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Sekar AP, Nurmala S, Matsuura E, Tan XW, Rahmasari R, Sauriasari R. Estrogen Receptor Is Required for Metformin-Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells Under Hyperglycemic Conditions. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2024; 18:11782234241240173. [PMID: 38779416 PMCID: PMC11110926 DOI: 10.1177/11782234241240173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds About 25% to 30% of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients develop resistance to endocrine therapy. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been shown to cooperate with several growth factors that regulate cellular energy metabolism, including the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Objective As the first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, metformin is widely known to inhibit the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. This study aims to investigate metformin's efficacy in inhibiting endocrine resistance related to genes regulating energy metabolism in both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cell lines under hyperglycemic conditions. Design and methods MDA-MB-361 (ER-positive, HER2-positive) and SKBR3 (ER-negative, HER2-positive) cancer cell lines were used to represent ER status. Cell viability and cell survival rate were measured using the colorimetric assay of Cell Counting Kit-8. All mRNA levels were quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction preceded by reverse transcription. A P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Unlike MDA-MB-361, SKBR3 were found to acquire resistance upon metformin treatment in hyperglycemic conditions. Moreover, the mRNA expression of IGF-1R and its downstream signaling, such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), was not affected by metformin. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression level of ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) was upregulated, whereas forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) was downregulated after metformin treatment in hyperglycemic conditions. Conclusions This preliminary study suggests that an alternative pathway of metformin resistance may exist in the absence of ERα. Therefore, relying solely on metformin may be inadequate to inhibit the aggressiveness of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andisyah Putri Sekar
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Septia Nurmala
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Eiji Matsuura
- Graduate School of Interdiscplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xian Wen Tan
- Collaborative Research Center for Okayama Medical Innovation Center & Department of Cell Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ratika Rahmasari
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Rani Sauriasari
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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2
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Ebrahimnezhad M, Natami M, Bakhtiari GH, Tabnak P, Ebrahimnezhad N, Yousefi B, Majidinia M. FOXO1, a tiny protein with intricate interactions: Promising therapeutic candidate in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115900. [PMID: 37981461 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women globally. Despite the development of extremely efficient targeted agents, lung cancer progression and drug resistance remain serious clinical issues. Increasing knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying progression and drug resistance will enable the development of novel therapeutic methods. It has been revealed that transcription factors (TF) dysregulation, which results in considerable expression modifications of genes, is a generally prevalent phenomenon regarding human malignancies. The forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), a member of the forkhead transcription factor family with crucial roles in cell fate decisions, is suggested to play a pivotal role as a tumor suppressor in a variety of malignancies, especially in lung cancer. FOXO1 is involved in diverse cellular processes and also has clinical significance consisting of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, oxidative stress, cancer prevention, treatment, and chemo/radioresistance. Based on the critical role of FOXO1, this transcription factor appears to be an appropriate target for future drug discovery in lung cancers. This review focused on the signaling pathways, and molecular mechanisms involved in FOXO1 regulation in lung cancer. We also discuss pharmacological compounds that are currently being administered for lung cancer treatment by affecting FOXO1 and also point out the essential role of FOXO1 in drug resistance. Future preclinical research should assess combination drug strategies to stimulate FOXO1 and its upstream regulators as potential strategies to treat resistant or advanced lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahimnezhad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Natami
- Department of Urology,Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Peyman Tabnak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloufar Ebrahimnezhad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Science, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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3
