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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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2
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Canella R, Brugnoli F, Gallo M, Keillor JW, Terrazzan A, Ferrari E, Grassilli S, Gates EWJ, Volinia S, Bertagnolo V, Bianchi N, Bergamini CM. A Multidisciplinary Approach Establishes a Link between Transglutaminase 2 and the Kv10.1 Voltage-Dependent K + Channel in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010178. [PMID: 36612174 PMCID: PMC9818547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the multifunctionality of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) includes extra- and intracellular functions, we investigated the effects of intracellular administration of TG2 inhibitors in three breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-468, which are representative of different triple-negative phenotypes, using a patch-clamp technique. The first cell line has a highly voltage-dependent a membrane current, which is low in the second and almost absent in the third one. While applying a voltage protocol to responsive single cells, injection of TG2 inhibitors triggered a significant decrease of the current in MDA-MB-231 that we attributed to voltage-dependent K+ channels using the specific inhibitors 4-aminopyridine and astemizole. Since the Kv10.1 channel plays a dominant role as a marker of cell migration and survival in breast cancer, we investigated its relationship with TG2 by immunoprecipitation. Our data reveal their physical interaction affects membrane currents in MDA-MB-231 but not in the less sensitive MDA-MB-436 cells. We further correlated the efficacy of TG2 inhibition with metabolic changes in the supernatants of treated cells, resulting in increased concentration of methyl- and dimethylamines, representing possible response markers. In conclusion, our findings highlight the interference of TG2 inhibitors with the Kv10.1 channel as a potential therapeutic tool depending on the specific features of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Canella
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Brugnoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariana Gallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W. Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Grassilli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eric W. J. Gates
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Bertagnolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455854
| | - Carlo M. Bergamini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Lin C, Liu F, Chen G, Bai X, Ding Y, Chung SM, Lee IS, Bai H, Chen C. Apatite nanosheets inhibit initial smooth muscle cell proliferation by damaging cell membrane. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212852. [PMID: 35929280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how nanostructured coatings interact with cells is related to how they manipulate cell behaviors and is therefore critical for designing better biomaterials. The apatite nanosheets were deposited on metallic substrates via biomimetic precipitation. Cell viability of apatite nanosheets towards to smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were investigated, and the underlying mechanism was proposed. Apatite nanosheets presented inhibitory activity on SMC growth, and caused rupture of cell membranes. On the basis of measuring changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), observing cell contraction and apatite nanosheets - SMC interaction, it was found that calcium ions released from apatite led to rises in [Ca2+]i, which induced vigorous SMC contraction on apatite nanosheets. Consequently, the cell membrane of individual SMCs was cut/penetrated by the sharp edges of apatite nanosheets, resulting in cell inactivation. This damage of cell membranes suggests a novel mechanism to manipulate cell viability, and may offer insights for the better design of calcium-based nanostructured coatings or other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110002, PR China
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yahui Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Sung-Min Chung
- Biomaterials R&D Center, GENOSS Co., Ltd., Suwon-si 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seop Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Institute of Human Materials, Suwon 16514, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Cen Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China.
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4
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Probing tissue transglutaminase mediated vascular smooth muscle cell aging using a novel transamidation-deficient Tgm2-C277S mouse model. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:197. [PMID: 34326316 PMCID: PMC8322091 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2), a multifunctional protein of the transglutaminase family, has putative transamidation-independent functions in aging-associated vascular stiffening and dysfunction. Developing preclinical models will be critical to fully understand the physiologic relevance of TG2's transamidation-independent activity and to identify the specific function of TG2 for therapeutic targeting. Therefore, in this study, we harnessed CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology to introduce a mutation at cysteine 277 in the active site of the mouse Tgm2 gene. Heterozygous and homozygous Tgm2-C277S mice were phenotypically normal and were born at the expected Mendelian frequency. TG2 protein was ubiquitously expressed in the Tgm2-C277S mice at levels similar to those of wild-type (WT) mice. In the Tgm2-C277S mice, TG2 transglutaminase function was successfully obliterated, but the transamidation-independent functions ascribed to GTP, fibronectin, and integrin binding were preserved. In vitro, a remodeling stimulus led to the significant loss of vascular compliance in WT mice, but not in the Tgm2-C277S or TG2-/- mice. Vascular stiffness increased with age in WT mice, as measured by pulse-wave velocity and tensile testing. Tgm2-C277S mice were protected from age-associated vascular stiffening, and TG2 knockout yielded further protection. Together, these studies show that TG2 contributes significantly to overall vascular modulus and vasoreactivity independent of its transamidation function, but that transamidation activity is a significant cause of vascular matrix stiffening during aging. Finally, the Tgm2-C277S mice can be used for in vivo studies to explore the transamidation-independent roles of TG2 in physiology and pathophysiology.
