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Liao L, Qin Q, Yi D, Lai Q, Cong B, Zhang H, Shao Z, Zhang J, Chen B. Evolution and adaptation of terrestrial plant-associated Plantibacter species into remote marine environments. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17385. [PMID: 38738821 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Microbes are thought to be distributed and circulated around the world, but the connection between marine and terrestrial microbiomes remains largely unknown. We use Plantibacter, a representative genus associated with plants, as our research model to investigate the global distribution and adaptation of plant-related bacteria in plant-free environments, particularly in the remote Southern Ocean and the deep Atlantic Ocean. The marine isolates and their plant-associated relatives shared over 98% whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI), indicating recent divergence and ongoing speciation from plant-related niches to marine environments. Comparative genomics revealed that the marine strains acquired new genes via horizontal gene transfer from non-Plantibacter species and refined existing genes through positive selection to improve adaptation to new habitats. Meanwhile, marine strains retained the ability to interact with plants, such as modifying root system architecture and promoting germination. Furthermore, Plantibacter species were found to be widely distributed in marine environments, revealing an unrecognized phenomenon that plant-associated microbiomes have colonized the ocean, which could serve as a reservoir for plant growth-promoting microbes. This study demonstrates the presence of an active reservoir of terrestrial plant growth-promoting bacteria in remote marine systems and advances our understanding of the microbial connections between plant-associated and plant-free environments at the genome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liao
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qilong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dian Yi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiliang Lai
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, P. R. China, Xiamen, China
| | - Bolin Cong
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, P. R. China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongze Shao
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, P. R. China, Xiamen, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
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2
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Buschi E, Dell’Anno A, Tangherlini M, Stefanni S, Lo Martire M, Núñez-Pons L, Avila C, Corinaldesi C. Rhodobacteraceae dominate the core microbiome of the sea star Odontaster validus (Koehler, 1906) in two opposite geographical sectors of the Antarctic Ocean. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234725. [PMID: 37799611 PMCID: PMC10548270 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays essential roles in the health, physiology, and in adaptation of marine multi-cellular organisms to their environment. In Antarctica, marine organisms have a wide range of unique physiological functions and adaptive strategies, useful for coping with extremely cold conditions. However, the role of microbiota associated with Antarctic organisms in such adaptive strategies is underexplored. In the present study, we investigated the diversity and putative functions of the microbiome of the sea star Odontaster validus, one of the main keystone species of the Antarctic benthic ecosystems. We compared the whole-body bacterial microbiome of sea stars from different sites of the Antarctic Peninsula and Ross Sea, two areas located in two opposite geographical sectors of the Antarctic continent. The taxonomic composition of O. validus microbiomes changed both between and within the two Antarctic sectors, suggesting that environmental and biological factors acting both at large and local scales may influence microbiome diversity. Despite this, one bacterial family (Rhodobacteraceae) was shared among all sea star individuals from the two geographical sectors, representing up to 95% of the microbial core, and suggesting a key functional role of this taxon in holobiont metabolism and well-being. In addition, the genus Roseobacter belonging to this family was also present in the surrounding sediment, implying a potential horizontal acquisition of dominant bacterial core taxa via host-selection processes from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Buschi
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica di Napoli “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Fano, Italy
| | - Antonio Dell’Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michael Tangherlini
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica di Napoli “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Fano, Italy
| | - Sergio Stefanni
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica di Napoli “Anton Dohrn”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Lo Martire
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Núñez-Pons
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica di Napoli “Anton Dohrn”, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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3
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Mairal M, García-Verdugo C, Le Roux JJ, Chau JH, van Vuuren BJ, Hui C, Münzbergová Z, Chown SL, Shaw JD. Multiple introductions, polyploidy and mixed reproductive strategies are linked to genetic diversity and structure in the most widespread invasive plant across Southern Ocean archipelagos. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:756-771. [PMID: 36478264 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions in remote areas that experience low human activity provide unique opportunities to elucidate processes responsible for invasion success. Here we study the most widespread invasive plant species across the isolated islands of the Southern Ocean, the annual bluegrass, Poa annua. To analyse geographical variation in genome size, genetic diversity and reproductive strategies, we sampled all major sub-Antarctic archipelagos in this region and generated microsatellite data for 470 individual plants representing 31 populations. We also estimated genome sizes for a subset of individuals using flow cytometry. Occasional events of island colonization are expected to result in high genetic structure among islands, overall low genetic diversity and increased self-fertilization, but we show that this is not the case for P. annua. Microsatellite data indicated low population genetic structure and lack of isolation by distance among the sub-Antarctic archipelagos we sampled, but high population structure within each archipelago. We identified high levels of genetic diversity, low clonality and low selfing rates in sub-Antarctic P. annua populations (contrary to rates typical of continental populations). In turn, estimates of selfing declined in populations as genetic diversity increased. Additionally, we found that most P. annua individuals are probably tetraploid and that only slight variation exists in genome size across the Southern Ocean. Our findings suggest multiple independent introductions of P. annua into the sub-Antarctic, which promoted the establishment of genetically diverse populations. Despite multiple introductions, the adoption of convergent reproductive strategies (outcrossing) happened independently in each major archipelago. The combination of polyploidy and a mixed reproductive strategy probably benefited P. annua in the Southern Ocean by increasing genetic diversity and its ability to cope with the novel environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Mairal
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carlos García-Verdugo
