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Piao C, Wang Y, Lu X, Liu T, Ma Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang H. Met-Exo attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by modulating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:430-442. [PMID: 38301977 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) results in significant postoperative liver dysfunction, and the intricate mechanism of IRI poses challenges in developing effective therapeutic drugs. Mitigating the damage caused by hepatic IRI and promoting the repair of postoperative liver injury have become focal points in recent years, holding crucial clinical significance. Adipose mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes (ADSCs-Exo) and metformin (Met) can play a mitochondrial protective role in the treatment of hepatic IRI, but whether there is a synergistic mechanism for their intervention is not yet known. Combining the unique advantages of exosomes as drug carriers, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of the constructed Met and ADSCs-Exo complex (Met-Exo) on the liver IRI combined with partial resection injury in rat and hypoxic reoxygenation injury of rat primary hepatocytes (HCs). In this study, firstly, we detected that mitochondrial morphology and function were severely affected in hepatic tissues after hepatic IRI combined with partial resection, and then verified by in vitro experiments that Met-Exo could promote mitochondrial biosynthesis and fusion-associated protein expression and inhibit mitochondrial fission-related protein expression by modulating the AMPK/SIRT1 signalling pathway. This indicates that ADSCs-Exo can not only play a targeting role as a drug carrier but also has a great potential to act as a vehicle to act synergistically with drugs in the treatment of tissue and organ damage, which provides a new therapeutic strategy and experimental basis for the treatment of liver injury in medical science and clinical veterinary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Piao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yuepeng Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China.
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Liang J, Wei X, Hou W, Wang H, Ma R, Gao Y, Du Y, Zhang Q. Liver metabolomics reveals potential mechanism of Jieduan-Niwan formula against acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) by improving mitochondrial damage and TCA cycle. Chin Med 2023; 18:157. [PMID: 38037150 PMCID: PMC10691013 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a refractory disease with high mortality, which is characterized by a pathophysiological process of inflammation-related dysfunction of energy metabolism. Jieduan-Niwan formula (JDNWF) is a eutherapeutic Chinese medicine formula for ACLF. However, the intrinsic mechanism of its anti-ACLF effect still need to be studied systematically. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of JDNWF against ACLF based on altered substance metabolic profile in ACLF the expression levels of related molecules. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical characteristics of JDNWF were characterized using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Wistar rats subjected to a long-term CCL4 stimulation followed by a combination of an acute attack with LPS/D-GalN were used to establish the ACLF model. Liver metabolites were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and multivariate analysis. Liver function, coagulation function, histopathology, mitochondrial metabolic enzyme activity and mitochondrial damage markers were evaluated. The protein expression of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) was investigated by western blot. RESULTS Liver function, coagulation function, inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial enzyme activity were significantly improved by JDNWF. 108 metabolites are considered as biomarkers of JDNWF in treating ACLF, which were closely related to TCA cycle. It was further suggested that JDNWF alleviated mitochondrial damage and MQC may be potential mechanism of JDNWF improving mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics revealed that TCA cycle was impaired in ACLF rats, and JDNWF had a regulatory effect on it. The potential mechanism may be improving the mitochondrial function through MQC pathway, thus restoring energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Weixin Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanjing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ruimin Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yuqiong Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Qiuyun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Wang L, Feng ZJ, Ma X, Li K, Li XY, Tang Y, Peng C. Mitochondrial quality control in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17702. [PMID: 37539120 PMCID: PMC10395149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon in which exacerbating damage of liver cells due to restoration of blood flow following ischemia during liver surgery, especially those involving liver transplantation. Mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles, are crucial for cell survival and apoptosis and have evolved a range of quality control mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the mitochondrial network in response to various stress conditions. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion leads to disruption of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, as evidenced by reduced mitochondrial autophagy, excessive division, reduced fusion, and inhibition of biogenesis. This leads to dysfunction of the mitochondrial network. The accumulation of damaged mitochondria ultimately results in apoptosis of hepatocytes due to the release of apoptotic proteins like cytochrome C. This worsens hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Currently, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury protection is being studied using different approaches such as drug pretreatment, stem cells and exosomes, genetic interventions, and mechanical reperfusion, all aimed at targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms. This paper aims to provide direction for future research on combating HIRI by reviewing the latest studies that focus on targeting mitochondrial quality control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiuSong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zan Jie Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Yao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Cijun Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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López-Vicario C, Sebastián D, Casulleras M, Duran-Güell M, Flores-Costa R, Aguilar F, Lozano JJ, Zhang IW, Titos E, Kang JX, Zorzano A, Arita M, Clària J. Essential lipid autacoids rewire mitochondrial energy efficiency in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2023; 77:1303-1318. [PMID: 35788956 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Injury to hepatocyte mitochondria is common in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated whether changes in the content of essential fatty acid-derived lipid autacoids affect hepatocyte mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolic efficiency. APPROACH AND RESULTS The study was performed in transgenic mice for the fat-1 gene, which allows the endogenous replacement of the membrane omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition by omega-3-PUFA. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that hepatocyte mitochondria of fat-1 mice had more abundant intact cristae and higher mitochondrial aspect ratio. Fat-1 mice had increased expression of oxidative phosphorylation complexes I and II and translocases of both inner (translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44) and outer (translocase of the outer membrane 20) mitochondrial membranes. Fat-1 mice also showed increased mitofusin-2 and reduced dynamin-like protein 1 phosphorylation, which mediate mitochondrial fusion and fission, respectively. Mitochondria of fat-1 mice exhibited enhanced oxygen consumption rate, fatty acid β-oxidation, and energy substrate utilization as determined by high-resolution respirometry, [1- 14 C]-oleate oxidation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride/dihydroflavine-adenine dinucleotide production, respectively. Untargeted lipidomics identified a rich hepatic omega-3-PUFA composition and a specific docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched lipid fingerprint in fat-1 mice. Targeted lipidomics uncovered a higher content of DHA-derived lipid autacoids, namely resolvin D1 and maresin 1, which rescued hepatocytes from TNFα-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and unblocked the tricarboxylic acid cycle flux and metabolic utilization of long-chain acyl-carnitines, amino acids, and carbohydrates. Importantly, fat-1 mice were protected against mitochondrial injury induced by obesogenic and fibrogenic insults. CONCLUSION Our data uncover the importance of a lipid membrane composition rich in DHA and its lipid autacoid derivatives to have optimal hepatic mitochondrial and metabolic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López-Vicario
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas , Barcelona , Spain
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure and Grifols Chair , Barcelona , Spain
| | - David Sebastián
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas , Madrid , Spain
| | - Mireia Casulleras
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure and Grifols Chair , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marta Duran-Güell
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure and Grifols Chair , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Roger Flores-Costa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure and Grifols Chair , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ferran Aguilar
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure and Grifols Chair , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ingrid W Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure and Grifols Chair , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Esther Titos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas , Barcelona , Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology , Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas , Madrid , Spain
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics , RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences , Yokohama , Japan
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism , Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Keio University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Joan Clària
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service , Hospital Clínic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas , Barcelona , Spain
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure and Grifols Chair , Barcelona , Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Machado IF, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. Preservation of Mitochondrial Health in Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030948. [PMID: 36979927 PMCID: PMC10046671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a major cause of the development of complications in different clinical settings such as liver resection and liver transplantation. Damage arising from LIRI is a major risk factor for early graft rejection and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality after surgery. Although the mechanisms leading to the injury of parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells are not yet fully understood, mitochondrial dysfunction is recognized as a hallmark of LIRI that exacerbates cellular injury. Mitochondria play a major role in glucose metabolism, energy production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, calcium homeostasis and cell death. The diverse roles of mitochondria make it essential to preserve mitochondrial health in order to maintain cellular activity and liver integrity during liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). A growing body of studies suggest that protecting mitochondria by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, fission/fusion and mitophagy during liver I/R ameliorates LIRI. Targeting mitochondria in conditions that exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, such as steatosis and aging, has been successful in decreasing their susceptibility to LIRI. Studying mitochondrial dysfunction will help understand the underlying mechanisms of cellular damage during LIRI which is important for the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes. In this review, we highlight the progress made in recent years regarding the role of mitochondria in liver I/R and discuss the impact of liver conditions on LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo F. Machado
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-240-700
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6
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Formyl peptide receptor 2 is an emerging modulator of inflammation in the liver. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:325-332. [PMID: 36750693 PMCID: PMC9981720 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), which are seven-membrane G-protein coupled receptors, recognize chemotactic signals to protect hosts from pathogenic infections and mediate inflammatory responses in the body. There are three isoforms of FPRs in humans-FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3-and they bind to N-formyl peptides, except FPR3, and to various endogenous agonists. Among FPR family members, FPR2 has a lower affinity for N-formyl peptides than FPR1 and binds with a wide range of endogenous or exogenous agonists. Thus, FPR2 is considered the most ambiguous member. Accumulating evidence has shown that FPR2 is involved in the host's defense against bacterial infection and inflammation in liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer, suggesting the pathophysiological relevance of FPR2 to the liver. However, FPR2 has been shown to promote or suppress inflammation, depending on the type of FPR2-expressing cell and FPR2-bound ligands in the liver. Therefore, it is important to understand FPR2's function per se and to elucidate the mechanism underlying immunomodulation initiated by ligand-activated FPR2 before suggesting FPR2 as a novel therapeutic agent for liver diseases. In this review, up-to-date knowledge of FPR2, with general information on the FPR family, is provided. We shed light on the dual action of FPR2 in the liver and discuss the hepatoprotective roles of FPR2 itself and FPR2 agonists in mediating anti-inflammatory responses.
