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Zeng J, Ye C, Zhang C, Su H. Membranous translocation of murine double minute 2 promotes the increased renal tubular immunogenicity in ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F290-F303. [PMID: 38867673 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00200.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidneys from donors with prolonged warm and cold ischemia are prone to posttransplant T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) due to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). However, the precise mechanisms still remain obscure. Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are the main target during IRI. Meanwhile, we have previously reported that murine double minute 2 (MDM2) actively participates in TEC homeostasis during IRI. In this study, we established a murine model of renal IRI and a cell model of hypoxia-reoxygenation by culturing immortalized rat renal proximal tubule cells (NRK-52E) in a hypoxic environment for different time points followed by 24 h of reoxygenation and incubating NRK-52E cells in a chemical anoxia-recovery environment. We found that during renal IRI MDM2 expression increased on the membrane of TECs and aggregated mainly on the basolateral side. This process was accompanied by a reduction of a transmembrane protein, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a coinhibitory second signal for T cells in TECs. Using mutant plasmids of MDM2 to anchor MDM2 on the cell membrane or nuclei, we found that the upregulation of membrane MDM2 could promote the ubiquitination of PD-L1 and lead to its ubiquitination-proteasome degradation. Finally, we set up a coculture system of TECs and CD4+ T cells in vitro; our results revealed that the immunogenicity of TECs was enhanced during IRI. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the increased immunogenicity of TECs during IRI may be related to ubiquitinated degradation of PD-L1 by increased MDM2 on the cell membrane, which consequently results in T-cell activation and TCMR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) donors can effectively shorten the waiting time for kidney transplantation but increase immune rejection, especially T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), the mechanism of which remains to be elucidated. Our study demonstrates that during ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), the translocation of tubular murine double minute 2 leads to basolateral programmed death ligand 1 degradation, which ultimately results in the occurrence of TCMR, which may provide a new therapeutic strategy for preventing AKI donor-associated TCMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
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Zhao W, Li Y, Cheng H, Wang M, Zhang Z, Cai M, Zhao C, Xi X, Zhao X, Zhao W, Yang Y, Shao R. Myofibrillogenesis Regulator-1 Regulates the Ubiquitin Lysosomal Pathway of Notch3 Intracellular Domain Through E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Itchy Homolog in the Metastasis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306472. [PMID: 38342606 PMCID: PMC11022719 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 (MR-1) is a multifunctional protein involved in the development of various human tumors. The study is the first to report the promoting effect of MR-1 on the development and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MR-1 is upregulated in NSCLC and positively associated with poor prognosis. The overexpression of MR-1 promotes the metastasis of NSCLC cells by stabilizing the expression of Notch3-ICD (NICD3) in the cytoplasm through enrichment analysis, in vitro and in vivo experimental researches. And Notch3 signaling can upregulate many genes related to metastasis. The stabilizing effect of MR-1 on NICD3 is achieved through the mono-ubiquitin lysosomal pathway and the specific E3 ubiquitin ligase is Itchy homolog (ITCH). There is a certain interaction between MR-1 and NICD3. Elevated MR-1 can affect the level of ITCH phosphorylation, reduce its E3 enzyme activity, and thus lead to reduce the ubiquitination and degradation of NICD3. Interference with the interaction between MR-1 and NICD3 can increase the degradation of NICD3 and impair the metastatic ability of NSCLC cells, which is a previously overlooked treatment option in NSCLC. In summary, interference with the interaction between MR-1 and NICD3 in the progression of lung cancer may be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Hanzeng Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia MedicaPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100050P. R. China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
- Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510280P. R. China
| | - Zhishuo Zhang
- Department of EmergencyXinhua HospitalShanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai200092P. R. China
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning110001P. R. China
| | - Meilian Cai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Cong Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia MedicaPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing100050P. R. China
| | - Rongguang Shao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Laboratory of OncologyInstitute of Medicinal Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing100050BeijingP. R. China
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3
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You S, Xu J, Guo Y, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Sun G, Sun Y. E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 as a promising therapeutic target for diverse human diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 96:101257. [PMID: 38430667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian E3 ubiquitin ligases have emerged in recent years as critical regulators of cellular homeostasis due to their roles in targeting substrate proteins for ubiquitination and triggering subsequent downstream signals. In this review, we describe the multiple roles of WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase with unique and important functions in regulating a wide range of biological processes, including DNA repair, gene expression, signal transduction, and cell-fate decisions. As such, WWP2 has evolved to play a key role in normal physiology and diseases, such as tumorigenesis, skeletal development and diseases, immune regulation, cardiovascular disease, and others. We attempt to provide an overview of the biochemical, physiological, and pathophysiological roles of WWP2, as well as open questions for future research, particularly in the context of putative therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yushan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, National Health Commission, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Sun YD, Zhang H, Li YM, Han JJ. Abnormal metabolism in hepatic stellate cells: Pandora's box of MAFLD related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189086. [PMID: 38342420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as key mediators in liver injury response, are believed to play a crucial role in the repair process of liver injury. However, in MAFLD patients, the normal metabolic and immunoregulatory mechanisms of HSCs become disrupted, leading to disturbances in the local microenvironment. Abnormally activated HSCs are heavily involved in the initiation and progression of HCC. The metabolic disorders and abnormal activation of HSCs not only initiate liver fibrosis but also contribute to carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress on the relationship between the abnormal metabolism of HSCs and the local immune system in the liver, elucidating the mechanisms of immune imbalance caused by abnormally activated HSCs in MAFLD patients. Based on this understanding, we discuss the potential and challenges of metabolic-based and immunology-based mechanisms in the treatment of MAFLD-related HCC, with a specific focus on the role of HSCs in HCC progression and their potential as targets for anti-cancer therapy. This review aims to enhance researchers' understanding of the importance of HSCs in maintaining normal liver function and highlights the significance of HSCs in the progression of MAFLD-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Dong Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yuan-Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Jian-Jun Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
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Peng D, Huang Z, Yang H, Luo Y, Wu Z. PPM1G regulates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury through STING-mediated inflammatory pathways in macrophages. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1189. [PMID: 38372470 PMCID: PMC10875902 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is generally unavoidable following liver transplantation. Here, we investigated the role of protein phosphatase, Mg2+ /Mn2+ dependent 1G (PPM1G) in hepatic IRI. METHODS Hepatic IRI was mimicked by employing a hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) model in RAW 264.7 cells and a 70% warm ischemia model in C57BL/6 mice, respectively. In vitro, expression changes of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expressions of PPM1G and the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway components were analyzed by western blot. Interaction between PPM1G and STING was verified by coimmunoprecipitation (CO-IP). Immunofluorescence was applied for detection of p-IRF3. Flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and western blot were utilized to analyze markers of macrophage polarization. In vivo, histological analyses of mice liver were carried out by TUNEL and H&E staining. Changes in serum aminotransferases were also detected. RESULTS Following H/R intervention, a steady decline in PPM1G along with an increase in inflammatory cytokines in vitro was observed. Addition of plasmid with PPM1G sequence limited the release of inflammatory cytokines and downregulated phosphorylation of STING. CO-IP validated the interaction between PPM1G and STING. Furthermore, inhibition of PPM1G with lentivirus enhanced phosphorylation of STING and its downstream components; meanwhile, p65, p38, and Jnk were also surged to phosphorylation. Expression of INOS and CD86 was surged, while CD206, Arg-1, and IL-10 were inhibited. In vivo, PPM1G inhibition further promoted liver damage, hepatocyte apoptosis, and transaminases release. Selective inhibition of STING with C-176 partially reversed the activation of STING pathway and inflammatory cytokines in vitro. M1 markers were also suppressed by C-176. In vivo, C-176 rescued liver damage and transaminase release