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Biología, Universitat de les Illes Balears - Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Mallorca, Spain
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - John H Chau
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Bettine Jansen van Vuuren
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Cang Hui
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.,Biodiversity Informatics Unit, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Steven L Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justine D Shaw
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Antarctic Division, Tasmania, Kingston, Australia
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4
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Pacheco LI, Teso V, Pastorino G. Taxonomy and Biogeography of Bivalves of the Genus Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840, from the Southern Southwestern Atlantic Deep Sea. MALACOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.4002/040.065.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Ivan Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, Plataforma y Mar Profundo, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Ave. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Teso
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, Plataforma y Mar Profundo, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Ave. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido Pastorino
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Costeros, Plataforma y Mar Profundo, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia,” Ave. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Strugnell JM, McGregor HV, Wilson NG, Meredith KT, Chown SL, Lau SCY, Robinson SA, Saunders KM. Emerging biological archives can reveal ecological and climatic change in Antarctica. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6483-6508. [PMID: 35900301 PMCID: PMC9826052 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is causing observable changes in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean including increased air and ocean temperatures, glacial melt leading to sea-level rise and a reduction in salinity, and changes to freshwater water availability on land. These changes impact local Antarctic ecosystems and the Earth's climate system. The Antarctic has experienced significant past environmental change, including cycles of glaciation over the Quaternary Period (the past ~2.6 million years). Understanding Antarctica's paleoecosystems, and the corresponding paleoenvironments and climates that have shaped them, provides insight into present day ecosystem change, and importantly, helps constrain model projections of future change. Biological archives such as extant moss beds and peat profiles, biological proxies in lake and marine sediments, vertebrate animal colonies, and extant terrestrial and benthic marine invertebrates, complement other Antarctic paleoclimate archives by recording the nature and rate of past ecological change, the paleoenvironmental drivers of that change, and constrain current ecosystem and climate models. These archives provide invaluable information about terrestrial ice-free areas, a key location for Antarctic biodiversity, and the continental margin which is important for understanding ice sheet dynamics. Recent significant advances in analytical techniques (e.g., genomics, biogeochemical analyses) have led to new applications and greater power in elucidating the environmental records contained within biological archives. Paleoecological and paleoclimate discoveries derived from biological archives, and integration with existing data from other paleoclimate data sources, will significantly expand our understanding of past, present, and future ecological change, alongside climate change, in a unique, globally significant region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M. Strugnell
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Helen V. McGregor
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nerida G. Wilson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureWestern Australian MuseumWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Research and CollectionsWestern Australian MuseumWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Karina T. Meredith
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureAustralian Nuclear Science and Technology OrganisationLucas HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Steven L. Chown
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sally C. Y. Lau
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture and College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Krystyna M. Saunders
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental FutureAustralian Nuclear Science and Technology OrganisationLucas HeightsNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
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6
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Murphy EJ, Johnston NM, Hofmann EE, Phillips RA, Jackson JA, Constable AJ, Henley SF, Melbourne-Thomas J, Trebilco R, Cavanagh RD, Tarling GA, Saunders RA, Barnes DKA, Costa DP, Corney SP, Fraser CI, Höfer J, Hughes KA, Sands CJ, Thorpe SE, Trathan PN, Xavier JC. Global Connectivity of Southern Ocean Ecosystems. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.624451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern Ocean ecosystems are globally important. Processes in the Antarctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and the Southern Ocean directly influence global atmospheric and oceanic systems. Southern Ocean biogeochemistry has also been shown to have global importance. In contrast, ocean ecological processes are often seen as largely separate from the rest of the global system. In this paper, we consider the degree of ecological connectivity at different trophic levels, linking Southern Ocean ecosystems with the global ocean, and their importance not only for the regional ecosystem but also the wider Earth system. We also consider the human system connections, including the role of Southern Ocean ecosystems in supporting society, culture, and economy in many nations, influencing public and political views and hence policy. Rather than Southern Ocean ecosystems being defined by barriers at particular oceanic fronts, ecological changes are gradual due to cross-front exchanges involving oceanographic processes and organism movement. Millions of seabirds and hundreds of thousands of cetaceans move north out of polar waters in the austral autumn interacting in food webs across the Southern Hemisphere, and a few species cross the equator. A number of species migrate into the east and west ocean-basin boundary current and continental shelf regions of the major southern continents. Human travel in and out of the Southern Ocean region includes fisheries, tourism, and scientific vessels in all ocean sectors. These operations arise from many nations, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, and are important in local communities as well as national economic, scientific, and political activities. As a result of the extensive connectivity, future changes in Southern Ocean ecosystems will have consequences throughout the Earth system, affecting ecosystem services with socio-economic impacts throughout the world. The high level of connectivity also means that changes and policy decisions in marine ecosystems outside the Southern Ocean have consequences for ecosystems south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Knowledge of Southern Ocean ecosystems and their global connectivity is critical for interpreting current change, projecting future change impacts, and identifying integrated strategies for conserving and managing both the Southern Ocean and the broader Earth system.
