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Szabó K, Dékány B, Énzsöly A, Hajdú RI, Laurik-Feuerstein LK, Szabó A, Radovits T, Mátyás C, Oláh A, Kovács KA, Szél Á, Somfai GM, Lukáts Á. Possible retinotoxicity of long-term vardenafil treatment. Exp Eye Res 2024; 243:109890. [PMID: 38615833 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors - such as vardenafil - are used primarily for treating erectile dysfunction via increasing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels. Recent studies have also demonstrated their significant cardioprotective effects in several diseases, including diabetes, upon long-term, continuous application. However, PDE inhibitors are not specific for PDE5 and also inhibit the retinal isoform. A sustained rise in cGMP in photoreceptors is known to be toxic; therefore, we hypothesized that long-term vardenafil treatment might result in retinotoxicity. The hypothesis was tested in a clinically relevant animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Histological experiments were performed on lean and diabetic Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats. Half of the animals were treated with vardenafil for six months, and the retinal effects were evaluated. Vardenafil treatment alleviated rod outer segment degeneration but decreased rod numbers in some positions and induced changes in the interphotoreceptor matrix, even in control animals. Vardenafil treatment decreased total retinal thickness in the control and diabetic groups and reduced the number of nuclei in the outer nuclear layer. Müller cell activation was detectable even in the vardenafil-treated control animals, and vardenafil did not improve gliosis in the diabetic group. Vardenafil-treated animals showed complex retinal alterations with improvements in some parameters while deterioration in others. Our results point towards the retinotoxicity of vardenafil, even without diabetes, which raises doubts about the retinal safety of long-term continuous vardenafil administration. This effect needs to be considered when approving PDE inhibitors for alternative indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szabó
- Institute of Education and Psychology at Szombathely, Faculty of Education and Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Szombathely, Hungary; Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bulcsú Dékány
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Énzsöly
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rozina Ida Hajdú
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Arnold Szabó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Mátyás
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián András Kovács
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Translational Retina Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágoston Szél
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Márk Somfai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Spross Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Ophthalmology, Stadtspital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ákos Lukáts
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Translational Medicine, Translational Retina Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Abolfazli S, Mortazavi P, Kheirandish A, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Regulatory effects of curcumin on nitric oxide signaling in the cardiovascular system. Nitric Oxide 2024; 143:16-28. [PMID: 38141926 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The continuously rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally substantially impacts the economic growth of developing countries. Indeed, one of the leading causes of death worldwide is unfavorable cardiovascular events. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) generation is the pathogenic foundation of endothelial dysfunction, which is regarded as the first stage in the development of a number of CVDs. Nitric oxide exerts an array of biological effects, including vasodilation, the suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and the functional control of cardiac cells. Numerous treatment strategies aim to increase NO synthesis or upregulate downstream NO signaling pathways. The major component of Curcuma longa, curcumin, has long been utilized in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses, especially CVDs. Curcumin improves CV function as well as having important pleiotropic effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, through its ability to increase the bioavailability of NO and to positively impact NO-related signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the scientific literature relating to curcumin's positive effects on NO signaling and vascular endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Abolfazli
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Parham Mortazavi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Kheirandish
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, PO Box, 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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ElHady AK, El-Gamil DS, Abdel-Halim M, Abadi AH. Advancements in Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors: Unveiling Present and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1266. [PMID: 37765073 PMCID: PMC10536424 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors presented themselves as important players in the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway, thus exerting a profound impact on various physiological and pathological processes. Beyond their well-known efficacy in treating male erectile dysfunction (ED) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a plethora of studies have unveiled their significance in the treatment of a myriad of other diseases, including cognitive functions, heart failure, multiple drug resistance in cancer therapy, immune diseases, systemic sclerosis and others. This comprehensive review aims to provide an updated assessment of the crucial role played by PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) as disease-modifying agents taking their limiting side effects into consideration. From a medicinal chemistry and drug discovery perspective, the published PDE5-Is over the last 10 years and their binding characteristics are systemically discussed, and advancement in properties is exposed. A persistent challenge encountered with these agents lies in their limited isozyme selectivity; considering this obstacle, this review also highlights the breakthrough development of the recently reported PDE5 allosteric inhibitors, which exhibit an unparalleled level of selectivity that was rarely achievable by competitive inhibitors. The implications and potential impact of these novel allosteric inhibitors are meticulously explored. Additionally, the concept of multi-targeted ligands is critically evaluated in relation to PDE5-Is by inspecting the broader spectrum of their molecular interactions and effects. The objective of this review is to provide insight into the design of potent, selective PDE5-Is and an overview of their biological function, limitations, challenges, therapeutic potentials, undergoing clinical trials, future prospects and emerging uses, thus guiding upcoming endeavors in both academia and industry within this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K. ElHady