caused by PPM1G inhibition. CONCLUSION PPM1G suppresses hepatic IRI and macrophage M1 phenotype by repressing STING-mediated inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadi Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zuotian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor CenterChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yunhai Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Wang J, Jin B, Chen Y, Chen Y, Zuo W, Huang L, Lin J, Jiang Y, Xie L, Lian X, Wang Y. Costunolide attenuates high-fat diet-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22150. [PMID: 38349256 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive disease that can further evolve towards liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the end stage. Costunolide (Cos) is a natural sesquiterpene lactone that exhibits both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the therapeutic effect of Cos on NAFLD is not clear. In this study, we explored the potential protective effect and mechanism of Cos on NAFLD. C57BL/6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce NAFLD. Cos was administered by gavage to observe the effect of Cos on NAFLD. We demonstrated that oral administration of Cos reduced HFD-induced hepatic fibrosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines, limiting the generation of reactive oxygen species. In vitro experiments revealed that pretreatment with Cos significantly decreased PA-induced production of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis in AML-12 cells. Mechanism study showed that the effect of Cos was correlated to the induction of Nrf-2 and inhibition of NF-κB pathways. Collectively, these findings indicated that Cos exerts hepatoprotective effect against NAFLD through blocking inflammation and oxidative stress. Our study suggested that Cos might be an effective pharmacotherapy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wang
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanghao Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijiang Huang
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjun Lin
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Longteng Xie
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Lian
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, The Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Wang S, Ye F, Ren Q, Sun S, Xia W, Wang Z, Guo H, Li H, Zhang S, Lowe S, Chen M, Du Q, Weihong Li. The anti-liver fibrosis effect of Tibetan medicine (Qiwei Tiexie capsule) is related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117283. [PMID: 37827298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qiwei Tiexie capsule (QWTX) is an improved form of a classical prescription of Tibetan medicine-Qiwei Tiexie pill. It has been employed in the treatment of a variety of chronic liver disorders, including liver fibrosis. Uncertainty still exists regarding the mechanism of QWTX action in liver fibrosis. AIM OF THE STUDY Confirm the anti-liver fibrosis effect of QWTX and reveal its mechanism from the perspective of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo experiment: A rat model of carbon tetrachloride -induced liver fibrosis was constructed. All rats were randomly divided into six groups: a control group, a model group, a group receiving the positive drug (Biejia Ruangan tablet), and three groups receiving QWTX at high, medium, and low doses. The contents of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBil) were detected in serum. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's staining were used to assess the histomorphological alteration of the liver. The levels of glutathione peroxidase, hydroxyproline, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in the liver were determined using the corresponding detection kits. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of NLRP3, adaptor protein (ASC), caspase-1, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In vitro experiment: Four groups of rat hepatic stellate cell line (HSC-T6) cells were created: the control group, the low-dose QWTX group (0.05 mg/mL), the medium-dose QWTX group (0.1 mg/mL), and the high-dose QWTX group (0.2 mg/mL). Cell viability was assessed using a cell counting kit, and the amounts of collagen type I (Col I) and IL-1β in the cell lysate were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and α-SMA were also estimated. RESULTS QWTX had an inhibitory effect on liver fibrosis and a negative effect on HSC activation, while it improved liver histopathological injury and abnormal liver function and increased hydroxyproline content and glutathione peroxidase activity in vivo. QWTX decreased the expression of α-SMA, NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, and IL-1β both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Tibetan medicine QWTX had a significant anti-liver fibrosis effect that was related to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China; Bei Jing Jing Mei Group General Hospital, Beijing, 102300, China
| | - Fei Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Qingjia Ren
- Institute of Tibetan Medicine, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Weina Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Zhuwei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Haolin Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Han Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Scott Lowe
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China
| | - Qinghong Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China; Institute of Tibetan Medicine, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, 850000, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Weihong Li
- School of Nursing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102401, China.
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8
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Liu Y, Wang D, Jin Y, Sun G, Lou Q, Wang H, Li W. Costunolide ameliorates angiotensin II-induced atrial inflammation and fibrosis by regulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in mice: A possible therapeutic approach for atrial fibrillation. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104600. [PMID: 37666318 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac disease characterized by disordered atrial electrical activity. Atrial inflammation and fibrosis are involved in AF progression. Costunolide (COS) is a sesquiterpene lactone containing anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms by which COS protects against AF. Male C57BL/6 mice (8- to 10-week-old) were infused with angiotensin (Ang) II for 3 weeks. Meanwhile, different doses of COS (COS-L: 10 mg/kg, COS-H: 20 mg/kg) were administered to mice by intragastric treatment. The results showed irregular and rapid heart rates in Ang II-treated mice. Moreover, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and fibrotic factors were elevated in mice. COS triggered a reduction of Ang II-induced inflammation and fibrosis, which conferred a protective effect. Mechanistically, mitochondrial dysfunction with mitochondrial respiration inhibition and aberrant ATP levels were observed after Ang II treatment. Moreover, Ang-II-induced excessive reactive oxygen species caused oxidative stress, which was further aggravated by inhibiting Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Importantly, COS diminished these Ang-II-mediated effects in mice. In conclusion, COS attenuated inflammation and fibrosis in Ang-II-treated mice by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Our findings represent a potential therapeutic option for AF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yimin Jin
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Guifang Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Qi Lou
- Graduate Student, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Graduate Student, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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9
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Ge MX, Niu WX, Bao YY, Lu ZN, He HW. Sclareol attenuates liver fibrosis through SENP1-mediated VEGFR2 SUMOylation and inhibition of downstream STAT3 signaling. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3898-3912. [PMID: 37132081 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a key global health care burden. Sclareol, isolated from Salvia sclarea, possesses various biological activities. Its effect on liver fibrosis remains unknown. This study was proposed to evaluate the antifibrotic activity of sclareol (SCL) and explore its underlying mechanisms. Stimulated hepatic stellate cells served as an in vitro liver fibrosis model. The expression of fibrotic markers was assessed by western blot and real-time PCR. Two classical animal models, bile duct-ligated rats and carbon tetrachloride-treated mice, were utilized for the in vivo experiments. The liver function and fibrosis degree were determined by serum biochemical and histopathological analyses. VEGFR2 SUMOylation was analyzed using coimmunoprecipitation assay. Our results indicated that SCL treatment restricted the profibrotic propensity of activated HSCs. In fibrotic rodents, SCL administration alleviated hepatic injury and reduced collagen accumulation. Mechanistic studies indicated that SCL downregulated the protein level of SENP1 and enhanced VEGFR2 SUMOylation in LX-2 cells, which affected its intracellular trafficking. Blockade of the interaction between VEGFR2 and STAT3 was observed, resulting in the suppression of downstream STAT3 phosphorylation. Our findings demonstrated that SCL has therapeutic efficacy against liver fibrosis through mediating VEGFR2 SUMOylation, suggesting that SCL may be a potential candidate compound for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Xu Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Niu