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Xie Y, Kong W, Zhao X, Luo D, Chen S, Zhang HE, Ran Y. Metformin Inhibits the Estrogen-mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Ectopic Endometrial Stromal Cells in Endometriosis. In Vivo 2023; 37:2490-2497. [PMID: 37905623 PMCID: PMC10621412 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease characterized by the ectopic implantation and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has recently been described in endometriosis and was induced by estrogen. Metformin has been shown to inhibit EMT in various diseases, but its role in endometriosis remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected endometrial tissue samples from patients with endometriosis and healthy controls and isolated primary ESCs. We performed gene expression analysis using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset and validated the results by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples. We also assessed the effects of metformin on the proliferation, migration and invasion of ectopic ESCs (EESCs) by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. We analyzed the protein expression of EMT-related markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, twist, and snail) and β-catenin by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found that vimentin was highly expressed in ectopic endometrial tissues compared to normal endometrial tissues. Metformin treatment inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of EESCs in a dose-dependent manner. Metformin treatment also downregulated the expression of EMT-related markers and reduced the expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin in EESCs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that metformin inhibits estrogen-induced EMT and regulates the expression of β-catenin in EESCs. This study provides new insights into the potential therapeutic role of metformin in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Xie
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China;
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuning Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - H E Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuliang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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4
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Licata A, Russo GT, Giandalia A, Cammilleri M, Asero C, Cacciola I. Impact of Sex and Gender on Clinical Management of Patients with Advanced Chronic Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030558. [PMID: 36983739 PMCID: PMC10051396 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical features in chronic liver diseases that may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been increasingly reported in recent years. This sexual dimorphism is due to a complex interaction between sex- and gender-related factors, including biological, hormonal, psychological and socio-cultural variables. However, the impact of sex and gender on the management of T2D subjects with liver disease is still unclear. In this regard, sex-related differences deserve careful consideration in pharmacology, aimed at improving drug safety and optimising medical therapy, both in men and women with T2D; moreover, low adherence to and persistence of long-term drug treatment is more common among women. A better understanding of sex- and gender-related differences in this field would provide an opportunity for a tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the management of T2D subjects with chronic liver disease. In this narrative review, we summarized available data on sex- and gender-related differences in chronic liver disease, including metabolic, autoimmune, alcoholic and virus-related forms and their potential evolution towards cirrhosis and/or hepatocarcinoma in T2D subjects, to support their appropriate and personalized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Licata
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Palermo, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina T Russo
- Internal Medicine and Diabetology Unit, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa Giandalia
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Cammilleri
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Palermo, PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Clelia Asero
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Cacciola
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University Hospital of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98124 Messina, Italy
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5
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Wang Q, Wang Q, Zhao Y. Stanniocalcin 2 is induced by estrogen and promotes growth in endometrial cancer via AMPK pathway. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:111-117. [PMID: 37082998 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-22-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) is identified as a glycosylated peptide hormone and estrogen-responsive gene in cancer cells. STC2 participates in angiogenesis, cell development, cytoprotection, and calcium and phosphate regulation during the development of cancer. The role of STC2 in endometrial cancer (EC) remains unclear. The data from the bioinformatic and immunohistochemical analysis showed that STC2 was upregulated in the EC tissues. The EC cells were treated with 17β-estradiol (E2), and 0.1 μmol/L E2 increased the expression of STC2 in the EC cells. E2 also increased cell viability, promoted proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis of EC. However, the knockdown of STC2 decreased cell viability, reduced proliferation, and promoted apoptosis of E2-stimulated EC. Moreover, silencing of STC2 attenuated E2-induced downregulation of phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the EC cells. The loss of STC2 reduced E2-stimulated tumor growth EC in vivo. In conclusion, STC2 deficiency suppressed E2-stimulated proliferation and tumor growth of EC through the activation of AMPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiqi Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Zhou F, Guan J, Zhou L, Chen B. Action Mechanism of Metformin and Its Application in Hematological Malignancy Treatments: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020250. [PMID: 36830619 PMCID: PMC9953052 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HMs) mainly include acute and chronic leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and other heterogeneous tumors that seriously threaten human life and health. The common effective treatments are radiotherapy, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which have limited options and