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11865, Egypt;
| | - Dalia S. El-Gamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo 12451, Egypt;
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt;
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Frank J. Biologika bei Genodermatosen - Neue Indikationsgebiete für etablierte pharmakologische Wirkstoffe? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:1-2. [PMID: 36721931 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14995_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ding Y, Wei Z, Li J, Zhu L. Effects of Metoprolol Succinate Combined with Entresto on Cardiac Function Indexes and Coagulation Function in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9765884. [PMID: 35637842 PMCID: PMC9148243 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9765884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of metoprolol succinate combined with Entresto (Sacubitril Valsartan Sodium Tablets) on cardiac function and coagulation function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods About 120 patients with CHF treated from April 2018 to April 2021 were enrolled in our hospital. The patients were arbitrarily assigned into control group and study group. The control group was cured with metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets, and the study group was cured with metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablets combined with Entresto. The curative effect, cardiac function, vascular endothelial function, oxidative stress, and coagulation function were compared. Results First of all, we compared the general data, and there exhibited no difference in age, sex, course of disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and other general data (P > 0.05). Second, we compared the clinical efficacy. The effective rate of the study group (98.33%) was higher (90.00%) (P < 0.05). There exhibited no significant difference in cardiac function indexes before treatment, but after treatment, LVEF increased, LVESD and LVEDD decreased, LVESD and LVEDD in the study group were lower, and LVEF in the study group was higher (P < 0.05). Before treatment, there exhibited no significant difference in vascular endothelial function. However, the levels of CGRP and ET increased and the level of NO decreased, and the level of NO in the study group was lower, while the levels of CGRP and ET in the study group were higher after treatment (P < 0.05). There exhibited no significant difference in oxidative stress indexes before treatment, however, the levels of GSH-Px and SOD increased and the levels of MDA decreased after treatment, while the level of MDA in the study group was lower, while the levels of GSH-Px and SOD in the study group were higher (P < 0.05). Finally, we compared the indexes of blood coagulation function. There exhibited no significant difference before treatment, but after treatment, the levels of APTT, PT, and FIB decreased, and the levels of APTT, PT, and FIB in the study group were lower (P < 0.05). Conclusion Clinical practice demonstrated that LVESD and LVEDD decreased and LVEF increased after treatment with Entresto combined with metoprolol in CHF patients, which can effectively facilitate cardiac function and vascular endothelial function, reduce oxidative stress reaction, and improve blood coagulation indexes, suggesting that Entresto combined with metoprolol can improve ventricular remodeling with good safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- Hubei Province Huangshi Puren Hospital Cardiovascular Medicine, 435002, China
| | - Zufa Wei
- Hubei Province Huangshi Puren Hospital Cardiovascular Medicine, 435002, China
| | - Jian Li
- Hubei Province Huangshi Puren Hospital Cardiovascular Medicine, 435002, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Audit Office of Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China
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Thapa K, Singh TG, Kaur A. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibition as a potential therapeutic target in renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Life Sci 2021; 282:119843. [PMID: 34298037 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) occurs in renal artery stenosis, partial nephrectomy and most commonly during kidney transplantation. It brings serious consequences such as DGF (Delayed Graft Function) or organ dysfunction leading to renal failure and ultimate death. There is no effective therapy to handle the consequences of Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP are the important second messengers that stimulate intracellular signal transduction for cell survival in response to growth factors and peptide hormones in normal tissues and in kidneys plays significant role that involves vascular tone regulation, inflammation and proliferation of parenchymal cells. Renal ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury stimulate signal transduction pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, alteration in renal blood flow leading to necrosis and apoptosis of renal cell. MATERIALS AND METHODS An extensive literature review of various search engines like PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out. To understand the functioning of Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and its pharmacological modulation in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. KEY FINDINGS Current therapeutic options may not be enough to treat renal I/R injury in group of patients and therefore, the current review has discussed the general characteristics and physiology of PDEs and preclinical-studies defining the relationship between PDEs expression in renal injury due to I/R and its outcome on renal function. SIGNIFICANCE The role of PDE inhibitors in renal I/R injury and the clinical status of drugs for various renal diseases have been summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India; School of Pharmacy, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, 140401 Punjab, India
