1
|
Reyes EA, Castillo-Azofeifa D, Rispal J, Wald T, Zwick RK, Palikuqi B, Mujukian A, Rabizadeh S, Gupta AR, Gardner JM, Boffelli D, Gartner ZJ, Klein OD. Epithelial TNF controls cell differentiation and CFTR activity to maintain intestinal mucin homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163591. [PMID: 37643009 PMCID: PMC10575728 DOI: 10.1172/jci163591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract relies on the production, maturation, and transit of mucin to protect against pathogens and to lubricate the epithelial lining. Although the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate mucin production and movement are beginning to be understood, the upstream epithelial signals that contribute to mucin regulation remain unclear. Here, we report that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), generated by the epithelium, contributes to mucin homeostasis by regulating both cell differentiation and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity. We used genetic mouse models and noninflamed samples from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergoing anti-TNF therapy to assess the effect of in vivo perturbation of TNF. We found that inhibition of epithelial TNF promotes the differentiation of secretory progenitor cells into mucus-producing goblet cells. Furthermore, TNF treatment and CFTR inhibition in intestinal organoids demonstrated that TNF promotes ion transport and luminal flow via CFTR. The absence of TNF led to slower gut transit times, which we propose results from increased mucus accumulation coupled with decreased luminal fluid pumping. These findings point to a TNF/CFTR signaling axis in the adult intestine and identify epithelial cell-derived TNF as an upstream regulator of mucin homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efren A. Reyes
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TETRAD Program, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jérémie Rispal
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Tomas Wald
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Rachel K. Zwick
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Brisa Palikuqi
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Angela Mujukian
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shervin Rabizadeh
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’s, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - James M. Gardner
- Department of Surgery, and
- Diabetes Center, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- The Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dario Boffelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’s, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zev J. Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and TETRAD Program, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Guerin Children’s, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nallasamy P, Nimmakayala RK, Parte S, Are AC, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Tumor microenvironment enriches the stemness features: the architectural event of therapy resistance and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:225. [PMID: 36550571 PMCID: PMC9773588 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer divergence has many facets other than being considered a genetic term. It is a tremendous challenge to understand the metastasis and therapy response in cancer biology; however, it postulates the opportunity to explore the possible mechanism in the surrounding tumor environment. Most deadly solid malignancies are distinctly characterized by their tumor microenvironment (TME). TME consists of stromal components such as immune, inflammatory, endothelial, adipocytes, and fibroblast cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer stem-like cells are a small sub-set of the population within cancer cells believed to be a responsible player in the self-renewal, metastasis, and therapy response of cancer cells. The correlation between TME and CSCs remains an enigma in understanding the events of metastasis and therapy resistance in cancer biology. Recent evidence suggests that TME dictates the CSCs maintenance to arbitrate cancer progression and metastasis. The immune, inflammatory, endothelial, adipocyte, and fibroblast cells in the TME release growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, microRNAs, and exosomes that provide cues for the gain and maintenance of CSC features. These intricate cross-talks are fueled to evolve into aggressive, invasive, migratory phenotypes for cancer development. In this review, we have abridged the recent developments in the role of the TME factors in CSC maintenance and how these events influence the transition of tumor progression to further translate into metastasis and therapy resistance in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Abhirup C Are
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Czerwinska P, Mackiewicz AA. Low Levels of TRIM28-Interacting KRAB-ZNF Genes Associate with Cancer Stemness and Predict Poor Prognosis of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194835. [PMID: 34638319 PMCID: PMC8508054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This is the first report investigating the involvement of TRIM28-interacting KRAB-ZNFs in kidney cancer progression. We demonstrate a significant negative association between KRAB-ZNFs and cancer stemness followed by an attenuated immune-suppressive response and reveal the prognostic role for several KRAB-ZNFs. Our findings may help better understand the molecular basis of kidney cancer and ultimately pave the way to more appropriate prognostic tools and novel therapeutic strategies directly eradicating the dedifferentiated compartment of the tumor. Abstract Krüppel-associated box zinc finger (KRAB-ZNF) proteins are known to regulate