1
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Van Arsdale A, Turker L, Chang YC, Gould J, Harmon B, Maggi EC, Meshcheryakova O, Brown MP, Luong D, Van Doorslaer K, Einstein MH, Kuo DYS, Zheng D, Haas BJ, Lenz J, Montagna C. Structure and transcription of integrated HPV DNA in vulvar carcinomas. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:35. [PMID: 38898085 PMCID: PMC11187145 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-024-00418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
HPV infections are associated with a fraction of vulvar cancers. Through hybridization capture and DNA sequencing, HPV DNA was detected in five of thirteen vulvar cancers. HPV16 DNA was integrated into human DNA in three of the five. The insertions were in introns of human NCKAP1, C5orf67, and LRP1B. Integrations in NCKAP1 and C5orf67 were flanked by short direct repeats in the human DNA, consistent with HPV DNA insertions at sites of abortive, staggered, endonucleolytic incisions. The insertion in C5orf67 was present as a 36 kbp, human-HPV-hetero-catemeric DNA as either an extrachromosomal circle or a tandem repeat within the human genome. The human circularization/repeat junction was defined at single nucleotide resolution. The integrated viral DNA segments all retained an intact upstream regulatory region and the adjacent viral E6 and E7 oncogenes. RNA sequencing revealed that the only HPV genes consistently transcribed from the integrated viral DNAs were E7 and E6*I. The other two HPV DNA+ tumors had coinfections, but no evidence for integration. HPV-positive and HPV-negative vulvar cancers exhibited contrasting human, global gene expression patterns partially overlapping with previously observed differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. A substantial fraction of the differentially expressed genes involved immune system function. Thus, transcription and HPV DNA integration in vulvar cancers resemble those in other HPV-positive cancers. This study emphasizes the power of hybridization capture coupled with DNA and RNA sequencing to identify a broad spectrum of HPV types, determine human genome integration status of viral DNAs, and elucidate their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Van Arsdale
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Lauren Turker
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Lankenau Medical Center, Wynnewood, PA, 19096, USA
| | - Yoke-Chen Chang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Joshua Gould
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Cellarity, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Bryan Harmon
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Elaine C Maggi
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Twist Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Olga Meshcheryakova
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Maxwell P Brown
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Verve Therapeutics, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Dana Luong
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Mark H Einstein
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Dennis Y S Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | | | - Jack Lenz
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Cristina Montagna
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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2
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Wang Y, Gao B, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhu X, Yang H, Zhang F, Zhu X, Zhou B, Yao S, Nagayama A, Lee S, Ouyang J, Koh SB, Eisenhauer EL, Zarrella D, Lu K, Rueda BR, Zou L, Su XA, Yeku O, Ellisen LW, Wang XS, Lan L. Meiotic protein SYCP2 confers resistance to DNA-damaging agents through R-loop-mediated DNA repair. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1568. [PMID: 38383600 PMCID: PMC10881575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) are widely used in cancer therapy, but resistance to these drugs remains a major clinical challenge. Here, we show that SYCP2, a meiotic protein in the synaptonemal complex, is aberrantly and commonly expressed in breast and ovarian cancers and associated with broad resistance to DDR drugs. Mechanistically, SYCP2 enhances the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through transcription-coupled homologous recombination (TC-HR). SYCP2 promotes R-loop formation at DSBs and facilitates RAD51 recruitment independently of BRCA1. SYCP2 loss impairs RAD51 localization, reduces TC-HR, and renders tumors sensitive to PARP and topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors. Furthermore, our studies of two clinical cohorts find that SYCP2 overexpression correlates with breast cancer resistance to antibody-conjugated TOP1 inhibitor and ovarian cancer resistance to platinum treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that SYCP2 confers cancer cell resistance to DNA-damaging agents by stimulating R-loop-mediated DSB repair, offering opportunities to improve DDR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Boya Gao
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 213 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Luyuan Zhang
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Haibo Yang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Fengqi Zhang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 213 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xueping Zhu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Badi Zhou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Sean Yao
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Aiko Nagayama
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Jian Ouyang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Siang-Boon Koh
- School of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol; University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Eric L Eisenhauer
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 55 Fruit St, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dominique Zarrella
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 55 Fruit St, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kate Lu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 55 Fruit St, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 55 Fruit St, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 213 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiaofeng A Su
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Oladapo Yeku
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Leif W Ellisen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xiao-Song Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, 5117 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Li Lan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 213 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Xi R, Li D, Yang S, Zhang H, Hu L, Wang X, Wang G, Wang Y. Identification of potential prognostic biomarkers in vulval squamous cell carcinoma based on human papillomavirus infection Status-Analysis of GSE183454. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2160930. [PMID: 36689258 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2160930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the differences in vulval squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC) based on the HPV infection status. The sequencing data GSE183454 which contains 23 VSCC samples based on its HPV infection status was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We comprehensively dissected the differences of genomic and tumour microenvironment (TME) immune cell infiltration landscapes between HPV + and HPV- VSCC. The potential molecular mechanisms of prognostic genes were explored by functional enrichment analysis. Five novel key molecules (SYCP2, SMC1B, RNF212, MAJIN and C14orf39) with significantly up-regulated expression in HPV + VSCC were identified while protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were created upon Cytoscape software. Additionally, VSCC with up-regulated expression of these key molecules exhibited a significantly decreased TME immune cell infiltration. SYCP2 is overexpressed in HPV + VSCC and could be a candidate therapy target for further research.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? VSCC are characterised by two aetiological pathways. The former occurs in the background of lichen sclerosus, while the latter is related to HPV infection. VSCC most commonly arises from the non-HPV related pathway portends worse prognosis than VSCC derived from HPV infection.What do the results of this study add? Five key molecules are identified and significantly up-regulated in HPV + VSCC. In which, SYCP2 is overexpressed in HPV + VSCC and exhibited a significantly decreased TME immune cell infiltration. SYCP2 constant expression could be a potential biomarker of neoplasms associated with HPV and could be a candidate therapy target in VSCC especially HPV + VSCC for further research.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? SYCP2 could be a candidate therapy target in VSCC especially with HPV + for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxing Xi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Donghong Li
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuanque Yang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijuan Hu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Nursing, Shaanxi Provincial Tumor Hospital, Xi'an, China
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4
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Dawood AA. Uneven Expression of 20 Human Papillomavirus Genes Associated with Oropharyngeal Carcinoma. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2023; 14:RMMJ.10508. [PMID: 37917867 PMCID: PMC10619986 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered to be responsible for 95% of virus-related cancers in many organs. Oropharyngeal carcinoma (OC) is distinguished by the transformation of the healthy epithelium into precancerous cells. AIM The current study sought to examine the uneven gene expression of 20 genes among those scanned by microarray for oropharyngeal cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The GSE56142 dataset was extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus of the National Center for Biotechnology Information; 24 specimens were evaluated. Gene ontology (GO), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) were used to depict the biological roles of the genes under investigation using types of software. RESULTS Six genes out of 20 in patients with invasive OC had a binding correlation with high expression (PDGFRS, COL6A3, COL1A1, COL3A1, COL2A1, and COL4A1), and only two genes with low expression (CRCT1 and KRT78). The expression levels of 20 genes were examined for patients with OC versus head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The correlation coefficient between highly expressed genes of the OC group was statistically significant at the P<0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS High expression levels of specific genes may serve as diagnostic tumor markers, particularly in the early stages of cancer, and testing should be performed in OC and HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Adel Dawood
- Microbiology, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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5
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Burkitt K. Role of DNA Methylation Profiles as Potential Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4685. [PMID: 37835379 PMCID: PMC10571524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and is associated with high mortality. The main reasons for treatment failure are a low rate of early diagnosis, high relapse rates, and distant metastasis with poor outcomes. These are largely due to a lack of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers in HNSCC. DNA methylation has been demonstrated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC, and recent studies have also valued DNA methylation as a potential biomarker in HNSCC. This review summarizes the current knowledge on DNA methylation profiles in HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC and how these may contribute to the pathogenesis of HNSCC. It also summarizes the potential value of DNA methylation as a biomarker in the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of the response to therapy. With the recent immunotherapy era in head and neck treatment, new strategies to improve immune responses by modulating TIMEs have been intensely investigated in early-phase trials. Therefore, this study additionally summarizes the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of TIMEs and potential predictive immunotherapy response biomarkers. Finally, this study reviews ongoing clinical trials using DNA methylation inhibitors in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Burkitt
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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6
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Llano E, Pendás AM. Synaptonemal Complex in Human Biology and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1718. [PMID: 37443752 PMCID: PMC10341275 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific multiprotein complex that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase of meiosis I. Upon assembly, the SC mediates the synapses of the homologous chromosomes, leading to the formation of bivalents, and physically supports the formation of programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their subsequent repair and maturation into crossovers (COs), which are essential for genome haploidization. Defects in the assembly of the SC or in the function of the associated meiotic recombination machinery can lead to meiotic arrest and human infertility. The majority of proteins and complexes involved in these processes are exclusively expressed during meiosis or harbor meiosis-specific subunits, although some have dual functions in somatic DNA repair and meiosis. Consistent with their functions, aberrant expression and malfunctioning of these genes have been associated with cancer development. In this review, we focus on the significance of the SC and their meiotic-associated proteins in human fertility, as well as how human genetic variants encoding for these proteins affect the meiotic process and contribute to infertility and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Llano
- Departamento Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biologıía Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Alberto M. Pendás
- Molecular Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biologıía Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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7
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Ferrando-Díez A, Pavón MA, Cirauqui B, Alemany L, Mesía R. How to prevent human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal cancer? Curr Opin Oncol 2023; 35:145-150. [PMID: 36966500 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible of the increasing incidence rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in high-income countries. This significant epidemiological change requires several and diverse prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS The cervical cancer prevention model is the paradigm of HPV-related cancer, and its success provides encouragement for the development of similar methods to prevent HPV-related OPSCC. However, there are some limitations that hinder its application in this disease. Here, we review the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of HPV-related OPSCC and discuss some directions for future research. SUMMARY The development of new and targeted strategies to prevent HPV-related OPSCC is needed since they could definitely have a direct impact on the reduction of morbidity and mortality of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Ferrando-Díez
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Badalona (ICO), Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), IGTP, 08916 Badalona
| | - Miguel Angel Pavón
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cirauqui
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Badalona (ICO), Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), IGTP, 08916 Badalona
| | - Laia Alemany