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Hardesty JE, Warner JB, Song YL, Rouchka EC, McClain CJ, Warner DR, Kirpich IA. Resolvin D1 attenuated liver injury caused by chronic ethanol and acute LPS challenge in mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22705. [PMID: 36520060 PMCID: PMC9832974 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200778r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major health problem with limited effective treatment options. Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is a subset of severe ALD with a high rate of mortality due to infection, severe inflammation, and ultimately multi-organ failure. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to alleviate the human suffering associated with this condition. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) promotes the resolution of inflammation and regulates immune responses. The current study aimed to test the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of RvD1-mediated effects on liver injury and inflammation in an experimental animal model that mimics severe AH in humans. Our data demonstrated that mice treated with RvD1 had attenuated liver injury and inflammation caused by EtOH and LPS exposure by limiting hepatic neutrophil accumulation and decreasing hepatic levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, RvD1 treatment attenuated hepatic pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death, via downregulation of pyroptosis-related genes such as GTPase family member b10 and guanylate binding protein 2, and reducing cleavage of caspase 11 and gasdermin-D. In vitro experiments with primary mouse hepatocytes and bone marrow-derived macrophages confirmed the effectiveness of RvD1 in the attenuation of pyroptosis. In summary, our data demonstrated that RvD1 treatment provided beneficial effects against liver injury and inflammation in an experimental animal model recapitulating features of severe AH in humans. Our results suggest that RvD1 may be a novel adjunct strategy to traditional therapeutic options for AH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah E. Hardesty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ying L. Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Eric C. Rouchka
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Robley Rex Veterans Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Dennis R. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Irina A. Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- University of Louisville Alcohol Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- University of Louisville Hepatobiology & Toxicology Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Legaki AI, Moustakas II, Sikorska M, Papadopoulos G, Velliou RI, Chatzigeorgiou A. Hepatocyte Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics in Obesity-Related Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:126-143. [PMID: 35501558 PMCID: PMC9399061 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a considerable number of disorders, such as neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, including obesity-related insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo functional and structural adaptations to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell. Alterations in nutrient availability or cellular energy needs can modify their formation through biogenesis and the opposite processes of fission and fusion, the fragmentation, and connection of mitochondrial network areas respectively. Herein, we review and discuss the current literature on the significance of mitochondrial adaptations in obesity and metabolic dysregulation, emphasizing on the role of hepatocyte mitochondrial flexibility in obesity and NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics dysregulations to the emergence of NAFLD and its progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Most relevant data suggests that changes in liver mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics hold a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. During obesity and NAFLD, oxidative stress occurs due to the excessive production of ROS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, mitochondria become incompetent and uncoupled from respiratory chain activities, further promoting hepatic fat accumulation, while leading to liver inflammation, insulin resistance, and disease's deterioration. Elucidation of the mechanisms leading to dysfunctional mitochondrial activity of the hepatocytes during NAFLD is of predominant importance for the development of novel therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis I. Moustakas
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalina Sikorska
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rallia-Iliana Velliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Yang M, Song XQ, Han M, Liu H. The role of Resolvin D1 in liver diseases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2022; 160:106634. [PMID: 35292355 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a parenchymatous organ closely related to immunity, detoxification and metabolism of the three major nutrients. The inflammatory response is a protective mechanism of the body to eliminate harmful stimuli. However, continuous inflammatory stimulation leads to occurrence of many liver diseases and brings great social burden. Resolvin D1, a member of the specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators family, exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant stress, anti-fibrosis, anti-apoptotic, and anti-tumor effects by binding to ALX/FPR2 or GPR32. RvD1 plays an important role and has great therapeutic potential in liver diseases, which has been validated in multiple models of preclinical disease. This review will provide a detailed summary of the role of RvD1 in different liver diseases, including acute liver injury, liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer, so as to help people have a more comprehensive understanding of RvD1 and promote its further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xian-Qi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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10
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Su S, Jiang W, Wang X, Du S, Qi J, Jia Q, Song H. Resolvin D1 inhibits the proliferation of osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes through the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:149. [PMID: 35168589 PMCID: PMC8845241 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease characterized by cartilage degradation and structural destruction. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) derived from omega-3 fatty acids, has been preliminarily proven to show anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects in OA. However, the mechanisms of RvD1 in osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (OA-FLSs) need to be clarified. Methods Synovial and fibroblast-like synoviocytes were obtained from OA patients and healthy individuals. MTT and EdU assays were performed to determine cell cytotoxicity and proliferation. The protein expression levels of cyclin D1, cyclin B1, PCNA, p53, MMP-13, YAP, p-YAP, and LATS1 were detected by western blot analysis. The release levels of IL-1β were detected by ELISA. The cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the levels of YAP in OA-FLSs. Results RvD1 inhibited OA-FLS proliferation and reduced MMP-13 and IL-1β secretion in the concentrations of 20 nM and 200 nM. Furthermore, RvD1 induced G2 cell cycle arrest in OA-FLSs via the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway and promoted YAP phosphorylation. However, RvD1 had no effects on normal FLSs. Conclusions RvD1 inhibits OA-FLS proliferation by promoting YAP phosphorylation and protects chondrocytes by inhibiting the secretion of MMP-13 and IL-1β, providing an experimental basis for RvD1 treatment of OA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05095-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Su
- Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Sen Du
- Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhong Qi
- Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Qingwei Jia
- Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hongqiang Song
- Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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11
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Noncoding RNA Roles in Pharmacogenomic Responses to Aspirin: New Molecular Mechanisms for an Old Drug. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6830560. [PMID: 34926688 PMCID: PMC8677408 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6830560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin, as one of the most frequently prescribed drugs, can have therapeutic effects on different conditions such as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders and malignancies. The effects of this common cardiovascular drug are exerted through different molecular and cellular pathways. Altered noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression profiles during aspirin treatments indicate a close relationship between these regulatory molecules and aspirin effects through regulating gene expressions. A better understanding of the molecular networks contributing to aspirin efficacy would help optimize efficient therapies for this very popular drug. This review is aimed at discussing and highlighting the identified interactions between aspirin and ncRNAs and their targeting pathways and better understanding pharmacogenetic responses to aspirin.