are prone to tumor recurrence and (or) drug resistance. Metformin is the first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recently, studies identified the potential anti-cancer ability of metformin in both T2DM patients and patients that are non-diabetic. The latest epidemiological and preclinical studies suggested a potential benefit of metformin in the prevention and treatment of patients with HM. The mechanism may involve the activation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway by metformin as well as other AMPK-independent pathways to exert anti-cancer properties. In addition, combining current conventional anti-cancer drugs with metformin may improve the efficacy and reduce adverse drug reactions. Therefore, metformin can also be used as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for HM. This paper highlights the anti-hyperglycemic effects and potential anti-cancer effects of metformin, and also compiles the in vitro and clinical trials of metformin as an anti-cancer and chemosensitizing agent for the treatment of HM. The need for future research on the use of metformin in the treatment of HM is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Baoan Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8327-2006
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7
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Imran M, Sachdeva G, Menon S, Das D, Davuluri S, Acharya K, Chaudhari U. Therapeutic metformin concentrations positively regulate proliferation in endometrial epithelial cells via mTOR activation and augmented mitochondrial strength. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:52-64. [PMID: 36322951 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, has recently been repositioned in the treatment of several nondiabetic disorders, including reproductive disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, where it improves endometrial functions. In vitro studies employing supratherapeutic concentrations (5-20 mmol/L) of metformin have reported antiproliferative effects on endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. However, animal and human studies have revealed that therapeutic serum concentrations of metformin range between 20 and 70 µmol/L. In the present study, the effect of therapeutic concentrations of metformin was studied on endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). Therapeutic concentrations of metformin induced proliferation in Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells. The proliferation of EECs was found to be mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) dependent. Interestingly, therapeutic metformin concentrations were not able to activate the classical AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. On the contrary, supratherapeutic metformin concentration (10 mmol/L) inhibited mTOR and activated AMPK signaling. Microarray analysis of metformin-treated HEC-1A cells revealed dose-dependent differential effects on biological pathways associated with translation, ribosomal RNA processing, mitochondrial translation, and cell proliferation. Therapeutic concentrations of metformin upregulated mitochondrial number as demonstrated by increased MitoTracker™ Red staining and enhanced succinate dehydrogenase expression; however, higher concentration (10 mmol/L) abrogated the same. Our results suggest that therapeutic concentrations of metformin augment mitochondrial strength and induce mTOR-dependent endometrial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Imran
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shyla Menon
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dhanjit Das
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Kshitish Acharya
- Shodhaka Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Uddhav Chaudhari
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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8
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Jiang Y, Cong X, Jiang S, Dong Y, Zhao L, Zang Y, Tan M, Li J. Phosphoproteomics Reveals the AMPK Substrate Network in Response to DNA Damage and Histone Acetylation. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:597-613. [PMID: 33607295 PMCID: PMC9880816 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved energy sensor that plays roles in diverse biological processes via phosphorylating various substrates. Emerging studies have demonstrated the regulatory roles of AMPK in DNA repair, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Herein, using mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies, we systematically investigate the regulatory network of AMPK in DNA damage response (DDR). Our system-wide phosphoproteome study uncovers a variety of newly-identified potential substrates involved in diverse biological processes, whereas our system-wide histone modification analysis reveals a link between AMPK and histone acetylation. Together with these findings, we discover that AMPK promotes apoptosis by phosphorylating apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2 (ASPP2) in an irradiation (IR)-dependent manner and regulates histone acetylation by phosphorylating histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) in an IR-independent manner. Besides, we reveal that disrupting the histone acetylation by the bromodomain BRD4 inhibitor JQ-1 enhances the sensitivity of AMPK-deficient cells to IR. Therefore, our study has provided a resource to investigate the interplay between phosphorylation and histone acetylation underlying the regulatory network of AMPK, which could be beneficial to understand the exact role of AMPK in DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejing Jiang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoji Cong
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shangwen Jiang
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Dong
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Zang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Minjia Tan
- Chemical Proteomics Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China,Corresponding authors.