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Poitras EL, Gust SL, Kerr PM, Plane F. Repurposing of the PDE5 Inhibitor Sildenafil for the Treatment of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension in Neonates. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2418-2437. [PMID: 32964819 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200923151924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an important endogenous signaling molecule released from vascular endothelial cells and nerves, activates the enzyme soluble guanylate cyclase to catalyze the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from guanosine triphosphate. cGMP, in turn, activates protein kinase G to phosphorylate a range of effector proteins in smooth muscle cells that reduce intracellular Ca2+ levels to inhibit both contractility and proliferation. The enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) curtails the actions of cGMP by hydrolyzing it into inactive 5'-GMP. Small molecule PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5is), such as sildenafil, prolong the availability of cGMP and therefore, enhance NO-mediated signaling. PDE5is are the first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction but are also now approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adults. Persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates (PPHN) is currently treated with inhaled NO, but this is an expensive option and around 1/3 of newborns are unresponsive, resulting in the need for alternative approaches. Here the development, chemistry and pharmacology of PDE5is, the use of sildenafil for erectile dysfunction and PAH, are summarized and then current evidence for the utility of further repurposing of sildenafil, as a treatment for PPHN, is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L Poitras
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Stephen L Gust
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paul M Kerr
- Faculty of Nursing, Robbins Health Learning Centre, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta T5J 4S2, Canada
| | - Frances Plane
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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Escudero DS, Brea MS, Caldiz CI, Amarillo ME, Aranda JO, Portiansky EL, Pérez NG, Díaz RG. PDE5 inhibition improves cardiac morphology and function in SHR by reducing NHE1 activity: Repurposing Sildenafil for the treatment of hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173724. [PMID: 33152335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that an increased cGMP-activated protein Kinase (PKG) activity after phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibition by Sildenafil (SIL), leads to myocardial Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) inhibition preserving its basal homeostatic function. Since NHE1 is hyperactive in the hypertrophied myocardium of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), while its inhibition was shown to prevent and revert this pathology, the current study was aimed to evaluate the potential antihypertrophic effect of SIL on adult SHR myocardium. We initially tested the inhibitory capability of SIL on NHE1 in isolated cardiomyocytes of SHR by comparing H+ efflux during the recovery from an acid load. After confirmed that effect, eight-month-old SHR were chronically treated for one month with SIL through drinking water. Compared to their littermate controls, SIL-treated rats presented a decreased NHE1 activity, which correlated with a reduction in its phosphorylation level assigned to activation of a PKG-p38 MAP kinase-PP2A signaling pathway. Moreover, treated animals showed a decreased oxidative stress that appears to be a consequence of a decreased mitochondrial NHE1 phosphorylation. Treated SHR showed a significant reduction in the pro-hypertrophic phosphatase calcineurin, despite slight tendency to decrease hypertrophy was detected. When SIL treatment was prolonged to three months, a significant decrease in myocardial hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis that correlated with a lower myocardial stiffness was observed. In conclusion, the current study provides evidence concerning the ability of SIL to revert established cardiac hypertrophy in SHR, a clinically relevant animal model that resembles human essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana S Escudero
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María S Brea
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia I Caldiz
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María E Amarillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Jorge O Aranda
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Enrique L Portiansky
- Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina
| | - Néstor G Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Romina G Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 60 y 120, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases comprise an 11-member superfamily yielding near 100 isoform variants that hydrolyze cAMP or cGMP to their respective 5'-monophosphate form. Each plays a role in compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling, with varying selectivity for each substrate, and conveying cell and intracellular-specific localized control. This review focuses on the 5 phosphodiesterases (PDEs) expressed in the cardiac myocyte capable of hydrolyzing cGMP and that have been shown to play a role in cardiac physiological and pathological processes. PDE1, PDE2, and PDE3 catabolize cAMP as well, whereas PDE5 and PDE9 are cGMP selective. PDE3 and PDE5 are already in clinical use, the former for heart failure, and PDE1, PDE9, and PDE5 are all being actively studied for this indication in patients. Research in just the past few years has revealed many novel cardiac influences of each isoform, expanding the therapeutic potential from their selective pharmacological blockade or in some instances, activation. PDE1C inhibition was found to confer cell survival protection and enhance cardiac contractility, whereas PDE2 inhibition or activation induces beneficial effects in hypertrophied or failing hearts, respectively. PDE3 inhibition is already clinically used to treat acute decompensated heart failure, although toxicity has precluded its long-term use. However, newer approaches including isoform-specific allosteric modulation may change this. Finally, inhibition of PDE5A and PDE9A counter pathological remodeling of the heart and are both being pursued in clinical trials. Here, we discuss recent research advances in each of these PDEs, their impact on the myocardium, and cardiac therapeutic potential.