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Mesía
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Badalona (ICO), Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), IGTP, 08916 Badalona
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8
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Zhou P, Lu SL, Chang L, Liao B, Cheng M, Xu X, Sui X, Liu F, Zhang M, Wang Y, Yang R, Li R, Pan H, Zhang C. The pan-cancer landscape of abnormal DNA methylation and intratumor microorganisms. Neoplasia 2023; 37:100882. [PMID: 36791577 PMCID: PMC9958063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play very important roles in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and resistance upon treatment. Due to the challenge of accurately acquiring samples and quantifying low-biomass tissue microorganisms, most studies have focused on the effect of gut microorganisms on cancer treatments, especially the efficacy of immunotherapy. Although recent publications reveal the potential interactions between intratumor microorganisms and the immune microenvironment, whether and to what extent the intratumor microorganism could affect progression and treatment outcome remain controversial. This study is aiming to evaluate the associations among intratumor microorganisms, DNA methylation cancer driver genes, immune response, and clinical outcomes from a pan-cancer perspective, using 6,876 TCGA samples across 21 cancer types. We revealed that tumor microorganism dysbiosis is closely associated with the abnormal tumor methylome and/or tumor microenvironment, which might serve to enhance the proliferation ability and fitness for the therapy of tumors. These findings shed the light on a better understanding of the interactions between tumor cells and carcinogens during and after tumor formation, as well as microorganism-associated methylation alterations that could further serve as biomarkers for clinical outcome assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | | | - Liang Chang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Baoying Liao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fenting Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mingshu Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yinxue Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China,Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Heng Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Galati L, Chiocca S, Duca D, Tagliabue M, Simoens C, Gheit T, Arbyn M, Tommasino M. HPV and head and neck cancers: Towards early diagnosis and prevention. Tumour Virus Res 2022; 14:200245. [PMID: 35973657 PMCID: PMC9420391 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2022.200245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with an increasing trend of its incidence. Alcohol consumption, smoking, and viral infections, such as the mucosal high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are major risk factors for HNSCC development. In particular, HR HPVs are mainly associated with a subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), while other head and neck sites are marginally affected by HPV infection. HPV16 is the most frequently HR HPV type associated with HNSCC. In contrast to the cervix, no screening programs or identifiable pre-malignant lesions have been characterized for HPV-related HNSCC. Therefore, identification of general diagnostic algorithms and HPV biomarkers that could facilitate the early diagnosis, disease evolution and recurrence for HPV-driven HNSCCs are urgently needed. We herein review the role of HPV in HNSCC with a focus on epidemiology, biology, applied diagnostic algorithms and available biomarkers in body fluids as early diagnostic tools in HPV-driven HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Galati
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, F-69372, Lyon, France
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Duca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tagliabue
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Cindy Simoens
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology/Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, F-69372, Lyon, France.
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology/Belgian Cancer Centre, Sciensano, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Human Papillomavirus Positive and Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810967. [PMID: 36142875 PMCID: PMC9504918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) are important agents, responsible for a large percentage of the 745,000 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), which were identified worldwide in 2020. In addition to being virally induced, tobacco and heavy alcohol consumption are believed to cause DNA damage contributing to the high number of HNSCC cases. Gene expression and DNA methylation differ between HNSCC based on HPV status. We used publicly available gene expression and DNA methylation profiles from the Cancer Genome Atlas and compared HPV positive and HPV negative HNSCC groups. We used differential gene expression analysis, differential methylation analysis, and a combination of these two analyses to identify the differences. Differential expression analysis identified 1854 differentially expressed genes, including PCNA, TNFRSF14, TRAF1, TRAF2, BCL2, and BIRC3. SYCP2 was identified as one of the top deregulated genes in the differential methylation analysis and in the combined differential expression and methylation analyses. Additionally, pathway and ontology analyses identified the extracellular matrix and receptor interaction pathway as the most altered between HPV negative and HPV positive HNSCC groups. Combining gene expression and DNA methylation can help in elucidating the genes involved in HPV positive HNSCC tumorigenesis, such as SYCP2 and TAF7L.
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Zheng H, Guo X, Li N, Qin L, Li X, Lou G. Increased expression of SYCP2 predicts poor prognosis in patients suffering from breast carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:922401. [PMID: 36159998 PMCID: PMC9491682 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.922401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of synaptonemal complex protein-2 (SYCP2) has been identified in various human papillomavirus (HPV)–related carcinomas, whereas its significant role in breast carcinoma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic value and potential function of SYCP2 in breast carcinoma. Herein, data for breast carcinoma patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) were analyzed. The enrichment analysis of SYCP2 including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Friends, and GSEA was performed. Kaplan–Meier analysis, Cox regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed for determining the predictive value of SYCP2 on clinical outcomes in patients suffering from breast carcinoma. A nomogram was generated to predict the effect arising from SYCP2 on prognosis. The association analysis of SYCP2 gene expression and diverse immune infiltration levels was conducted through ssGSEA and ESTIMATE analysis, which consisted of dendritic cell (DC), neutrophil, eosinophil, macrophage, mast cell, NK cell, and other 18 cell subtypes. The results showed that SYCP2 expression was significantly elevated in breast carcinoma tissues as compared with that of normal tissues (p < 0.001). SYCP2 plays a certain role in pathways related to DNA methylation, keratinocyte differentiation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and immune infiltration. The high expression of SYCP2 had a significant relationship to age, pathological type, ER expression, and PR expression (p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients suffering from breast carcinoma characterized by high-SYCP2 expression had a poorer prognosis than patients with low-SYCP2 expression (p = 0.005). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that SYCP2 had an independent relationship to overall survival (p = 0.049). Moreover, ROC curves suggested the significant diagnostic ability of SYCP2 for breast carcinoma, and as time went on, SYCP2 had more accurate prognostic efficacy. Furthermore, a high level of SYCP2 expression was found to have a relationship to poor prognosis of breast carcinoma in the subgroups of T3, N0, and M0, and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (HR > 1, p < 0.05). The calibration plot of the nomogram indicated that the SYCP2 model has an effective predictive performance for breast carcinoma patients. Conclusively, SYCP2 plays a vital role in the pathogenesis and progression of human breast carcinoma, so it may serve as a promising prognostic molecular marker of poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Luyao Qin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Ge Lou,
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Zhou X, Wang X. Radioimmunotherapy in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081990. [PMID: 36009537 PMCID: PMC9405566 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a cancer entity with unique biological and clinical characteristics that requires more personalized treatment strategies. As the backbone of conventional therapeutics, radiation is now harnessed to synergize with immunotherapy in multiple malignancies. Accumulating preclinical and clinical data have suggested the potential of radioimmunotherapy in eliciting local and systemic anti-tumor response via direct killing of tumor cells and immunogenic cell death. However, this effect remains uncertain in HPV-associated HNSCC. Owing to its intrinsic radiosensitivity and distinct tumor microenvironment, HPV-associated HNSCC may represent a good candidate for radioimmunotherapy. In this review, we provide a detailed illustration of the biology, the genomic features, and immune landscapes of HPV-associated HNSCC that support the synergism between radiation and immune agents. The interaction between radiotherapy and immunotherapy is described. We also highlight the present evidence as well as ongoing trials using different combination strategies in the recurrent/metastatic or definitive settings. In addition, we have summarized the challenges and outlook for future trial design, with special emphasis on radiotherapy optimization and novel therapeutic options to incorporate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoshen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence:
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Sou IF, Hamer G, Tee WW, Vader G, McClurg UL. Cancer and meiotic gene expression: Two sides of the same coin? Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 151:43-68. [PMID: 36681477 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis increases genetic diversity in offspring by generating genetically unique haploid gametes with reshuffled chromosomes. This process requires a specialized set of meiotic proteins, which facilitate chromosome recombination and segregation. However, re-expression of meiotic proteins in mitosis can have catastrophic oncogenic consequences and aberrant expression of meiotic proteins is a common occurrence in human tumors. Mechanistically, re-activation of meiotic genes in cancer promotes oncogenesis likely because cancers-conversely to healthy mitosis-are fueled by genetic instability which promotes tumor evolution, and evasion of immune response and treatment pressure. In this review, we explore similarities between meiotic and cancer cells with a particular focus on the oncogenic activation of meiotic genes in cancer. We emphasize the role of histones and their modifications, DNA methylation, genome organization, R-loops and the availability of distal enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieng Fong Sou
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Geert Hamer
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wee-Wei Tee
- Chromatin Dynamics and Disease Epigenetics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gerben Vader
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Urszula Lucja McClurg
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Raina VB, Schoot Uiterkamp M, Vader G. Checkpoint control in meiotic prophase: Idiosyncratic demands require unique characteristics. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 151:281-315. [PMID: 36681474 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal transactions such as replication, recombination and segregation are monitored by cell cycle checkpoint cascades. These checkpoints ensure the proper execution of processes that are needed for faithful genome inheritance from one cell to the next, and across generations. In meiotic prophase, a specialized checkpoint monitors defining events of meiosis: programmed DNA break formation, followed by dedicated repair through recombination based on interhomolog (IH) crossovers. This checkpoint shares molecular characteristics with canonical DNA damage checkpoints active during somatic cell cycles. However, idiosyncratic requirements of meiotic prophase have introduced unique features in this signaling cascade. In this review, we discuss the unique features of the meiotic prophase checkpoint. While being related to canonical DNA damage checkpoint cascades, the meiotic prophase checkpoint also shows similarities with the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that guards chromosome segregation. We highlight these emerging similarities in the signaling logic of the checkpoints that govern meiotic prophase and chromosome segregation, and how thinking of these similarities can help us better understand meiotic prophase control. We also discuss work showing that, when aberrantly expressed, components of the meiotic prophase checkpoint might alter DNA repair fidelity and chromosome segregation in cancer cells. Considering checkpoint function in light of demands imposed by the special characteristics of meiotic prophase helps us understand checkpoint integration into the meiotic cell cycle machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek B Raina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Maud Schoot Uiterkamp
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Vader
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Lechner M, Liu J, Masterson L, Fenton TR. Reply to ‘HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer — discussion points’. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2022; 19:422-423. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-022-00627-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose of Review This study assesses the current state of knowledge of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), which are malignancies arising from the orifices and adjacent mucosae of the aerodigestive tracts. These contiguous anatomical areas are unique in that 2 important human oncoviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), are causally associated with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancers, respectively. Mortality rates have remained high over the last 4 decades, and insufficient attention paid to the unique viral and clinical oncology of the different subgroups of HNSCC. Recent Findings We have compared and contrasted the 2 double-stranded DNA viruses and the relevant molecular oncogenesis of their respective cancers against other head and neck cancers. Tobacco and alcohol ingestion are also reviewed, as regard the genetic progression/mutation accumulation model of carcinogenesis. The importance of stringent stratification when searching for cancer mutations and biomarkers is discussed. Evidence is presented for a dysplastic/pre-invasive cancerous phase for HPV+ oropharyngeal cancers, and analogous with other HPV+ cancers. This raises the possibility of strategies for cancer screening as early diagnosis will undoubtedly save lives. Summary Staging and prognostication have changed to take into account the distinct biological and prognostic pathways for viral+ and viral− cancers. Diagnosis of pre-cancers and early stage cancers will reduce mortality rates. Multi-modal treatment options for HNSCC are reviewed, especially recent developments with immunotherapies and precision medicine strategies. Knowledge integration of the viral and molecular oncogenic pathways with sound planning, hypothesis generation, and clinical trials will continue to provide therapeutic options in the future.
