1
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Guan R, Yuan L, Li J, Wang J, Li Z, Cai Z, Guo H, Fang Y, Lin R, Liu W, Wang L, Zheng Q, Xu J, Zhou Y, Qian J, Ding M, Luo J, Li Y, Yang K, Sun D, Yao H, He J, Lu W. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by modulating cellular senescence and mitophagy in lung fibroblasts. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:13993003.02307-2021. [PMID: 35777761 PMCID: PMC9808813 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02307-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of myofibroblasts is critical to fibrogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Senescence and insufficient mitophagy in fibroblasts contribute to their differentiation into myofibroblasts, thereby promoting the development of lung fibrosis. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a multifunctional growth factor, is essential for the early stage of lung development; however, the role of BMP4 in modulating lung fibrosis remains unknown. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of BMP4 in lung fibrosis using BMP4-haplodeleted mice, BMP4-overexpressed mice, primary lung fibroblasts and lung samples from patients with IPF. RESULTS BMP4 expression was downregulated in IPF lungs and fibroblasts compared to control individuals, negatively correlated with fibrotic genes, and BMP4 decreased with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 stimulation in lung fibroblasts in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In mice challenged with bleomycin, BMP4 haploinsufficiency perpetuated activation of lung myofibroblasts and caused accelerated lung function decline, severe fibrosis and mortality. BMP4 overexpression using adeno-associated virus 9 vectors showed preventative and therapeutic efficacy against lung fibrosis. In vitro, BMP4 attenuated TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production by reducing impaired mitophagy and cellular senescence in lung fibroblasts. Pink1 silencing by short-hairpin RNA transfection abolished the ability of BMP4 to reverse the TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast differentiation and ECM production, indicating dependence on Pink1-mediated mitophagy. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of BMP4 on fibroblast activation and differentiation was accompanied with an activation of Smad1/5/9 signalling and suppression of TGF-β1-mediated Smad2/3 signalling in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Strategies for enhancing BMP4 signalling may represent an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Liang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jingpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ziying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaowei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Mingjing Ding
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Jieping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Key Laboratory of National Health Commission for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COPD, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Wenju Lu and Jianxing He contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China .,Wenju Lu and Jianxing He contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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Zhang X, Jiang L, Chen H, Wei S, Yao K, Sun X, Yang G, Jiang L, Zhang C, Wang N, Wang Y, Liu X. Resveratrol protected acrolein-induced ferroptosis and insulin secretion dysfunction via ER-stress- related PERK pathway in MIN6 cells. Toxicology 2022; 465:153048. [PMID: 34813903 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein is a typical food and environmental pollutant and a risk factor for diabetes. The primary pathogenesis of diabetes is insulin deficiency and resistance. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death type, accompanying by lipid peroxide accumulation. Here, 25 μM acrolein-induced ferroptosis is observed in mouse pancreatic β-cell MIN6 cells as indicated by ferroptosis-related indicators, including GPX4 exhaustion, lipid peroxides accumulation, and insulin secretion impairment. Additionally, acrolein-induced ferroptosis could be reversed by Ferrostatin-1. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) is involved in acrolein-induced ferroptosis. The ER stress inhibits the expression of PPARγ, an essential gene in glucose and lipid metabolism, and facilitates lipid peroxide accumulation, leading to MIN6 cells ferroptosis and dysfunction. Moreover, resveratrol, an antioxidant natural product, may relieve ER stress and upregulate PPARγ expression, thereby inhibiting acrolein-induced ferroptosis. Thus, this study demonstrated a new perspective for the cytotoxic mechanism of acrolein on pancreatic β-cell and the protective effect of resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Preventive Medicine Laboratory, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Huangben Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Sen Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University. No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University. No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Afliated Zhong Shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Hospital of Chaoyang, No. 26, Chaoyang Street of the Twin Towers, Chaoyang, 122000, China.
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, West Segment of South lvshun Road, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, PR China.
