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Zhou H, Wan S, Luo Y, Liu H, Jiang J, Guo Y, Xiao J, Wu B. Hepatitis B virus X protein induces ALDH2 ubiquitin-dependent degradation to enhance alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2023; 11:goad006. [PMID: 36875742 PMCID: PMC9978578 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive alcohol intake with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection accelerates chronic liver disease progression and patients with HBV infection are more susceptible to alcohol-induced liver disease. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays a crucial role in disease pathogenesis, while its specific role in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) progression has not yet been elucidated. Here, we studied the role of HBx on the development of ALD. Methods HBx-transgenic (HBx-Tg) mice and their wild-type littermates were exposed to chronic plus binge alcohol feeding. Primary hepatocytes, cell lines, and human samples were used to investigate the interaction between HBx and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). Lipid profiles in mouse livers and cells were assessed by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results We identified that HBx significantly aggravated alcohol-induced steatohepatitis, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in mice. In addition, HBx induced worse lipid profiles with high lysophospholipids generation in alcoholic steatohepatitis, as shown by using lipidomic analysis. Importantly, serum and liver acetaldehyde were markedly higher in alcohol-fed HBx-Tg mice. Acetaldehyde induced lysophospholipids generation through oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, HBx directly bound to mitochondrial ALDH2 to induce its ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, resulting in acetaldehyde accumulation. More importantly, we also identified that patients with HBV infection reduced ALDH2 protein levels in the liver. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that HBx-induced ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mitochondrial ALDH2 aggravates alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Alcoholic Liver Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Sizhe Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Alcoholic Liver Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Alcoholic Liver Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Alcoholic Liver Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Alcoholic Liver Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yunwei Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Alcoholic Liver Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Clinial Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Alcoholic Liver Disease Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Fujii J, Osaki T, Bo T. Ascorbate Is a Primary Antioxidant in Mammals. Molecules 2022; 27:6187. [PMID: 36234722 PMCID: PMC9572970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C in primates) functions as a cofactor for a number of enzymatic reactions represented by prolyl hydroxylases and as an antioxidant due to its ability to donate electrons, which is mostly accomplished through non-enzymatic reaction in mammals. Ascorbate directly reacts with radical species and is converted to ascorbyl radical followed by dehydroascorbate. Ambiguities in physiological relevance of ascorbate observed during in vivo situations could be attributed in part to presence of other redox systems and the pro-oxidant properties of ascorbate. Most mammals are able to synthesize ascorbate from glucose, which is also considered to be an obstacle to verify its action. In addition to animals with natural deficiency in the ascorbate synthesis, such as guinea pigs and ODS rats, three strains of mice with genetic removal of the responsive genes (GULO, RGN, or AKR1A) for the ascorbate synthesis have been established and are being used to investigate the physiological roles of ascorbate. Studies using these mice, along with ascorbate transporter (SVCT)-deficient mice, largely support its ability in protection against oxidative insults. While combined actions of ascorbate in regulating epigenetics and antioxidation appear to effectively prevent cancer development, pharmacological doses of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate may exert tumoricidal activity through redox-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Osaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Tomoki Bo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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Zhuravleva K, Goertz O, Wölkart G, Guillemot L, Petzelbauer P, Lehnhardt M, Schmidt K, Citi S, Schossleitner K. The tight junction protein cingulin regulates the vascular response to burn injury in a mouse model. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104067. [PMID: 32877697 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Edema formation due to the collapse of physiological barriers and the associated delayed healing process is still a central problem in the treatment of burn injuries. In healthy individuals, tight junctions form a barrier to fluid and small molecules. Cingulin is a cytoplasmic component of tight junctions and is involved in the regulation of the paracellular barrier. Endothelial specific cingulin knock-out mice provide new insight into the influence of tight junction proteins on edema formation and angiogenesis during wound healing. Knock-out mice lacking the head domain of cingulin in endothelial cells (CgnΔEC) were created by breeding Cgnfl/fl mice with Tie1-cre mice. Using a no-touch hot air jet a burn trauma was induced on the ear of the mouse. Over a period of 12 days microcirculatory parameters such as edema formation, angiogenesis and leukocyte-endothelial interactions were visualized using intravital fluorescence microscopy. At baseline, CgnΔEC mice surprisingly showed significantly less tracer extravasation compared to Cgnfl/fl littermates, whereas, after burn injury, edema was consistently higher in CgnΔEC mice. Non-perfused area after wounding was increased, but there was no difference in vessel diameters, contraction or dilation of arteries in CgnΔEC mice. Moreover, cingulin knock-out did not cause a difference in leukocyte adhesion after burn injury. In summary, cingulin limits non-perfused area after burn injury and maintains the paracellular barrier of blood vessels. Since edema formation with serious systemic effects is a central problem of burn wounds, understanding the importance of tight junction proteins might help to find new treatment strategies for burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zhuravleva
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Martin-Luther Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ole Goertz
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Martin-Luther Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerald Wölkart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laurent Guillemot
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Center, BG-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kurt Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Citi
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Kvandova M, Filippou K, Steven S, Oelze M, Kalinovic S, Stamm P, Frenis K, Vujacic-Mirski K, Sakumi K, Nakabeppu Y, Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Dovinova I, Epe B, Münzel T, Kröller-Schön S, Daiber A. Environmental aircraft noise aggravates oxidative DNA damage, granulocyte oxidative burst and nitrate resistance in Ogg1-/- mice. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:280-292. [PMID: 32326776 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1754410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Large epidemiological studies point towards a link between the incidence of arterial hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, metabolic disease and exposure to traffic noise, supporting the role of noise exposure as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. We characterised the underlying molecular mechanisms leading to noise-dependent adverse effects on the vasculature and myocardium in an animal model of aircraft noise exposure and identified oxidative stress and inflammation as central players in mediating vascular and cardiac dysfunction. Here, we studied the impact of noise-induced oxidative DNA damage on vascular function in DNA-repair deficient 8-oxoguanine glycosylase knockout (Ogg1-/-) mice.Methods and results: Noise exposure (peak sound levels of 85 and mean sound level of 72 dB(A) applied for 4d) caused oxidative DNA damage (8-oxoguanine) and enhanced NOX-2 expression in C57BL/6 mice with synergistic increases in Ogg1-/- mice (shown by immunohistochemistry). A similar pattern was found for oxidative burst of blood leukocytes and other markers of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal, 3-nitrotyrosine) and inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2). We observed additive impairment of noise exposure and genetic Ogg1 deficiency on endothelium-independent relaxation (nitroglycerine), which may be due to exacerbated oxidative DNA damage leading to leukocyte activation and oxidative aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition.Conclusions: The finding that chronic noise exposure causes oxidative DNA damage in mice is worrisome since these potential mutagenic lesions could contribute to cancer progression. Human field studies have to demonstrate whether oxidative DNA damage is also found in urban populations with high levels of noise exposure as recently shown for workers with high occupational noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Kvandova
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantina Filippou
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Stamm
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ksenija Vujacic-Mirski