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5
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Modzelewska B, Drygalski K, Kleszczewski T, Chomentowski A, Koryciński K, Kiełczewska A, Pawłuszewicz P, Razak Hady H. Quercetin relaxes human gastric smooth muscles directly through ATP-sensitive potassium channels and not depending on the nitric oxide pathway. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14093. [PMID: 33528064 PMCID: PMC8365708 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin has recently become a remarkably popular subject of research due to its broad beneficial pharmacological properties. The goal of our study was to observe its effects on contractility of human gastric smooth muscles in reference to the NO pathway and direct influence of potassium channels. METHODS Tissues were obtained from patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy due to morbid obesity (n = 10 aged 24-56; BMI 47.16 ± 1.84). The following parameters were evaluated in the recordings: area under the curve (AUC), average baseline muscle tone, and relative change in muscle contraction. KEY RESULTS Quercetin induced noticeable, dose-dependent relaxation of the carbachol treated gastric strips. The substantial effect was noted at concentrations higher than 10-7 mol/L and maximal at 10-4 mol/L (81.82 ± 3.32%; n = 10; p < 0.0001) of the control. Neither NOS blockers nor guanylyl cyclase blockers had inhibitory effects on the relaxation of strips induced by examined polyphenol. Glibenclamide inhibited the relaxing effect of quercetin, significant at concentrations higher than 5⋅10-5 mol/L. Preincubation with charybdotoxin or apamin extended the relaxing effect of quercetin (from 10-6 mol/L). Tamoxifen, in turn, significantly increased muscle relaxation at all quercetin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In conclusion, the current study was the first to show that quercetin-induced relaxation of human gastric smooth muscle occurs directly through K+ATP channels and independently to NO pathways. The present results suggest that quercetin is a potential nutraceutical in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal dyspepsia and other minor gastric muscle motility disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Modzelewska
- Department of BiophysicsMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrycja Pawłuszewicz
- Clinical Department of General and Endocrine SurgeryMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
| | - Hady Razak Hady
- Clinical Department of General and Endocrine SurgeryMedical University of BiałystokBiałystokPoland
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Markvardsen LK, Sønderskov LD, Wandall-Frostholm C, Pinilla E, Prat-Duran J, Aalling M, Mogensen S, Andersen CU, Simonsen U. Cystamine Treatment Fails to Prevent the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Hypoxic Rats. J Vasc Res 2021; 58:237-251. [PMID: 33910208 DOI: 10.1159/000515511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by vasoconstriction and remodeling of pulmonary arteries, leading to right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. We have previously found upregulation of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in the right ventricle of chronic hypoxic rats. The hypothesis of the present study was that treatment with the transglutaminase inhibitor, cystamine, would inhibit the development of pulmonary arterial remodeling, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular hypertrophy. METHODS Effect of cystamine on transamidase activity was investigated in tissue homogenates. Wistar rats were exposed to chronic hypoxia and treated with vehicle, cystamine (40 mg/kg/day in mini-osmotic pumps), sildenafil (25 mg/kg/day), or the combination for 2 weeks. RESULTS Cystamine concentration-dependently inhibited TG2 transamidase activity in liver and lung homogenates. In contrast to cystamine, sildenafil reduced right ventricular systolic pressure and hypertrophy and decreased pulmonary vascular resistance and muscularization in chronic hypoxic rats. Fibrosis in the lung tissue decreased in chronic hypoxic rats treated with cystamine. TG2 expression was similar in the right ventricle and lung tissue of drug and vehicle-treated hypoxic rats. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Cystamine inhibited TG2 transamidase activity, but cystamine failed to prevent pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial muscularization in the chronic hypoxic rat.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure/drug effects
- Cystamine/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Female
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/enzymology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/enzymology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/etiology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/prevention & control