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12
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Zhang IW, López-Vicario C, Duran-Güell M, Clària J. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Advanced Liver Disease: Emerging Concepts. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:772174. [PMID: 34888354 PMCID: PMC8650317 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.772174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are entrusted with the challenging task of providing energy through the generation of ATP, the universal cellular currency, thereby being highly flexible to different acute and chronic nutrient demands of the cell. The fact that mitochondrial diseases (genetic disorders caused by mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial genome) manifest through a remarkable clinical variation of symptoms in affected individuals underlines the far-reaching implications of mitochondrial dysfunction. The study of mitochondrial function in genetic or non-genetic diseases therefore requires a multi-angled approach. Taking into account that the liver is among the organs richest in mitochondria, it stands to reason that in the process of unravelling the pathogenesis of liver-related diseases, researchers give special focus to characterizing mitochondrial function. However, mitochondrial dysfunction is not a uniformly defined term. It can refer to a decline in energy production, increase in reactive oxygen species and so forth. Therefore, any study on mitochondrial dysfunction first needs to define the dysfunction to be investigated. Here, we review the alterations of mitochondrial function in liver cirrhosis with emphasis on acutely decompensated liver cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), the latter being a form of acute decompensation characterized by a generalized state of systemic hyperinflammation/immunosuppression and high mortality rate. The studies that we discuss were either carried out in liver tissue itself of these patients, or in circulating leukocytes, whose mitochondrial alterations might reflect tissue and organ mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, we present different methodological approaches that can be of utility to address the diverse aspects of hepatocyte and leukocyte mitochondrial function in liver disease. They include assays to measure metabolic fluxes using the comparatively novel Biolog’s MitoPlates in a 96-well format as well as assessment of mitochondrial respiration by high-resolution respirometry using Oroboros’ O2k-technology and Agilent Seahorse XF technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid W Zhang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina López-Vicario
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Duran-Güell
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Clària
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF Clif) and Grifols Chair, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Zhao Y, Ma T, Zhang Z, Chen X, Zhou C, Zhang L, Zou D. Resolvin D1 attenuates acid-induced DNA damage in esophageal epithelial cells and rat models of acid reflux. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174571. [PMID: 34656605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of resolvin D1 (RvD1) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the potential role of RvD1 in acid-induced DNA damage in esophageal epithelial cells, patients with refractory GERD and a rat model of acid reflux. Weak acid exposure induced longer comet tails, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, oxidative DNA damage and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in cells and RvD1 (0.1 μM) blocked all these effects. Mechanistic analyses showed that apart from ROS-reducing effects, RvD1 possessed a strong capacity to promote DNA damage repair, augmenting cell cycle checkpoint activity and DSB repair by modulating phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in cells. We also detected the surface expression of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a receptor for RvD1, in the esophageal epithelial cells, and inhibition of FPR2 abrogated the protective effects of RvD1 on cells. Furthermore, a positive correlation between RvD1 and PTEN was observed predominantly in the esophageal epithelium from patients with refractory GERD (r = 0.67, P < 0.05). Additionally, RvD1 administration upregulated PTEN, suppressed DNA DSBs and alleviated microscopic damage in the rat model of gastric reflux. FPR2 gene silencing abolished the therapeutic effects of RvD1 on the rat model. Taken together, RvD1 binding to FPR2 protects the esophageal epithelium from acid reflux-induced DNA damage via a mechanism involving the inhibition of ROS production and facilitation of DSB repair. These findings support RvD1 as a promising approach that may be valuable for the treatment of GERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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14
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Targeting PINK1 Using Natural Products for the Treatment of Human Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4045819. [PMID: 34751247 PMCID: PMC8572127 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4045819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PINK1, also known as PARK6, is a PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 that is encoded by nuclear genes. PINK1 is ubiquitously expressed and regulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in a range of cell types. The dysregulation of PINK1 is associated with the pathogenesis and development of mitochondrial-associated disorders. Many natural products could regulate PINK1 to relieve PINK1-associated diseases. Here, we review the structure and function of PINK1, its relationship to human diseases, and the regulation of natural products to PINK1. We further highlight that the discovery of natural PINK1 regulators represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of PINK1-related diseases, including liver and heart diseases, cancer, and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, investigating PINK1 regulation of natural products can enhance the in-depth comprehension of the mechanism of action of natural products.