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Chen XL, Liu P, Zhu WL, Lou LG. DCZ5248, a novel dual inhibitor of Hsp90 and autophagy, exerts antitumor activity against colon cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:132-141. [PMID: 32404982 PMCID: PMC7921121 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a potential therapeutic target for tumor, as it maintains the stability of a variety of proteins related to tumor development and progression. Autophagy is a self-degradation process to maintain cellular homeostasis and autophagy inhibitors can suppress tumor growth. In this study, we identified DCZ5248, a triazine derivative, was a dual inhibitor of both Hsp90 and late-autophagy with potent antitumor activity against colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. We showed that DCZ5248 (0.1-10 μM) induced dose-dependent degradation of Hsp90 client proteins (AKT, CDK4, CDK6 and RAF-1) in HCT 116 colon cancer cells through a proteasome-dependent pathway. Meanwhile, DCZ5248 (0.3 μM) induced cytoplasmic vacuole formation, LC3 II conversion, p62 protein upregulation, and inhibited autophagy at the late stage in the colon cancer cell lines tested. We further revealed that the inhibition of autophagy was achieved by impairing lysosomal functions through induction of lysosomal acidification and attenuation of lysosomal cathepsin activity. The modulation of autophagy by DCZ5248 was independent of Hsp90 inhibition as the autophagy inhibition was not blocked by Hsp90 knockdown. Importantly, inhibition of both Hsp90 function and autophagy by DCZ5248 induced G1-phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and exerted potent antitumor activity against colon cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. These findings demonstrate that DCZ5248 is a novel dual inhibitor of Hsp90 and autophagy with potential for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ling Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei-Liang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Guang Lou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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4
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Jiao L, Shao Y, Yu Q, Li M, Wang Y, Gong M, Yang X, Liu T, Li Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Tan Z, Sun L, Xuan L, Yin H, Zhang Y, Cai B, Zhang Y, Yang B. GDF11 replenishment protects against hypoxia-mediated apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by regulating autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Ye X, Zhu M, Che X, Wang H, Liang XJ, Wu C, Xue X, Yang J. Lipopolysaccharide induces neuroinflammation in microglia by activating the MTOR pathway and downregulating Vps34 to inhibit autophagosome formation. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:18. [PMID: 31926553 PMCID: PMC6954631 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microglial activation is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation, which is present in almost all neurodegenerative diseases. While an initial inflammatory response mediated by microglia is considered to be protective, excessive pro-inflammatory response of microglia contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. Although autophagy is involved in the suppression of inflammation, its role and mechanism in microglia are unclear. Methods In the present study, we studied the mechanism by which lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects microglial autophagy and the effects of autophagy on the production of pro-inflammatory factors in microglial cells by western blotting, immunocytochemistry, transfection, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and real-time PCR. In a mouse model of neuroinflammation, generated by intraventricular injection of LPS (5 μg/animal), we induced autophagy by rapamycin injection and investigated the effects of enhanced autophagy on microglial activation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry. Results We found that autophagic flux was suppressed in LPS-stimulated N9 microglial cells, as evidenced by decreased expression of the autophagy marker LC3-II (lipidated form of MAP1LC3), as well as increased levels of the autophagy adaptor protein SQSTM1. LPS significantly decreased Vps34 expression in N9 microglial cells by activating the PI3KI/AKT/MTOR pathway without affecting the levels of lysosome-associated proteins and enzymes. More importantly, overexpression of Vps34 significantly enhanced the autophagic flux and decreased the accumulation of SQSTM1 in LPS-stimulated N9 microglial cells. Moreover, our results revealed that an LPS-induced reduction in the level of Vps34 prevented the maturation of omegasomes to phagophores. Furthermore, LPS-induced neuroinflammation was significantly ameliorated by treatment with the autophagy inducer rapamycin both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions These data reveal that LPS-induced neuroinflammation in N9 microglial cells is associated with the inhibition of autophagic flux through the activation of the PI3KI/AKT/MTOR pathway, while enhanced microglial autophagy downregulates LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Thus, this study suggests that promoting the early stages of autophagy might be a potential therapeutic approach for neuroinflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family of ligands and exert most of their effects through the canonical effectors Smad1, 5, and 8. Appropriate regulation of BMP signaling is critical for the development and homeostasis of numerous human organ systems. Aberrations in BMP pathways or their regulation are increasingly associated with diverse human pathologies, and there is an urgent and growing need to develop effective approaches to modulate BMP signaling in the clinic. In this review, we provide a wide perspective on diseases and/or conditions associated with dysregulated BMP signal transduction, outline the current strategies available to modulate BMP pathways, highlight emerging second-generation technologies, and postulate prospective avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Lowery
- Division of Biomedical Science, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46222
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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7