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9
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Wang Q, Xi Y, Chen B, Zhao H, Yu W, Xie D, Liu W, He F, Xu C, Cheng J. Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Products Deficiency Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity by Inhibiting Apoptosis, Inflammation and Restoring Fatty Acid Oxidation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907133. [PMID: 35712715 PMCID: PMC9196246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used and potent anti-neoplastic agent, but severe and inescapable side effects in multiple normal tissues and organs limit its application, especially nephrotoxicity. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin nephrotoxicity involve mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, apoptosis, necroptosis, etc. Receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand pattern recognition receptor, engaged in inflammatory signaling and mitochondrial homeostasis. Whether inhibition of RAGE alleviates cisplatin-induced nephropathy has not been investigated. Here, we revealed that RAGE deficiency attenuates cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity, as evidenced by reduced apoptosis, inflammation, lipid accumulation, restored mitochondrial homeostasis and fatty acid oxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). In vitro studies showed that, the RAGE-specific inhibitor FPS-ZM1 attenuated the cisplatin-induced decrease of cell viability and fatty acid oxidation in the normal rat renal TEC line NRK-52E cells. Taken together, RAGE knockout mitigated cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, and restoring fatty acid oxidation in TECs, suggesting that RAGE inhibition could be a therapeutic option for cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuemei Xi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
| | - Binyang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
| | - Hairong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
| | - De Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
| | - Furong He
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
| | - Chenxi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Nucleic Acid Metabolism and Regulation, Xiamen, China
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10
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Yu Y, Feng C, Kuang J, Guo L, Guan H. Metformin exerts an antitumoral effect on papillary thyroid cancer cells through altered cell energy metabolism and sensitized by BACH1 depletion. Endocrine 2022; 76:116-131. [PMID: 35050486 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant cell energy metabolism is one of the features of thyroid carcinogenesis. Metformin may reduce the risk of cancer, and BACH1 was reported to affect the sensitivity of cancer cells to metformin. The aims of this study were to investigate whether metformin exerts antitumor effects in PTC cells and explore the role of BACH1 depletion on the sensitivity of PTC cells to metformin. METHODS The viability and proliferation of PTC cell lines were analyzed with MTT and colony forming assay. Energy utilization and mitochondrial respiration were measured using Seahorse XF instruments and Mitochondrial complex-1 activity assay. RESULTS Our results showed the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of metformin in PTC cells. Furthermore, metformin changed the pattern of cell energy metabolism in PTC cells, which manifested as inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, and the combination of BACH1 depletion with metformin magnified the effect of metformin alone. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, metformin exerts an antitumoral effect on PTC cells both in vitro and in xenograft mouse models. A possible mechanism is through inhibiting glucose metabolism and mitochondrial respiration process. Knocking down BACH1 caused the switching of energy metabolism and sensitized PTC cells to metformin, which eventually enhanced the anti-tumor effect of metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China.
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11
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Ilias I, Rizzo M, Zabuliene L. Metformin: Sex/Gender Differences in Its Uses and Effects—Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030430. [PMID: 35334606 PMCID: PMC8952223 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MTF) occupies a major and fundamental position in the therapeutic management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Gender differences in some effects and actions of MTF have been reported. Women are usually prescribed lower MTF doses compared to men and report more gastrointestinal side effects. The incidence of cardiovascular events in women on MTF has been found to be lower to that of men on MTF. Despite some promising results with MTF regarding pregnancy rates in women with PCOS, the management of gestational diabetes, cancer prevention or adjunctive cancer treatment and COVID-19, most robust meta-analyses have yet to confirm such beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ilias
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Elena Venizelou Hospital, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: e-mail:
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (Promise), School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 141, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Lina Zabuliene
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio St. 21/27, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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12
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Buczyńska A, Sidorkiewicz I, Krętowski AJ, Zbucka-Krętowska M, Adamska A. Metformin Intervention—A Panacea for Cancer Treatment? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051336. [PMID: 35267644 PMCID: PMC8909770 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of action and the individual influence of various metabolic pathways related to metformin intervention are under current investigation. The available data suggest that metformin provides many advantages, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, otoprotective, radioprotective, and radio-sensitizing properties depending on cellular context. This literature review was undertaken to provide novel evidence concerning metformin intervention, with a particular emphasis on cancer treatment and prevention. Undoubtedly, the pleiotropic actions associated with metformin include inhibiting inflammatory processes, increasing antioxidant capacity, and improving glycemic and lipid metabolism. Consequently, these characteristics make metformin an attractive medicament to translate to human trials, the promising results of which were also summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (I.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.A.); Tel.: +48-85-746-8513 (A.B.); +48-85-746-8660 (A.A.)
| | - Iwona Sidorkiewicz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (I.S.); (A.J.K.)
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (I.S.); (A.J.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monika Zbucka-Krętowska
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Adolescent Gynecology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (A.A.); Tel.: +48-85-746-8513 (A.B.); +48-85-746-8660 (A.A.)