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7
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Using correlative and mechanistic niche models to assess the sensitivity of the Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri to climate change. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Biodiversity and biogeography of hydroids across marine ecoregions and provinces of southern South America and Antarctica. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Schwob G, Segovia NI, González-Wevar C, Cabrol L, Orlando J, Poulin E. Exploring the Microdiversity Within Marine Bacterial Taxa: Toward an Integrated Biogeography in the Southern Ocean. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703792. [PMID: 34335536 PMCID: PMC8317501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the microbial biogeographic patterns in the oceans have been depicted at the whole community level, leaving out finer taxonomic resolution (i.e., microdiversity) that is crucial to conduct intra-population phylogeographic study, as commonly done for macroorganisms. Here, we present a new approach to unravel the bacterial phylogeographic patterns combining community-wide survey by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding and intra-species resolution through the oligotyping method, allowing robust estimations of genetic and phylogeographic indices, and migration parameters. As a proof-of-concept, we focused on the bacterial genus Spirochaeta across three distant biogeographic provinces of the Southern Ocean; maritime Antarctica, sub-Antarctic Islands, and Patagonia. Each targeted Spirochaeta operational taxonomic units were characterized by a substantial intrapopulation microdiversity, and significant genetic differentiation and phylogeographic structure among the three provinces. Gene flow estimations among Spirochaeta populations support the role of the Antarctic Polar Front as a biogeographic barrier to bacterial dispersal between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic provinces. Conversely, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current appears as the main driver of gene flow, connecting sub-Antarctic Islands with Patagonia and maritime Antarctica. Additionally, historical processes (drift and dispersal limitation) govern up to 86% of the spatial turnover among Spirochaeta populations. Overall, our approach bridges the gap between microbial and macrobial ecology by revealing strong congruency with macroorganisms distribution patterns at the populational level, shaped by the same oceanographic structures and ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Schwob
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás I. Segovia
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Claudio González-Wevar
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Fondap IDEAL, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Léa Cabrol
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
- Aix Marseille University, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), Marseille, France
| | - Julieta Orlando
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elie Poulin
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Abstract
The Antarctic environment is famously inhospitable to most terrestrial biodiversity, traditionally viewed as a driver of species extinction. Combining population- and species-level molecular data, we show that beetles on islands along the Antarctic Polar Front diversified in response to major climatic events over the last 50 Ma in surprising synchrony with the region’s marine organisms. Unique algae- and moss-feeding habits enabled beetles to capitalize on cooling conditions, which resulted in a decline in flowering plants—the typical hosts for beetles elsewhere. Antarctica’s cooling paleoclimate thus fostered the diversification of both terrestrial and marine life. Climatically driven evolutionary processes since the Miocene may underpin much of the region’s diversity, are still ongoing, and should be further investigated among Antarctic biota. Global cooling and glacial–interglacial cycles since Antarctica’s isolation have been responsible for the diversification of the region’s marine fauna. By contrast, these same Earth system processes are thought to have played little role terrestrially, other than driving widespread extinctions. Here, we show that on islands along the Antarctic Polar Front, paleoclimatic processes have been key to diversification of one of the world’s most geographically isolated and unique groups of herbivorous beetles—Ectemnorhinini weevils. Combining phylogenomic, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic approaches, we demonstrate that these weevils colonized the sub-Antarctic islands from Africa at least 50 Ma ago and repeatedly dispersed among them. As the climate cooled from the mid-Miocene, diversification of the beetles accelerated, resulting in two species-rich clades. One of these clades specialized to feed on cryptogams, typical of the polar habitats that came to prevail under Miocene conditions yet remarkable as a food source for any beetle. This clade’s most unusual representative is a marine weevil currently undergoing further speciation. The other clade retained the more common weevil habit of feeding on angiosperms, which likely survived glaciation in isolated refugia. Diversification of Ectemnorhinini weevils occurred in synchrony with many other Antarctic radiations, including penguins and notothenioid fishes, and coincided with major environmental changes. Our results thus indicate that geo-climatically driven diversification has progressed similarly for Antarctic marine and terrestrial organisms since the Miocene, potentially constituting a general biodiversity paradigm that should be sought broadly for the region’s taxa.
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11
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Stevens MI, Greenslade P, D’Haese CA. Species diversity in
Friesea
(Neanuridae) reveals similar biogeographic patterns among Antarctic Collembola. ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark I. Stevens
- Biological and Earth Sciences South Australian Museum Adelaide SA Australia
- School of Biological Sciences University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Penelope Greenslade
- Environmental Management School of Science, Psychology and Sport Federation University Ballarat VIC Australia
- School of Biology Australian National University Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Cyrille A. D’Haese
- MECADEV UMR 7179 CNRS MNHN Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris France
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12
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González-Wevar CA, Segovia NI, Rosenfeld S, Noll D, Maturana CS, Hüne M, Naretto J, Gérard K, Díaz A, Spencer HG, Saucède T, Féral JP, Morley SA, Brickle P, Wilson NG, Poulin E. Contrasting biogeographical patterns in Margarella (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae: Margarellinae) across the Antarctic Polar Front. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 156:107039. [PMID: 33310059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Members of the trochoidean genus Margarella (Calliostomatidae) are broadly distributed across Antarctic and sub-Antarctic ecosystems. Here we used novel mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences to clarify species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among seven nominal species distributed on either side of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF). Molecular reconstructions and species-delimitation analyses recognized only four species: M. antarctica (the Antarctic Peninsula), M. achilles (endemic to South Georgia), M. steineni (South Georgia and Crozet Island) and the morphologically variable M. violacea (=M. expansa, M. porcellana and M. pruinosa), with populations in southern South America, the Falkland/Malvinas, Crozet and Kerguelen Islands. Margarella violacea and M. achilles are sister species, closely related to M. steineni, with M. antarctica sister to all these. This taxonomy reflects contrasting biogeographic patterns on either side of the APF in the Southern Ocean. Populations of Margarella north of the APF (M. violacea) showed significant genetic variation but with many shared haplotypes between geographically distant populations. By contrast, populations south of the APF (M. antarctica, M. steineni and M. achilles) exhibited fewer haplotypes and comprised three distinct species, each occurring across a separate geographical range. We hypothesize that the biogeographical differences may be the consequence of the presence north of the APF of buoyant kelps - potential long-distance dispersal vectors for these vetigastropods with benthic-protected development - and their near-absence to the south. Finally, we suggest that the low levels of genetic diversity within higher-latitude Margarella reflect the impact of Quaternary glacial cycles that exterminated local populations during their maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A González-Wevar
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigación en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - N I Segovia
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Rosenfeld
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - D Noll
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - C S Maturana
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Hüne
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Naretto
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - K Gérard