diverse biological processes, such as embryonic development, tissue-specific gene expression, and cancer progression. However, their involvement in the regulation of cancer stemness-like phenotype acquisition and maintenance is scarcely explored across solid tumor types, and to date, there are no data for kidney renal clear cell cancer (KIRC). We have harnessed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database transcriptomic data and used several bioinformatic tools (i.e., GEPIA2, GSCALite, TISIDB, GSEA, CIBERSORT) to verify the relation between the expression and genomic alterations in KRAB-ZNFs and kidney cancer, focusing primarily on tumor dedifferentiation status and antitumor immune response. Our results demonstrate a significant negative correlation between KRAB-ZNFs and kidney cancer dedifferentiation status followed by an attenuated immune-suppressive response. The transcriptomic profiles of high KRAB-ZNF-expressing kidney tumors are significantly enriched with stem cell markers and show a depletion of several inflammatory pathways known for favoring cancer stemness. Moreover, we show for the first time the prognostic role for several KRAB-ZNFs in kidney cancer. Our results provide new insight into the role of selected KRAB-ZNF proteins in kidney cancer development. We believe that our findings may help better understand the molecular basis of KIRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwinska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; or
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: or
| | - Andrzej Adam Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; or
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Watanabe S, Hibiya S, Katsukura N, Kitagawa S, Sato A, Okamoto R, Watanabe M, Tsuchiya K. Influence of chronic inflammation on the malignant phenotypes and the plasticity of colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:101031. [PMID: 34095556 PMCID: PMC8167241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic adenoma or adenocarcinoma is often detected during endoscopic surveillance of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is occasionally difficult to distinguish these neoplasms from dysplasia or colitis-associated cancers because of the influence of inflammation. However, the influence of inflammation on sporadic neoplasms is not well characterised. To assess this influence, we established a long-term inflammation model of colon cancer cells by inflammatory stimulation with tumour necrosis factor-α, flagellin and interleukin-1β for 60 weeks. Then, the malignant phenotypes were evaluated using the MTS assay, Annexin V fluorescence assay, cell migration assay and sphere formation assay. The influence of P53 function on these phenotypes was assessed with a TP53 mutation model using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. A long-term inflammation model of LS174T cells was established for the first time with continuous inflammatory signalling. Chronic inflammation induced apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation and stemness of these cancer cells via the action of P53. It also enhanced the invasiveness of LS174T cells. Moreover, these phenotypic changes and changes in inflammatory signalling were recoverable after the removal of inflammatory stimuli, suggesting that colon cancer cells have higher plasticity than normal intestinal epithelial cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that sporadic neoplasms in patients with UC are affected by chronic inflammation but are not essentially altered. Chronic inflammation model of colon cancer cells is established for the first time. Chronic inflammation (CI) suppresses the viability of cancer cells via P53. CI also alters the malignant phenotypes: stemness and invasiveness. P53 mutation under CI acquires higher malignant phenotypes. Changes of malignant phenotypes are recoverable after the removal of CI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan
| | - Shuji Hibiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan
| | | | | | - Ayako Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan
| | | | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan.,Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Katsukura N, Watanabe S, Shirasaki T, Hibiya S, Kano Y, Akahoshi K, Tanabe M, Kirimura S, Akashi T, Kitagawa M, Okamoto R, Watanabe M, Tsuchiya K. Intestinal phenotype is maintained by Atoh1 in the cancer region of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:932-944. [PMID: 33275808 PMCID: PMC7894004 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a precancerous lesion of pancreatic cancer. Although there are 4 types of IPMN, among which intestinal-type IPMN is likely to progress into invasive cancer known as colloid carcinoma, no information regarding the involvement of the intestinal phenotype in the carcinogenesis of IPMN exists. The present study was conducted to explore how the intestinal differentiation system is maintained during the tumor progression of intestinal-type IPMN using surgical resection specimens. Results showed that Atoh1, a critical transcriptional factor for intestinal differentiation toward the secretory lineages of intestinal epithelial cells, was expressed in an invasive-grade IPMN. To determine the function of Atoh1 in pancreatic cancer, we generated a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell line overexpressing Atoh1. In a xenograft model, we successfully induced an IPMN phenotype in PDAC cells via Atoh1 induction. Finally, for the first time, we discovered that GPA33 is expressed in intestinal-type IPMN, thereby suggesting a novel target for cancer therapy. In conclusion, the intestinal differentiation system might be maintained during tumor progression of intestinal-type IPMN. Further analysis of the function of Atoh1 in IPMN might be useful for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the malignant potential during the tumor progression of IPMN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Katsukura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shirasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Hibiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kano