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15
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Zhang Q, Piao C, Ma H, Xu J, Wang Y, Liu T, Liu G, Wang H. Exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate liver ischaemia reperfusion injury subsequent to hepatectomy in rats by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10152-10163. [PMID: 34609057 PMCID: PMC8572784 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a major factor leading to liver dysfunction after liver resection and liver transplantation. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) have potential therapeutic effects on HIRI. Exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSCs-exo) have been widely studied as an alternative of ADSCs therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effect and related mechanism of ADSCs-exo on HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: Sham, I30R+PH, ADSCs and ADSCs-exo group. After 24 h of reperfusion, liver and serum of the rats were immediately collected. ADSCs-exo improved liver function, inhibited oxidative stress and reduced apoptosis of hepatocytes in HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy in rats. ADSCs-exo significantly promoted the recovery of mitochondrial function, markedly increased the content of ATP in the liver tissue, and improved the ultrastructure of mitochondria in hepatocytes. Moreover, ADSCs-exo significantly increased the expression of OPA-1, MFN-1 and MFN-2 proteins related to mitochondrial fusion, while DRP-1 and Fis-1 mRNA and protein expression associated with mitochondrial fission were significantly decreased after the treatment with ADSCs-exo. In addition, ADSCs-exo significantly increased the expression of PGC-1α, NRF-1 and TFAM genes and proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis. ADSCs-exo improves liver function induced by HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy in rats and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis by inhibiting mitochondrial fission, promoting mitochondrial fusion and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, ADSCs-exo may be considered as a potential promising alternative to ADSCs in the treatment of HIRI subsequent to hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhen Zhang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chenxi Piao
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Haiyang Ma
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Guodong Liu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinChina
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16
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Abstract
Mitochondria have been studied for decades from the standpoint of metabolism and ATP generation. However, in recent years mitochondrial dynamics and its influence on bioenergetics and cellular homeostasis is also being appreciated. Mitochondria undergo regular cycles of fusion and fission regulated by various cues including cellular energy requirements and pathophysiological stimuli, and the network of critical proteins and membrane lipids involved in mitochondrial dynamics is being revealed. Hepatocytes are highly metabolic cells which have abundant mitochondria suggesting a biologically relevant role for mitochondrial dynamics in hepatocyte injury and recovery. Here we review information on molecular mediators of mitochondrial dynamics and their alteration in drug-induced liver injury. Based on current information, it is evident that changes in mitochondrial fusion and fission are hallmarks of liver pathophysiology ranging from acetaminophen-induced or cholestatic liver injury to chronic liver diseases. These alterations in mitochondrial dynamics influence multiple related mitochondrial responses such as mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, which are important adaptive responses facilitating liver recovery in several contexts, including drug-induced liver injury. The current focus on characterization of molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics is of immense relevance to liver pathophysiology and have the potential to provide significant insight into mechanisms of liver recovery and regeneration after injury.
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17
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Xiang L, Shao Y, Chen Y. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrion-targeted therapeutics in liver diseases. J Drug Target 2021; 29:1080-1093. [PMID: 33788656 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1909051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a vital metabolic and detoxifying organ and suffers diverse endogenous or exogenous damage. Hepatocyte mitochondria experience various structural and functional defects from liver injury, bearing oxidative stress, metabolic dysregulation, and the disturbance of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms. Mitochondrial malfunction initiates the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathways and the release of damage signals, aggravating liver damage and disease progression via inflammation and reparative fibrogenesis. Removal of mitochondrial impairment or the improvement of MQC mechanisms restore mitochondrial homeostasis and benefit liver health. This review discusses the association of mitochondrial disorders with hepatic pathophysiological processes and the resultant potential of mitochondrion-targeting therapeutics for hepatic disorders. The recent advances in the MQC mechanisms and the mitochondrial-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in the pathology and treatment of liver disease are particularly focussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yaru Shao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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18
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Xiang C, Zhang F, Gao J, Guo F, Zhang M, Zhou R, Wei J, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Yang H. Yixin-Shu Capsules Ameliorated Ischemia-Induced Heart Failure by Restoring Trx2 and Inhibiting JNK/p38 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8049079. [PMID: 33643519 PMCID: PMC7902134 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8049079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has shown great safety and efficacy in the treatment of heart failure (HF), whereas the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the protective effect of Yixin-shu (YXS) capsules, a conventional medicine for various cardiovascular diseases, against myocardial ischemia-induced HF in rats was systematically investigated by RNA-seq technology. HF rats treated with YXS (0.8 or 1.6 g/kg/d, ig) for 6 weeks had significantly decreased brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and collagen III and attenuated cardiac structure rupture and collagen deposition. Additionally, YXS treatment decreased the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and TUNEL-positive rate and the nitrotyrosine staining, but increased levels of glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Further experiments demonstrated that YXS restored Trx2 and inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK and p38, thereby improving cardiac function in the rats with HF. Silencing Trx2 decreased the protection of YXS in the response to H2O2 as evidenced by the increase of caspase-3 activity and decrease of GSH level. Thus, YXS enhanced heart function and decreased myocardial damage through restoring Trx2 and inhibiting JNK and p38 activation in ischemia-induced HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpei Xiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fangbo Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jinhuan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Junying Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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19