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13
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PPARα agonist fenofibrate relieves acquired resistance to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer by promoting apoptosis via PPARα/AMPK/AKT/FoxO1 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:167-176. [PMID: 33772142 PMCID: PMC8724268 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that intracellular accumulation of cholesterol leads to acquired resistance to gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In this study we investigated how to regulate the cholesterol levels in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cells. We showed that intracellular cholesterol levels in gefitinib-resistant cell lines (PC-9/GR, H1975, H1650, and A549) were significantly higher than that in gefitinib-sensitive cell line (PC-9). Treatment with gefitinib (5 μM) significantly increased intracellular cholesterol levels in PC-9/GR, H1975, and H1650 cells. Gefitinib treatment downregulated the expression of PPARα, LXRα, and ABCA1, leading to dysregulation of cholesterol efflux pathway. We found that a lipid-lowering drug fenofibrate (20, 40 μM) dose-dependently increased the expression of PPARα, LXRα, and ABCA1, decreased the intracellular cholesterol levels, and enhanced the antiproliferative effects of gefitinib in PC-9/GR, H1975, and H1650 cells. We revealed that fenofibrate increased the gefitinib-induced apoptosis via regulating the key proteins involved in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In PC-9/GR, H1975 and H1650 cells, fenofibrate dose-dependently increased the expression of AMPK, FoxO1, and decreased the expression of AKT, which were remarkably weakened by knockdown of PPARα. In PC-9/GR cell xenograft mice, combined administration of gefitinib (25 mg · kg-1 · d-1) and fenofibrate (100 mg · kg-1 · d-1) caused remarkable inhibition on tumor growth as compared to treatment with either drug alone. All the results suggest that fenofibrate relieves acquired resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC by promoting apoptosis via regulating PPARα/AMPK/AKT/FoxO1 pathway. We propose that combination of gefitinib and fenofibrate is a potential strategy for overcoming the gefitinib resistance in NSCLC.
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14
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Barczyński B, Frąszczak K, Kotarski J. Perspectives of metformin use in endometrial cancer and other gynaecological malignancies. J Drug Target 2021; 30:359-367. [PMID: 34753372 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.2005072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play a key role in type 1 endometrial cancer pathogenesis. Most of these cancers develop on a background of overweight or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the medications widely used in the treatment of T2DM is biguanide derivative, metformin, which exerts promising anticancer properties principally through activation of adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Many epidemiological studies on diabetic patients show potential preventative role of metformin in endometrial cancer patients, but data regarding its therapeutic role is still limited. So far, most of attention has been paid to the concept of metformin use in fertility sparing treatment of early-stage cancer. Another investigated alternative is its application in patients with primary advanced or recurrent disease. In this review we present the latest data on clinical use of metformin in endometrial cancer patients and potential underlying mechanisms of its activity. Finally, we present some most important clinical information regarding metformin efficacy in other gynaecological malignancies, mainly breast and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Barczyński
- Ist Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Frąszczak
- Ist Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- Ist Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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15
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Yan Y, Liu C, Zhang J, Li W, Yin X, Dong L, Pang S, Li X. SMC4 knockdown inhibits malignant biological behaviors of endometrial cancer cells by regulation of FoxO1 activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 712:109026. [PMID: 34506757 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosomes 4 (SMC4) has an important role in chromosome condensation and segregation, which is involved in regulating multiple tumor development. However, the role of SMC4 in endometrial cancer is uncertain. The expression and prognostic value of SMC4 were predicted by UALCAN, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), The Human Protein Atlas and Kaplan Meier plotter tools. SMC4-related genes were analyzed by LinkedOmics, Gene Ontology (GO) annotations, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) activity was suppressed by AS1842856 (AS). SMC4, Ki67, B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), FoxO1, phosphorylated FoxO1 (p-FoxO1), and p27 protein levels were detected by Western blotting. Cell proliferation was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) analyses. Cell apoptosis was measured using TUNEL analysis. SMC4 abundance was increased in endometrial cancer, and predicted a worse overall survival. SMC4 knockdown repressed proliferative ability of endometrial cancer cells and promoted cell apoptosis. SMC4 knockdown promoted FoxO1 transactivation by decreasing its phosphorylated level. Addition of AS inhibited FoxO1 activity by increasing the phosphorylated level of FoxO1. The inhibition of FoxO1 activity reversed the effect of SMC4 silencing on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In conclusion, SMC4 silencing restrained cell proliferation and facilitated apoptosis in endometrial cancer via regulating FoxO1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China.