- Medical Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun-Yang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Pei Q, Yi Q, Tang L. Liver Fibrosis Resolution: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119671. [PMID: 37298621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a critical system for metabolism in human beings, which plays an essential role in an abundance of physiological processes and is vulnerable to endogenous or exogenous injuries. After the damage to the liver, a type of aberrant wound healing response known as liver fibrosis may happen, which can result in an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and then cause cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), seriously endangering human health and causing a great economic burden. However, few effective anti-fibrotic medications are clinically available to treat liver fibrosis. The most efficient approach to liver fibrosis prevention and treatment currently is to eliminate its causes, but this approach's efficiency is too slow, or some causes cannot be fully eliminated, which causes liver fibrosis to worsen. In cases of advanced fibrosis, the only available treatment is liver transplantation. Therefore, new treatments or therapeutic agents need to be explored to stop the further development of early liver fibrosis or to reverse the fibrosis process to achieve liver fibrosis resolution. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to the development of liver fibrosis is necessary to find new therapeutic targets and drugs. The complex process of liver fibrosis is regulated by a variety of cells and cytokines, among which hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the essential cells, and their continued activation will lead to further progression of liver fibrosis. It has been found that inhibiting HSC activation, or inducing apoptosis, and inactivating activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) can reverse fibrosis and thus achieve liver fibrosis regression. Hence, this review will concentrate on how HSCs become activated during liver fibrosis, including intercellular interactions and related signaling pathways, as well as targeting HSCs or liver fibrosis signaling pathways to achieve the resolution of liver fibrosis. Finally, new therapeutic compounds targeting liver fibrosis are summarized to provide more options for the therapy of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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11
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Niu W, Zhu M, Wang M, Zhang G, Zheng C, Bao Y, Li Y, Zhang N, Wang J, He H, Wang Y. Discovery and development of benzene sulfonamide derivatives as anti-hepatic fibrosis agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 88:129290. [PMID: 37080476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel benzene sulfonamide compound named IMB16-4 exhibits excellent anti-hepatic fibrosis activity in a recent study. To develop potential anti-hepatic fibrosis agents, a series of benzene sulfonamide derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the scaffold of the lead compound IMB16-4. As it turned out, most of the derivatives displayed potential anti-hepatic fibrosis activity, among which, compounds 11a, 11b, 11d, 13a, 36b, and 47b exhibited inhibition rates of 42.3%, 48.7%, 42.4%, 40.0%, 39.4%, and 49.3%, respectively, which were equivalent to the control IMB16-4 with an inhibition rate of 35.9%, Costunolide with an inhibition rate of 45.4%, and much more potent than that of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with an inhibition rate of 25.3%. Especially, compounds 46a, 46b, and 46c exhibited excellent anti-hepatic fibrosis activity with inhibition rates of 61.7%, 54.8%, and 60.7%, which were almost 1.5-fold inhibition rates of IMB16-4. In addition, compounds 46a, 46b, and 46c exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity in the gene expression of COL1A1, MMP-2, and the protein expression of COL1A1, FN, α-SMA, and TIMP-1 by inhibiting the JAK1-STAT1/3 pathway. These findings furnished valuable inspiration for the further development of anti-hepatic fibrosis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Niu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guoning Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chenghong Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yunyang Bao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Juxian Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongwei He
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Zhan ZY, Zhang ZH, Yang HX, Wu YL, Nan JX, Lian LH. Potential skin health promoting benefits of costunolide: a therapeutic strategy to improve skin inflammation in imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Food Funct 2023; 14:2392-2403. [PMID: 36786020 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02545k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a recurrent inflammatory skin disease. IL-36-related cytokines are overexpressed in psoriasis, but the mechanism is not yet clear. Costunolide (Cos) is a sesquiterpenoid compound derived from the root of the traditional Chinese medicine Aucklandia lappa Decne. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Cos on improving psoriasis-like skin inflammation. An in vivo model was established by applying imiquimod treatment to the back skin of mice, and an in vitro model was established by using polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) stimulated-mouse primary dermal fibroblasts to induce inflammation. The results showed that Cos improved the pathological changes of psoriasis-like skin inflammation. In addition, Cos could inhibit epidermal damage and inflammation-related expression and improve the occurrence of skin-related inflammation in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. The improvement of psoriasis-like skin inflammatory response might be through the P2X7R/IL-36 signaling pathway. Collectively, Cos has an inhibitory effect on the expression of psoriasis-like skin inflammation. This showed that Cos has potential skin health promoting benefits by preventing psoriasis-like skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian, University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian, University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian, University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian, University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian, University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University) of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian, University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
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Hao J, Shen X, Lu K, Xu Y, Chen Y, Liu J, Shao X, Zhu C, Ding Y, Xie X, Wu J, Yang Q. Costunolide alleviated DDC induced ductular reaction and inflammatory response in murine model of cholestatic liver disease. J Tradit Complement Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
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14
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Güler MC, Akpinar E, Tanyeli A, Çomakli S, Bayir Y. Costunolide prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by reducing autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damage. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1168-1176. [PMID: 37736519 PMCID: PMC10510491 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.71779.15596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a vital health condition leading to acute kidney injury. Costunolide (COST) is an actively used molecule clinically for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, we searched for the possible protective effects of COST against renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Materials and Methods We established a renal I/R rat model. We divided forty rats into four groups: group I (sham), group II (I/R), group III (I/R+COST 5 mg/kg), and group IV (I/R+COST 10 mg/kg). We collected blood, kidney, and lung samples for analysis. Results COST administration performed anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by reducing oxidant parameters and proinflammatory cytokine levels. COST alleviated DNA damage through declining 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. In addition, COST diminished tubular damage and inflammation by reducing kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) production. COST administration also ameliorated apoptosis and autophagy by decreasing caspase-3 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (MAPLC3, LC3B) expression. Conclusion COST demonstrated protective effects against renal I/R-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Can Güler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erol Akpinar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Tanyeli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selim Çomakli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yasin Bayir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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15
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Xiao X, Zhang Q. Asiaticoside conveys an antifibrotic effect by inhibiting activation of hepatic stellate cells via the Jagged-1/Notch-1 pathway. J Nat Med 2023; 77:128-136. [PMID: 36169781 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying protective mechanisms of asiaticoside (AS) against liver fibrosis (LF) both in vivo and in vitro. A rat model with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis is employed to verify the effect and mechanism of AS on the process of liver fibrosis in vivo experiment. Hematoxylin/eosin and sirius red staining was conducted to assess the severity of liver injury and fibrosis. Further, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), glutamyl transferase (GGT), and total bilirubin (TBil) were measured. In addition, LX2 cells were cultured for vitro experiment to investigate the influence of AS on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Overproduction of α-smooth muscle actin and type I collagen is characteristic of LF and HSCs, as determined by immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. The expression levels of molecules associated with the Notch signaling pathway (i.e., Notch-1, Jagged-1, and Delta-like-4) were assessed by Western blot analysis. The results revealed that AS attenuated LF, as defined by reduced deposition of collagen, expression of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1, and expression of biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and hydroxyproline). Notably, AS suppressed the expression levels of Notch-1, Jagged-1, and Delta-like-4 in activated HSCs and LF. Collectively, these results demonstrate that AS prevented the progression of LF by modulating the Notch signaling pathway, indicating that AS has potential therapeutic effects against LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhong Xiao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, The Yuhuan Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital With Wenzhou Medical University, 18 Changle Road, Yucheng Street, Yuhuan, 317600, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, The Yuhuan Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital With Wenzhou Medical University, 18 Changle Road, Yucheng Street, Yuhuan, 317600, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Yang T, Wu E, Zhu X, Leng Y, Ye S, Dong R, Liu J, Zhong J, Zheng Y, Xu W, Luo J, Kong L, Zhang H. TKF, a mexicanolide-type limonoid derivative, suppressed hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis through inhibition of the YAP/Notch3 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154466. [PMID: 36182796 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common scarring response and may ultimately lead to liver cancer, unfortunately, there is currently no effective antifibrotic drug approved for human use. Limonoids exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities; however, the potential role of limonoids against fibrosis is largely unknown. PURPOSE This study investigates the antifibrotic activities and potential mechanisms of TKF (3-tigloyl-khasenegasin F), a natural mexicanolide-type limonoid derivative. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Two well-established mouse models (CCl4 challenge and bile duct ligation) were used to assess anti-fibrotic effects of TKF in vivo. Human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line LX-2 and mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) also served as in vitro liver fibrosis models. RESULT TKF administration significantly attenuated hepatic histopathological injury and collagen accumulation and suppressed fibrogenesis-associated gene expression including Col1a1, Acta2, and Timp1. In LX-2 cells and mouse pHSCs, TKF dose-dependently suppressed HSC activation and the expression levels of fibrogenic markers. Mechanistic studies showed that TKF inhibited Notch3-Hes1 and YAP signalings in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, YAP inhibition or knockdown downregulated the Notch3 expression; however, Notch3 inhibition or knockdown did not affect the level of YAP in activated HSC. We revealed that TKF inhibited Notch3-Hes1 activation and downregulated hepatic fibrogenic gene expression via inhibiting YAP. CONCLUSION The therapeutic benefit of TKF against liver fibrosis results from inhibition of YAP and Notch3-Hes1 pathways, indicating that TKF may be a novel therapeutic candidate for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Enyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingrong Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengtao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruirui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaman Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Yu W, Li Q, Shao C, Zhang Y, Kang C, Zheng Y, Liu X, Liu X, Yan J. The Cao-Xiang-Wei-Kang formula attenuates the progression of experimental colitis by restoring the homeostasis of the microbiome and suppressing inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:946065. [PMID: 36204231 PMCID: PMC9530714 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.946065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is pathologically characterized by an immune response accommodative insufficiency and dysbiosis accompanied by persistent epithelial barrier dysfunction. The Cao-Xiang-Wei-Kang (CW) formula has been utilized to treat gastrointestinal disorders in the clinic. The present study was designed to delineate the pharmacological mechanisms of this formula from different aspects of the etiology of ulcerative colitis (UC), a major subtype of IBD. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was given to mice for a week at a concentration of 2%, and the CW solution was administered for 3 weeks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were conducted to examine the changes in the microbiome profile, and biochemical experiments were performed to confirm the therapeutic functions predicted by system pharmacology analysis. The CW treatment hampered DSS-induced experimental colitis progression, and the targets were enriched in inflammation, infection, and tumorigenesis, which was corroborated by suppressed caspase 3 (Casp3) and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and increased cleaved caspase 3 expression and casp-3 activity in the colon samples from colitis mice subjected to the CW therapy. Moreover, the CW therapy rescued the decreased richness and diversity, suppressed the potentially pathogenic phenotype of the gut microorganisms, and reversed the altered linoleic acid metabolism and cytochrome P450 activity in murine colitis models. In our in vitro experiments, the CW administration increased the alternative activation of macrophages (Mφs) and inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and subsequent death in intestinal organoids (IOs). We propose that the CW formula alleviates the progression of murine colitis by suppressing inflammation, promoting mucosal healing, and re-establishing a microbiome profile that favors re-epithelization.
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18
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Kang S, Bo Y, Yang D, Wu G, Yang X, Wei J, Zhao G, An M, Zhao L. Tandem mass tag-based proteomics analysis reveals the effects of Guri Gumu-13 pill on drug-induced liver injury. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1206:123353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Yu S, Long Y, Li D, Shi A, Deng J, Ma Y, Wen J, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu S, Wan J, Li N, Guo J. Natural essential oils efficacious in internal organs fibrosis treatment: mechanisms of action and application perspectives. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Yang C, Pan J, Luo X, Li J, Jiang Z. Hypoxia-induced mesenchymal stem cells inhibit corneal fibroblast proliferation by regulating the WWP2/Notch1 axis. Regen Med 2022; 17:375-388. [PMID: 35545948 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to explore the role of hypoxic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in corneal alkali burns and the underlying mechanism. Materials & methods: Rat corneal fibroblasts were incubated with IL-6, followed by treatment with hypoxic MSC supernatant. A rat corneal alkali burn model was implemented and processed with hypoxic MSCs. The associated factors were detected by corresponding methods. Results: Hypoxic MSCs reduced the Notch1 level and the proliferation of rat corneal fibroblasts. Hypoxic MSCs or WWP2 overexpression in MSCs enhanced ubiquitination of Notch1. WWP2 interacted with Notch1, and WWP2 silencing reversed the effects of the hypoxic MSCs. Hypoxic MSC treatment in vivo decreased the corneal neovascularization scores and opacity scores. Conclusion: Hypoxic MSCs inhibited inflammation and alleviated corneal injury in alkali burns via the WWP2/Notch1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongmeng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xu Luo
- Burn & Wound Healing Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.,Wound Repair Department, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, 324000, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Zipei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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21
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Jiang YC, Han X, Dou JY, Yuan MH, Zhou MJ, Cui ZY, Lian LH, Nan JX, Zhang X, Wu YL. Protective role of Siberian onions against toxin-induced liver dysfunction: an insight into health-promoting effects. Food Funct 2022; 13:4678-4690. [PMID: 35377371 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04404d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Siberian onions (SOs) are delicious wild vegetables. Their taste is most unique, not only like scallions but also like leeks or garlic. They also have a traditional medicinal value for anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-pyretic analgesia, particularly facilitating hepatoprotective effects. The current study investigates the potential mechanism of SOs against toxin-induced liver dysfunction. BALB/c mice were administrated with SO or silymarin by oral gavage for one week, followed by injecting carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce hepatic fibrosis. The effect of SO against hepatic fibrosis was evaluated by examining the liver tissue for serum transaminase, oxidative stress, extracellular matrix, histological alterations, cytokine levels, and apoptosis. In vitro, HSC-T6 cells were cultured with the supernatant from Raw 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharides, followed by SO extracts or Niclosamide (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor) at indicated time periods and doses. SO decreased serum transaminase levels and oxidative stress, and regulated the balance of ECM in CCl4-induced mice, including α-SMA, collagen-I and TIMP-1. SO reduced the release of inflammatory factors and regulated apoptosis-associated proteins, which is related to the inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, SO reduced the positive expressions of α-SMA and NLRP3 by inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation in activated HSCs. SO could show health-promoting effects for liver dysfunction by alleviating hepatic fibrogenesis, apoptosis and inflammation in the development of hepatic fibrosis potential depending on the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Xin Han
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. .,Chinese Medicine Processing Centre, College of pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Jia-Yi Dou
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ming-Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Mei-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
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E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Regulators of Notch Receptor Endocytosis: From Flies to Humans. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020224. [PMID: 35204725 PMCID: PMC8961608 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch is a developmental receptor, conserved in the evolution of the metazoa, which regulates cell fate proliferation and survival in numerous developmental contexts, and also regulates tissue renewal and repair in adult organisms. Notch is activated by proteolytic removal of its extracellular domain and the subsequent release of its intracellular domain, which then acts in the nucleus as part of a transcription factor complex. Numerous regulatory mechanisms exist to tune the amplitude, duration and spatial patterning of this core signalling mechanism. In Drosophila, Deltex (Dx) and Suppressor of dx (Su(dx)) are E3 ubiquitin ligases which interact with the Notch intracellular domain to regulate its endocytic trafficking, with impacts on both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent signal activation. Homologues of Dx and Su(dx) have been shown to also interact with one or more of the four mammalian Notch proteins and other target substrates. Studies have shown similarities, specialisations and diversifications of the roles of these Notch regulators. This review collates together current research on vertebrate Dx and Su(dx)-related proteins, provides an overview of their various roles, and discusses their contributions to cell fate regulation and disease.