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Zhang YH, Pan LH, Pang Y, Yang JX, Lv MJ, Liu F, Qu XF, Chen XX, Gong HJ, Liu D, Wei Y. GDF11/BMP11 as a novel tumor marker for liver cancer. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3495-3500. [PMID: 29545874 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, has been reported to be involved in colorectal cancer. However, the roles of GDF11 in Chinese patients with liver cancer and the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. The present study assessed the expression of GDF11 in 10 paired samples of cancerous and normal tissues from Chinese liver cancer patients. The results indicated that the expression of GDF11 was significantly lower in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues. In vitro, the expression of GDF11 was reduced in a panel of liver cancer cell lines compared with that in a normal liver cell line at the mRNA and protein level. Treatment with GDF11 reduced the viability of HepG2 for up to 72 h and GDF11 treatment reduced the viability of SMMC-7721 after 48 and 72 h. Furthermore, GDF11 activated Smad2/3 signaling in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, GDF11 has a tumor suppressor role in liver cancer, exerts its effects through Smad2/3 signaling and may serve as a novel tumor marker in liver cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Hong Pan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Yi Pang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xin Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jia Lv
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Qu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Jun Gong
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Control, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404110, P.R. China
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8
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Deng X, Shen J, Zhu H, Xiao J, Sun R, Xie F, Lam C, Wang J, Qiao Y, Tavallaie MS, Hu Y, Du Y, Li J, Fu L, Jiang F. Surrogating and redirection of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one core, a novel class of potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:903-912. [PMID: 29373269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The initial focus on characterizing novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one derivatives as DPP-4 inhibitors, led to a potent and selective inhibitor compound b2. This ligand exhibits potent in vitro DPP-4 inhibitory activity (IC50: 80 nM), while maintaining other key cellular parameters such as high selectivity, low cytotoxicity and good cell viability. Subsequent optimization of b2 based on docking analysis and structure-based drug design knowledge resulted in d1. Compound d1 has nearly 2-fold increase of inhibitory activity (IC50: 49 nM) and over 1000-fold selectivity against DPP-8 and DPP-9. Further in vivo IPGTT assays showed that compound b2 effectively reduce glucose excursion by 34% at the dose of 10 mg/kg in diabetic mice. Herein we report the optimization and design of a potent and highly selective series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one DPP-4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxian Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China; China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, No. 285 Gebaini Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China; Viva Biotech Ltd. (Shanghai), No. 334 Aidisheng Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 369 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ran Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fangzhou Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Celine Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixue Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mojdeh S Tavallaie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Du
- Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Rd., Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, No. 285 Gebaini Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Faqin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
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9
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Zhang YH, Cheng F, Du XT, Gao JL, Xiao XL, Li N, Li SL, Dong DL. GDF11/BMP11 activates both smad1/5/8 and smad2/3 signals but shows no significant effect on proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12063-74. [PMID: 26919250 PMCID: PMC4914269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
GDF11/BMP11, a member of TGF-β superfamily, was reported to rejuvenate heart, skeletal muscle and blood vessel architecture in aged mice. However, the rejuvenative effects of GDF11 were questioned recently. Here, we investigated the effects of GDF11 on smad and non-smad signals in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the effects of GDF11 on proliferation and migration of HUVECs and primary rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). GDF11 factor purchased from two different companies (PeproTech and R&D Systems) was comparatively studied. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions. The cell viability and migration were examined by using MTT and wound healing assays. Results showed that GDF11 activated both smad1/5/8 and smad2/3 signals in HUVECs. GDF11 increased protein expression of NADPH oxidase 4(NOX4) in HUVECs. GDF11 showed no significant effect on the protein level of p38, p-p38, ERK, p-ERK, Akt, p-Akt (Ser473) and p-Akt(Thr308), but increased the protein level of p-JNK and p-AMPK in HUVECs, and these increases were inhibited by antioxidant mitoTEMPO treatment. GDF11 slightly increased cell viability after short-term treatment and slightly decreased cell viability after long-term treatment. GDF11 showed no significant effect on cell proliferation and migration. These data indicated that the notion of GDF11 as a rejuvenation-related factor for endothelial cells needs to be cautious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Xue-Ting Du
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Jin-Lai Gao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Xiao-Lin Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - Shan-Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
| | - De Li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R.China
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10
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Wang Y, Liu J, Qiu Y, Jin M, Chen X, Fan G, Wang R, Kong D. ZSTK474, a specific class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, induces G1 arrest and autophagy in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19897-909. [PMID: 26918351 PMCID: PMC4991426 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifaceted activities of class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor ZSTK474 were investigated on human breast cancer cell MCF-7. ZSTK474 inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 cells potently. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that ZSTK474 induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, but no obvious apoptosis occurred. Western blot analysis suggested that blockade of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/cyclin D1/p-Rb pathway might contribute to the G1 arrest induced. Moreover, we demonstrated that ZSTK474 induced autophagy in MCF-7 cells by use of various assays including monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence microscopy, and western blot detection of the autophagy protein markers of LC3B II, p62 and Atg 5. Inhibition of class I PI3K and the downstream mTOR might be involved in the autophagy-inducing effect. Combinational use of ZSTK474 and autophagy inhibitors enhanced cell viability, suggesting ZSTK474-induced autophagy might contribute to the antitumor activity. Our report supports the application of ZSTK474, which is being evaluated in clinical trials, for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Meihua Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nankai Dsitrict, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.,Research Center of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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11