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Wu SC, Münger K. Role and Clinical Utility of Cancer/Testis Antigens in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225690. [PMID: 34830845 PMCID: PMC8616139 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer/testis (CT) antigens exhibit selective expression predominantly in immunoprivileged tissues in non-pathological contexts but are aberrantly expressed in diverse cancers. Due to their expression pattern, they have historically been attractive targets for immunotherapies. A growing number of studies implicate CT antigens in almost all hallmarks of cancer, suggesting that they may act as cancer drivers. CT antigens are expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. However, their role in the pathogenesis of these cancers remains poorly studied. Given that CT antigens hold intriguing potential as therapeutic targets and as biomarkers for prognosis and that they can provide novel insights into oncogenic mechanisms, their further study in the context of head and squamous cell carcinoma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Changshan Wu
- Molecular Microbiology Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Karl Münger
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence:
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Prevalence of HPV in Mexican Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma and Identification of Potential Prognostic Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225602. [PMID: 34830760 PMCID: PMC8616077 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that show diverse clinical and biological characteristics associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Biological and clinical characterization is essential to stratify patients based on prognostic and predictive factors. The biological features of HNSCC may change according to geography and population characteristics. Studies on the molecular biology of HNSCC in Mexico are scarce. In the present study, we analyzed 414 Mexican patients with HNSCC and determined the presence and genotype of HPV, p16 expression, and global gene expression profiles. Twenty-two percent of total cases were HPV+, and 32% were p16+. We identified genes associated with survival, such as SLIRP, KLF10, AREG, ACT1, and LIMA. In addition, CSF1R, MYC, and SRC genes were identified as potential therapeutic targets. This study offers information that may be relevant for our understanding of the biology of HNSCC and the development of therapeutic strategies. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) show a variety of biological and clinical characteristics that could depend on the association with the human papillomavirus (HPV). Biological and clinical characterization is essential to stratify patients based on prognostic and predictive factors. Reports on HNSCC are scarce in Mexico. Herein, we analyzed 414 Mexican patients with HNSCC, including oropharynx (OPSCC), larynx (LASCC), and oral cavity (OCSCC), and identified HPV DNA and p16 expression. Global gene expression profiles were analyzed in 25 HPV+/p16+ vs. HPV−/p16− cases. We found 32.3% p16+ and 22.3% HPV+ samples, HPV 16, 18, 39, 52, and 31 being the most frequent genotypes. For OPSCC, LASCC and OCSCC, 39.2, 14.7, and 9.6% were HPV+/p16+, respectively. High expression of SLIRP, KLF10, AREG, and LIMA was associated with poor survival; in contrast, high expression of MYB and SYCP2 correlated with better survival. In HPV+ cases, high expression of SLC25A39 and GJB2 was associated with poor survival. Likewise, EGFR, IL-1, IL-6, JAK-STAT, WNT, NOTCH, and ESR1 signaling pathways were downregulated in HPV+ cases. CSF1R, MYC, and SRC genes were identified as key hubs and therapeutic targets. Our study offers information regarding the molecular and clinical characteristics of HNSCC in Mexican patients.
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Luo H, Li Y, Zhao Y, Chang J, Zhang X, Zou B, Gao L, Wang W. Comprehensive Analysis of circRNA Expression Profiles During Cervical Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:676609. [PMID: 34532284 PMCID: PMC8438239 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.676609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are regulatory molecules that participate in the occurrence, development and progression of tumors. To obtain a complete blueprint of cervical carcinogenesis, we analyzed the temporal transcriptomic landscapes of mRNAs and circRNAs. Microarrays were performed to identify the circRNA and mRNA expression profiles of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) patients compared with normal controls (NC). Short time-series expression miner (STEM) was utilized to characterize the time-course expression patterns of circRNAs and mRNAs from NC to HSIL and CSCC. A total of 3 circRNA profiles and 3 mRNA profiles with continuous upregulated patterns were identified and selected for further analysis. Furthermore, functional annotation showed that the mRNAs were associated with DNA repair and cell division. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that the ten highest-degree genes were considered to be hub genes. Subsequently, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis and real-time PCR validation indicated that hsa_circ_0001955/hsa-miR-6719-3p/CDK1, hsa_circ_0001955/hsa-miR-1277-5p/NEDD4L and hsa_circ_0003954/hsa-miR-15a-3p/SYCP2 were highly correlated with cervical carcinogenesis. Silencing of hsa_circ_0003954 inhibited SiHa cell proliferation and perturb the cell cycle in vitro. This study provides insight into the molecular events regulating cervical carcinogenesis, identifies functional circRNAs in CSCC, and improves the understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular biomarkers of CSCC and HSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuanxing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yueyang Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Binbin Zou
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lifang Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Jay A, Reitz D, Namekawa SH, Heyer WD. Cancer testis antigens and genomic instability: More than immunology. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 108:103214. [PMID: 34481156 PMCID: PMC9196322 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer testis antigens or genes (CTA, CTG) are predominantly expressed in adult testes while silenced in most or all somatic tissues with sporadic expression in many human cancers. Concerted misexpression of numerous CTA/CTGs is rarely observed. This finding argues against the germ cell theory of cancer. A surprising number of CTA/CTGs are involved in meiotic chromosome metabolism and specifically in meiotic recombination. Recent discoveries with a group of CTGs established that their misexpression in somatic cells results in genomic instability by interfering with homologous recombination (HR), a DNA repair pathway for complex DNA damage such as DNA double-stranded breaks, interstrand crosslinks, and single-stranded DNA gaps. HR-deficient tumors have specific vulnerabilities and show synthetic lethality with inhibition of polyADP-ribose polymerase, opening the possibility that expression of CTA/CTGs that result in an HR-defect could be used as an additional biomarker for HR status. Here, we review the repertoire of CTA/CTGs focusing on a cohort that functions in meiotic chromosome metabolism by interrogating relevant cancer databases and discussing recent discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ash Jay
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616-8665, USA
| | - Diedre Reitz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616-8665, USA
| | - Satoshi H Namekawa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616-8665, USA
| | - Wolf-Dietrich Heyer
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616-8665, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616-8665, USA.