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Precision Cancer Medicine, Graduate School, Center for Innovative Cancer Treatment, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Akahoshi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Kirimura
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kitagawa
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Advanced Research Institute, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Peng W, Li H, Xu Y, Yan L, Tang Z, Hossein Mohseni A, Taghinezhad-S S, Tang X, Fu X. Association of Helicobacter bilis Infection with the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2785-2795. [PMID: 33325271 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1862253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of Helicobacter_bilis (H.bilis) in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC) has seldom been investigated. We examined the abundance of H.bilis in 58 colorectal cancers (CRCs), 20 IBDs, 40 cases of normal colorectal mucosa (NCs), and 20 adenomas (ADs) by 16S rRNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Number of CD4+CD45RB+T cell and expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in these tissues was determined by immunofluorescence. The abundance of H.bilis was significantly higher in CRCs than that in IBDs (P = 0.006), ADs (P < 0.001) and NCs (P < 0.0001). The abundance of H.bilis in IBDs was significantly higher than that in ADs (P = 0.013). Moreover, the average number of CD4+CD45RB+T cell was significantly higher in CRCs than that in IBDs (P = 0.017) and NCs (P = 0.009). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the H.bilis abundance and density of CD4+CD45RB+T cells in 30 colorectal tissues (P < 0.0001). The frequency of co-staining for CD4+CD45RB+T cells and IFN-γ was significantly higher in H.bilis positive group than that in H.bilis negative group (P = 0.002). H.bilis may play a role in the initiation of IBD and CAC, possibly through promoting the transformation of T cells into CD4+CD45RB+T cells and increasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the People's Hospital of Guangan City, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Yan
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tang
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Amir Hossein Mohseni
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Sedigheh Taghinezhad-S
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiangsheng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China.,Digestive Endoscopy Center, the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
MicroRNA-613: A novel tumor suppressor in human cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
8
|
Li S, Peppelenbosch MP, Smits R. Bacterial biofilms as a potential contributor to mucinous colorectal cancer formation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Fan K, Gravemeyer J, Ritter C, Rasheed K, Gambichler T, Moens U, Shuda M, Schrama D, Becker JC. MCPyV Large T Antigen-Induced Atonal Homolog 1 Is a Lineage-Dependency Oncogene in Merkel Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:56-65.e3. [PMID: 31283928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the transcription factor ATOH1 is a master regulator of Merkel cell development, its role in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) carcinogenesis remains controversial. Here, we provide several lines of evidence that ATOH1 is a lineage-dependent oncogene in MCC. Luciferase assays revealed binding of ATOH1 and subsequent activation to the promoter of miR-375, which is one of the most abundant microRNAs in MCCs. Overexpression of ATOH1 in variant MCC cell lines and fibroblasts induced miR-375 expression, whereas ATOH1 knockdown in classical MCC cell lines reduced miR-375 expression. Moreover, ATOH1 overexpression in these cells changed their growth characteristics from adherent to suspension and/orspheroidal growth, that is, resembling the neuroendocrine growth pattern of classical MCC cell lines. Notably, ectopic expression of different Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV)-derived truncated large T antigens induced ATOH1 expression in fibroblasts, which was paralleled by miR-375 expression and similar morphologic changes. In summary, MCPyV-associated carcinogenesis is likely to induce the characteristic neuroendocrine features of MCC via induction of ATOH1; thus, ATOH1 can be regarded as a lineage-dependent oncogene in MCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiji Fan
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Gravemeyer
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cathrin Ritter
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kashif Rasheed
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Thilo Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ugo Moens
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Masahiro Shuda
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Watanabe S, Tsuchiya K, Nishimura R, Shirasaki T, Katsukura N, Hibiya S, Okamoto R, Nakamura T, Watanabe M. TP53 Mutation by CRISPR System Enhances the Malignant Potential of Colon Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1459-1467. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
11
|