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile
| | - A Díaz
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - H G Spencer
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Saucède
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, 6, boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - J-P Féral
- AMU/CNRS/IRD/AU-IMBE-Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, UMR 7263, Station Marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - S A Morley
- British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council. Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge CB30ET, UK
| | - P Brickle
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute (SAERI), PO Box 609, Stanley Cottage, Stanley, Falkland Islands, UK
| | - N G Wilson
- Collections & Research, Western Australian Museum, 49 Kew St, Welshpool 6106, Perth, WA, Australia; University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia
| | - E Poulin
- Instituto Milenio de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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Fabri-Ruiz S, Navarro N, Laffont R, Danis B, Saucède T. Diversity of Antarctic Echinoids and Ecoregions of the Southern Ocean. BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020060047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Baird HP, Moon KL, Janion‐Scheepers C, Chown SL. Springtail phylogeography highlights biosecurity risks of repeated invasions and intraregional transfers among remote islands. Evol Appl 2020; 13:960-973. [PMID: 32431746 PMCID: PMC7232766 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-mediated transport of species outside their natural range is a rapidly growing threat to biodiversity, particularly for island ecosystems that have evolved in isolation. The genetic structure underpinning island populations will largely determine their response to increased transport and thus help to inform biosecurity management. However, this information is severely lacking for some groups, such as the soil fauna. We therefore analysed the phylogeographic structure of an indigenous and an invasive springtail species (Collembola: Poduromorpha), each distributed across multiple remote sub-Antarctic islands, where human activity is currently intensifying. For both species, we generated a genome-wide SNP data set and additionally analysed all available COI barcodes. Genetic differentiation in the indigenous springtail Tullbergia bisetosa is substantial among (and, to a lesser degree, within) islands, reflecting low dispersal and historic population fragmentation, while COI patterns reveal ancestral signatures of postglacial recolonization. This pronounced geographic structure demonstrates the key role of allopatric divergence in shaping the region's diversity and highlights the vulnerability of indigenous populations to genetic homogenization via human transport. For the invasive species Hypogastrura viatica, nuclear genetic structure is much less apparent, particularly for islands linked by regular shipping, while diverged COI haplotypes indicate multiple independent introductions to each island. Thus, human transport has likely facilitated this species' persistence since its initial colonization, through the ongoing introduction and inter-island spread of genetic variation. These findings highlight the different evolutionary consequences of human transport for indigenous and invasive soil species. Crucially, both outcomes demonstrate the need for improved intraregional biosecurity among remote island systems, where the policy focus to date has been on external introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena P. Baird
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Katherine L. Moon
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Charlene Janion‐Scheepers
- Iziko Museums of South AfricaCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Zoology & EntomologyUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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15
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Fabri-Ruiz S, Danis B, Navarro N, Koubbi P, Laffont R, Saucède T. Benthic ecoregionalization based on echinoid fauna of the Southern Ocean supports current proposals of Antarctic Marine Protected Areas under IPCC scenarios of climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2161-2180. [PMID: 31919925 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean (SO) is among the regions on Earth that are undergoing regionally the fastest environmental changes. The unique ecological features of its marine life make it particularly vulnerable to the multiple effects of climate change. A network of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) has started to be implemented in the SO to protect marine ecosystems. However, considering future predictions of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the relevance of current, static, MPAs may be questioned under future scenarios. In this context, the ecoregionalization approach can prove promising in identifying well-delimited regions of common species composition and environmental settings. These so-called ecoregions are expected to show similar biotic responses to environmental changes and can be used to define priority areas for the designation of new MPAs and the update of their current delimitation. In the present work, a benthic ecoregionalization of the entire SO is proposed for the first time based on abiotic environmental parameters and the distribution of echinoid fauna, a diversified and common member of Antarctic benthic ecosystems. A novel two-step approach was developed combining species distribution modeling with Random Forest and Gaussian Mixture modeling from species probabilities to define current ecoregions and predict future ecoregions under IPCC scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The ecological representativity of current and proposed MPAs of the SO is discussed with regard to the modeled benthic ecoregions. In all, 12 benthic ecoregions were determined under present conditions, they are representative of major biogeographic patterns already described. Our results show that the most dramatic changes can be expected along the Antarctic Peninsula, in East Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands under both IPCC scenarios. Our results advocate for a dynamic definition of MPAs, they also argue for improving the representativity of Antarctic ecoregions in proposed MPAs and support current proposals of Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources for the creation of Antarctic MPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Fabri-Ruiz
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS/EPHE 6282, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Danis
- Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Navarro
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS/EPHE 6282, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- EPHE, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Koubbi
- UFR 918 Terre Environnement et Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Paris Cedex 05, France
- IFREMER, Centre Manche mer du Nord. Laboratoire Halieutique de Manche-Mer du Nord, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Rémi Laffont
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS/EPHE 6282, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thomas Saucède
- Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS/EPHE 6282, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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16
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Jossart Q, Sands CJ, Sewell MA. Dwarf brooder versus giant broadcaster: combining genetic and reproductive data to unravel cryptic diversity in an Antarctic brittle star. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 123:622-633. [PMID: 31073238 PMCID: PMC6972741 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Poecilogony, or multiple developmental modes in a single species, is exceedingly rare. Several species described as poecilogenous were later demonstrated to be multiple (cryptic) species with a different developmental mode. The Southern Ocean is known to harbor a high proportion of brooders (Thorson's Rule) but with an increasing number of counter examples over recent years. Here we evaluated poecilogony vs. crypticism in the brittle star Astrotoma agassizii across the Southern Ocean. This species was initially described from South America as a brooder before some pelagic stages were identified in Antarctica. Reproductive and mitochondrial data were combined to unravel geographic and genetic variation of developmental modes. Our results indicate that A. agassizii is composed of seven well-supported and deeply divergent clades (I: Antarctica and South Georgia; II: South Georgia and Sub-Antarctic locations including Kerguelen, Patagonian shelf, and New Zealand; III-VI-VII: Patagonian shelf, IV-V: South Georgia). Two of these clades demonstrated strong size dimorphism when in sympatry and can be linked to differing developmental modes (Clade V: dwarf brooder vs. Clade I: giant broadcaster). Based on their restricted geographic distributions and on previous studies, it is likely that Clades III-VI-VII are brooders. Clade II is composed of different morphological species, A. agassizii and A. drachi, the latter originally used as the outgroup. By integrating morphology, reproductive, and molecular data we conclude that the variation identified in A. agassizii is best described as crypticism rather than poecilogony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Jossart
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK.