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Aggarwal N, Yadav J, Chhakara S, Janjua D, Tripathi T, Chaudhary A, Chhokar A, Thakur K, Singh T, Bharti AC. Phytochemicals as Potential Chemopreventive and Chemotherapeutic Agents for Emerging Human Papillomavirus-Driven Head and Neck Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Prospects. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:699044. [PMID: 34354591 PMCID: PMC8329252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) usually arises from squamous cells of the upper aerodigestive tract that line the mucosal surface in the head and neck region. In India, HNC is common in males, and it is the sixth most common cancer globally. Conventionally, HNC attributes to the use of alcohol or chewing tobacco. Over the past four decades, portions of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive HNC are increasing at an alarming rate. Identification based on the etiological factors and molecular signatures demonstrates that these neoplastic lesions belong to a distinct category that differs in pathological characteristics and therapeutic response. Slow development in HNC therapeutics has resulted in a low 5-year survival rate in the last two decades. Interestingly, HPV-positive HNC has shown better outcomes following conservative treatments and immunotherapies. This raises demand to have a pre-therapy assessment of HPV status to decide the treatment strategy. Moreover, there is no HPV-specific treatment for HPV-positive HNC patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that phytochemicals are promising leads against HNC and show potential as adjuvants to chemoradiotherapy in HNC. However, only a few of these phytochemicals target HPV. The aim of the present article was to collate data on various leading phytochemicals that have shown promising results in the prevention and treatment of HNC in general and HPV-driven HNC. The review explores the possibility of using these leads against HPV-positive tumors as some of the signaling pathways are common. The review also addresses various challenges in the field that prevent their use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Suhail Chhakara
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Li Z, Chen J, Zhao S, Li Y, Zhou J, Liang J, Tang H. Discovery and validation of novel biomarkers for detection of cervical cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2063-2074. [PMID: 33624385 PMCID: PMC7957177 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate novel biomarker for diagnosis of cervical cancer, we analyzed the datasets in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and confirmed the candidate biomarker in patient sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected major datasets of cervical cancer in GEO, and analyzed the differential expression of normal and cancer samples online with GEO2R and tested the differences, then focus on the GSE63514 to screen the target genes in different histological grades by using the R-Bioconductor package and R-heatmap. Then human specimens from the cervix in different histological grades were used to confirm the top 8 genes expression by immunohistochemical staining using Ki67 as a standard control. RESULTS We identified genes differentially expressed in normal and cervical cancer, 274 upregulated genes and 206 downregulated genes. After intersection with GSE63514, we found the obvious tendency in different histological grades. Then we screened the top 24 genes, and confirmed the top 8 genes in human cervix tissues. Immunohistochemical (IHC) results confirmed that keratin 17 (KRT17) was not expressed in normal cervical tissues and was over-expressed in cervical cancer. Cysteine-rich secretory protein-2 (CRISP2) was less expressed in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) than in other histological grades. CONCLUSION For the good repeatability and consistency of KRT17 and CRISP2, they may be good candidate biomarkers. Combined analysis of KRT17, CRISP2 expression at both genetic and protein levels can determine different histological grades of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Such combined analysis is capable of improving diagnostic accuracy of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigang Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyWomen’s HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of PathologyWomen’s HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shaobo Zhao
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yajun Li
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiologyTongde Hospital of Zhejang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Jianghong Liang
- Department of StomatologyGuangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and West MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of PharmacologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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24
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Hosoya N, Miyagawa K. Synaptonemal complex proteins modulate the level of genome integrity in cancers. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:989-996. [PMID: 33382503 PMCID: PMC7935773 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure that is transiently formed during meiosis to promote homologous recombination between maternal and paternal chromosomes. As this structure is required only for meiotic recombination, the proteins constituting the complex are almost undetectable in normal somatic cells, but they can be expressed under the conditions in which the transcriptional machinery is deregulated. Accumulating evidence indicates that they are epigenetically expressed in cancers of various origin. Not surprisingly, in contrast to their meiotic roles, the somatic roles of the SC proteins remain to be investigated. However, it has recently been reported that SYCP3 and SYCE2 control DNA double‐strand break repair negatively and positively, respectively, suggesting that the ectopic expression of the SC proteins in somatic cells could be associated with the maintenance of genomic instability. Thus, it is highly likely that the investigation of the somatic roles of the SC proteins would improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Hosoya
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Miyagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Aggarwal N, Yadav J, Thakur K, Bibban R, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Bhat A, Singh T, Jadli M, Singh U, Kashyap MK, Bharti AC. Human Papillomavirus Infection in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Transcriptional Triggers and Changed Disease Patterns. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020. [PMID: 33344262 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.537650,] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers. Collectively, HNSCC ranks sixth in incidence rate worldwide. Apart from classical risk factors like tobacco and alcohol, infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) is emerging as a discrete risk factor for HNSCC. HPV-positive HNSCC represent a distinct group of diseases that differ in their clinical presentation. These lesions are well-differentiated, occur at an early age, and have better prognosis. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a specific increase in the proportions of the HPV-positive HNSCC. HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC lesions display different disease progression and clinical response. For tumorigenic-transformation, HPV essentially requires a permissive cellular environment and host cell factors for induction of viral transcription. As the spectrum of host factors is independent of HPV infection at the time of viral entry, presumably entry of HPV only selects host cells that are permissive to establishment of HPV infection. Growing evidence suggest that HPV plays a more active role in a subset of HNSCC, where they are transcriptionally-active. A variety of factors provide a favorable environment for HPV to become transcriptionally-active. The most notable are the set of transcription factors that have direct binding sites on the viral genome. As HPV does not have its own transcription machinery, it is fully dependent on host transcription factors to complete the life cycle. Here, we review and evaluate the current evidence on level of a subset of host transcription factors that influence viral genome, directly or indirectly, in HNSCC. Since many of these transcription factors can independently promote carcinogenesis, the composition of HPV permissive transcription factors in a tumor can serve as a surrogate marker of a separate molecularly-distinct class of HNSCC lesions including those cases, where HPV could not get a chance to infect but may manifest better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Bibban
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Bhat
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Jadli
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ujala Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manoj K Kashyap
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Amity Medical School, Stem Cell Institute, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Panchgaon, Gurugram, India
| | - Alok C Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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26
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Peraldo-Neia C, Ostano P, Mello-Grand M, Guana F, Gregnanin I, Boschi D, Oliaro-Bosso S, Pippione AC, Carenzo A, De Cecco L, Cavalieri S, Micali A, Perrone F, Averono G, Bagnasacco P, Dosdegani R, Masini L, Krengli M, Aluffi-Valletti P, Valente G, Chiorino G. AKR1C3 is a biomarker and druggable target for oropharyngeal tumors. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2020; 44:357-372. [PMID: 33211282 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-020-00571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arising from the base of the tongue, lingual tonsils, tonsils, oropharynx or pharynx. The majority of HPV-positive OPSCCs has a good prognosis, but a fraction of them has a poor prognosis, similar to HPV-negative OPSCCs. An in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OPSCC is mandatory for the identification of novel prognostic biomarkers and/or novel therapeutic targets. METHODS 14 HPV-positive and 15 HPV-negative OPSCCs with 5-year follow-up information were subjected to gene expression profiling and, subsequently, compared to three extensive published OPSCC cohorts to define robust biomarkers for HPV-negative lesions. Validation of Aldo-keto-reductases 1C3 (AKR1C3) by qRT-PCR was carried out on an independent cohort (n = 111) of OPSCC cases. In addition, OPSCC cell lines Fadu and Cal-27 were treated with Cisplatin and/or specific AKR1C3 inhibitors to assess their (combined) therapeutic effects. RESULTS Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on the four datasets revealed that the genes down-regulated in HPV-negative samples were mainly involved in immune system, whereas those up-regulated mainly in glutathione derivative biosynthetic and xenobiotic metabolic processes. A panel of 30 robust HPV-associated transcripts was identified, with AKR1C3 as top-overexpressed transcript in HPV-negative samples. AKR1C3 expression in 111 independent OPSCC cases positively correlated with a worse survival, both in the entire cohort and in HPV-positive samples. Pretreatment with a selective AKR1C3 inhibitor potentiated the effect of Cisplatin in OPSCC cells exhibiting higher basal AKR1C3 expression levels. CONCLUSIONS We identified AKR1C3 as a potential prognostic biomarker in OPSCC and as a potential drug target whose inhibition can potentiate the effect of Cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Peraldo-Neia
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Paola Ostano
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Maurizia Mello-Grand
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Guana
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gregnanin
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Agnese Chiara Pippione
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Carenzo
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Micali
- Integrated Biology Platform, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Perrone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Averono
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, via dei Ponderanesi 1, Ponderano, Biella, Italy
| | - Paolo Bagnasacco
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, via dei Ponderanesi 1, Ponderano, Biella, Italy
| | | | - Laura Masini
- Department of Translational Medicine, UPO School of Medicine, Radiotherapy Unit, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Krengli
- Department of Translational Medicine, UPO School of Medicine, Radiotherapy Unit, Novara, Italy
| | - Paolo Aluffi-Valletti
- Department of Health Sciences, UPO School of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Novara, Italy
| | - Guido Valente
- Department of Translational Medicine, UPO School of Medicine, Radiotherapy Unit, Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, via Malta 3, 13900, Biella, Italy.
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27
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Markers of Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (Plasticity) in CIN and Early Invasive Carcinoma of the Cervix: Exploring Putative Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Early Tumor Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186515. [PMID: 32899940 PMCID: PMC7554870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of a proangiogenic phenotype and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are considered as critical events that promote the induction of invasive growth in epithelial tumors, and stimulation of lymphangiogenesis is believed to confer the capacity for early dissemination to cancer cells. Recent research has revealed substantial interdependence between these processes at the molecular level as they rely on common signaling networks. Of great interest are the molecular mechanisms of (lymph-)angiogenesis and EMT associated with the earliest stages of transition from intraepithelial development to invasive growth, as they could provide the source of potentially valuable tools for targeting tumor metastasis. However, in the case of early-stage cervical cancer, the players of (lymph-)angiogenesis and EMT processes still remain substantially uncharacterized. In this study, we used RNA sequencing to compare transcriptomes of HPV(+) preinvasive neoplastic lesions and early-stage invasive carcinoma of the cervix and to identify (lymph-)angiogenesis- and EMT-related genes and pathways that may underlie early acquisition of invasive phenotype and metastatic properties by cervical cancer cells. Second, we applied flow cytometric analysis to evaluate the expression of three key lymphangiogenesis/EMT markers (VEGFR3, MET, and SLUG) in epithelial cells derived from enzymatically treated tissue specimens. Overall, among 201 differentially expressed genes, a considerable number of (lymph-)angiogenesis and EMT regulatory factors were identified, including genes encoding cytokines, growth factor receptors, transcription factors, and adhesion molecules. Pathway analysis confirmed enrichment for angiogenesis, epithelial differentiation, and cell guidance pathways at transition from intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive carcinoma and suggested immune-regulatory/inflammatory pathways to be implicated in initiation of invasive growth of cervical cancer. Flow cytometry showed cell phenotype-specific expression pattern for VEGFR3, MET, and SLUG and revealed correlation with the amount of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes at the early stages of cervical cancer progression. Taken together, these results extend our understanding of driving forces of angiogenesis and metastasis in HPV-associated cervical cancer and may be useful for developing new treatments.