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Zhang J, Liu Q, He J, Li Y. Novel Therapeutic Targets in Liver Fibrosis. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:766855. [PMID: 34805276 PMCID: PMC8602792 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.766855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is end-stage liver disease that can be rescued. If irritation continues due to viral infection, schistosomiasis and alcoholism, liver fibrosis can progress to liver cirrhosis and even cancer. The US Food and Drug Administration has not approved any drugs that act directly against liver fibrosis. The only treatments currently available are drugs that eliminate pathogenic factors, which show poor efficacy; and liver transplantation, which is expensive. This highlights the importance of clarifying the mechanism of liver fibrosis and searching for new treatments against it. This review summarizes how parenchymal, nonparenchymal cells, inflammatory cells and various processes (liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cell activation, cell death and proliferation, deposition of extracellular matrix, cell metabolism, inflammation and epigenetics) contribute to liver fibrosis. We highlight discoveries of novel therapeutic targets, which may provide new insights into potential treatments for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinhui Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinhan He
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Adverse Drug Reaction, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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Huang Z, Wei C, Yang K, Yu Z, Wang Z, Hu H. Aucklandiae Radix and Vladimiriae Radix: A systematic review in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114372. [PMID: 34186101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aucklandiae Radix (AR) and Vladimiriae Radix (VR), as commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine, were widely used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The two herbal medicines were warm, pungent and bitter. They entered the spleen, stomach, large intestine and gallbladder meridians, and had the effect of promoting qi circulation to relieve pain. It is usually used for chest and hypochondrium, abdominal fullness and pain, tenesmus, indigestion, and warming the middle to harmonize the stomach in clinically. AIM OF THIS REVIEW To provide a reference for the identification of traditional use, the material basis of efficacy and preclinical research between AR and VR, this review systematically summarized the similarities and differences in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and modern pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature information was collected systematically from the electronic scientific databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Geen Medical, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, as well as other literature sources, such as classic books of herbal medicine, master's thesis, doctoral thesis. RESULTS In the plateau areas of Sichuan Province, VR used to be regarded as substitute or local habit for AR, which is regularly used for chest, abdominal fullness and pain, diarrhea, and other related diseases. In Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) 2020 edition, 145 prescription preparations with AR were collected, such as Xianglian Wan, Muxiang Shunqi Wan, Liuwei Muxiang San. However, only one prescription preparation (Jiuxiang Zhitong Wan) contained VR. Additionally, 237 and 254 chemical components were separately isolated and identified from AR and VR, 69 kinds of compounds were common among them, and the significant differences were presented in sesquiterpene lactones, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids. Moreover, Costunolide (COS) and Dehydrocostus lactone (DEH), two main research objects of modern pharmacology, showed multiple pharmacological activities. Not only could they inhibit the activity of some cancer cells (such as breast cancer and leukemia cells), but they regulated the levels of various inflammatory factors (including TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6) and repressed the growth and reproduction of various microorganisms (like Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus). CONCLUSION COS and DEH as the common active components, provide a certain basis for local medicine about the substitution of VR for AR in Sichuan province of China in the past. In addition, the sesquiterpenoids are the main common compounds in AR and VR by collecting and collating a large number of literature and various data websites. Furthermore, AR and VR have significant differences in ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry, especially in sesquiterpene lactones, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids and phenylpropanoids, and are probably viewed as reference of a separate list of AR and VR in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Chunlei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Holistic Integrative Medicine Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Qiang Medicine Standard Research Promotion Base and Collaborative Innovation Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 610106, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Bainrauch A, Šisl D, Markotić A, Ostojić A, Gašparov S, Bralić Lang V, Kovačić N, Grčević D, Mrzljak A, Kelava T. NOTCH3 rs1043996 Polymorphism Is Associated with the Occurrence of Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis Independently of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 Polymorphisms. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194621. [PMID: 34640639 PMCID: PMC8509578 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) is the most common indication for liver transplantation (LT) in Croatia and presents a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, genetic susceptibility has not yet been systematically studied. We aimed to investigate the contribution of the risk polymorphisms PNPLA3 rs738409, EGF rs4444903, TM6SF2 rs58542926, MTHFR rs1801133, previously identified in other populations and, additionally, the contribution of Notch-related polymorphisms (NOTCH1 rs3124591, NOTCH3 rs1043996 and rs1044116, NOTCH4 rs422951). The study included 401 patients. The ALC group consisted of 260 LT candidates, 128 of whom had histopathologically confirmed HCC, and 132 of whom were without HCC. The control group included 141 patients without liver disease. Genotyping was performed by PCR using Taqman assays. The patients' susceptibility to ALC was significantly associated with PNPLA3 rs738409, TM6SF2 rs58542926, and NOTCH3 rs1043996 polymorphisms. These polymorphisms remained significantly associated with ALC occurrence in a logistic regression model, even after additional model adjustment for sex and age. Cirrhotic patients with the PNPLA3 GG genotype demonstrated higher activity of ALT aminotransferases than patients with CC or CG genotypes. The susceptibility to the development of HCC in ALC was significantly associated with PNPLA3 rs738409 and EGF rs4444903 polymorphisms, and logistic regression confirmed these polymorphisms as independent predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bainrauch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dino Šisl
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (N.K.); (D.G.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Markotić
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Ostojić
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Slavko Gašparov
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (N.K.); (D.G.)
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (N.K.); (D.G.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anna Mrzljak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (T.K.); Tel.: +385-1-238-8888 (A.M.); +385-1-456-6945 (T.K.)
| | - Tomislav Kelava
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.Š.); (N.K.); (D.G.)
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (T.K.); Tel.: +385-1-238-8888 (A.M.); +385-1-456-6945 (T.K.)
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Costunolide Loaded in pH-Responsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Increased Stability and an Enhanced Anti-Fibrotic Effect. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100951. [PMID: 34681175 PMCID: PMC8539632 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis remains a significant public health problem. However, few drugs have yet been validated. Costunolide (COS), as a monomeric component of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Saussurea Lappa, has shown excellent anti-fibrotic efficacy. However, COS displays very poor aqueous solubility and poor stability in gastric juice, which greatly limits its application via an oral administration. To increase the stability, improve the dissolution rate and enhance the anti-liver fibrosis of COS, pH-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were selected as a drug carrier. Methacrylic acid copolymer (MAC) as a pH-sensitive material was used to coat the surface of MSNs. The drug release behavior and anti-liver fibrosis effects of MSNs-COS-MAC were evaluated. The results showed that MSNs-COS-MAC prevented a release in the gastric fluid and enhanced the dissolution rate of COS in the intestinal juice. At half the dose of COS, MSNs-COS-MAC still effectively ameliorated parenchymal necrosis, bile duct proliferation and excessive collagen. MSNs-COS-MAC significantly repressed hepatic fibrogenesis by decreasing the expression of hepatic fibrogenic markers in LX-2 cells and liver tissue. These results suggest that MSNs-COS-MAC shows great promise for anti-liver fibrosis treatment.