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/drug therapy
- Hypoxia/enzymology
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/enzymology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/enzymology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/prevention & control
- Rats, Wistar
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Ventricular Function, Right/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars K Markvardsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene D Sønderskov
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christine Wandall-Frostholm
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Estéfano Pinilla
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Judit Prat-Duran
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Aalling
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susie Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte U Andersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Beck L, Pinilla E, Arcanjo DDR, Hernanz R, Prat-Duran J, Petersen AG, Köhler R, Sheykhzade M, Comerma-Steffensen S, Simonsen U. Pirfenidone Is a Vasodilator: Involvement of K V7 Channels in the Effect on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation in Type-2 Diabetic Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:619152. [PMID: 33643042 PMCID: PMC7906977 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.619152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction and fibrosis are associated with worsening of the prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease. Pirfenidone has a direct antifibrotic effect, but vasodilatation may also contribute to the effects of pirfenidone. Therefore, in a first study we investigated the mechanisms involved in the relaxant effect of pirfenidone in rat intrapulmonary arteries and coronary arteries from normal mice. Then in a second study, we investigated whether pirfenidone restores endothelial function in the aorta and mesenteric arteries from diabetic animals. From 16–18-week old normal male C57BL/6 mice and normoglycemic (db/db+), and type 2 diabetic (db/db) male and female mice, arteries were mounted in microvascular isometric myographs for functional studies, and immunoblotting was performed. In rat pulmonary arteries and mouse coronary arteries, pirfenidone induced relaxations, which were inhibited in preparations without endothelium. In mouse coronary arteries, pirfenidone relaxation was inhibited in the presence of a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-l-arginine (L-NOARG), a blocker of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa), iberiotoxin, and a blocker of KV7 channels, XE991. Patch clamp studies in vascular smooth muscle revealed pirfenidone increased iberiotoxin-sensitive current. In the aorta and mesenteric small arteries from diabetic db/db mice relaxations induced by the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine, were markedly reduced compared to db/db + mice. Pirfenidone enhanced the relaxations induced by acetylcholine in the aorta from diabetic male and female db/db mice. An opener of KV7 channels, flupirtine, had the same effect as pirfenidone. XE991 reduced the effect of pirfenidone and flupirtine and further reduced acetylcholine relaxations in the aorta. In the presence of iberiotoxin, pirfenidone still increased acetylcholine relaxation in aorta from db/db mice. Immunoblotting for KV7.4, KV7.5, and BKCa channel subunits were unaltered in aorta from db/db mice. Pirfenidone failed to improve acetylcholine relaxation in mesenteric arteries, and neither changed acetylcholine-induced transient decreases in blood pressure in db/db+ and db/db mice. In conclusion, pirfenidone vasodilates pulmonary and coronary arteries. In coronary arteries from normal mice, pirfenidone induces NO-dependent vasodilatation involving BKCa and KV7 channels. Pirfenidone improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in aorta from diabetic animals by a mechanism involving voltage-gated KV7 channels, a mechanism that may contribute to the antifibrotic effect of pirfenidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilliana Beck
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Estéfano Pinilla
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Studies in Physiopharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Judit Prat-Duran
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Graver Petersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragón Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences/Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary, Central University of Venezuela, Maracay, Venezuela