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ima Dovinova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology I, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Münzel T, Daiber A. The potential of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:217-231. [PMID: 29431026 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1439922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) plays a major role in the ethanol detoxification pathway by removing acetaldehyde. Therefore, ALDH-2 inhibitors such as disulfiram represent the first therapeutic targeting of ALDH-2 for alcoholism therapy. Areas covered: Recently, ALDH-2 was identified as an essential bioactivating enzyme of the anti-ischemic organic nitrate nitroglycerin, bringing ALDH-2 again into the focus of clinical interest. Mechanistic studies on the nitroglycerin bioactivation process revealed that during bioconversion of nitroglycerin and in the presence of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species the active site thiols of ALDH-2 are oxidized and the enzyme activity is lost. Thus, ALDH-2 activity represents a useful marker for cardiovascular oxidative stress, a concept, which has been meanwhile supported by a number of animal disease models. Mechanistic studies on the protective role of ALDH-2 in different disease processes identified the detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal by ALDH-2 as a fundamental process of cardiovascular, cerebral and antioxidant protection. Expert opinion: The most recent therapeutic exploitation of ALDH-2 includes activators of the enzyme such as Alda-1 but also cell-based therapies (ALDH-bright cells) that deserve further clinical characterization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- a Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1 , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,b Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,c Partner Site Rhine-Main , German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Mainz , Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- a Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1 , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,b Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH) , Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz , Germany.,c Partner Site Rhine-Main , German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) , Mainz , Germany
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6
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Steven S, Oelze M, Hanf A, Kröller-Schön S, Kashani F, Roohani S, Welschof P, Kopp M, Gödtel-Armbrust U, Xia N, Li H, Schulz E, Lackner KJ, Wojnowski L, Bottari SP, Wenzel P, Mayoux E, Münzel T, Daiber A. The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin improves the primary diabetic complications in ZDF rats. Redox Biol 2017; 13:370-385. [PMID: 28667906 PMCID: PMC5491464 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia associated with inflammation and oxidative stress is a major cause of vascular dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Recent data reports that a selective sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), empagliflozin (Jardiance®), ameliorates glucotoxicity via excretion of excess glucose in urine (glucosuria) and significantly improves cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The overarching hypothesis is that hyperglycemia and glucotoxicity are upstream of all other complications seen in diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of empagliflozin on glucotoxicity, β-cell function, inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats were used as a model of T2DM (35 diabetic ZDF‐Leprfa/fa and 16 ZDF-Lepr+/+ controls). Empagliflozin (10 and 30 mg/kg/d) was administered via drinking water for 6 weeks. Treatment with empagliflozin restored glycemic control. Empagliflozin improved endothelial function (thoracic aorta) and reduced oxidative stress in the aorta and in blood of diabetic rats. Inflammation and glucotoxicity (AGE/RAGE signaling) were epigenetically prevented by SGLT2i treatment (ChIP). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation of endothelial function with HbA1c, whereas leukocyte-dependent oxidative burst and C-reactive protein (CRP) were positively correlated with HbA1c. Viability of hyperglycemic endothelial cells was pleiotropically improved by SGLT2i. Empagliflozin reduces glucotoxicity and thereby prevents the development of endothelial dysfunction, reduces oxidative stress and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in ZDF rats, despite persisting hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia. Our preclinical observations provide insights into the mechanisms by which empagliflozin reduces cardiovascular mortality in humans (EMPA-REG trial). Hyperglycemia induces vascular complications and cardiovascular disease. Empagliflozin reduces hyperglycemia and cardiovascular mortality (EMPA-REG trial). Here, empagliflozin normalized vascular function and oxidative stress in ZDF rats. Here, empagliflozin reduced AGE/RAGE signaling, inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, empagliflozin conferred glycemic control, epigenetic and pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alina Hanf
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Kashani
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siyer Roohani
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp Welschof
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kopp
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ute Gödtel-Armbrust
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ning Xia
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schulz
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209 - CNRS UMR 5309, Grenoble-Alps University and Institute for Biology and Pathology, CHU, Grenoble, France
| | - Leszek Wojnowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Serge P Bottari
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Eric Mayoux
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I - Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.