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Xiong DL, Li Q, Wang H, Jin WL, Fan XM, Ma YY. High expression of PPM1G is associated with the progression and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 34:13-22. [PMID: 34366322 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PPM1G, a member of the serine/threonine protease family, dephosphorylates various proteins and may be involved in cancer development. The role and mechanism of PPM1G in HCC still needs to be verified. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the role of PPM1G in the occurrence, development and prognosis of HCC. METHODS Using bioinformatics (UALCAN, cBioPortal, Linkedomics, STRING and GSEA) to analyze the expression of PPM1G mRNA in HCC, its clinical relevance and possible involved signaling pathways. The expression of PPM1G protein was determined by immunohistochemistry in 311 cases of HCC to evaluate the association between PPM1G and clinical features and prognosis. RESULTS The expression of PPM1G was significantly upregulated in HCC (P< 0.001), correlated with the metastasis (P= 0.020), pathological grade of HCC (P= 0.032), microvascular invasion (P= 0.040), and HBV infection (P= 0.041). Cox multivariate regression showed high expression of PPM1G was an independent prognostic factor for HCC. Its role in HCC may relate to methylation and frequency mutation. Furthermore, the database showed PPM1G is involved in the signal pathway such as cell cycle, WNT pathway, and mTOR pathway in HCC. CONCLUSION PPM1G showed an essential function involving in tumor-related pathways in HCC, providing a biological basis for targeted treatment of HCC clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Lei Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Li
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Graduate Department, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Wei-Li Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanxun People's Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Nanxun Branch), Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
Costunolide, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, has multiple pharmacological activities such as neuroprotection or induction of apoptosis and eryptosis. However, the effects of costunolide on pro-survival factors and enzymes in human erythrocytes, e.g. glutathione and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) respectively, have not been studied yet. Our aim was to determine the mechanisms underlying costunolide-induced eryptosis and to reverse this process. Phosphatidylserine exposure was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter in flow cytometry, and intracellular glutathione [GSH]i from high performance liquid chromatography. The oxidized status of intracellular glutathione and enzyme activities were measured by spectrophotometry. Treatment of erythrocytes with costunolide dose-dependently enhanced the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells, decreased the cell volume, depleted [GSH]i and completely inhibited G6PDH activity. The effects of costunolide on annexin-V-binding and cell volume were significantly reversed by pre-treatment of erythrocytes with the specific PKC-α inhibitor chelerythrine. The latter, however, had no effect on costunolide-induced GSH depletion. Costunolide induces eryptosis, depletes [GSH]i and inactivates G6PDH activity. Furthermore, our study reveals an inhibitory effect of chelerythrine on costunolide-induced eryptosis, indicating a relationship between costunolide and PKC-α. In addition, chelerythrine acts independently of the GSH depletion. Understanding the mechanisms of G6PDH inhibition accompanied by GSH depletion should be useful for development of anti-malarial therapeutic strategies or for synthetic lethality-based approaches to escalate oxidative stress in cancer cells for their sensitization to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Presegetane diterpenoids from Euphorbia sieboldiana as a new type of anti-liver fibrosis agents that inhibit TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105222. [PMID: 34375196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven new diterpenoids, eupholenes A-G (1-7), including two presegetanes (1 and 2), four jatrophanes (3-6), and one paraliane (7), along with 19 known analogues (8-26) were obtained by anti-liver fibrosis bioassay-guided isolation of Euphorbia sieboldiana. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analyses, chemical methods, ECD calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffractions. Euphorbesulin A (10), a presegetane diterpenoid (5/9/5 ring system), was identified as a promising anti-liver fibrosis agent that could inhibit the expressions of fibronectin (FN), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I in TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells at a micromolar level. Mechanistic study revealed that 10 suppressed liver fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, and its potential target was TGF-β type I receptor. These findings suggested that presegetane diterpenoid could serve as a new type of structural motif in future anti-liver fibrosis drug development.
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Huang H, Yi JK, Lim SG, Park S, Zhang H, Kim E, Jang S, Lee MH, Liu K, Kim KR, Kim EK, Lee Y, Kim SH, Ryoo ZY, Kim MO. Costunolide Induces Apoptosis via the Reactive Oxygen Species and Protein Kinase B Pathway in Oral Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7509. [PMID: 34299129 PMCID: PMC8305390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) has been attracted research attention in recent years as result of its high morbidity and mortality. Costunolide (CTD) possesses potential anticancer and bioactive abilities that have been confirmed in several types of cancers. However, its effects on oral cancer remain unclear. This study investigated the potential anticancer ability and underlying mechanisms of CTD in OC in vivo and in vitro. Cell viability and anchorage-independent colony formation assays were performed to examine the antigrowth effects of CTD on OC cells; assessments for migration and invasion of OC cells were conducted by transwell; Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated by flow cytometry and verified by immunoblotting. The results revealed that CTD suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of oral cancer cells effectively and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; regarding the mechanism, CTD bound to AKT directly by binding assay and repressed AKT activities through kinase assay, which thereby downregulating the downstream of AKT. Furthermore, CTD remarkably promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species by flow cytometry assay, leading to cell apoptosis. Notably, CTD strongly suppresses cell-derived xenograft OC tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model. In conclusion, our results suggested that costunolide might prevent progression of OC and promise to be a novel AKT inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.H.); (H.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Jun-Koo Yi
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 36052, Korea;
| | - Su-Geun Lim
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-G.L.); (S.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Sijun Park
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-G.L.); (S.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.H.); (H.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Eungyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.H.); (H.Z.); (E.K.)
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-G.L.); (S.P.); (S.J.)
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea;
| | - Kangdong Liu
- The Pathophysiology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China;
| | - Ki-Rim Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (K.-R.K.); (E.-K.K.)
| | - Eun-Kyong Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (K.-R.K.); (E.-K.K.)
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Bio-Medical Analysis, Korea Polytechnic College, Chungnam 34134, Korea;
| | - Zae-Young Ryoo
- Gyeongbuk Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju 36052, Korea;
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea; (H.H.); (H.Z.); (E.K.)
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Meng F, Zong W, Wei X, Tao Y, Wang G, Liao Z, Chen M. Dolomiaea souliei ethyl acetate extract protected against α-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced acute intrahepatic cholestasis through regulation of farnesoid x receptor-mediated bile acid metabolism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153588. [PMID: 34091148 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis is characterized by accumulation of bile components in liver and systemic circulation. Restoration of bile acid homeostasis via activating farnesoid x receptor (FXR) is a promising strategy for the treatment of cholestasis. FXR-SHP (small heterodimer partner) axis plays an important role in maintaining bile acid homeostasis. PURPOSE To investigate the anti-cholestasis effect of Dolomiaea souliei (Franch.) C.Shih (D. souliei) and clarify its underlying mechanism against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) induced acute intrahepatic cholestasis. METHODS ANIT-induced Sprague-Dawley rats were employed to investigate the anti-cholestasis effect of D. souliei ethyl acetate extract (DSE). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was used as positive control. Bile flow and blood biochemical parameters were measured. Liver histopathological examination was conducted via hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate the protein levels related to bile acids metabolism and inflammation. The interactions between FXR and costunolide or dehydrocostus lactone, were conducted by molecular docking experiments. The effect of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and FXR expression were also evaluated using guggulsterone-induced L02 cells. RESULTS DSE could promote bile excretions and protect against ANIT-induced liver damage in cholestasis rats. Protein levels of FXR, SHP, Na+/taurocholate cotransporter (NTCP), bile salt export pump (BSEP), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) were increased and the expressions of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) were decreased by DSE. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also significantly increased, and the pro-inflammatory factor, interleukin-10 (IL-10), was significantly decreased in rats of DSE groups. Molecular docking revealed that costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone could be well docked into the FXR protein molecule, and hydrophobic interactions played the main function. Costunolide could reverse the increased AST and ALT levels and increase the FXR expression in guggulsterone-induced L02 cells. CONCLUSION DSE had an anti-cholestasis effect by activating FXR-SHP axis, inhibiting synthesis of bile acid, and increasing bile secretion, together with inflammatory response and improving liver injury. Costunolide may be the main active component. This study provided a potential therapeutic mechanism for D. souliei as an anti-cholestasis medicine in the treatment of cholestasis liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- FanCheng Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - XiaoDong Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - YunYi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - GuoWei Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - ZhiHua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China.