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Oliveira RP, Machado IF, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. The potential role of sestrin 2 in liver regeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:255-267. [PMID: 33359262 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a remarkably complex phenomenon conserved across all vertebrates, enabling the restoration of lost liver mass in a matter of days. Unfortunately, extensive damage to the liver may compromise this process, often leading to the death of affected individuals. Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common source of damage preceding regeneration, often present during liver transplantation, resection, trauma, or hemorrhagic shock. Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are key hallmarks of IRI, which can jeopardize the liver's ability to regenerate. Therefore, a better understanding of both liver regeneration and IRI is of important clinical significance. In the current review, we discuss the potential role of sestrin 2 (SESN2), a novel anti-aging protein, in liver regeneration and ischemia/reperfusion preceding regeneration. We highlight its beneficial role in protecting cells from mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as key aspects of its involvement in liver regeneration. Additionally, we describe how its ability to promote the expression of Nrf2 bears significant importance in this context. Finally, we focus on a potential novel link between SESN2, mitohormesis and ischemic preconditioning, which could explain some of the protective effects of preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl P Oliveira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivo F Machado
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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20
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Abshagen K, Hartmann A, Grüner L, Liebig M, Vollmar B. Limited potential of resolvin D1 in treatment of cholestatic liver fibrosis. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2020; 9:587-596. [PMID: 33163509 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn.2019.08.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Several studies suggest a role for EPA- and DHA-derived pro-resolving mediators like resolvins in reversing metabolic and inflammatory disturbances seen in various chronic diseases. Here, we investigated the effects of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced cholestatic liver injury. Methods Mice were treated daily with RvD1 or 0.1% ethanol (control) from the day of BDL until the final observation time points. Blood and liver tissue were collected 2, 5 and 14 days after BDL for different analyses. Results RvD1 treatment of mice had no impact on the extent of cholestatic liver injury upon BDL, neither in the acute phase nor in the progressive state of liver fibrosis. Although RvD1 treatment resulted in a significantly reduced activity of hepatic stellate cells as well as reduced deposition of extracellular matrix 2 days after BDL, mice were not protected from inflammation and further fibrosis progression. Conclusions These data indicate that RvD1 has a limited therapeutic potential to treat cholestatic liver diseases, as it has no significant impact on regression of hepatic necroinflammation and fibrotic changes in bile duct-ligated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Abshagen
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmann
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Laura Grüner
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie Liebig
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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21
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Dias IHK, Milic I, Heiss C, Ademowo OS, Polidori MC, Devitt A, Griffiths HR. Inflammation, Lipid (Per)oxidation, and Redox Regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:166-190. [PMID: 31989835 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Inflammation increases during the aging process. It is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Mitochondrial macromolecules are critical targets of oxidative damage; they contribute to respiratory uncoupling with increased ROS production, redox stress, and a cycle of senescence, cytokine production, and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Targeting the formation or accumulation of oxidized biomolecules, particularly oxidized lipids, in immune cells and mitochondria could be beneficial for age-related inflammation and comorbidities. Recent Advances: Inflammation is central to age-related decline in health and exhibits a complex relationship with mitochondrial redox state and metabolic function. Improvements in mass spectrometric methods have led to the identification of families of oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), cholesterols, and fatty acids that increase during inflammation and which modulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), activator protein 1 (AP1), and NF-κB redox-sensitive transcription factor activity. Critical Issues: The kinetic and spatial resolution of the modified lipidome has profound and sometimes opposing effects on inflammation, promoting initiation at high concentration and resolution at low concentration of OxPLs. Future Directions: There is an emerging opportunity to prevent or delay age-related inflammation and vascular comorbidity through a resolving (oxy)lipidome that is dependent on improving mitochondrial quality control and restoring redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Milic
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Heiss
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Opeyemi S Ademowo
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Cristina Polidori
- Ageing Clinical Research, Department II of Internal Medicine and Cologne Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, and CECAD, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrew Devitt
- Aston Research Center for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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22
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Yang Y, Zhu Y, Xiao J, Tian Y, Ma M, Li X, Li L, Zhang P, Li M, Wang J, Jin S. Maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction through improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Avanoǧlu Güler A, Rossi FW, Bellando-Randone S, Prevete N, Tufan A, Manetti M, de Paulis A, Matucci-Cerinic M. The Role of Endogenous Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid-Derived Resolvins in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1249. [PMID: 32636845 PMCID: PMC7318896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolvins, the member of specialized pro-resolving mediators, are produced from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as a response to an acute inflammatory process in that termination and resolution of inflammation. In the acute inflammation, these lipid mediators limit polymorphonuclear cells infiltration, proinflammatory cytokine production; promote efferocytosis, and regulate several cell types being important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Any dysregulation or defect of the resolution phase result in prolonged, persistent inflammation and eventually fibrosis. Resolvins are implicated in the development of various chronic autoimmune diseases. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a very complicated, chronic autoimmune disorder proceeding with vasculopathy, inflammation, and fibrosis. Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity is another important contributing factor in the pathogenesis of SSc. In this review, we will focus on the different roles of this new family of lipid mediators, characterized by the ability to prevent the spread of inflammation and its chronicity in various ways and how they can control the development of fibrotic diseases like SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Avanoǧlu Güler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Bellando-Randone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Abdurrahman Tufan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Division of Rheumatology AOUC, Florence, Italy
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Qasim W, Li Y, Sun RM, Feng DC, Wang ZY, Liu DS, Yao JH, Tian XF. PTEN-induced kinase 1-induced dynamin-related protein 1 Ser637 phosphorylation reduces mitochondrial fission and protects against intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1758-1774. [PMID: 32351292 PMCID: PMC7183859 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i15.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) occurs in various diseases, such as trauma and intestinal transplantation. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and subsequent apoptotic cell death in intestinal epithelia are important causes of I/R injury. PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) are critical regulators of ROS and apoptosis. However, the correlation of PINK1 and DRP1 and their function in intestinal I/R injury have not been investigated. Thus, examining the PINK1/DRP1 pathway may help to identify a protective strategy and improve the patient prognosis.