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Prat-Duran J, Pinilla E, Nørregaard R, Simonsen U, Buus NH. Transglutaminase 2 as a novel target in chronic kidney disease - Methods, mechanisms and pharmacological inhibition. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107787. [PMID: 33307141 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with a prevalence of 10-15%. Progressive fibrosis of the renal tissue is a main feature of CKD, but current treatment strategies are relatively unspecific and delay, but do not prevent, CKD. Exploration of novel pharmacological targets to inhibit fibrosis development are therefore important. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is known to be central for extracellular collagenous matrix formation, but TG2 is a multifunctional enzyme and novel research has broadened our view on its extra- and intracellular actions. TG2 exists in two conformational states with different catalytic properties as determined by substrate availability and local calcium concentrations. The open conformation of TG2 depends on calcium and has transamidase activity, central for protein modification and cross-linking of extracellular protein components, while the closed conformation is a GTPase involved in transmembrane signaling processes. We first describe different methodologies to assess TG2 activity in renal tissue and cell cultures such as biotin cadaverine incorporation. Then we systematically review animal CKD models and preliminary studies in humans (with diabetic, IgA- and chronic allograft nephropathy) to reveal the role of TG2 in renal fibrosis. Mechanisms behind TG2 activation, TG2 externalization dependent on Syndecan-4 and interactions between TG and profibrotic molecules including transforming growth factor β and the angiotensin II receptor are discussed. Pharmacological TG2 inhibition shows antifibrotic effects in CKD. However, the translation of TG2 inhibition to treat CKD in patients is a challenge as clinical information is limited, and further studies on pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the individual compounds are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ulf Simonsen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Niels Henrik Buus
- Institute of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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9
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Pinilla E, Comerma-Steffensen S, Prat-Duran J, Rivera L, Matchkov VV, Buus NH, Simonsen U. Transglutaminase 2 Inhibitor LDN 27219 Age-Dependently Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Resistance Arteries. Hypertension 2020; 77:216-227. [PMID: 33249864 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an enzyme which in the open conformation exerts transamidase activity, leading to protein cross-linking and fibrosis. In the closed conformation, TG2 participates in transmembrane signaling as a G protein. The unspecific transglutaminase inhibitor cystamine causes vasorelaxation in rat resistance arteries. However, the role of TG2 conformation in vascular function is unknown. We investigated the vascular effects of selective TG2 inhibitors by myography in isolated rat mesenteric and human subcutaneous resistance arteries, patch-clamp studies on vascular smooth muscle cells, and blood pressure measurements in rats and mice. LDN 27219 promoted the closed TG2 conformation and inhibited transamidase activity in mesenteric arteries. In contrast to TG2 inhibitors promoting the open conformation (Z-DON, VA5), LDN 27219 concentration-dependently relaxed rat and resistance human arteries by a mechanism dependent on nitric oxide, large-conductance calcium-activated and voltage-gated potassium channels 7, lowering blood pressure. LDN 27219 also potentiated acetylcholine-induced relaxation by opening potassium channels in the smooth muscle; these effects were abolished by membrane-permeable TG2 inhibitors promoting the open conformation. In isolated arteries from 35- to 40-week-old rats, transamidase activity was increased, and LDN 27219 improved acetylcholine-induced relaxation more than in younger rats. Infusion of LDN 27219 decreased blood pressure more effectively in 35- to 40-week than 12- to 14-week-old anesthetized rats. In summary, pharmacological modulation of TG2 to the closed conformation age-dependently lowers blood pressure and, by opening potassium channels, potentiates endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Our findings suggest that promoting the closed conformation of TG2 is a potential strategy to treat age-related vascular dysfunction and lowers blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estéfano Pinilla
- From the Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark (E.P., S.C.-S., J.P.-D., V.M., N.H.B., U.S.).,Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain (E.P., L.R.)