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28
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Zhang J, Lee D, Dhiman V, Jiang P, Xu J, McGillivray P, Yang H, Liu J, Meyerson W, Clarke D, Gu M, Li S, Lou S, Xu J, Lochovsky L, Ung M, Ma L, Yu S, Cao Q, Harmanci A, Yan KK, Sethi A, Gürsoy G, Schoenberg MR, Rozowsky J, Warrell J, Emani P, Yang YT, Galeev T, Kong X, Liu S, Li X, Krishnan J, Feng Y, Rivera-Mulia JC, Adrian J, Broach JR, Bolt M, Moran J, Fitzgerald D, Dileep V, Liu T, Mei S, Sasaki T, Trevilla-Garcia C, Wang S, Wang Y, Zang C, Wang D, Klein RJ, Snyder M, Gilbert DM, Yip K, Cheng C, Yue F, Liu XS, White KP, Gerstein M. An integrative ENCODE resource for cancer genomics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3696. [PMID: 32728046 PMCID: PMC7391744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ENCODE comprises thousands of functional genomics datasets, and the encyclopedia covers hundreds of cell types, providing a universal annotation for genome interpretation. However, for particular applications, it may be advantageous to use a customized annotation. Here, we develop such a custom annotation by leveraging advanced assays, such as eCLIP, Hi-C, and whole-genome STARR-seq on a number of data-rich ENCODE cell types. A key aspect of this annotation is comprehensive and experimentally derived networks of both transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins (TFs and RBPs). Cancer, a disease of system-wide dysregulation, is an ideal application for such a network-based annotation. Specifically, for cancer-associated cell types, we put regulators into hierarchies and measure their network change (rewiring) during oncogenesis. We also extensively survey TF-RBP crosstalk, highlighting how SUB1, a previously uncharacterized RBP, drives aberrant tumor expression and amplifies the effect of MYC, a well-known oncogenic TF. Furthermore, we show how our annotation allows us to place oncogenic transformations in the context of a broad cell space; here, many normal-to-tumor transitions move towards a stem-like state, while oncogene knockdowns show an opposing trend. Finally, we organize the resource into a coherent workflow to prioritize key elements and variants, in addition to regulators. We showcase the application of this prioritization to somatic burdening, cancer differential expression and GWAS. Targeted validations of the prioritized regulators, elements and variants using siRNA knockdowns, CRISPR-based editing, and luciferase assays demonstrate the value of the ENCODE resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Vineet Dhiman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Cancer Data Science Lab, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Patrick McGillivray
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jason Liu
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - William Meyerson
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Declan Clarke
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mengting Gu
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shantao Li
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shaoke Lou
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jinrui Xu
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Lucas Lochovsky
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Matthew Ung
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03765, USA
| | - Lijia Ma
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Qin Cao
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Arif Harmanci
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Koon-Kiu Yan
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Anurag Sethi
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gamze Gürsoy
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Michael Rutenberg Schoenberg
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Joel Rozowsky
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan Warrell
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Prashant Emani
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yucheng T Yang
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Timur Galeev
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xiangmeng Kong
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jayanth Krishnan
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yanlin Feng
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jessica Adrian
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - James R Broach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Michael Bolt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Moran
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Dominic Fitzgerald
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Vishnu Dileep
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shenglin Mei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Takayo Sasaki
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Claudia Trevilla-Garcia
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Daifeng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53726, USA
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - David M Gilbert
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Kevin Yip
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03765, USA
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Kevin P White
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Tempus Labs, Chicago, IL, 60654, USA.
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Statistics & Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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29
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Aggarwal N, Yadav J, Thakur K, Bibban R, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Bhat A, Singh T, Jadli M, Singh U, Kashyap MK, Bharti AC. Human Papillomavirus Infection in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Transcriptional Triggers and Changed Disease Patterns. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:537650. [PMID: 33344262 PMCID: PMC7738612 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.537650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers. Collectively, HNSCC ranks sixth in incidence rate worldwide. Apart from classical risk factors like tobacco and alcohol, infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) is emerging as a discrete risk factor for HNSCC. HPV-positive HNSCC represent a distinct group of diseases that differ in their clinical presentation. These lesions are well-differentiated, occur at an early age, and have better prognosis. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a specific increase in the proportions of the HPV-positive HNSCC. HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC lesions display different disease progression and clinical response. For tumorigenic-transformation, HPV essentially requires a permissive cellular environment and host cell factors for induction of viral transcription. As the spectrum of host factors is independent of HPV infection at the time of viral entry, presumably entry of HPV only selects host cells that are permissive to establishment of HPV infection. Growing evidence suggest that HPV plays a more active role in a subset of HNSCC, where they are transcriptionally-active. A variety of factors provide a favorable environment for HPV to become transcriptionally-active. The most notable are the set of transcription factors that have direct binding sites on the viral genome. As HPV does not have its own transcription machinery, it is fully dependent on host transcription factors to complete the life cycle. Here, we review and evaluate the current evidence on level of a subset of host transcription factors that influence viral genome, directly or indirectly, in HNSCC. Since many of these transcription factors can independently promote carcinogenesis, the composition of HPV permissive transcription factors in a tumor can serve as a surrogate marker of a separate molecularly-distinct class of HNSCC lesions including those cases, where HPV could not get a chance to infect but may manifest better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Bibban
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Bhat
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Jadli
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ujala Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manoj K. Kashyap
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Amity Medical School, Stem Cell Institute, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley Panchgaon, Gurugram, India
| | - Alok C. Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Alok C. Bharti,
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30
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Haeggblom L, Ährlund‐Richter A, Mirzaie L, Farrajota Neves da Silva P, Ursu RG, Ramqvist T, Näsman A. Differences in gene expression between high-grade dysplasia and invasive HPV + and HPV - tonsillar and base of tongue cancer. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6221-6232. [PMID: 31454186 PMCID: PMC6797576 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent for tonsillar and base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC/BOTSCC), as well as for cervical cancer. Premalignant stages in cervical cancer have been studied extensively, while little is known about premalignant stages in TSCC/BOTSCC and the role of HPV. Here we analyzed differences in gene and protein expression between high-grade dysplasia and invasive cancer in both HPV-positive (HPV+ ) and HPV-negative (HPV- ) TSCC/BOTSCC. METHODS High-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma were laser microdissected from HPV+ and HPV- TSCC/BOTSCC tumor sections. Differential gene expression was studied utilizing nanoString RNA-panels and genes of interest were validated on the protein level by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Forty genes in the HPV+ tumors showed significantly different expression between high-grade dysplasia and invasive cancer and 33 genes in the HPV- tumors. Five out of the nine most significant pathways showed similar increased activity in invasive cancer as compared to high-grade dysplasia in both HPV+ and HPV- tumors. Lastly, significant differences in protein expression was confirmed for SPARC, psoriasin, type I collagen and galectin-1 in both HPV+ and HPV- tumors. CONCLUSIONS This is to our knowledge the first study disclosing differences and similarities in gene expression between dysplastic and invasive HPV+ and HPV- TSCC/BOTSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Haeggblom
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | | | - Leila Mirzaie
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Pedro Farrajota Neves da Silva
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical PathologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Ramona G. Ursu
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa IasiIasiRomania
| | | | - Anders Näsman
- Department of Oncology‐PathologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Department of Clinical PathologyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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31
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Paget-Bailly P, Meznad K, Bruyère D, Perrard J, Herfs M, Jung AC, Mougin C, Prétet JL, Baguet A. Comparative RNA sequencing reveals that HPV16 E6 abrogates the effect of E6*I on ROS metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5938. [PMID: 30976051 PMCID: PMC6459911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk Human Papillomavirus infections are responsible for anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Alternative splicing is an important mechanism controlling HPV16 gene expression. Modulation in the splice pattern leads to polycistronic HPV16 early transcripts encoding a full length E6 oncoprotein or truncated E6 proteins, commonly named E6*. Spliced E6*I transcripts are the most abundant RNAs produced in HPV-related cancers. To date, the biological function of the E6*I isoform remains controversial. In this study, we identified, by RNA sequencing, cellular targets deregulated by E6*I, among which genes related to ROS metabolism. Concomitantly, E6*I-overexpressing cells display high levels of ROS. However, co-overexpression of both E6 and E6*I has no effect on ROS production. In HPV16-infected cells expressing different E6/E6*I levels, we show that the newly identified targets CCL2 and RAC2 are increased by E6*I but decreased by E6 expression, suggesting that E6 abrogates the effect of E6*I. Taken together, these data support the idea that E6*I acts independently of E6 to increase ROS production and that E6 has the ability to counteract the effects of E6*I. This asks the question of how E6*I can be considered separately of E6 in the natural history of HPV16 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Paget-Bailly
- EA3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, UFR Santé, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, Besançon, France.,Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Koceila Meznad
- EA3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, UFR Santé, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, Besançon, France.,Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Diane Bruyère
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Perrard
- EA3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, UFR Santé, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, Besançon, France.,Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Michael Herfs
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alain C Jung
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, UMR_S1113, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Paul STRAUSS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christiane Mougin
- EA3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, UFR Santé, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, Besançon, France.,Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France.,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, CNR HPV, 3 Bvd Alexandre Fleming, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- EA3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, UFR Santé, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, Besançon, France.,Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France.,Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, CNR HPV, 3 Bvd Alexandre Fleming, Besançon, France
| | - Aurélie Baguet
- EA3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, UFR Santé, 19 rue Ambroise Paré, Besançon, France. .,Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France.