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A Survey of Strategies to Modulate the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Pathway: Current and Future Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7290686. [PMID: 27433166 PMCID: PMC4940573 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7290686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute the largest subdivision of the TGF-β family of ligands and are unequivocally involved in regulating stem cell behavior. Appropriate regulation of canonical BMP signaling is critical for the development and homeostasis of numerous human organ systems, as aberrations in the BMP pathway or its regulation are increasingly associated with diverse human pathologies. In this review, we provide a wide-perspective on strategies that increase or decrease BMP signaling. We briefly outline the current FDA-approved approaches, highlight emerging next-generation technologies, and postulate prospective avenues for future investigation. We also detail how activating other pathways may indirectly modulate BMP signaling, with a particular emphasis on the relationship between the BMP and Activin/TGF-β pathways.
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12
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Kuo HF, Liu PL, Chong IW, Liu YP, Chen YH, Ku PM, Li CY, Chen HH, Chiang HC, Wang CL, Chen HJ, Chen YC, Hsieh CC. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Mediates Autophagy and Apoptosis in Myocardial Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156059. [PMID: 27219009 PMCID: PMC4878768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional protein that exhibits anti-angiogenic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-atherogenic, and cardioprotective properties. While it was recently shown that PEDF expression is inhibited under low oxygen conditions, the functional role of PEDF in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) remains unclear. The goal of this study was to therefore investigate the influence of PEDF on myocardial H/R injury. For these analyses, PEDF-specific small interfering RNA-expressing and PEDF-expressing lentivirus (PEDF-LV) vectors were utilized to knockdown or stably overexpress PEDF, respectively, within human cardiomyocytes (HCM) in vitro. We noted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in the induction of cell death pathways, including apoptosis and autophagy in ischemic hearts. Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of PEDF resulted in a significant reduction in ROS production and attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential depletion under H/R conditions. Furthermore, PEDF inhibited the activation of a two-step apoptotic pathway in which caspase-dependent (caspase-9 and caspase-3) and caspase-independent (apoptosis inducing factor and endonuclease G), which in turn cleaves several crucial substrates including the DNA repair enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Meanwhile, overexpression of PEDF also promoted autophagy, a process that is typically activated in response to H/R. Therefore, these findings suggest that PEDF plays a critical role in preventing H/R injury by modulating anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic factors and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Fu Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ming Ku
- Cardiovascular Center, Chi-Mei Hospital, Liouying, Tainan, 736, Taiwan
- Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Lin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Jen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chieh Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 801, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chao Hsieh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Mao S, Zhang J. Role of autophagy in chronic kidney diseases. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:22022-9. [PMID: 26885176 PMCID: PMC4729962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases (CKD), a common pathway of various glomerular diseases, which carries great morbidity and mortality to people. CKD is characterized by progressive kidney fibrosis and remodeling. CKD is also associated with the depletion of glomerular and tubular cells. Autophagy is a highly conserved process that degrades cellular long-lived proteins and organelles. It plays an important role in both normal and disease states, including immunity, inflammation, and adaptation to stress. Evidence has indicated that impaired autophagic activity is involved in the development of CKD. Here, we review the progress in our understanding of the role of autophagy in the development and progression of CKD. Targeting the autophagic signaling pathways may be a therapeutic strategy for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai, China
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14
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Sheng Y, Sun B, Xie X, Li N, Dong D. DMH1 (4-[6-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline) inhibits chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:330-6. [PMID: 26579463 PMCID: PMC4629267 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work found that DMH1 (4-[6-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]quinoline) was a novel autophagy inhibitor. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of DMH1 on chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy as well as the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in different cancer cells. We found that DMH1 inhibited tamoxifen- and cispcis-diaminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP)-induced autophagy responses in MCF-7 and HeLa cells, and potentiated the anti-tumor activity of tamoxifen and CDDP for both cells. DMH1 inhibited 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced autophagy responses in MCF-7 and HeLa cells, but did not affect the anti-tumor activity of 5-FU for these two cell lines. DMH1 itself did not induce cell death in MCF-7 and HeLa cells, but inhibited the proliferation of these cells. In conclusion, DMH1 inhibits chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy response and the enhancement of efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs by DMH1 is dependent on the cell sensitivity to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Deli Dong
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 451 86671354; fax: +86 451 86667511.