AIM To clarify the mechanism of the PINK1/DRP1 pathway in intestinal I/R injury.
METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were used to generate an intestinal I/R model via superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Chiu’s score was used to evaluate intestinal mucosa damage. The mitochondrial fission inhibitor mdivi-1 was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Caco-2 cells were incubated in vitro in hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions. Small interfering RNAs and overexpression plasmids were transfected to regulate PINK1 expression. The protein expression levels of PINK1, DRP1, p-DRP1 and cleaved caspase 3 were measured by Western blotting. Cell viability was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining. Mitochondrial fission and ROS were tested by MitoTracker and MitoSOX respectively.
RESULTS Intestinal I/R and Caco-2 cell hypoxia/reoxygenation decreased the expression of PINK1 and p-DRP1 Ser637. Pretreatment with mdivi-1 inhibited mitochondrial fission, ROS generation, and apoptosis and ameliorated cell injury in intestinal I/R. Upon PINK1 knockdown or overexpression in vitro, we found that p-DRP1 Ser637 expression and DRP1 recruitment to the mitochondria were associated with PINK1. Furthermore, we verified the physical combination of PINK1 and p-DRP1 Ser637.
CONCLUSION PINK1 is correlated with mitochondrial fission and apoptosis by regulating DRP1 phosphorylation in intestinal I/R. These results suggest that the PINK1/DRP1 pathway is involved in intestinal I/R injury, and provide a new approach for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Qasim
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rui-Min Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dong-Cheng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhan-Yu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - De-Shun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ji-Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
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25
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Zheng J, Chen L, Lu T, Zhang Y, Sui X, Li Y, Huang X, He L, Cai J, Zhou C, Liang J, Chen G, Yao J, Yang Y. MSCs ameliorate hepatocellular apoptosis mediated by PINK1-dependent mitophagy in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury through AMPKα activation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:256. [PMID: 32312955 PMCID: PMC7171190 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte apoptosis is the main pathophysiological process underlying liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondrial abnormalities have a vital role in hepatocellular damage. The hepatoprotective effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been previously demonstrated. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of MSCs against liver I/R injury. Effects of MSCs were studied in mice liver I/R injury model and in a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of L02 hepatocytes. The potential mechanisms of MSCs on these in vivo and in vitro I/R-induced hepatocellular apoptosis models were studies. Accompanied by the improvement of hepatic damage, MSCs exhibited capabilities of controlling mitochondrial quality, shown by reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) overproduction, decreased the accumulation of mitochondrial fragmentation, restored ATP generation and upregulated mitophagy. Furthermore, we descripted a potential mechanism of MSCs on upregulating mitophagy and found that the reduced Parkin and PINK1 expression and inactivated AMPKα pathway were observed in the liver tissue in I/R model. These effects were reversed by MSCs treatment. In vitro study showed that MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) suppressed hepatocellular apoptosis and inhibited mtROS accumulation in the H/R environment. And these effects of MSC-CM were partially blocked after the cells were transfected with PINK1 siRNA or added with dorsomorphin. Collectively, our findings provide a novel pharmacological mechanism that MSCs exert hepatoprotective effect in liver I/R injury via upregulating PINK1-dependent mitophagy. In addition, this effect might be attributed to the modulation of AMPKα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongyu Lu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingcai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuna Huang
- Central Experimental Room of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liying He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaorong Zhou
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Biotherapy and Translational Medicine of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510630, Guangzhou, China.
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26
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Ma X, McKeen T, Zhang J, Ding WX. Role and Mechanisms of Mitophagy in Liver Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040837. [PMID: 32244304 PMCID: PMC7226762 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is an organelle that plays a vital role in the regulation of hepatic cellular redox, lipid metabolism, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with both acute and chronic liver diseases with emerging evidence indicating that mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy for damaged/excessive mitochondria, plays a key role in the liver’s physiology and pathophysiology. This review will focus on mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy regulation, and their roles in various liver diseases (alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, viral hepatitis, and cancer) with the hope that a better understanding of the molecular events and signaling pathways in mitophagy regulation will help identify promising targets for the future treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (X.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Tara McKeen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (X.M.); (T.M.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; (X.M.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-913-588-9813
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27
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Li R, Toan S, Zhou H. Role of mitochondrial quality control in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6467-6485. [PMID: 32213662 PMCID: PMC7185127 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient oversupply and mitochondrial dysfunction play central roles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mitochondria are the major sites of β-oxidation, a catabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down. The mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system includes mitochondrial fission, fusion, mitophagy and mitochondrial redox regulation, and is essential for the maintenance of the functionality and structural integrity of the mitochondria. Excessive and uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria damages mitochondrial components, including membranes, proteins and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and triggers the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. The functionality of some damaged mitochondria can be restored by fusion with normally functioning mitochondria, but when severely damaged, mitochondria are segregated from the remaining functional mitochondrial network through fission and are eventually degraded via mitochondrial autophagy, also called as mitophagy. In this review, we describe the functions and mechanisms of mitochondrial fission, fusion, oxidative stress and mitophagy in the development and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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28