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Zhu X, Ye S, Yu D, Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang M, Leng Y, Yang T, Luo J, Chen X, Zhang H, Kong L. Physalin B attenuates liver fibrosis via suppressing LAP2α-HDAC1-mediated deacetylation of the transcription factor GLI1 and hepatic stellate cell activation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3428-3447. [PMID: 33864382 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liver fibrosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide but lacks any acceptable therapy. The transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1 (GLI1) is a potentially important therapeutic target in liver fibrosis. This study investigates the anti-fibrotic activities and potential mechanisms of the phytochemical, physalin B. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Two mouse models (CCl4 challenge and bile duct ligation) were used to assess antifibrotic effects of physalin B in vivo. Mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) and human HSC line LX-2 also served as in vitro liver fibrosis models. Liver fibrogenic genes, GLI1 and GLI1 downstream genes were examined using Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). GLI1 acetylation and LAP2α-HDAC1 interaction were analysed by co-immunoprecipitation. KEY RESULTS In vivo, physalin B administration attenuated hepatic histopathological injury and collagen accumulation and decreased expression of fibrogenic genes. Physalin B dose-dependently suppressed fibrotic marker expression in LX-2 cells and mouse pHSCs. Mechanistic studies showed that physalin B inhibited GLI activity by non-canonical Hedgehog signalling. Physalin B blocked formation of lamina-associated polypeptide 2α (LAP2α)/histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) complexes, thus inhibiting HDAC1-mediated GLI1 deacetylation. Physalin B up-regulated acetylation of GLI1, down-regulated expression of GLI1 and subsequently inhibited HSC activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Physalin B exerted potent antifibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo by disrupting LAP2α/HDAC1 complexes, increasing GLI1 acetylation and inactivating GLI1. This indicates that the phytochemical physalin B may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengtao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingrong Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Lin YR, Yang WJ, Yang GW. Prognostic and immunological potential of PPM1G in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12929-12954. [PMID: 33952716 PMCID: PMC8148464 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) remains one of the most common causes of cancer death. Prior research suggested that the PPM1G gene is involved in LIHC. To explore the role of PPM1G in LIHC, we used several online databases. Expression profiling was performed via the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Hepatocellular Carcinoma Database (HCCDB), Oncomine and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) platforms. Mutation profiles were investigated via cBio Cancer Genomics Portal (cBioPortal). Survival analysis was performed via the Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) platforms. The biological function of PPM1G was analyzed via the Enrichr database. The influence of PPM1G expression in the tumor immune microenvironment was assessed via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). PPM1G expression was upregulated in various tumors, including LIHC. Overexpression of PPM1G was associated with poor prognosis in LIHC. PPM1G expression might be regulated by promoter methylation, copy number variations (CNVs) and kinases and correlate with immune infiltration. The gene ontology (GO) terms associated with high PPM1G expression were mRNA splicing and the cell cycle. The results suggest that PPM1G is correlated with the prognosis of LIHC patients and associated with the tumor immune microenvironment in LIHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ren Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shunyi Hospital of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Wang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shunyi Hospital of Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Dongcheng, Beijing, China
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Costunolide ameliorates colitis via specific inhibition of HIF1α/glycolysis-mediated Th17 differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107688. [PMID: 33932695 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder of colon. Costunolide, the main active constituent of Radix Aucklandiae, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of costunolide on UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Results showed that oral administration of costunolide significantly improved the disease active index (DAI), rescued the reduction of colon length, downregulated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, alleviated the pathological changes, and decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in colons of colitis mice. Costunolide also rebalanced Th17/Treg cells in colons, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen, as indicated by decreased percentages of Th17 cells and reduced mRNA expressions of Rorc, Il17a. Interestingly, the in vitro experiment showed that no significant change in dendritic cell maturation, mRNA expressions of Ifng, Il6 and Treg cell differentiation, but a significant decreased Th17 cell differentiation was observed upon costunolide treatment. Deeper mechanistic studies showed that costunolide triggered the prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2)-triggered proline hydroxylation-ubiquitination-proteasome degradation of HIF-1α, which in turn inactivated glycolytic process in Th17 rather than Treg cells. These findings clearly suggest that inhibition of HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis by costunolide is specifically responsible for Th17 cell differentiation and subsequent alleviation of UC and sets the stage for a new perspective on immune-metabolism therapy for colitis.
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Huang H, Park S, Zhang H, Park S, Kwon W, Kim E, Zhang X, Jang S, Yoon D, Choi SK, Yi JK, Kim SH, Dong Z, Lee MH, Ryoo Z, Kim MO. Targeting AKT with costunolide suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer cells and induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:114. [PMID: 33785035 PMCID: PMC8010944 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a clinically challenging malignant tumor worldwide. As a natural product and sesquiterpene lactone, Costunolide (CTD) has been reported to possess anticancer activities. However, the regulation mechanism and precise target of this substance remain undiscovered in CRC. In this study, we found that CTD inhibited CRC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo by targeting AKT. METHODS Effects of CTD on colon cancer cell growth in vitro were evaluated in cell proliferation assays, migration and invasion, propidium iodide, and annexin V-staining analyses. Targets of CTD were identified utilizing phosphoprotein-specific antibody array; Costunolide-sepharose conjugated bead pull-down analysis and knockdown techniques. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of CTD by ubiquitination, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot assays. Cell-derived tumour xenografts (CDX) in nude mice and immunohistochemistry were used to assess anti-tumour effects of CTD in vivo. RESULTS CTD suppressed the proliferation, anchorage-independent colony growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of CRC cells including HCT-15, HCT-116 and DLD1. Besides, the CTD also triggered cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The CTD activates and induces p53 stability by inhibiting MDM2 ubiquitination via the suppression of AKT's phosphorylation in vitro. The CTD suppresses cell growth in a p53-independent fashion manner; p53 activation may contribute to the anticancer activity of CTD via target AKT. Finally, the CTD decreased the volume of CDX tumors without of the body weight loss and reduced the expression of AKT-MDM2-p53 signaling pathway in xenograft tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our project has uncovered the mechanism underlying the biological activity of CTD in colon cancer and confirmed the AKT is a directly target of CTD. All of which These results revealed that CTD might be a new AKT inhibitor in colon cancer treatment, and CTD is worthy of further exploration in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Park
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Sijun Park
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookbong Kwon
- Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Enugyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Soyoung Jang
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Duhak Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyoon Choi
- Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Koo Yi
- Gyeongsangbuk-do Livestock Research Institute, Yeongju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Bio-Medical Analysis, Korea Polytechnic College, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanamdo, 58245, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zaeyoung Ryoo
- School of Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myoung Ok Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, ITRD, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea.
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Novel IMB16-4 Compound Loaded into Silica Nanoparticles Exhibits Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and Increased Anti-Liver Fibrosis In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061545. [PMID: 33799909 PMCID: PMC8000840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis, as a common and refractory disease, is challenging to treat due to the lack of effective agents worldwide. Recently, we have developed a novel compound, N-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-2(3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide) benzamide (IMB16-4), which is expected to have good potential effects against liver fibrosis. However, IMB16-4 is water-insoluble and has very low bioavailability. Methods: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were selected as drug carriers for the purpose of increasing the dissolution of IMB16-4, as well as improving its oral bioavailability and inhibiting liver fibrosis. The physical states of IMB16-4 and IMB16-4-MSNs were investigated using nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), HPLC, UV-Vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results: The results show that MSNs enhanced the dissolution rate of IMB16-4 significantly. IMB16-4-MSNs reduced cytotoxicity at high concentrations of IMB16-4 on human hepatic stellate cells LX-2 cells and improved oral bioavailability up to 530% compared with raw IMB16-4 on Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. In addition, IMB16-4-MSNs repressed hepatic fibrogenesis by decreasing the expression of hepatic fibrogenic markers, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) in LX-2 cells. Conclusions: These results provided powerful information on the use of IMB16-4-MSNs for the treatment of liver fibrosis in the future.