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32
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Wu C, Tuo Y. SYCP2 expression is a novel prognostic biomarker in luminal A/B breast cancer. Future Oncol 2019; 15:817-826. [PMID: 30511892 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the prognostic value of synaptonemal complex protein-2 (SYCP2) in different subtypes of breast cancer. Patients & materials: In silico bioinformatic analysis was conducted using large databases. Results: SYCP2 was only significantly upregulated in luminal B tumors compared with the adjacent normal tissues. SYCP2 expression was an independent indicator of shorter overall survival in luminal A patients (hazard ratio: 2.269; 95% CI: 1.059–4.862; p = 0.035) and luminal B patients (hazard ratio: 2.546; 95% CI: 1.020–6.355; p = 0.045). Its expression was negatively correlated with the methylation status of multiple CpG sites (cg22214414, cg23241473 and cg07347645) in both luminal A and luminal B tumors. Conclusion: Increased SYCP2 expression might be an independent indicator of shorter overall survival in both luminal A and luminal B patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihua Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Youlin Tuo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Electronic Science & Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, PR China
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Howard J, Dwivedi RC, Masterson L, Kothari P, Quon H, Holsinger FC. De-intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral minimally invasive surgery for resectable HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 12:CD012939. [PMID: 30550641 PMCID: PMC6517188 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012939.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 400,000 cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPSCC) are diagnosed every year worldwide and this is rising. Much of the increase has been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV-positive OPSCC patients are often younger and have significantly improved survival relative to HPV-negative patients. Traditional management of OPSCC has been with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, as this was shown to have similar survival to open surgery but with significantly lower morbidity. Techniques have evolved, however, with the development of computerised planning and intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and of minimally invasive surgical techniques. Acute and late toxicities associated with chemoradiotherapy are a significant burden for OPSCC patients and with an ever-younger cohort, any strategies that could decrease treatment-associated morbidity should be investigated. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of de-intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy in comparison to standard adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy in patients treated with minimally invasive transoral surgery (transoral robotic surgery or transoral laser microsurgery) for resectable HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane ENT Information Specialist searched the Cochrane ENT Trials Register; Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; CINAHL; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the search was 26 April 2018. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in patients with carcinoma of the oropharynx (as defined by the World Health Organization classification C09, C10). Cancers included were primary HPV-positive squamous cell tumours originating from the oropharyngeal mucosa. Tumours were classified as T1-4a with or without nodal spread and with no evidence of distant metastatic spread. The intervention was minimally invasive transoral surgery followed by de-intensified adjuvant therapy (either omission of chemotherapy or reduced-dose radiotherapy). The comparator was minimally invasive transoral surgery followed by standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy or standard-dose radiotherapy. The treatments received were of curative intent and patients had not undergone any prior intervention, other than diagnostic biopsy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcomes were overall survival (disease-related survival was to be studied where possible) and disease-free survival, measured at one, two, three and five years. Our secondary outcomes included assessment of swallowing ability and voice, measured at one, six, 12 and 24 months. We planned to use GRADE to assess the quality of evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS We did not identify any completed RCTs that met our inclusion criteria. However, three eligible studies are in progress:ADEPT is a phase III trial comparing postoperative radiotherapy with or without cisplatin in HPV-positive T1-4a OPSCC patients. Included patients must have received minimally invasive surgery and demonstrated extra-capsular spread from disease in the neck.ECOG-E3311 is a phase II trial of treatment for HPV-positive locally advanced OPSCC (stages III-IVa + IVb without distant metastasis). Patients are stratified after minimally invasive surgery. Medium-risk patients are randomised to either standard or reduced-dose radiotherapy.PATHOS is a phase III trial of treatment for HPV-positive OPSCC (T1-3, N0-2b). Patients are stratified after minimally invasive surgery. Medium-risk patients are randomised to either standard or reduced-dose radiotherapy. High-risk patients are randomised to radiotherapy with or without concurrent cisplatin. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the current lack of high-quality randomised controlled trials studying treatment de-escalation after minimally invasive surgery in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC. However, trials that will meet the inclusion criteria for this review are in progress with results expected between 2021 and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Howard
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentHills RoadCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | - Raghav C Dwivedi
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentHills RoadCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | - Liam Masterson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentHills RoadCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | | | - Harry Quon
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences401 North Broadway‐Suite 1440BaltimoreUSA
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Iman M, Narimani Z, Hamraz I, Ansari E. Network based identification of different mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of human papilloma virus-active and human papilloma virus-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Iman
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Narimani
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); Zanjan Iran
- Research Center for Basic Sciences and Modern Technologies (RBST); Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); Zanjan Iran
| | - Iman Hamraz
- Department of pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Department of biostatistics, Faculty of medicine; Arak university of medical sciences; Arak Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ansari
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS); Zanjan Iran
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Costa RL, Boroni M, Soares MA. Distinct co-expression networks using multi-omic data reveal novel interventional targets in HPV-positive and negative head-and-neck squamous cell cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15254. [PMID: 30323202 PMCID: PMC6189122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) is present in a significant fraction of head-and-neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). The main goal of this study was to identify distinct co-expression patterns between HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC and to provide insights into potential regulatory mechanisms/effects within the analyzed networks. We selected cases deposited in The Cancer Genome Atlas database comprising data of gene expression, methylation profiles and mutational patterns, in addition to clinical information. The intersection among differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes showed the negative correlations between the levels of methylation and expression, suggesting that these genes have their expression levels regulated by methylation alteration patterns in their promoter. Weighted correlation network analysis was used to identify co-expression modules and a systematic approach was applied to refine them and identify key regulatory elements integrating results from the other omics. Three distinct co-expression modules were associated with HPV status and molecular signatures. Validation using independent studies reporting biological experimental data converged for the most significant genes in all modules. This study provides insights into complex genetic and epigenetic particularities in the development and progression of HNSCC according to HPV status, and contribute to unveiling specific genes/pathways as novel therapeutic targets in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Costa
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Soares
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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36
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Deng Q, Liang H. Expression and mutations of BRCA in breast cancer and ovarian cancer: Evidence from bioinformatics analyses. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3542-3550. [PMID: 30221688 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 (BRCA2) are the most well‑known genes linked to breast cancer and ovarian cancer, which are crucial in DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. The present study aimed to elucidate the expression profiles, mutations and interaction networks of BRCA1 and BRCA2, which may provide insights to reveal the mechanisms of BRCA genes ultimately leading to breast or ovarian tumorigenesis. Bioinformatics analyses were performed in the present study. The mRNA levels of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were evaluated using FIREHOSE analysis, SAGE Genie tools and Oncomine analysis. cBioPortal analysis, and Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer analysis were used to examine the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Kaplan‑Meier Plotter analysis was performed to identify the prognostic roles of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer and ovarian cancer. The results of the present study showed that the mRNA expression levels of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were elevated in breast cancer and ovarian cancer tissues, compared with their matched normal tissues. Second, several common mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were identified in breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Finally, neurofibromin 1, synaptonemal complex protein 2 and tumor protein 53 were predicted to be involved in the interaction network of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Taken together, these results provide a significant insight into certain mutations and proteins involved in the interaction network of BRCA1 and BRCA2, which may have common roles in breast cancer and ovarian cancer. However, the complex mechanism underlying these observations remains to be fully elucidated, and further investigations are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Zhang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Deng
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
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37