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Rexer-Huber K, Veale AJ, Catry P, Cherel Y, Dutoit L, Foster Y, McEwan JC, Parker GC, Phillips RA, Ryan PG, Stanworth AJ, van Stijn T, Thompson DR, Waters J, Robertson BC. Genomics detects population structure within and between ocean basins in a circumpolar seabird: The white-chinned petrel. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:4552-4572. [PMID: 31541577 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean represents a continuous stretch of circumpolar marine habitat, but the potential physical and ecological drivers of evolutionary genetic differentiation across this vast ecosystem remain unclear. We tested for genetic structure across the full circumpolar range of the white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) to unravel the potential drivers of population differentiation and test alternative population differentiation hypotheses. Following range-wide comprehensive sampling, we applied genomic (genotyping-by-sequencing or GBS; 60,709 loci) and standard mitochondrial-marker approaches (cytochrome b and first domain of control region) to quantify genetic diversity within and among island populations, test for isolation by distance, and quantify the number of genetic clusters using neutral and outlier (non-neutral) loci. Our results supported the multi-region hypothesis, with a range of analyses showing clear three-region genetic population structure, split by ocean basin, within two evolutionary units. The most significant differentiation between these regions confirmed previous work distinguishing New Zealand and nominate subspecies. Although there was little evidence of structure within the island groups of the Indian or Atlantic oceans, a small set of highly-discriminatory outlier loci could assign petrels to ocean basin and potentially to island group, though the latter needs further verification. Genomic data hold the key to revealing substantial regional genetic structure within wide-ranging circumpolar species previously assumed to be panmictic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalinka Rexer-Huber
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Parker Conservation, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Veale
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372 du CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yasmin Foster
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John C McEwan
- Invermay Agricultural Centre, AgResearch, Mosgiel, New Zealand
| | | | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | | | - David R Thompson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Waters
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Species-energy relationships of indigenous and invasive species may arise in different ways - a demonstration using springtails. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13799. [PMID: 31551483 PMCID: PMC6760167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the relationship between species richness and available energy is well established for a range of spatial scales, exploration of the plausible underlying explanations for this relationship is less common. Speciation, extinction, dispersal and environmental filters all play a role. Here we make use of replicated elevational transects and the insights offered by comparing indigenous and invasive species to test four proximal mechanisms that have been offered to explain relationships between energy availability, abundance and species richness: the sampling mechanism (a null expectation), and the more individuals, dynamic equilibrium and range limitation mechanisms. We also briefly consider the time for speciation mechanism. We do so for springtails on sub-Antarctic Marion Island. Relationships between energy availability and species richness are stronger for invasive than indigenous species, with geometric constraints and area variation playing minor roles. We reject the sampling and more individuals mechanisms, but show that dynamic equilibrium and range limitation are plausible mechanisms underlying these gradients, especially for invasive species. Time for speciation cannot be ruled out as contributing to richness variation in the indigenous species. Differences between the indigenous and invasive species highlight the ways in which deconstruction of richness gradients may usefully inform investigations of the mechanisms underlying them. They also point to the importance of population size-related mechanisms in accounting for such variation. In the context of the sub-Antarctic our findings suggest that warming climates may favour invasive over indigenous species in the context of changes to elevational distributions, a situation found for vascular plants, and predicted for springtails on the basis of smaller-scale manipulative field experiments.