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Piras IS, Gerhard GS, DiStefano JK. Palmitate and Fructose Interact to Induce Human Hepatocytes to Produce Pro-Fibrotic Transcriptional Responses in Hepatic Stellate Cells Exposed to Conditioned Media. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 54:1068-1082. [PMID: 33095528 PMCID: PMC8265013 DOI: 10.33594/000000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Excessive consumption of dietary fat and sugar is associated with an elevated risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatocytes exposed to saturated fat or sugar exert effects on nearby hepatic stellate cells (HSCs); however, the mechanisms by which this occurs are poorly understood. We sought to determine whether paracrine effects of hepatocytes exposed to palmitate and fructose produced profibrotic transcriptional responses in HSCs. METHODS We performed expression profiling of mRNA and lncRNA from HSCs treated with conditioned media (CM) from human hepatocytes treated with palmitate (P), fructose (F), or both (PF). RESULTS In HSCs exposed to CM from palmitate-treated hepatocytes, we identified 374 mRNAs and 607 lncRNAs showing significant differential expression (log2 foldchange ≥ |1|; FDR ≤0.05) compared to control cells. In HSCs exposed to CM from PF-treated hepatocytes, the number of differentially expressed genes was much higher (1198 mRNAs and 3348 lncRNAs); however, CM from fructose-treated hepatocytes elicited no significant changes in gene expression. Pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed enrichment for hepatic fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation in P- (FDR =1.30E-04) and PF-(FDR =9.24E-06)
groups. We observed 71 lncRNA/nearby mRNA pairs showing differential expression under PF conditions. There were 90 mRNAs and 264 lncRNAs strongly correlated between the PF group and differentially expressed transcripts from a comparison of activated and quiescent HSCs, suggesting that some of the transcriptomic changes occurring in response to PF overlap with HSC activation. CONCLUSION The results reported here have implications for dietary modifications in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Glenn S Gerhard
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ge H, Wang A, Su Y, Yu C, Gao L, Li Y. Ameliorative effects of Qingganjiuwei powder, a traditional Mongolian medicine, against CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113226. [PMID: 32829054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qingganjiuwei powder (QGJWS) is a well-known traditional drug containing nine kinds of medicinal materials. This drug is commonly used in the Inner Mongolia region and exerts remarkable clinical effects on hepatic protection. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate whether QGJWS inhibits liver fibrosis in rats and to reveal its potential mechanisms. METHODS Liver fibrosis model was induced by CCl4 for 8 weeks in SD rats. Next, rats were intragastrically administered quantum satis doses of QGJWS (0.525, 1.575, 4.725 g/kg per day) or Silymarin (SIL; 120 mg/kg per day) for 8 weeks. Afterwards, the rats were sacrificed, and serum aminotransferase (ALT and AST) levels, histopathological changes as well as the mRNA and protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase1 (TIMP1), collagen type Ⅰ(COL1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), combined with phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), C-Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNKs) and stress-activated protein kinase-2 (p38) protein in liver tissues were measured in each groups, respectively. RESULTS The symptoms and signs of the model rats were consistent with the diagnostic criteria of liver fibrosis. By contrast, treatment with QGJWS clearly improved the general condition of rats. Also, the morphology and structure of liver can be ameliorated, there are fewer hepatocyte necrosis and lymphocytic infiltration and pseudolobuli in QGJWS treatment groups as demonstrated by histopathological analysis, thus helping bring about lower METAVIR scores. QGJWS administration also dramatically decreased serum ALT and AST levels. Further immunohistochemistry, western blotting and Real-Time PCR analysis revealed that QGJWS significantly enhanced the mRNA and protein expression of MMP2, MMP9, and downregulated the expression levels of COL1, TIMP1 and α-SMA. Furthermore, QGJWS reduced the activities of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway in liver by inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK, JNKs and p38 proteins. CONCLUSIONS QGJWS offers notable protection against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, which may be due to its ability to inhibited the MAPKs signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; XiuZheng Pharmaceutical Group Company Limited, Changchun, China
| | - Anqing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ya Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - ChunLei Yu
- Research Center of Agriculture and Medicine Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Lu Gao
- XiuZheng Pharmaceutical Group Company Limited, Changchun, China.
| | - Yuxin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Druggable Gene and Protein Screening, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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Ma X, Jiang Y, Wen J, Zhao Y, Zeng J, Guo Y. A comprehensive review of natural products to fight liver fibrosis: Alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins and other compounds. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173578. [PMID: 32976828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of drugs to treat liver fibrosis has long been a challenge over the past decades due to its complicated pathogenesis. As a primary approach for drug development, natural products account for 30% of clinical drugs used for disease treatment. Therefore, natural products are increasingly important for their medicinal value in liver fibrosis therapy. In this part of the review, special focus is placed on the effect and mechanism of natural compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins and others. A total of 36 kinds of natural compounds demonstrate significant antifibrotic effects in various liver fibrosis models in vivo and in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro. Revealing the mechanism will provide further basis for clinical conversion, as well as accelerate drug discovery. The mechanism was further summarized with the finding of network regulation by several natural products, such as oxymatrine, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1 and taurine. Moreover, there are still improvements needed in investigating clinical efficacy, determining mechanisms, and combining applications, as well as semisynthesis and modification. Therefore, natural products area promising resource for agents that protect against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jianxia Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Yaoguang Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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CORRECTION. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:1453. [DOI: 10.1111/bph.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ge MX, Liu HT, Zhang N, Niu WX, Lu ZN, Bao YY, Huang R, Yu DK, Shao RG, He HW. Costunolide represses hepatic fibrosis through WW domain-containing protein 2-mediated Notch3 degradation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:372-387. [PMID: 31621893 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study investigates the antifibrotic activities and potential mechanisms of costunolide (COS), a natural sesquiterpene compound. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats subjected to bile duct ligation and mice challenged with CCl4 were used to study the antifibrotic effects of COS in vivo. Mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) and human HSC line LX-2 also served as an in vitro liver fibrosis models. The expression of fibrogenic genes and signaling proteins in the neurogenic locus notch homologue protein 3 (Notch3)-hairy/enhancer of split-1 (HES1) pathway was examined using western blot and/or real-time PCR. Notch3 degradation was analysed using immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation. KEY RESULTS In animals, COS administration attenuated hepatic histopathological injury and collagen accumulation and reduced the expression of fibrogenic genes. COS time- and dose-dependently suppressed the levels of fibrotic markers in LX-2 cells and mouse pHSCs. Mechanistic studies showed COS destabilized Notch3 and subsequently inhibited the Notch3-HES1 pathway, thus inhibiting HSC activation. Furthermore, COS blocked the WW domain-containing protein 2 (WWP2)/protein phosphatase 1G (PPM1G) interaction and enhanced the effect of WWP2 on Notch3 degradation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS COS exerted potent antifibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo by disrupting the WWP2/PPM1G complex, promoting Notch3 degradation and inhibiting the Notch3/HES1 pathway. This indicates that COS may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Xu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Ning Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Yang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of digestive surgery, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Ke Yu
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong-Guang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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