Li S, Li C, Fang Z. MicroRNA 214 inhibits adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 activity and increases the sensitivity of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:55-62. [PMID: 30655737 PMCID: PMC6313171 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 (AEBP1) expression in colorectal cancer (CRC), with a focus on its possible molecular mechanisms, in order to provide novel insight into the clinical treatment of CRC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect AEBP1 expression in 62 CRC tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze AEBP1 expression and the postoperative disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of CRC patients. HT-29 cells were treated with oxaliplatin to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis following a Cell Counting kit-8. Through bioinformatics prediction, microRNA 214 (miR214) was identified as an upstream microRNA of AEBP1 that regulates its expression. IHC revealed that the expression of AEBP1 in CRC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent healthy tissues, and that it is associated with Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage, recurrence and metastasis. The DFS and OS rates of patients with a low AEBP1 expression were significantly higher than those in patients with a high expression (P<0.05). Following depletion of AEBP1 and treatment with oxaliplatin, the HT-29 cell proliferation was lower than that of the blank control and the negative control groups. However, the cell apoptosis rate was higher than that of the control group at 72 h (P<0.05). Bioinformatics prediction revealed that miR-214 is negatively associated with AEBP1 expression, and co-transfection and luciferase report gene tests revealed that AEBP1 is a target gene of miR-214. Therefore, AEBP1 may become a novel treatment for CRC patients with chemoresistance and may act through the upstream miR-214 to participate in the progression of a tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shouchao Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Chengren Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Fang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang X, Zhang L, Song X, He W, Zhang D, Lu Q, Wu J, Wu C, Jiang J. MicroRNA-613 promotes colon cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration by targeting ATOH1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:827-833. [PMID: 30219232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the expression and function of miR-613 in colon cancer (CC) and illuminate the molecular mechanisms underlying miR-613-regulated CC progression. Our data demonstrated that miR-613 was upregulated in CC tissue samples (P = 0.009) and human CC cell lines (HCT-116 and Lovo; P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively), which also promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of CC cells (P < 0.05). The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Atonal homolog1 (ATOH1) was the target mRNA of miR-613. Rescue experiments showed that ATOH1 overexpression vector significantly reversed the stimulative effects of miR-613 mimic on the progression of HCT-116 and Lovo cells (P < 0.001). Positive ATOH1 expression in CC tissues was significantly associated with lower grade (χ2 = 3.592, P = 0.043), lower TNM stage (χ2 = 3.537, P = 0.048) and better overall survival (P=0.041). Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) pathway and Mucin 2 (MUC2) were the potential downstream proteins of miR-613/ATOH1. miR-613 is an oncogene in CC and promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of CC cells by targeting ATOH1 likely via activating JNK1 pathway and upregulating MUC2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Yang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Xing Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Wenting He
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Pathology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Qicheng Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Changping Wu
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China.
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China; Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China; Institute of Cell Therapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, 213003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
SCF/c-KIT Signaling Increased Mucin2 Production by Maintaining Atoh1 Expression in Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051541. [PMID: 29786668 PMCID: PMC5983812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA) patients often a show high risk of malignant potential and a poorer survival rate. Given that the pathological feature and oncobiological characteristics of MCA are correlated with its abundant extracellular mucin2 (MUC2), we paid interest toward investigating the key factor that promotes MUC2 production exposure to highly-activated stem cell factor (SCF)/c-KIT signaling, which we believed to contribute to MCA formation. Long-term azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate treatment successfully induced MCA only in wild-type (WT) mice at week 37 and 43, while all c-kit loss-of-function mutant mice (Wadsm/m) developed non-MCA. Significantly, MUC2 and its key transcriptional factor Atonal homologue 1 (Atoh1) were remarkably expressed in MCA mice compared with non-MCA mice. Atoh1 was significantly elevated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells stimulated by exogenous SCF or overexpressing c-KIT in vitro, while decreased by the blockage of SCF/c-KIT signaling with Imatinib. Furthermore, the maintained Atoh1 protein level was due to the inactive glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β) by virtue of the activated SCF/c-KIT-Protein Kinase B (AKT) signaling. Similar results were obtained from the ONCOMINE database and CRC patients. In conclusion, we suggested that SCF/c-KIT signaling promoted MUC2 production and MCA tumorigenesis by maintaining Atoh1 expression. Therefore, targeting the related key molecules might be beneficial for treating MCA patients.