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7
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Opelt M, Eroglu E, Waldeck-Weiermair M, Russwurm M, Koesling D, Malli R, Graier WF, Fassett JT, Schrammel A, Mayer B. Formation of Nitric Oxide by Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 Is Necessary and Sufficient for Vascular Bioactivation of Nitroglycerin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:24076-24084. [PMID: 27679490 PMCID: PMC5104933 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.752071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) catalyzes vascular bioactivation of the antianginal drug nitroglycerin (GTN), resulting in activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and cGMP-mediated vasodilation. We have previously shown that a minor reaction of ALDH2-catalyzed GTN bioconversion, accounting for about 5% of the main clearance-based turnover yielding inorganic nitrite, results in direct NO formation and concluded that this minor pathway could provide the link between vascular GTN metabolism and activation of sGC. However, lack of detectable NO at therapeutically relevant GTN concentrations (≤1 μm) in vascular tissue called into question the biological significance of NO formation by purified ALDH2. We addressed this issue and used a novel, highly sensitive genetically encoded fluorescent NO probe (geNOp) to visualize intracellular NO formation at low GTN concentrations (≤1 μm) in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) expressing an ALDH2 mutant that reduces GTN to NO but lacks clearance-based GTN denitration activity. NO formation was compared with GTN-induced activation of sGC. The addition of 1 μm GTN to VSMC expressing either wild-type or C301S/C303S ALDH2 resulted in pronounced intracellular NO elevation, with maximal concentrations of 7 and 17 nm, respectively. Formation of GTN-derived NO correlated well with activation of purified sGC in VSMC lysates and cGMP accumulation in intact porcine aortic endothelial cells infected with wild-type or mutant ALDH2. Formation of NO and cGMP accumulation were inhibited by ALDH inhibitors chloral hydrate and daidzin. The present study demonstrates that ALDH2-catalyzed NO formation is necessary and sufficient for GTN bioactivation in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Opelt
- From the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Emrah Eroglu
- the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - Markus Waldeck-Weiermair
- the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - Michael Russwurm
- the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Doris Koesling
- the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland Malli
- the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - Wolfgang F Graier
- the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria, and
| | - John T Fassett
- From the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Schrammel
- From the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- From the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria,
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8
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Daiber A, Münzel T. Organic Nitrate Therapy, Nitrate Tolerance, and Nitrate-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Emphasis on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:899-942. [PMID: 26261901 PMCID: PMC4752190 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin (GTN), isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate, and pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN), when given acutely, have potent vasodilator effects improving symptoms in patients with acute and chronic congestive heart failure, stable coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndromes, or arterial hypertension. The mechanisms underlying vasodilation include the release of •NO or a related compound in response to intracellular bioactivation (for GTN, the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase [ALDH-2]) and activation of the enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase. Increasing cyclic guanosine-3',-5'-monophosphate (cGMP) levels lead to an activation of the cGMP-dependent kinase I, thereby causing the relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle by decreasing intracellular calcium concentrations. The hemodynamic and anti-ischemic effects of organic nitrates are rapidly lost upon long-term (low-dose) administration due to the rapid development of tolerance and endothelial dysfunction, which is in most cases linked to increased intracellular oxidative stress. Enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species under nitrate therapy include mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, and an uncoupled •NO synthase. Acute high-dose challenges with organic nitrates cause a similar loss of potency (tachyphylaxis), but with distinct pathomechanism. The differences among organic nitrates are highlighted regarding their potency to induce oxidative stress and subsequent tolerance and endothelial dysfunction. We also address pleiotropic effects of organic nitrates, for example, their capacity to stimulate antioxidant pathways like those demonstrated for PETN, all of which may prevent adverse effects in response to long-term therapy. Based on these considerations, we will discuss and present some preclinical data on how the nitrate of the future should be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- The 2nd Medical Clinic, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- The 2nd Medical Clinic, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University , Mainz, Germany
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Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:83-94. [PMID: 26499181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first discovered gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) affects a number of cellular processes, including those involving vascular cells. This brief review summarizes the contribution of NO to the regulation of vascular tone and its sources in the blood vessel wall. NO regulates the degree of contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells mainly by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), although cGMP-independent signaling [S-nitrosylation of target proteins, activation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) or production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP)] also can be involved. In the blood vessel wall, NO is produced mainly from l-arginine by the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) but it can also be released non-enzymatically from S-nitrosothiols or from nitrate/nitrite. Dysfunction in the production and/or the bioavailability of NO characterizes endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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