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Ren YZ, Zhang BZ, Zhao XJ, Zhang ZY. Resolvin D1 ameliorates cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury via protecting astrocytic mitochondria. J Neurochem 2020; 154:530-546. [PMID: 31951012 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the most common and devastating neuropsychiatric sequelae after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and hippocampal neuronal survival plays a causal role in this pathological process. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), an important endogenous specialized pro-resolving mediator, has recently been reported to exert a potent protective effect on mitochondria. This suggests that RvD1 may suppress neuroinflammation and protect astrocytic mitochondria at the same time to play further neuroprotective roles. C57BL/6 mice subjected to TBI using a controlled cortical impact device were used for in vivo experiments. Cultured primary mouse astrocytes and an N2a mouse neuroblastoma cell line were used for in vitro experiments. In TBI mice, RvD1 significantly ameliorated cognitive impairment, suppressed gliosis and alleviated neuronal loss in the hippocampus. To explore the mechanism underlying this activity, we verified that RvD1 can induce a higher level of mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria and eliminate extra mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) by activating ALX4/FPR2 receptors in astrocytes. In an in vitro model, we further confirmed that RvD1 can protect mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential in astrocytes and thereby enhance the survival of neurons. Meanwhile, RvD1 was also shown to increase the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glutamate aspartate transporter in the hippocampus following TBI, which indicates a possible way by which RvD1 increases the supportive function of astrocytes. These findings suggest that RvD1 may be a potent therapeutic option for ameliorating cognitive impairment following TBI by controlling neuroinflammation and protecting astrocytic mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhi Ren
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ben-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,The Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of the Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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29
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Kang JW, Choi HS, Shin JK, Lee SM. Resolvin D1 activates the sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway in murine livers with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1058-1065. [PMID: 31097221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resolvins (Rvs) are endogenous lipid mediators that promote resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. We previously reported that RvD1 both facilitates M2 macrophage polarization of Kupffer cells (KCs) and efferocytosis and modulates thioredoxin 2-mediated mitochondrial quality control in liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the specific cellular or molecular targets of RvD1 remain poorly understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the natural sphingolipid ligand for a family of G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-S1P5), regulates lymphocyte circulation and various immune responses. Here we investigated the role of RvD1 in IR-induced hepatocellular damage with a focus on S1P signaling. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to partial hepatic ischemia for 60 min, followed by reperfusion. Mice were pretreated with RvD1 (15 μg/kg, i.p.) 1 h prior to ischemia and immediately before reperfusion. To deplete KCs, liposome clodronate was administered (100 μL/mice, i.v.) 24 h prior to ischemia. Mice were pretreated with VPC23019 (100 μg/kg, i.p.), an antagonist for S1P1/S1P3 10 min prior to initial RvD1 treatment. Exogenous RvD1 attenuated IR-induced hepatocellular damage as evidenced by serum HMGB1 release. RvD1 attenuated the decrease in hepatic S1P concentration induced by IR. KC depletion by liposome clodronate did not alter the effect of RvD1 on sphingosine kinases (SKs) and S1P receptors, suggesting independency of KCs. Moreover, in purified hepatocytes of mice exposed to IR, mRNA expression of SK1, SK2, S1P1, and S1P3 decreased significantly, and this was attenuated by RvD1. Finally, VPC23019 pretreatment abolished the hepatoprotective effects of RvD1 in serum HMGB1 release. Our findings suggest that RvD1 protects the liver against IR injury by activating S1P signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Jia JJ, Geng WS, Wang ZQ, Chen L, Zeng XS. The role of thioredoxin system in cancer: strategy for cancer therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:453-470. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Kang JW, Choi HS, Lee SM. Resolvin D1 attenuates liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury through modulating thioredoxin 2-mediated mitochondrial quality control. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2441-2453. [PMID: 29569721 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liver ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) injury is a sterile inflammatory response involving production of ROS. Mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained by mitochondrial quality control (QC). Thioredoxin (TRX) 2 is a key mitochondrial redox-sensitive protein. Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator, exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. We investigated mechanisms of RvD1 protection against IR-induced oxidative damage to the liver, focusing on TRX2-mediated mitochondrial QC. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice underwent partial warm IR. RvD1 was administered 1 h before ischaemia and immediately prior to reperfusion. Human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation and transfected with TRX2 siRNA. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and enzyme assays were used to follow changes in mitochondrial structure and function. KEY RESULTS RvD1 attenuated hepatocellular damage following IR, assessed by serum aminotransferase activities and histology. RvD1 reduced mitochondrial swelling, lipid peroxidation and glutamate dehydrogenase release. Impaired activities of mitochondrial complexes I and III were restored by RvD1. RvD1 enhanced expression of the mitophagy-related protein, Parkin and inhibited accumulation of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1. RvD1 restored levels of mitochondrial biogenesis proteins including PPARγ coactivator 1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A and mtDNA level. RvD1 attenuated the increase in levels of the mitochondrial fission-related protein, dynamin-related protein 1. IR reduced TRX2 levels while increasing TRX2 association with TRX-interacting protein. RvD1 attenuated these changes. The regulatory effects of RvD1 on mitochondrial QC were abolished by TRX2 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We suggest that RvD1 ameliorated IR-induced hepatocellular damage by regulating TRX2-mediated mitochondrial QC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Woo Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Mee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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