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Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5): Structure-function regulation and therapeutic applications of inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111128. [PMID: 33348311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is one of the most well-studied phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that specifically targets cGMP typically generated by nitric oxide (NO)-mediated activation of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Given the crucial role of cGMP generated through the activation of this cellular signaling pathway in a variety of physiologically processes, pharmacological inhibition of PDE5 has been demonstrated to have several therapeutic applications including erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. While they are designed to inhibit PDE5, the inhibitors show different affinities and specificities against all PDE subtypes. Additionally, they have been shown to induce allosteric structural changes in the protein. These are mostly attributed to their chemical structure and, therefore, binding interactions with PDE catalytic domains. Therefore, understanding how these inhibitors interact with PDE5 and the structural basis of their selectivity is critically important for the design of novel, highly selective PDE5 inhibitors. Here, we review the structure of PDE5, how its function is regulated, and discuss the clinically available inhibitors that target phosphodiesterase 5, aiming to better understand the structural bases of their affinity and specificity. We also discuss the therapeutic indications of these inhibitors and the potential of repurposing for a wider range of clinical applications.
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Facio Junior FN, Querichelli AFA, Santos BDR, Arruda GJFD, Spessoto LCF. Do phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors have a cardioprotective effect? Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2020; 66:1464-1465. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.11.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Rout A, Tantry US, Novakovic M, Sukhi A, Gurbel PA. Targeted pharmacotherapy for ischemia reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1851-1865. [PMID: 32659185 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1787987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Achieving reperfusion immediately after acute myocardial infarction improves outcomes; despite this, patients remain at a high risk for mortality and morbidity at least for the first year after the event. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has a complex pathophysiology and plays an important role in myocardial tissue injury, repair, and remodeling. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss the various mechanisms and their pharmacological agents currently available for reducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). They review important original investigations and trials in various clinical databases for treatments targeting IRI. EXPERT OPINION Encouraging results observed in many preclinical studies failed to show similar success in attenuating myocardial IRI in large-scale clinical trials. Identification of critical risk factors for IRI and targeting them individually rather than one size fits all approach should be the major focus of future research. Various newer therapies like tocilizumab, anakinra, colchicine, revacept, and therapies targeting the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway, survivor activating factor enhancement, mitochondrial pathways, and angiopoietin-like peptide 4 hold promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Rout
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Lifebridge Health , Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Udaya S Tantry
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Lifebridge Health , Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marko Novakovic
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Lifebridge Health , Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ajaypaul Sukhi
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Lifebridge Health , Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul A Gurbel
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Lifebridge Health , Baltimore, MD, USA
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Barberio M, Felli E, Diana M, Marescaux J, Al-Taher M, Georg I, Tetsi L, Lejay A, Charles AL, Lugnier C, Geny B. Hyperspectral Imaging Quantification of Mouse Limb Microcirculation Using an Ischemia Reperfusion Model with Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Preconditioning. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2020; 30:942-947. [PMID: 32609046 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2020.0364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral arterial disease has high incidence and complication rates. Vessel recanalization represents the main therapy. However, it induces reperfusion injury. Preconditioning with sildenafil has been advocated to protect against this injury. In this study, we show a real-time noninvasive quantitative assessment using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and analyzing the sildenafil effect. Materials and Methods: A one-sided hindlimb ischemia (120 minutes) followed by reperfusion (30 minutes) was created. Five mice received Sildenafil (1 mg/kg, i.p. twice before ischemia) and 5 mice served as control. The StO2 at T0, 5, 30, 60, 120 minutes after ischemia (T5, 30, 60, 120) and 5, 15, and 30 minutes after reperfusion (T125, 135, 150) were measured through HSI. Results: The control group showed a significantly lower StO2 at T120 (24.8% ± 17%) as compared with T0 (53.3% ± 7.04%) (P = .013) and T150 (76.8 ± 3.77; P = .0008). T150 showed a statistically significantly higher StO2 than T0 (P = .0134). In the sildenafil group, T120 StO2 (28.6% ± 20%) was lower than T0 (63.3% ± 8.46%; P = .0312) and T150 (73.3% ± 19.1%, P = .0075). The StO2 values did not differ statistically between sildenafil and control groups. Conclusions: HSI is a feasible tool to quantify both ischemia and reperfusion phases during lower limb IR. Preconditioning with sildenafil did not modify IR-related StO2 changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Barberio
- Research Department, IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France.,Research Department, IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, Strasbourg, France.,Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Unité de Recherche 3072, "Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Institut de Physiologie, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eric Felli
- Research Department, IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France.,Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Unité de Recherche 3072, "Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Institut de Physiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michele Diana
- Research Department, IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France.,Research Department, IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, Strasbourg, France.,Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Unité de Recherche 3072, "Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Institut de Physiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- Research Department, IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France.,Research Department, IRCAD, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mahdi Al-Taher
- Research Department, IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Georg
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Unité de Recherche 3072, "Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Institut de Physiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Liliane Tetsi
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Unité de Recherche 3072, "Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Institut de Physiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne Lejay
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Unité de Recherche 3072, "Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Institut de Physiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Unité de Recherche 3072, "Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Institut de Physiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Lugnier
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Unité de Recherche 3072, "Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Institut de Physiologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Geny
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Unité de Recherche 3072, "Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire", Institut de Physiologie, Strasbourg, France
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14
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Gelosa P, Castiglioni L, Camera M, Sironi L. Drug repurposing in cardiovascular diseases: Opportunity or hopeless dream? Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Drug repositioning is a strategy that identifies new uses of approved drugs to treat conditions different from their original purpose. With the advance of COVID-19 and the pandemic declaration; It has become the closest alternative to reduce the advance of the virus. Antimalarial, antiviral drugs, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, monoclonal antibodies, among others, are being studied; their findings, although preliminary, could establish a starting point in the search for a solution. In this review, we present a selection of drugs, of different classes and with potential activity against COVID-19, whose trials are ongoing; and as proofs of concept, double blind, add-on event-driven, would allow proposing research that generates results in less time and preserving quality criteria for drug development and approval by regulatory agencies.