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19
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Kennicutt MC, Bromwich D, Liggett D, Njåstad B, Peck L, Rintoul SR, Ritz C, Siegert MJ, Aitken A, Brooks CM, Cassano J, Chaturvedi S, Chen D, Dodds K, Golledge NR, Le Bohec C, Leppe M, Murray A, Nath PC, Raphael MN, Rogan-Finnemore M, Schroeder DM, Talley L, Travouillon T, Vaughan DG, Wang L, Weatherwax AT, Yang H, Chown SL. Sustained Antarctic Research: A 21st Century Imperative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Zbawicka M, Gardner JPA, Wenne R. Cryptic diversity in smooth-shelled mussels on Southern Ocean islands: connectivity, hybridisation and a marine invasion. Front Zool 2019; 16:32. [PMID: 31406494 PMCID: PMC6685288 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Large numbers of endemic species inhabit subantarctic continental coasts and islands that are characterised by highly variable environmental conditions. Southern hemisphere populations of taxa that are morphologically similar to northern counterparts have traditionally been considered to be extensions of such Northern hemisphere taxa, and may not exhibit differentiation amongst geographically isolated populations in the Southern Ocean. Smooth-shelled blue mussels of the genus Mytilus that exhibit an anti-tropical distribution are a model group to study phylogeography, speciation and hybridisation in the sea, and contribute to the theory and practice of marine biosecurity. Methods We used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) panel that has the ability to accurately identify reference Northern and Southern hemisphere Mytilus taxa to test for evolutionary differentiation amongst native Southern Ocean island populations. Results Native mussels from the Falkland Islands and the Kerguelen Islands exhibited greatest affinity to native M. platensis d’Orbigny 1846 from the Atlantic coast of South America. The major Southern Ocean current flow from west to east is likely to explain the spreading of M. platensis to remote offshore islands, as adults via the process of rafting or perhaps directly as larvae. SNPs variation revealed that mussels from Tasmania were native and clearly differentiated from all other blue mussel groups in the Southern and Northern hemispheres. The native mussels M. planulatus from Tasmania and from mainland New Zealand (NZ), and tentatively M. aoteanus from the two NZ Southern Ocean offshore island groups (the Auckland Islands and Campbell Island), formed a distinct M. galloprovincialis–like Southern hemisphere group with closest affinity to Northern hemisphere M. galloprovincialis from the Mediterranean Sea. In all cases, the SNPs revealed evidence of hybridisation between two or more distinct taxa. The invasive Northern hemisphere M. galloprovincialis was identified only in Tasmania, amongst native mussels of a distinct Australian M. planulatus lineage. Conclusion Overall, our results reveal that Southern hemisphere island mussels have mixed genome ancestry and are native, not introduced by human activities. The preservation of distinct evolutionary lineages of Southern hemisphere species needs to be an ongoing focus of conservation efforts, given that population sizes on some of the remote offshore oceanic islands will be small and may be more easily adversely affected by invasion and subsequent hybridisation and introgression than larger populations elsewhere. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-019-0332-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zbawicka
- 1Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Jonathan P A Gardner
- 2School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P O Box 600, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
| | - Roman Wenne
- 1Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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21
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Tala F, López BA, Velásquez M, Jeldres R, Macaya EC, Mansilla A, Ojeda J, Thiel M. Long-term persistence of the floating bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica from the South-East Pacific: Potential contribution to local and transoceanic connectivity. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 149:67-79. [PMID: 31154063 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Current knowledge about the performance of floating seaweeds as dispersal vectors comes mostly from mid latitudes (30°-40°), but phylogeographic studies suggest that long-distance dispersal (LDD) is more common at high latitudes (50°-60°). To test this hypothesis, long-term field experiments with floating southern bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica were conducted along a latitudinal gradient (30°S, 37°S and 54°S) in austral winter and summer. Floating time exceeded 200d in winter at the high latitudes but in summer it dropped to 90d, being still higher than at low latitudes (<45d). Biomass variations were due to loss of buoyant fronds. Reproductive activity diminished during long floating times. Physiological changes included mainly a reduction in photosynthetic (Fv/Fm and pigments) rather than in defence variables (phlorotannins and antioxidant activity). The observed long floating persistence and long-term acclimation responses at 54°S support the hypothesis of LDD by kelp rafts at high latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Tala
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Boris A López
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Universidad de Los Lagos, Avenida Fuchslocher, 1305, Osorno, Chile
| | - Marcel Velásquez
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas (LMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Facultad de Ciencias, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, IEB-Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Jeldres
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile
| | - Erasmo C Macaya
- Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Andrés Mansilla
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas (LMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Facultad de Ciencias, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, IEB-Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas (LMAS), Universidad de Magallanes, Facultad de Ciencias, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, IEB-Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Thiel
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas, Coquimbo, Chile
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22
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Frugone MJ, López ME, Segovia NI, Cole TL, Lowther A, Pistorius P, Dantas GPM, Petry MV, Bonadonna F, Trathan P, Polanowski A, Wienecke B, Bi K, Wang-Claypool CY, Waters JM, Bowie RCK, Poulin E, Vianna JA. More than the eye can see: Genomic insights into the drivers of genetic differentiation in Royal/Macaroni penguins across the Southern Ocean. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106563. [PMID: 31323335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The study of systematics in wide-ranging seabirds can be challenging due to the vast geographic scales involved, as well as the possible discordance between molecular, morphological and behavioral data. In the Southern Ocean, macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) are distributed over a circumpolar range including populations in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic areas. Macquarie Island, in its relative isolation, is home to a closely related endemic taxon - the royal penguin (Eudyptes schlegeli), which is distinguishable from E. chrysolophus mainly by facial coloration. Although these sister taxa are widely accepted as representing distinct species based on morphological grounds, the extent of their genome-wide differentiation remains uncertain. In this study, we use genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms to test genetic differentiation between these geographically isolated taxa and evaluate the main drivers of population structure among breeding colonies of macaroni/royal penguins. Genetic similarity observed between macaroni and royal penguins suggests they constitute a single evolutionary unit. Nevertheless, royal penguins exhibited a tendency to cluster only with macaroni individuals from Kerguelen Island, suggesting that dispersal occurs mainly between these neighboring colonies. A stepping stone model of differentiation of macaroni/royal populations was further supported by a strong pattern of isolation by distance detected across its whole distribution range, possibly driven by large geographic distances between colonies as well as natal philopatry. However, we also detected intraspecific genomic differentiation between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic populations of macaroni penguins, highlighting the role of environmental factors together with geographic distance in the processes of genetic differentiation between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Frugone