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- From the Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark (E.P., S.C.-S., J.P.-D., V.M., N.H.B., U.S.).,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Central University of Venezuela (S.C.-S.)
| | - Judit Prat-Duran
- From the Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark (E.P., S.C.-S., J.P.-D., V.M., N.H.B., U.S.)
| | - Luis Rivera
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain (E.P., L.R.)
| | - Vladimir V Matchkov
- From the Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark (E.P., S.C.-S., J.P.-D., V.M., N.H.B., U.S.)
| | - Niels Henrik Buus
- From the Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark (E.P., S.C.-S., J.P.-D., V.M., N.H.B., U.S.).,Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (N.H.B.)
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- From the Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark (E.P., S.C.-S., J.P.-D., V.M., N.H.B., U.S.)
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10
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Lubomirov LT, Gagov H, Schroeter MM, Wiesner RJ, Franko A. Augmented contractility of murine femoral arteries in a streptozotocin diabetes model is related to increased phosphorylation of MYPT1. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e13975. [PMID: 30740930 PMCID: PMC6369311 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with high prevalence, and a major risk factor for macro- and microvascular abnormalities. This study was undertaken to explore the mechanisms of hypercontractility of murine femoral arteries (FA) obtained from mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and its relation to the phosphorylation profile of the myosin phosphatase target subunit 1, MYPT1. The immunoreactivity of MYPT1 toward phospho-MYPT1-T696, MYPT1-T853, or MYPT1-S695, used as a read out for MYPT1 phosphorylation, has been studied by Western Blotting. Contractile activity of FA from control and STZ mice has been studied by wire myography. At basal conditions (no treatment), the immunoreactivity of MYPT1-T696/T853 was ~2-fold higher in the STZ arteries compared with controls. No changes in MYPT1-T696/853 phosphorylation were observed after stimulation with the Thromboxan-A2 analog, U46619. Neither basal nor U46619-stimulated phosphorylation of MYPT1 at S695 was affected by STZ treatment. Mechanical distensibility and basal tone of FA obtained from STZ animals were similar to controls. Maximal force after treatment of FA with the contractile agonists phenylephrine (10 μmol/L) or U46619 (1 μmol/L) was augmented in the arteries of STZ mice by ~2- and ~1.5-fold, respectively. In summary, our study suggests that development of a hypercontractile phenotype in murine FA in STZ diabetes is at least partially related to an increase in phosphorylation of MLCP at MYPT1-T696/853. Interestingly, the phosphorylation at S695 site was not altered in STZ-induced diabetes, supporting the view that S695 may serve as a sensor for mechanical activity which is not directly involved in tone regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hristo Gagov
- Faculty of BiologySofia University St. Kliment OhridskiSofiaBulgaria
| | | | - Rudolf J. Wiesner
- Institute of Vegetative PhysiologyUniversity of CologneKölnGermany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging‐Associated Diseases (CECAD)KölnGermany
| | - Andras Franko
- Institute of Vegetative PhysiologyUniversity of CologneKölnGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)NeuherbergGermany
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine IVDiabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical ChemistryUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
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11
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Silvester JA, Faucher EA, McCarty CE, Kalansky A, Hintze ZJ, Mitchell PD, Goldsmith JD, Weir DC, Leichtner AM. Red Spot Lesions in the Duodenal Bulb Are a Highly Specific Endoscopic Sign of Celiac Disease: A Prospective Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 68:251-255. [PMID: 30247425 PMCID: PMC6344298 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We have recognized red spot lesions (RSLs) in the duodenal bulb in children with celiac disease (CD) and believe they may represent an underappreciated and distinct endoscopic sign of CD. A total of 171 pediatric patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy with duodenal biopsy for symptoms consistent with CD were prospectively recruited. There were 75 patients who met criteria for CD and the remaining 96 patients served as symptomatic controls. As compared to endoscopic markers frequently mentioned in literature, RSLs had comparable sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 31%, 94%, 80%, and 64%, respectively. If RSLs are noted during endoscopy in a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms that might be the result of CD, then sufficient duodenal biopsies to make the diagnosis of CD should be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn A. Silvester
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB, CA
| | | | | | - Adie Kalansky
- Department of Internal Medicine; The Jewish Hospital of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Zackary J. Hintze
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paul D. Mitchell
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research; Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Dascha C. Weir