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16
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Xu Z, Jia L, Liu W, Li W, Song Y, Zheng QH. Radiosynthesis of a carbon-11 labeled PDE5 inhibitor [ 11C]TPN171 as a new potential PET heart imaging agent. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 162:109190. [PMID: 32501230 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To develop PET tracers for imaging of heart disease, a new carbon-11 labeled potent and selective PDE5 inhibitor [11C]TPN171 ([11C]9) has been synthesized. The reference standard TPN171 (9) and its corresponding precursor desmethyl-TPN171 (11) were synthesized from methyl 3-oxovalerate and 2-hydroxybenzonitrile in 9 and 10 steps with 31% and 25% overall chemical yield, respectively. The radiotracer [11C]TPN171 was prepared from desmethyl-TPN171 with [11C]CH3OTf through N-11C-methylation and isolated by HPLC purification followed by SPE formulation in 45-55% radiochemical yield, based on [11C]CO2 and decay corrected to EOB. The radiochemical purity was >99%, and the molar activity (Am) at EOB was in a range of 370-740 GBq/μmol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Xu
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Medicine of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Limeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- College of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Medicine of Hebei Province, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050018, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, 071002, China
| | - Ying Song
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hebei College of Industry & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050000, China.
| | - Qi-Huang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1345 West, 16th Street, Room 208, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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17
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Teixeira LC, Fujiki RTM, Souza CVCPD, Souza CMD, Mismetti MM, Artigiane-Neto R, Montero EFDS, Martins JL. Oxidative stress assessment in intestine of newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation with tadalafil. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900407. [PMID: 31038585 PMCID: PMC6583938 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190040000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the functional and structural response of tadalafil effects in the intestinal mucosa, using an experimental model of hypoxia and reoxygenation injury in rats. Methods: The animals were divided into 4 groups: CTL, H/R, H/R+Td and M+Td. The newborn rats allocated in groups H/R, H/R+Td and M+Td were submitted twice a day, to a gas chamber with CO2 at 100% for 10 minutes and afterward reoxygenation with O2 at 98% for 10 minutes, in the three first days of life. Tadalafil dose was given to newborn of group H/R+Td and to the pregnant rat of group M+Td. Histological analysis was made with hematoxylin-eosin technique and oxidative stress through nitrite and nitrate levels and lipid peroxidation. Results: The histological analysis showed a reduction of mucosa alterations in the groups that received tadalafil. In the oxidative stress evaluation, occurred an increase of NO levels and less lipidic peroxidation in the ileum segments that received tadalafil. Conclusion: Tadalafil provides tissue protection when administered independently to both, pregnant or newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cristina Teixeira
- Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Surgical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. Technical procedures; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript preparation
| | - Renato Toshio Murashita Fujiki
- Graduate student, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript preparation
| | | | - Camila Mendes de Souza
- Graduate student, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript preparation
| | - Maysa Moreira Mismetti
- Graduate student, Faculdade de Medicina Santa Marcelina, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Technical procedures; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript preparation
| | - Ricardo Artigiane-Neto
- Associate Professor, Head, Department of Pathology, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Histopathological examinations, critical revision, final approval
| | - Edna Frasson de Souza Montero
- Associate Professor, Surgical Gastroenterology Division, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, critical revision, final approval
| | - José Luiz Martins
- Full Professor, Pediatric Surgery Division, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; critical revision; final approval
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18
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Tetsi L, Charles AL, Georg I, Goupilleau F, Lejay A, Talha S, Maumy-Bertrand M, Lugnier C, Geny B. Effect of the Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitor Sildenafil on Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8040093. [PMID: 30959961 PMCID: PMC6523910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower-limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) is frequent and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors demonstrated antioxidant and beneficial effects in several organs submitted to IR, but their effects on muscle mitochondrial functions after lower-limb IR are unknown. Unilateral hindlimb IR (2 h tourniquet followed by 2 h reperfusion) without or with sildenafil (1mg/kg ip 30 minutes before ischemia) was performed in 18 mice. Maximal oxidative capacity (VMax), relative contribution of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, calcium retention capacity (CRC)—a marker of apoptosis—and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined using high-resolution respirometry, spectrofluorometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance in gastrocnemius muscles from both hindlimbs. IR significantly reduced mitochondrial VMax (from 11.79 ± 1.74 to 4.65 ± 1.11 pmol/s*mg wet weight (ww), p < 0.05, −50.2 ± 16.3%) and CRC (from 2.33 ± 0.41 to 0.84 ± 0.18 µmol/mg dry weight (dw), p < 0.05; −61.1 ± 6.8%). ROS tended to increase in the ischemic limb (+64.3 ± 31.9%, p = 0.08). Although tending to reduce IR-related ROS production (−42.4%), sildenafil failed to reduce muscle mitochondrial dysfunctions (−63.3 ± 9.2%, p < 0.001 and −55.2 ± 7.6% p < 0.01 for VMax, and CRC, respectively). In conclusion, lower limb IR impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, but, despite tending to reduce ROS production, pharmacological preconditioning with sildenafil did not show protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Tetsi