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang S, Yang X, Wang L, Zhang C. Interplay between inflammatory tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:679-686. [PMID: 29963133 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have a close connection with tumor microenvironment, play a pivotal role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. The inflammatory microenvironment is an essential component of tumor microenvironment. In the recent years, many studies have demonstrated that the inflammatory microenvironment induces the initiation of tumors, and contributes to the process of the progression of tumors, as well as metastasis. In this review, we summarize the relationship between CSCs and inflammatory components, such as inflammatory cytokines (IFNs, TNF, IL-6, IL-17) and inflammatory cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated macrophages). To illuminate the key factors that exert important actions in the tumor process would be important to improve the clinical outcome of the treatment for different types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hashash JG, Hartman DJ. Inflammatory cells implicated in neoplasia development in idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Immunol 2017; 343:103720. [PMID: 29221690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory mechanisms that lead to the clinical symptoms that are grouped under the term inflammatory bowel disease have not been fully characterized. Although a specific mechanism has not been identified, inflammatory bowel disease is believed to be related to an inability by the immune system to shut active inflammation within the intestine. Many contributing factors have been implicated in the disease process. Based on population studies, patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk for neoplastic development. Although no specific immune cell has been implicated in neoplastic development within this patient population, several immune cells have been implicated as possible etiologies in inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we will review the clinical evidence about the risk for neoplastic development in inflammatory bowel disease and the current clinical guidelines to survey this patient population. We will also review the pathologic assessment of inflammation within this patient population as well the underlying immune cells and cytokines that have been implicated in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana G Hashash
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Douglas J Hartman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ishibashi F, Shimizu H, Nakata T, Fujii S, Suzuki K, Kawamoto A, Anzai S, Kuno R, Nagata S, Ito G, Murano T, Mizutani T, Oshima S, Tsuchiya K, Nakamura T, Watanabe M, Okamoto R. Contribution of ATOH1 + Cells to the Homeostasis, Repair, and Tumorigenesis of the Colonic Epithelium. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 10:27-42. [PMID: 29233556 PMCID: PMC5768891 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ATOH1 is a master transcription factor for the secretory lineage differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, the comprehensive contribution of ATOH1+ secretory lineage IECs to the homeostasis, repair, and tumorigenesis of the intestinal epithelium remains uncertain. Through our ATOH1+ cell-lineage tracing, we show here that a definite number of ATOH1+ IECs retain stem cell properties and can form ATOH1+IEC-derived clonal ribbons (ATOH1+ICRs) under completely homeostatic conditions. Interestingly, colonic ATOH1+ IECs appeared to exhibit their stem cell function more frequently compared with those of the small intestine. Consistently, the formation of ATOH1+ICRs was significantly enhanced upon dextran sodium sulfate colitis-induced mucosal damage. In addition, colonic ATOH1+ IECs acquired tumor stem cell-like properties in the azoxymethane-DSS tumor model. Our results reveal an unexpected contribution of colonic ATOH1+ IECs to maintaining the stem cell population under both homeostatic and pathologic conditions and further illustrate the high plasticity of the crypt-intrinsic stem cell hierarchy. Intestinal ATOH1+ cells can exhibit stem cell properties under homeostatic conditions Recruitment of ATOH1+ cell-derived stem cells is enhanced by inflammation Cell-intrinsic NF-kB signaling promotes generation of ATOH1+ cell-derived stem cells ATOH1+ tumor stem cells contribute to the development of colitis-associated tumors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Ishibashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Toru Nakata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Satoru Fujii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ami Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sho Anzai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Reiko Kuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Go Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tatsuro Murano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics in GI Diseases, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hibiya S, Tsuchiya K, Hayashi R, Fukushima K, Horita N, Watanabe S, Shirasaki T, Nishimura R, Kimura N, Nishimura T, Gotoh N, Oshima S, Okamoto R, Nakamura T, Watanabe M. Long-term Inflammation Transforms Intestinal Epithelial Cells of Colonic Organoids. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:621-630. [PMID: 28453760 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] are at an increased risk of developing colitis-associated cancer [CAC], suggesting that continuous inflammation in the colon promotes the transformation of colonic epithelial cells. However, the mechanisms underlying cell transformation in UC remain unknown. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of long-term inflammation on intestinal epithelial cells [IECs] using organoid culture. METHODS IECs were isolated from mouse colon, and were cultured according to a method for a three-dimensional [3D] organoid culture. To mimic chronic inflammation, a mixture of cytokines and bacterial components were added to the medium for over a year. Cell signal intensity was assessed by 3D immunofluorescence. Cell transformation was assessed by microarray with gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS Stimulation with cytokines resulted in a significant induction of target genes for the nuclear factor [NF]-κB pathway in colonic organoids. Following 60 weeks of continuous stimulation, cell differentiation was suppressed. Continuous stimulation also resulted in significant amplification of NF-κB signalling. Amplified NF-κB signalling by long-term stimulation remained in colonic organoids even 11 weeks after the removal of all cytokines. Some genes were specifically upregulated only in colonic organoids after the removal all cytokines following long-term stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Colonic organoids stimulated with cytokines for a prolonged period were established as in vitro model to assess long-term epithelial responses to inflammatory cytokines. Chronic inflammation led to sustained NF-κB signalling activation in colonic organoids, resulting in cell transformation that might be related to the carcinogenesis of CAC in UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Hibiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hayashi
- Department of Endoscopy and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keita Fukushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobukatsu Horita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shirasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryu Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kimura
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Nishimura
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Gotoh
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Therapeutics for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Prognostic relevance of high atonal homolog-1 expression in Merkel cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:43-49. [PMID: 27624714 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has recently been reported that atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) gene is down-regulated in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and thus may represent a tumor suppressor gene. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test for ATOH1 gene mutations and expression levels in MCC tissues and cell lines. METHODS Genomic DNA isolation and amplification via PCR was successfully performed in 33 MCCs on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and three MCC cell lines, followed by Sanger sequencing of the whole ATOH1 gene to detect genomic aberrations. ATOH1 mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry of ATOH1 was performed to quantify protein expression in tumor samples and cell lines. RESULTS Neither in any of the 33 MCC tissue samples nor in the three cell lines ATOH1 mutations were present. ATOH1 was expressed in all lesions, albeit at different expression levels. Univariate analysis revealed that the total immunohistology score significantly correlated with the occurrence of tumor relapse (r = 0.57; P = 0.0008). This notion was confirmed in multivariate analysis suggesting that ATOH1 expression is a potential independent predictor for tumor relapse in MCC patients (P = 0.028). MCC-related death also correlated with ATOH1 expression (r = 0.4; P = 0.025); however, ATOH1 expression did not retain its predictive value in the regression model. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to anecdotal reports ATOH1 expression is not lost by genetic alterations in MCC. However, protein expression of ATOH1 is increased in advanced MCC indicating that ATOH1 is involved in MCC progression.
Collapse
|
19
|
Okamoto R, Watanabe M. Role of epithelial cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:11-21. [PMID: 26138071 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, continuous effort has been paid to deeply understanding the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. As the disease typically arises as chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa, research has been focused on how such an uncontrolled, deleterious immune response may arise and persist in a certain cohort of patients. Based on those immunologic analyses, the establishment of anti-TNF-α therapy, and the following series of biologic agents achieved great success and dramatically changed the therapeutic strategy of IBD patients. However, to guarantee long-term remission of the disease, the therapeutic standard has been raised to achieve "mucosal healing", which requires complete repair of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Recent studies have revealed the unexpected importance of epithelial cells in the pathophysiology of IBD. The general barrier function as well as the cell lineage-specific functions have been deeply attributed to the development of chronic intestinal inflammation. Also, the groundbreaking establishment of the in vitro intestinal stem cell culture system has opened up a way of developing stem cell transplantation therapy to treat otherwise refractory ulcers that may persist in IBD patients. In this review, we would like to focus on the role of epithelial cells in the pathophysiology of IBD, and also give a perspective to the upcoming development of regenerative therapies that may become one of the therapeutic choices to achieve mucosal healing in refractory patients of IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Okamoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|