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15
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Xie X, Zhao Y, Ma CY, Xu XM, Zhang YQ, Wang CG, Jin J, Shen X, Gao JL, Li N, Sun ZJ, Dong DL. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3929-43. [PMID: 25953698 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a newly approved drug for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Here, we investigated the effects of DMF and its metabolites mono-methylfumarate (MMF and methanol) on different gastrointestinal cancer cell lines and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell viability was measured by the MTT or CCK8 assay. Protein expressions were measured by Western blot analysis. LDH release, live- and dead-cell staining, intracellular GSH levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential were examined by using commercial kits. KEY RESULTS DMF but not MMF induced cell necroptosis, as demonstrated by the pharmacological tool necrostatin-1, transmission electron microscopy, LDH and HMGB1 release in CT26 cells. The DMF-induced decrease in cellular GSH levels as well as cell viability and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) were inhibited by co-treatment with GSH and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in CT26 cells. DMF activated JNK, p38 and ERK MAPKs in CT26 cells and JNK, p38 and ERK inhibitors partially reversed the DMF-induced decrease in cell viability. GSH or NAC treatment inhibited DMF-induced JNK, p38, and ERK activation in CT26 cells. DMF but not MMF increased autophagy responses in SGC-7901, HCT116, HT29 and CT26 cancer cells, but autophagy inhibition did not prevent the DMF-induced decrease in cell viability. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS DMF but not its metabolite MMF induced necroptosis in colon cancer cells through a mechanism involving the depletion of GSH, an increase in ROS and activation of MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chen-Guang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin-Lai Gao
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Sun
- Center for Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China
| | - De-Li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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16
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Xie X, Xu XM, Li N, Zhang YH, Zhao Y, Ma CY, Dong DL. DMH1 increases glucose metabolism through activating Akt in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107776. [PMID: 25247550 PMCID: PMC4172596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
DMH1(4-[6-(4-Isopropoxyphenyl)pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl] quinoline) is a compound C analogue with the structural modifications at the 3- and 6-positions in pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine backbone. Compound C was reported to inhibit both AMPK and Akt. Our preliminary work found that DMH1 activated Akt. Since Akt was involved in glucose metabolism, we aimed to identify the effects of DMH1 on glucose metabolism in L6 rat muscle cells and the potential mechanism. Results showed that DMH1 increased lactic acid release and glucose consumption in L6 rat muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner. DMH1 activated Akt in L6 cells. Akt inhibitor inhibited DMH1-induced Akt activation and DMH1-induced increases of glucose uptake and consumption. DMH1 had no cytotoxicity in L6 cells, but inhibited mitochondrial function and reduced ATP production. DMH1 showed no effect on AMPK, but in the presence of Akt inhibitor, DMH1 significantly activated AMPK. Compound C inhibited DMH1-induced Akt activation in L6 cells. Compound C inhibited DMH1-induced increase of glucose uptake, consumption and lactic acid release in L6 cells. DMH1 inhibited PP2A activity, and PP2A activator forskolin reversed DMH1-induced Akt activation. We concluded that DMH1 increased glucose metabolism through activating Akt and DMH1 activated Akt through inhibiting PP2A activity in L6 rat muscle cells. In view of the analogue structure of DMH1 and compound C and the contrasting effects of DMH1 and compound C on Akt, the present study provides a novel leading chemical structure targeting Akt with potential use for regulating glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - De-Li Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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