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, « Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire », Institut de Physiologie, 67000 CEDEX, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Charles
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, « Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire », Institut de Physiologie, 67000 CEDEX, France.
| | - Isabelle Georg
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, « Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire », Institut de Physiologie, 67000 CEDEX, France.
| | - Fabienne Goupilleau
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, « Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire », Institut de Physiologie, 67000 CEDEX, France.
| | - Anne Lejay
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, « Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire », Institut de Physiologie, 67000 CEDEX, France.
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Chirurgie vasculaire et de transplantation rénale, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Samy Talha
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, « Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire », Institut de Physiologie, 67000 CEDEX, France.
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Myriam Maumy-Bertrand
- IRMA, équipe MoCo et LabEx IRMIA, 7 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg CEDEX, France.
| | - Claire Lugnier
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, « Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire », Institut de Physiologie, 67000 CEDEX, France.
| | - Bernard Geny
- Unistra, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Equipe d'Accueil 3072, « Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire », Institut de Physiologie, 67000 CEDEX, France.
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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19
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Zhao X, Wang M, Li M, Wu N, Song D. Cardioprotective Effect of Isosorbide Dinitrate Postconditioning Against Rat Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury In Vivo. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1629-1636. [PMID: 30825410 PMCID: PMC6408869 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) postconditioning against rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and provided a theoretical basis for clinical application. MATERIAL AND METHODS We randomly divided 32 Wistar rats into 4 groups: sham group, I/R (ischemia/reperfusion) group, I-PostC group (with 3 cycles of 30 s reperfusion and 30 s reocclusion applied at the onset of reperfusion), and P-PostC group (nitrate postconditioning: isosorbide dinitrate (5mg/kg) was given 1 min before reperfusion). The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded for 40 min, followed by a 180-min reperfusion. Relevant indicators were tested. The LAD was occluded again, then we determined the myocardial infarct size. Paraffinized sections were prepared and TUNEL detection was performed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in ischemic sizes between different groups. Compared with the I/R group, the levels of cTnI and myocardial infarct size in the I-PostC group and P-PostC group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). However, there were no significant difference between the I-PostC group and P-PostC group. Compared with the sham-operated group, the levels of cTnI and MDA in the I/R group, I-PostC group, and P-PostC group were significantly increased (p<0.05) and the levels of SOD were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Compared with the I/R group, I-PostC and P-PostC decreased the level of MDA and increased the level of SOD (both P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS ISDN postconditioning induces a similar cardioprotective effect as I-PostC. The potential mechanisms of cardioprotection of ISDN postconditioning might be via improvement of myocardial antioxidant capacity and reduced generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Mengjuan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dalin Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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20