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Eugenia López
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Nicolás I Segovia
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Católica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Biología Marina, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Theresa L Cole
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand; Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, Canterbury 7640, New Zealand
| | | | - Pierre Pistorius
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Gisele P M Dantas
- Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PPG in Vertebrate Biology, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Virginia Petry
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Laboratório de Ornitologia e Animais Marinhos, Av. Unisinos, 950, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Francesco Bonadonna
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Phil Trathan
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Andrea Polanowski
- Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Barbara Wienecke
- Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
| | - Ke Bi
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Science Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Wang-Claypool
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Science Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA
| | - Jonathan M Waters
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rauri C K Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, 3101 Valley Life Science Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA
| | - Elie Poulin
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras # 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juliana A Vianna
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Foote AD, Martin MD, Louis M, Pacheco G, Robertson KM, Sinding MHS, Amaral AR, Baird RW, Baker CS, Ballance L, Barlow J, Brownlow A, Collins T, Constantine R, Dabin W, Dalla Rosa L, Davison NJ, Durban JW, Esteban R, Ferguson SH, Gerrodette T, Guinet C, Hanson MB, Hoggard W, Matthews CJD, Samarra FIP, de Stephanis R, Tavares SB, Tixier P, Totterdell JA, Wade P, Excoffier L, Gilbert MTP, Wolf JBW, Morin PA. Killer whale genomes reveal a complex history of recurrent admixture and vicariance. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3427-3444. [PMID: 31131963 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of the demographic and evolutionary history of populations assuming a consensus tree-like relationship can mask more complex scenarios, which are prevalent in nature. An emerging genomic toolset, which has been most comprehensively harnessed in the reconstruction of human evolutionary history, enables molecular ecologists to elucidate complex population histories. Killer whales have limited extrinsic barriers to dispersal and have radiated globally, and are therefore a good candidate model for the application of such tools. Here, we analyse a global data set of killer whale genomes in a rare attempt to elucidate global population structure in a nonhuman species. We identify a pattern of genetic homogenisation at lower latitudes and the greatest differentiation at high latitudes, even between currently sympatric lineages. The processes underlying the major axis of structure include high drift at the edge of species' range, likely associated with founder effects and allelic surfing during postglacial range expansion. Divergence between Antarctic and non-Antarctic lineages is further driven by ancestry segments with up to four-fold older coalescence time than the genome-wide average; relicts of a previous vicariance during an earlier glacial cycle. Our study further underpins that episodic gene flow is ubiquitous in natural populations, and can occur across great distances and after substantial periods of isolation between populations. Thus, understanding the evolutionary history of a species requires comprehensive geographic sampling and genome-wide data to sample the variation in ancestry within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Foote
- CMPG, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie Louis
- Department of Biology, Section for Evolutionary Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Scottish Oceans Institute, East Sands, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - George Pacheco
- Department of Biology, Section for Evolutionary Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kelly M Robertson
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Mikkel-Holger S Sinding
- Department of Biology, Section for Evolutionary Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Ana R Amaral
- American Museum of Natural History, New York City, New York.,Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Charles Scott Baker
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Ballance
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Jay Barlow
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew Brownlow
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services Drummondhill, Inverness, UK
| | - Tim Collins
- Ocean Giants Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, New York City, New York
| | | | - Willy Dabin
- Observatoire Pelagis, Université de La Rochelle-CNRS, La Rochelle, France
| | - Luciano Dalla Rosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Nicholas J Davison
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services Drummondhill, Inverness, UK
| | - John W Durban
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Ruth Esteban
- CIRCE, Conservation, Information and Research on Cetaceans, Algeciras, Spain
| | | | - Tim Gerrodette
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Christophe Guinet
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), CNRS-ULR, UMR, Chizé, France
| | - M Bradley Hanson
- National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wayne Hoggard
- National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Pascagoula, Mississippi
| | | | | | - Renaud de Stephanis
- CIRCE, Conservation, Information and Research on Cetaceans, Algeciras, Spain
| | - Sara B Tavares
- Scottish Oceans Institute, East Sands, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Paul Tixier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), CNRS-ULR, UMR, Chizé, France.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences (Burwood Campus), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Totterdell
- Marine Information and Research Group-Australia (MIRG), Quinns Rocks, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Wade
- National Marine Mammal Laboratory, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- CMPG, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Biology, Section for Evolutionary Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jochen B W Wolf
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Science of Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Phillip A Morin
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, California
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24
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Kalwij JM, Medan D, Kellermann J, Greve M, Chown SL. Vagrant birds as a dispersal vector in transoceanic range expansion of vascular plants. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4655. [PMID: 30874602 PMCID: PMC6420631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Birds are thought to be important vectors underlying the disjunct distribution patterns of some terrestrial biota. Here, we investigate the role of birds in the colonisation by Ochetophila trinervis (Rhamnaceae), a vascular plant from the southern Andes, of sub-Antarctic Marion Island. The location of O. trinervis on the island far from human activities, in combination with a reconstruction of island visitors' travel history, precludes an anthropogenic introduction. Notably, three bird species occurring in the southern Andes inland have been observed as vagrants on Marion Island, with the barn swallow Hirundo rustica as the most common one. This vagrant displays long-distance migratory behaviour, eats seeds when insects are in short supply, and has started breeding in South America since the 1980s. Since naturalised O. trinervis has never been found outside the southern Andes and its diaspores are incapable of surviving in seawater or dispersing by wind, a natural avian dispersal event from the Andes to Marion Island, a distance of >7500 km, remains the only probable explanation. Although one self-incompatible shrub seems doomed to remain solitary, its mere establishment on a Southern Ocean island demonstrates the potential of vagrancy as a driver of extreme long-distance dispersal of terrestrial biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Kalwij
- Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Reinhard-Baumeister-Platz 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Diego Medan
- Cátedra de Botánica General, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jürgen Kellermann
- State Herbarium of South Australia, Department for Environment and Water, GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- The University of Adelaide, School of Biological Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Michelle Greve
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Steven L Chown
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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25
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González-Wevar CA, Hüne M, Rosenfeld S, Nakano T, Saucède T, Spencer H, Poulin E. Systematic revision of Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae) based on a complete phylogeny of the genus, with the description of a new species from the southern tip of South America. Zool J Linn Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A González-Wevar
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Ecología Molecular Antártica y sub-Antártica, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas (ICML), Universidad Austral de Chile, Edificio Emilio Pugín, Campus Isla Teja, Valdivia, XIV Región de los Ríos, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Mathias Hüne
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Rosenfeld
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Casilla, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Centre, Kyoto University, Nishimuro, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Thomas Saucède
- IMBE-Institut Méditerranéen de Biologie et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Station Marine d’Endoume, Marseille, France
| | - Hamish Spencer
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elie Poulin
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras #3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Contrasting phylogeographic pattern among Eudyptes penguins around the Southern Ocean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17481. [PMID: 30504851 PMCID: PMC6269470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Since at least the middle-Miocene, the Antarctic Polar Front (APF) and the Subtropical Front (STF) appear to have been the main drivers of diversification of marine biota in the Southern Ocean. However, highly migratory marine birds and mammals challenge this paradigm and the importance of oceanographic barriers. Eudyptes penguins range from the Antarctic Peninsula to subantarctic islands and some of the southernmost subtropical islands. Because of recent diversification, the number of species remains uncertain. Here we analyze two mtDNA (HVRI, COI) and two nuclear (ODC, AK1) markers from 13 locations of five putative Eudyptes species: rockhopper (E. filholi, E. chrysocome, and E. moseleyi), macaroni (E. chrysolophus) and royal penguins (E. schlegeli). Our results show a strong phylogeographic structure among rockhopper penguins from South America, subantarctic and subtropical islands supporting the recognition of three separated species of rockhopper penguins. Although genetic divergence was neither observed among macaroni penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula and sub-Antarctic islands nor between macaroni and royal penguins, population genetic analyses revealed population genetic structure in both cases. We suggest that the APF and STF can act as barriers for these species. While the geographic distance between colonies might play a role, their impact/incidence on gene flow may vary between species and colonies.
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27
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Christiansen H, Dettai A, Heindler FM, Collins MA, Duhamel G, Hautecoeur M, Steinke D, Volckaert FAM, Van de Putte AP. Diversity of Mesopelagic Fishes in the Southern Ocean - A Phylogeographic Perspective Using DNA Barcoding. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Leihy RI, Duffy GA, Chown SL. Species richness and turnover among indigenous and introduced plants and insects of the Southern Ocean Islands. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel I. Leihy
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Grant A. Duffy
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Steven L. Chown
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Victoria 3800 Australia
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29
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Collins EE, Galaska MP, Halanych KM, Mahon AR. Population Genomics of Nymphon australe Hodgson, 1902 (Pycnogonida, Nymphonidae) in the Western Antarctic. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2018; 234:180-191. [PMID: 29949435 DOI: 10.1086/698691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Within the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current is hypothesized to facilitate a circumpolar distribution for many taxa, even though some, such as pycnogonids, are assumed to have limited ability to disperse, based on brooding life histories and adult ambulatory capabilities. With a number of contradictions to circumpolarity reported in the literature for other pycnogonids, alternative hypotheses have been explored, particularly for Nymphon australe, the most common species of Pycnogonida (sea spider) in the Southern Ocean. Glacial events have been hypothesized to impact the capacity of organisms to colonize suitable areas without ice coverage as refuge and without the eurybathic capacity to colonize deeper areas. In this study, we examine populations of one presumed circumpolar species, the pycnogonid N. australe, from throughout the Western Antarctic, using a 2b-RAD approach to detect genetic variation with single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Using this approach, we found that N. australe included two distinct groups from within >5000-km sampling region. By using a discriminant analysis of principle components, sparse nonnegative matrix factorization, and admixture coefficient analysis, two distinctive populations were revealed in the Western Antarctic: one covered distances greater than 5000 km (Weddell, Western Antarctic Peninsula, and Ross Sea), and the other shared limited connectivity entrained within the Amundsen Sea. Under further scrutiny of the 3086 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the data set, only 78 loci had alignment stacks between the two populations. We propose that the populations analyzed are divergent enough to constitute two different species from within this common Antarctic genus known for its phenotypic plasticity.
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Key Words
- 2b-RAD, 2b restriction site-associated DNA genotyping
- ACC, Antarctic Circumpolar Current
- APF, Antarctic Polar Front
- COI, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
- DAPC, discriminant analysis of principle components
- FST, fixation index
- K, number of populations
- LEA, Landscape and Ecological Associations
- Mb, megabases (unit of length for DNA fragments = 1 million nucleotides)
- RADseq, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing
- SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism
- mya, million years ago; PCA, Principal Component Analysis
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30
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Cradles and museums of Antarctic teleost biodiversity. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1379-1384. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0239-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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