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Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Trivedi HM, Lima PO, Camargo PM, Giannobile WV, Grogan TR, Gleber-Netto FO, Whiteman Y, Li F, Lee HJ, Dharia K, Aro K, Carerras-Presas CM, Amuthan S, Vartak M, Akin D, Al-adbullah H, Bembey K, Klokkevold PR, Elashoff D, Barnes VM, Richter R, DeVizio W, Masters JG, Wong DTW. Salivary exRNA biomarkers to detect gingivitis and monitor disease regression. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:806-817. [PMID: 29779262 PMCID: PMC6023773 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study tests the hypothesis that salivary extracellular RNA (exRNA) biomarkers can be developed for gingivitis detection and monitoring disease regression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salivary exRNA biomarker candidates were developed from a total of 100 gingivitis and non-gingivitis individuals using Affymetrix's expression microarrays. The top 10 differentially expressed exRNAs were tested in a clinical cohort to determine whether the discovered salivary exRNA markers for gingivitis were associated with clinical gingivitis and disease regression. For this purpose, unstimulated saliva was collected from 30 randomly selected gingivitis subjects, the gingival and plaque indexes scores were taken at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks and salivary exRNAs were assayed by means of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Eight salivary exRNA biomarkers developed for gingivitis were statistically significantly changed over time, consistent with disease regression. A panel of four salivary exRNAs [SPRR1A, lnc-TET3-2:1, FAM25A, CRCT1] can detect gingivitis with a clinical performance of 0.91 area under the curve, with 71% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSIONS The clinical values of the developed salivary exRNA biomarkers are associated with gingivitis regression. They offer strong potential to be advanced for definitive validation and clinical laboratory development test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harsh M. Trivedi
- Colgate Palmolive Co., Early Research Oral Care, New Jersey, 909
River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 08855
| | - Patricia O. Lima
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, UCLA School
of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School,
University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Camargo
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of
California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William V. Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tristan R. Grogan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California at Los
Angeles, California, USA
| | - Frederico O. Gleber-Netto
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, Centro Internacional de Pesquisa e
Ensino (CIPE), AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yair Whiteman
- Center for Esthetic Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, University
of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, UCLA School
of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hyo Jung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National
University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Karan Dharia
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | - Katri Aro
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, UCLA School
of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Saarah Amuthan
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | - Manjiri Vartak
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | - David Akin
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, UCLA School
of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiba Al-adbullah
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | - Kanika Bembey
- UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles,
California, USA
| | - Perry R. Klokkevold
- Section of Periodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of
California at Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California at Los
Angeles, California, USA
| | - Virginia Monsul Barnes
- Colgate Palmolive Co., Clinical Research Oral Care, New Jersey, 909
River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 08855
| | - Rose Richter
- Colgate Palmolive Co., Clinical Research Oral Care, New Jersey, 909
River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 08855
| | - William DeVizio
- Colgate Palmolive Co., Clinical Research Oral Care, New Jersey, 909
River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 08855
| | - James G. Masters
- Colgate Palmolive Co., Early Research Oral Care, New Jersey, 909
River Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA 08855
| | - David T. W. Wong
- Center for Oral/Head & Neck Oncology Research, UCLA School
of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, California, USA
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Howard J, Dwivedi RC, Masterson L, Kothari P, Quon H, Holsinger FC. De-intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral minimally invasive surgery for resectable HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Howard
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; ENT Department; Hills Road Cambridge UK CB2 0QQ
| | - Raghav C Dwivedi
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; ENT Department; Hills Road Cambridge UK CB2 0QQ
| | - Liam Masterson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; ENT Department; Hills Road Cambridge UK CB2 0QQ
| | | | - Harry Quon
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences; 401 North Broadway-Suite 1440 Baltimore USA
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Wu DM, Shi J, Liu T, Deng SH, Han R, Xu Y. Integrated analysis reveals down-regulation of SPARCL1 is correlated with cervical cancer development and progression. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:355-365. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Is p16 an adequate surrogate for human papillomavirus status determination? Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 25:108-112. [PMID: 28141601 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0000000000000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In head and neck cancer management, immunoexpression of protein p16 is widely used as a surrogate marker for human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity due to challenges of direct HPV testing. Previously p16 has been reported to have good sensitivity but only moderate specificity in HPV-status determination. The aim of this review is to evaluate the existing information on sensitivity and specificity of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HPV-status determination among the recent studies. RECENT FINDINGS We searched the time period from October 2014 to April 2016 and included 28 studies (a total of 31 analyses), which reported both p16 and HPV status in their series. The sensitivity of p16 in HPV determination ranged between 28.2 and 100.0%. The mean and median sensitivities were 90.5 and 95.4%, respectively. The specificity ranged between 31.1 and 100.0%. The mean and median specificities were 83.3 and 87.3%, respectively. SUMMARY Our review presents current information on the feasibility of p16 IHC in HPV status determination, which is in line with previous studies. Patients with HPV-positive tumors can be identified with p16 IHC, but a risk for misclassification of HPV-negative tumors as HPV positive exists. This fact has to be taken into consideration if HPV status will influence treatment planning.
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Tonella L, Giannoccaro M, Alfieri S, Canevari S, De Cecco L. Gene Expression Signatures for Head and Neck Cancer Patient Stratification: Are Results Ready for Clinical Application? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18:32. [PMID: 28474265 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-017-0472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading cancer by incidence worldwide and considering the recent EUROCARE-5 population-based study the 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients in Europe ranges between 69% in localized cases and 34% in patients with regional involvement. The development of high-throughput gene expression assays in the last two decades has provided the invaluable opportunity to improve our knowledge on cancer biology and to identify predictive signatures in the most deeply analyzed malignancies, such as hematological and breast cancers. At variance, till 2010, the number of reliable reports referring gene expression data related to HSNCC biology and prediction was quite limited. A critical revision of the literature reporting gene expression data in HNSCC indicated that in the last 6 years, there were new important studies with a relevant increase in the sample size and a more accurate selection of cases, the publication of a growing number of studies applying a computational integration (meta-analysis) of different microarray datasets addressing similar clinical/biological questions, the increased use of molecular sub-classification of tumors according to their gene expression, and the release of the publicly available largest dataset in HNSCC by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium. Overall, also for this disease, it become evident that the expression analysis of the entire transcriptome has been enabling to achieve the identification of promising molecular signatures for (i) disclosure of the biology behind carcinogenesis with special focus on the HPV-related one, (ii) prediction of tumor recurrence or metastasis development, (iii) identification of subgroups of tumors with different biology and associated prognosis, and (iv) prediction of outcome and/or response to therapy. The increasing awareness of the relevance of strict collaboration among clinicians and translational researchers would in a near future enable the application of a personalized HNSCCs patients' treatment in the clinical practice based also on gene expression signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tonella
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Giannoccaro
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Degli Esposti D, Sklias A, Lima SC, Beghelli-de la Forest Divonne S, Cahais V, Fernandez-Jimenez N, Cros MP, Ecsedi S, Cuenin C, Bouaoun L, Byrnes G, Accardi R, Sudaka A, Giordanengo V, Hernandez-Vargas H, Pinto LFR, Van Obberghen-Schilling E, Herceg Z. Unique DNA methylation signature in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Genome Med 2017; 9:33. [PMID: 28381277 PMCID: PMC5382363 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) represent a heterogeneous group of cancers for which human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is an emerging risk factor. Previous studies showed promoter hypermethylation in HPV(+) oropharyngeal cancers, but only few consistent target genes have been so far described, and the evidence of a functional impact on gene expression is still limited. METHODS We performed global and stratified pooled analyses of epigenome-wide data in HNSCCs based on the Illumina HumanMethylation450 bead-array data in order to identify tissue-specific components and common viral epigenetic targets in HPV-associated tumours. RESULTS We identified novel differentially methylated CpGs and regions associated with viral infection that are independent of the anatomic site. In particular, most hypomethylated regions were characterized by a marked loss of CpG island boundaries, which showed significant correlations with expression of neighbouring genes. Moreover, a subset of only five CpGs in a few hypomethylated regions predicted HPV status with a high level of specificity in different cohorts. Finally, this signature was a better predictor of survival compared with HPV status determined by viral gene expression by RNA sequencing in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel epigenetic signature of HPV infection in HNSCCs which is independent of the anatomic site, is functionally correlated with gene expression and may be leveraged for improved stratification of prognosis in HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Degli Esposti
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Athena Sklias
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Sheila C Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent Cahais
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Nora Fernandez-Jimenez
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Cros
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Szilvia Ecsedi
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Liacine Bouaoun
- Environment Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Graham Byrnes
- Environment Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Rosita Accardi
- Infection Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Sudaka
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06100, Nice, France
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, 06189, France
| | - Valérie Giordanengo
- Université Côte d'Azur, Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Nice-Archet, 06202, Nice, France
| | - Hector Hernandez-Vargas
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | | | - Ellen Van Obberghen-Schilling
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), 06100, Nice, France.
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, 06189, France.
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France.