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Chang JF, Hsu JL, Sheng YH, Leu WJ, Yu CC, Chan SH, Chan ML, Hsu LC, Liu SP, Guh JH. Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors Sensitize Topoisomerase II Inhibitors in Killing Prostate Cancer Through PDE5-Independent Impairment of HR and NHEJ DNA Repair Systems. Front Oncol 2019; 8:681. [PMID: 30705876 PMCID: PMC6344441 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a significant target of clinical research. The use of DNA-damaging agents has a long history in cancer chemotherapy but is limited by their toxicities. The combination with a safer drug can be a strategy in reducing dosage and toxicity while increasing anticancer activity in CRPC treatment. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are used to treat erectile dysfunction through the selective inhibition of PDE5 that is responsible for cGMP degradation in the corpus cavernosum. Several studies have reported that PDE5 inhibitors display protective effect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The combinatory treatment of CRPC with doxorubicin and PDE5 inhibitors has been studied accordingly. The data demonstrated that sildenafil or vardenafil (two structure-related PDE5 inhibitors) but not tadalafil (structure-unrelated to sildenafil) sensitized doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in CRPC cells with deteriorating the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, including Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, and amplifying caspase activation. Homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair systems were inhibited in the apoptotic sensitization through detection of nuclear foci formation of Rad51 and DNA end-binding of Ku80. PDE5 knockdown to mimic the exposure to PDE5 inhibitors did not reproduce apoptotic sensitization, suggesting a PDE5-independent mechanism. Not only doxorubicin, sildenafil combined with other inhibitors of topoisomerase II but not topoisomerase I also triggered apoptotic sensitization. In conclusion, the data suggest that sildenafil and vardenafil induce PDE5-independent apoptotic sensitization to doxorubicin (or other topoisomerase II inhibitors) through impairment of both HR and NHEJ repair systems that are evident by a decrease of nuclear Rad51 levels and their foci formation in the nucleus, and an inhibition of Ku80 DNA end-binding capability. The combinatory treatment may enable an important strategy for anti-CRPC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Fan Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ling Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wohn-Jenn Leu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - She-Hung Chan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Chan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ching Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Jedwabny W, Dyguda-Kazimierowicz E. Revisiting the halogen bonding between phosphodiesterase type 5 and its inhibitors. J Mol Model 2019; 25:29. [PMID: 30613843 PMCID: PMC6321839 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated ligands are nowadays commonly designed in order to increase their potency against protein targets. Although novel computational methods of evaluating the affinity of such halogenated inhibitors have emerged, they still lack the sufficient accuracy, which is especially noticeable in the case of empirical scoring functions, being the method of choice in the drug design process. Here, we evaluated a series of halogenated inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 with ab initio methods, revealing the physical nature of ligand binding and determining the components of interaction energy that are essential for proper inhibitor ranking. In particular, a nonempirical scoring model combining long-range contributions to the interaction energy provided a significant correlation with experimental binding potency, outperforming a number of commonly used empirical scoring functions. Considering the low computational cost associated with remarkable predictive abilities of the aforementioned model, it could be used for rapid assessment of the ligand affinity in the process of rational design of novel halogenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Jedwabny
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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22
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Pobsuk N, Paracha TU, Chaichamnong N, Salaloy N, Suphakun P, Hannongbua S, Choowongkomon K, Pekthong D, Chootip K, Ingkaninan K, Gleeson MP. Design, synthesis and evaluation of N2,N4-diaminoquinazoline based inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:267-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Papapetropoulos A, Szabo C. Inventing new therapies without reinventing the wheel: the power of drug repurposing. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:165-167. [PMID: 29313889 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Papapetropoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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24
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Veres G, Hagenhoff M, Schmidt H, Radovits T, Loganathan S, Bai Y, Korkmaz-Icöz S, Brlecic P, Sayour AA, Karck M, Szabó G. Targeting Phosphodiesterase-5 by Vardenafil Improves Vascular Graft Function. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2018; 56:256-263. [PMID: 29724533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury occurs during vascular graft harvesting and implantation during vascular/cardiac surgery. Elevated intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels contribute to an effective endothelial protection in different pathophysiological conditions. The hypothesis that the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil would protect vascular grafts against IR injury by upregulating the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in the vessel wall of the bypass graft was investigated. METHODS Lewis rats (n = 6-7/group) were divided into Group 1, control; Group 2, donor rats received intravenous saline; Group 3, received intravenous vardenafil (30 μg/kg) 2 h before explantation. Whereas aortic arches of Group 1 were immediately mounted in an organ bath, aortic segments of Groups 2 and 3 were stored for 2 h in saline and transplanted into the abdominal aorta of the recipient. Two hours after transplantation, the implanted grafts were harvested. Endothelium dependent and independent vasorelaxations were investigated. TUNEL, CD-31, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, α-SMA, nitrotyrosine, dihydroethidium and cGMP immunochemistry were also performed. RESULTS Compared with the control, the saline group showed significantly attenuated endothelium