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Alan M. Leichtner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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12
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Wang HM, Liu WZ, Tang FT, Sui HJ, Zhan XJ, Wang HX. Cystamine slows but not inverses the progression of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:783-789. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) plays an important role in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previous research indicate that TG2 and protein serotonylation catalyzed by TG2 are upregulated in PAH. Serotonin transporter inhibitor fluoxetine ameliorates PAH via inhibition of protein serotonylation. It is still unknown whether PAH is inhibited through direct inhibition of TG2. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of TG2 inhibitor cystamine on monocrotaline-induced PAH in rats. Rats were treated with monocrotaline (60 mg·kg−1, i.p.) in combination with or without cystamine (20, 40 mg·kg−1·day−1, p.o.). The results showed that compared with monocrotaline alone, combination of monocrotaline with cystamine (40 mg·kg−1·day−1, p.o.) relieved right ventricle hypertrophy, inhibited pulmonary arteriolar remodeling, and downregulated protein expression of TG2, phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt), and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) at day 21. However, except for TG2 expression, these changes were not significantly inhibited by cystamine at day 35. In addition, cystamine dose-dependently enhanced the survival rate of rats injected with monocrotaline at day 35. The findings suggest that cystamine slows but not reverses monocrotaline-induced PAH in rats, which was largely associated with the inhibition of TG2 protein expression and Akt and ERK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Wan-Zhu Liu
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Fu-Tian Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Hai-Juan Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Xing-Jie Zhan
- Grade 2012 Clinical Class 6, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Hong-Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
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13
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Almukhtar H, Garle M, Smith P, Roberts R. Effect of simvastatin on vascular tone in porcine coronary artery: Potential role of the mitochondria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:176-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Engholm M, Pinilla E, Mogensen S, Matchkov V, Hedegaard ER, Chen H, Mulvany MJ, Simonsen U. Involvement of transglutaminase 2 and voltage-gated potassium channels in cystamine vasodilatation in rat mesenteric small arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:839-55. [PMID: 26603619 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vasodilatation may contribute to the neuroprotective and vascular anti-remodelling effect of the tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) inhibitor cystamine. Here, we hypothesized that inhibition of TG2 followed by blockade of smooth muscle calcium entry and/or inhibition of Rho kinase underlies cystamine vasodilatation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used rat mesenteric small arteries and RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and measurements of isometric wall tension, intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i ), K(+) currents (patch clamp), and phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) and myosin regulatory light chain, in our experiments. KEY RESULTS RT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed expression of TG2 in mesenteric small arteries. Cystamine concentration-dependently inhibited responses to phenylephrine, 5-HT and U46619 and for extracellular potassium. Selective inhibitors of TG2, LDN 27129 and T101, also inhibited phenylephrine contraction. An inhibitor of PLC suppressed cystamine relaxation. Cystamine relaxed and reduced [Ca(2+)]i in phenylephrine-contracted arteries. In potassium-contracted arteries, cystamine induced less relaxation without changing [Ca(2+)]i , and these relaxations were blocked by mitochondrial complex inhibitors. Blockers of Kv 7 channels, XE991 and linopirdine, inhibited cystamine relaxation and increases in voltage-dependent smooth muscle currents. Cystamine and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 reduced basal MYPT1-Thr(855) phosphorylation, but only Y27632 reduced phenylephrine-induced increases in MYPT1-Thr(855) and myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Cystamine induced vasodilatation by inhibition of receptor-coupled TG2, leading to opening of Kv channels and reduction of intracellular calcium, and by activation of a pathway sensitive to inhibitors of the mitochondrial complexes I and III. Both pathways may contribute to the antihypertensive and neuroprotective effect of cystamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Engholm
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Estéfano Pinilla
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Susie Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Elise Røge Hedegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Michael J Mulvany
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
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