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Howard J, Masterson L, Dwivedi RC, Riffat F, Benson R, Jefferies S, Jani P, Tysome JR, Nutting C. Minimally invasive surgery versus radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy for small-volume primary oropharyngeal carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 12:CD010963. [PMID: 27943254 PMCID: PMC6463943 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010963.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 400,000 cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are diagnosed each year worldwide and the incidence is rising, partly as a result of human papillomavirus. Human papillomavirus-associated OPSCC affects younger patients and often presents at a higher stage; however, it is associated with a better prognosis.Until recently, first-line management of OPSCC involved chemoradiotherapy, as research had demonstrated comparable survival outcomes when compared with open surgery, with significantly decreased morbidity. However, interventions have now evolved with computerised planning and intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and the advent of endoscopic head and neck surgery, which provide the potential for decreased treatment-associated morbidity.The oropharynx plays an essential role in swallowing, speech and protecting the airway as it is situated at the bifurcation of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Treatment modality recommendations are based on survival outcomes. Given the younger patient demographic, establishing the safety of modalities that potentially have better functional outcome is becoming increasingly important. OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of endoscopic head and neck surgery (transoral robotic surgery or transoral laser microsurgery) for small-volume, primary (T1-2, N0-2) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in comparison to radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane ENT Information Specialist searched the ENT Trials Register; Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2016, Issue 10); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the search was 8 November 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials in patients with carcinoma in the oropharynx subsite (as defined by the World Health Organization classification C09, C10). Cancers included were primary squamous cell carcinomas arising from the oropharyngeal mucosa. The tumours were classified as T1-T2 with or without nodal disease and with no evidence of distant metastatic spread. The intervention was transoral, minimally invasive surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy or adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The comparator was primary radiotherapy with or without induction or concurrent chemotherapy for the tumour. The treatments received and compared were of curative intent and patients had not undergone prior intervention, other than diagnostic biopsy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcomes were overall survival (disease-related mortality was to be studied where possible), locoregional control, disease-free survival and progression-free survival or time to recurrence. All outcomes were to be measured at two, three and five years after diagnosis. Our secondary outcomes included quality of life, harms associated with treatment, patient satisfaction and xerostomia score. MAIN RESULTS No completed studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Two ongoing trials fulfilled the selection criteria, however neither are complete.'Early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: radiotherapy versus trans-oral robotic surgery (ORATOR)' is a phase II randomised controlled trial comparing primary radiation therapy with primary transoral robotic surgery for small-volume primary (T1-2, N0-2) OPSCC. It is currently in progress with an estimated completion date of June 2021.'European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 1420 (EORTC 1420-HNCG-ROG)' is a phase III, randomised study assessing the "best of" radiotherapy compared to transoral robotic surgery/transoral laser microsurgery in patients with T1-T2, N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and base of tongue. It was due to start accrual mid-2016. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The role of endoscopic head and neck surgery in the management of OPSCC is clearly expanding as evidenced by its more overt incorporation into the current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Data are mounting regarding its outcomes both in terms of survival and lower morbidity. As confidence increases, it is being used in the management of more advanced OPSCC.Based on this review, there is currently no high-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials regarding clinical outcomes for patients with oropharyngeal cancer receiving endoscopic head and neck surgery compared with primary chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Howard
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentHills RoadCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | - Liam Masterson
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentHills RoadCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | - Raghav C Dwivedi
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentHills RoadCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | | | - Richard Benson
- Addenbrooke's HospitalOncology CentreBox 193CambridgeUKCB2 2QQ
| | - Sarah Jefferies
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Piyush Jani
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustENT DepartmentHills RoadCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | - James R Tysome
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Chris Nutting
- Royal Marsden HospitalHead and Neck UnitFulham RoadLondonUKSW3 6JJ
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Prigge ES, Arbyn M, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Reuschenbach M. Diagnostic accuracy of p16 INK4a immunohistochemistry in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:1186-1198. [PMID: 27859245 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of human papillomavirus (HPV) causality in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) is likely to influence therapeutic decisions in affected patients in the near future. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of p16INK4a immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify HPV-induced OPSCC. We identified all studies that performed p16INK4a IHC (index test) and HPV E6/E7 mRNA detection using an amplification-based method (gold standard to indicate a transforming relevance of HPV) in OPSCC. Testing with one or more comparator tests (HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing) was an optional criterion for inclusion. Among 1,636 retrieved studies 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity of p16INK4a IHC, HPV DNA PCR, HPV DNA ISH and p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing was 94% (95%-confidence interval (CI) 91-97%), 98% (CI 94-100%), 85% (CI 76-92%) and 93% (CI 87-97%), respectively. The pooled specificity was 83% (CI 78-88%), 84% (CI 74-92%), 88% (CI 78-96%) and 96% (CI 89-100%), respectively. p16INK4a IHC/HPV DNA PCR combined testing was as sensitive as either p16INK4a IHC or HPV DNA PCR alone but significantly more specific than either separate test. In conclusion, p16INK4a IHC is highly sensitive but moderately specific to diagnose HPV-transformed OPSCC when used as a single test. Combined p16INK4a IHC and HPV DNA PCR testing significantly enhances specificity while maintaining high sensitivity. This diagnostic test combination thus represents an attractive testing strategy for the reliable diagnosis of HPV-induced OPSCC in the clinical setting and may constitute an inclusion criterion for future therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Sophie Prigge
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Belgian Cancer Centre and Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, B1050, Belgium.,University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Miriam Reuschenbach
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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CD8 + T cell response to human papillomavirus 16 E7 is able to predict survival outcome in oropharyngeal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016; 67:141-151. [PMID: 27669501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunological response to human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development and progression of HPV16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) (accounting for the majority of viral associated cases) is largely unknown and may provide important insights for new therapeutic strategies. METHODS In this prospective clinical trial (UKCRN11945), we examined cell-mediated immune responses to HPV16 E2, E6 and E7 in peripheral blood using IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. CD56+, CD4+, CD8+ and regulatory T cell frequencies were also discerned by flow cytometry. Fifty-one study participants with oropharyngeal carcinoma were recruited. Control subjects were those undergoing tonsillectomy for benign disease. All patients were treated with curative intent by radiotherapy ± chemotherapy. Disease-specific survival was investigated by multivariate analysis. RESULTS HPV16 DNA was detected in 41/51 of the OPSCC participants. T cell responses against HPV16 E6 or E7 peptides were detected in 33/51 evaluable patients, respectively and correlated with HPV status. Matched pre- and post-treatment T cell responses were available for 39/51 OPSCC cases. Within the whole cohort, elevated post-treatment CD8+ response to HPV16 E7 correlated with longer disease free survival (multivariate DFS p < 0.03). Within the HPV + OPSCC cohort, a significant increase in regulatory T cells (p < 0.02) was noted after treatment. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to provide survival data in OPSCC stratified by cell-mediated immune response to HPV16 peptides. Within the HPV16+ OPSCC cohort, enhanced immunoreactivity to antigen E7 was linked to improved survival. An increase in regulatory T cell frequencies after treatment may suggest that immunosuppression can contribute to a reduced HPV-specific cell-mediated response.
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Masterson L, Winder DM, Ball SLR, Vaughan K, Lehmann M, Scholtz LU, Sterling JC, Sudhoff HH, Goon PKC. Molecular analyses of unselected head and neck cancer cases demonstrates that human papillomavirus transcriptional activity is positively associated with survival and prognosis. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:367. [PMID: 27296171 PMCID: PMC4906991 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus DNA detection in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has been linked to improved patient prognosis. The main aims of the study was to test the hypotheses that HPV16 E6/E7 oncogene and p53 function within tumours were associated with the widely reported improved patient survival and prognosis in head and neck cancer. Methods HPV16 DNA, mRNA and p53 mRNA presence were analysed in a prospective study of 42 unselected HNSCC patients; correlating the data with patient age, tumour staging/grade, treatment response, disease recurrence and survival. Results HPV16 DNA and HPV16 mRNA were present in 45.2 % and 21.4 % of patients, respectively. There was a significant positive association between the detection of HPV16 E6/E7 mRNA and p53 mRNA (p = 0.032), but this was not replicated for HPV16 DNA. Five-year disease free survival for the whole cohort was 63 % (CI 52.5–73.5 %). Multivariable analysis revealed only HPV16 E6/E7 mRNA expression to have significant prognostic influence (p = 0.04). Conclusions Our study suggests that HPV16 oncogenic transcriptional activity within HNSCC tumours is associated with improved patient survival and better prognosis in a German population. Simple HPV DNA detection alone did not demonstrate this association. The significant association of full-length (wild-type) p53 with HPV16 E6/E7 mRNA is further evidence for a functional relationship, which could contribute to the widely reported improved survival and prognosis. Larger studies are required to validate the frequency of HPV16 mRNA expression in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Masterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David M Winder
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Katie Vaughan
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bielefeld Academic Teaching Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lars-Uwe Scholtz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bielefeld Academic Teaching Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jane C Sterling
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Holger H Sudhoff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bielefeld Academic Teaching Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter K C Goon
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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CRCT1 regulated by microRNA-520 g inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:8271-9. [PMID: 26718216 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich C-terminal 1 (CRCT1) is encoded by the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC), a gene cluster that was recently linked to esophageal cancer. However, the role of CRCT1 in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In the present study, we show that CRCT1 is downregulated in ESCC in association with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Restoring CRCT1 in ESCC cells by lentivirus-mediated gene transfer inhibited cell proliferation and xenograft tumor formation. CRCT1 overexpression promoted ESCC cell apoptosis and upregulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. CRCT1 expression was inversely correlated with the levels of microRNA-520 g (miR-520 g) in ESCC tissues, and CRCT1 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-520 g in ESCC cells. Consistent with the effects of CRCT1 overexpression, knockdown of miR-520 g inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in ESCC cells. Our results suggest that CRCT1 functions as a tumor suppressor gene in ESCC and is regulated by miR-520 g, providing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of ESCC.
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Masterson L, Sorgeloos F, Winder D, Lechner M, Marker A, Malhotra S, Sudhoff H, Jani P, Goon P, Sterling J. Deregulation of SYCP2 predicts early stage human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma: A prospective whole transcriptome analysis. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1568-75. [PMID: 26334652 PMCID: PMC4714680 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to identify significant differences in gene expression profiles of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive and HPV‐negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC) and to better understand the functional and biological effects of HPV infection in the premalignant pathway. Twenty‐four consecutive patients with locally advanced primary OPSCC were included in a prospective clinical trial. Fresh tissue samples (tumor vs. matched normal epithelium) were subjected to whole transcriptome analysis and the results validated on the same cohort with RT–quantitative real‐time PCR. In a separate retrospective cohort of 27 OPSCC patients, laser capture microdissection of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue allowed RNA extraction from adjacent regions of normal epithelium, carcinoma in situ (premalignant) and invasive SCC tissue. The majority of patients showed evidence of high‐risk HPV16 positivity (80.4%). Predictable fold changes of RNA expression in HPV‐associated disease included multiple transcripts within the p53 oncogenic pathway (e.g. CDKN2A/CCND1). Other candidate transcripts found to have altered levels of expression in this study have not previously been established (SFRP1, CRCT1, DLG2, SYCP2, and CRNN). Of these, SYCP2 showed the most consistent fold change from baseline in premalignant tissue; aberrant expression of this protein may contribute to genetic instability during HPV‐associated cancer development. If further corroborated, this data may contribute to the development of a non‐invasive screening tool. This study is registered with the UK Clinical Research Network (ref.: 11945).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Masterson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - David Winder
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matt Lechner
- University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Alison Marker
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shalini Malhotra
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Holger Sudhoff
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Bielefeld Academic Teaching Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Piyush Jani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Goon
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Sterling
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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