dependent maximal relaxation (Rmax) 2 h after reperfusion, which was significantly improved by vardenafil supplementation (Rmax control, 91 ± 2%; saline 22 ± 2% vs. vardenafil 39 ± 4%, p < .001). Vardenafil pre-treatment significantly reduced DNA fragmentation (control 9 ± 1%, saline 66 ± 8% vs. vardenafil 13 ± 1%, p < .001), nitro-oxidative stress (control 0.8 ± 0.3, saline 7.6 ± 1.3 vs. vardenafil 3.8 ± 1, p = .036), reactive oxygen species level (vardenafil 36 ± 4, control 34 ± 2 vs. saline 43 ± 2, p = .049), prevented vascular smooth muscle cell damage (control 8.5 ± 0.7, saline 4.3 ± 0.6 vs. vardenafil 6.7 ± 0.6, p = .013), decreased ICAM-1 (control 4.1 ± 0.5, saline 7.0 ± 0.9 vs. vardenafil 4.4 ± 0.6, p = .031), and VCAM-1 score (control 4.4 ± 0.4, saline 7.3 ± 1.0 vs. vardenafil 5.2 ± 0.4, p = .046) and increased cGMP score in the aortic wall (control 11.2 ± 0.8, saline 6.5 ± 0.8 vs. vardenafil 8.9 ± 0.6, p = .016). The marker for endothelial integrity (CD-31) was also higher in the vardenafil group (control 74 ± 4%, saline 22 ± 2% vs. vardenafil 40 ± 3%, p = .008). CONCLUSIONS The results support the view that impairment of intracellular cGMP signalling plays a role in the pathogenesis of the endothelial dysfunction of an arterial graft after bypass surgery, which can effectively be prevented by vardenafil. Its clinical use as preconditioning drug could be a novel approach in vascular/cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Veres
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Hagenhoff
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Schmidt
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Yang Bai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paige Brlecic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Andersson KE. PDE5 inhibitors - pharmacology and clinical applications 20 years after sildenafil discovery. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2554-2565. [PMID: 29667180 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway was the basis for our understanding of many normal physiological functions and the pathophysiology of several diseases. Since the discovery and introduction of sildenafil, inhibitors of PDE5 have been the first-line therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED). The success of sildenafil in the treatment of ED stimulated research in the field of PDE5 inhibition and led to many new applications, such as treatment of lower urinary symptoms, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, which are now approved indications. However, PDE5 inhibitors have also been used in several other disorders not discussed in this review, and the fields of clinical use are increasing. In the present review, the pharmacological basis of the NO/cGMP pathway and the rationale and clinical use of PDE5 inhibitors in different diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-E Andersson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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26
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Korkmaz‐Icöz S, Radovits T, Szabó G. Targeting phosphodiesterase 5 as a therapeutic option against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and for treating heart failure. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:223-231. [PMID: 28213937 PMCID: PMC5758391 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) selectively hydrolyses the second messenger cGMP into 5'-GMP, thereby regulating its intracellular concentrations. Dysregulation of the cGMP-dependent pathway plays a significant role in various cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, its modulation by drugs, such as PDE5 inhibitors, may represent an effective therapeutic approach. There are currently four PDE5 inhibitors available for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: sildenafil, vardenafil, tadalafil and avanafil. Sildenafil and tadalafil have also received Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. This review summarizes the pharmacological aspects and clinical potential of PDE5 inhibition for the treatment of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Korkmaz‐Icöz
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular CentreSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
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27
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Biochemical targets of drugs mitigating oxidative stress via redox-independent mechanisms. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1225-1252. [PMID: 29101309 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute or chronic oxidative stress plays an important role in many pathologies. Two opposite approaches are typically used to prevent the damage induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), namely treatment either with antioxidants or with weak oxidants that up-regulate endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. This review discusses options for the third pharmacological approach, namely amelioration of oxidative stress by 'redox-inert' compounds, which do not inactivate RONS but either inhibit the basic mechanisms leading to their formation (i.e. inflammation) or help cells to cope with their toxic action. The present study describes biochemical targets of many drugs mitigating acute oxidative stress in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol overdose. In addition to the pro-inflammatory molecules, the targets of mitigating drugs include protein kinases and transcription factors involved in regulation of energy metabolism and cell life/death balance, proteins regulating mitochondrial permeability transition, proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and isoprenoid synthesis. The data may help in identification of oxidative stress mitigators that will be effective in human disease on top of the current standard of care.
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