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Clinical Department, Qinhuangdao Mental Health Center, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Xiurong Yin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Lixia Dong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Shulan Pang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Ultrasonics, Maternal and Child Care Center of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
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16
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Misirkic Marjanovic MS, Vucicevic LM, Despotovic AR, Stamenkovic MM, Janjetovic KD. Dual anticancer role of metformin: an old drug regulating AMPK dependent/independent pathways in metabolic, oncogenic/tumorsuppresing and immunity context. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5625-5643. [PMID: 34873484 PMCID: PMC8640802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been known to treat type 2 diabetes for decades and is widely prescribed antidiabetic drug. Recently, its anticancer potential has also been discovered. Moreover, metformin has low cost thus it has attained profound research interest. Comprehensing the complexity of the molecular regulatory networks in cancer provides a mode for advancement of research in cancer development and treatment. Metformin targets many pathways that play an important role in cancer cell survival outcome. Here, we described anticancer activity of metformin on the AMPK dependent/independent mechanisms regulating metabolism, oncogene/tumor suppressor signaling pathways together with the issue of clinical studies. We also provided brief overwiev about recently described metformin's role in cancer immunity. Insight in these complex molecular networks, will simplify application of metformin in clinical trials and contribute to improvement of anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja S Misirkic Marjanovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of BelgradeSerbia
| | - Ljubica M Vucicevic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of BelgradeSerbia
| | - Ana R Despotovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of BelgradeSerbia
| | - Marina M Stamenkovic
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BelgradeSerbia
| | - Kristina D Janjetovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of BelgradeSerbia
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17
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Wang H, Ma Z, Gao F, Jiang W, Li Y, Li S. Effects of Forkhead box O1 on lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:848. [PMID: 34733366 PMCID: PMC8561622 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection and chronic inflammation play important roles in the development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is a notable regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, which is involved in the occurrence and development of tumors. The present study explored the effects of FOXO1 in human cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells. The expression of FOXO1 was examined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. SiHa cell migration and proliferation were detected using Transwell and 3H-TdR assays. Mitochondrial functions were assessed based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The present study revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation significantly inhibited the expression of FOXO1 in cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells; while silencing FOXO1 resulted in the accumulation of mitochondrial ROS, a decrease in the ΔΨm and abnormal morphology of mitochondria. Accordingly, enhancing FOXO1 expression or treatment with metformin, which protects mitochondrial function, reversed LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, cell pyroptosis, migration and proliferation of cervical squamous carcinoma SiHa cells. Overall, the current study indicated that treatment with FOXO1 could potentially be used as therapeutic strategy to prevent LPS-induced cervical squamous cell carcinoma-related dysfunction in a mitochondria-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Fanshu Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
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18
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Mathur A, Pandey VK, Khan MF, Kakkar P. PHLPP1/Nrf2-Mdm2 axis induces renal apoptosis via influencing nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of FoxO1 during diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3681-3699. [PMID: 34057658 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Impaired PI3K/Akt signaling (insulin resistance) and poor glycemic control (hyperglycemia) are the major risk factors involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study was designed to identify factors influencing cell survival during DN. We found that high glucose exposure in renal proximal tubular cells (NRK52E) upregulated PHLPP1, an Akt phosphatase (Ser473), causing suppression in Akt and IGF1β phosphorylation leading to inhibition in insulin signaling pathway. Results demonstrate that sustained activation of PHLPP1 promoted nuclear retention of FoxO1 by preventing its ubiquitination via Mdm2, an Akt/ Nrf2-dependent E3 ligase. Thus, enhanced FoxO1 nuclear stability caused aberration in renal gluconeogenesis and activated apoptotic cascade. Conversely, gene silencing of PHLPP1-enhanced Nrf2 expression and attenuated FoxO1 regulated apoptosis compared to hyperglycemic cells. Mechanistic aspects of PHLPP1-Nrf2/FoxO1 signaling were further validated in STZ-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. Importantly, we observed via immunoblotting and dual immunocytochemical studies that treatment of Morin (2',3,4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone) during diabetes significantly augmented FoxO1 nuclear exclusion, resulting in its ubiquitination via Akt-Nrf2/Mdm2 pathway. Furthermore, lowering of PHLPP1 expression by Morin also prevented FoxO1/Mst1-mediated apoptotic signaling in vitro and in vivo. Morin treatment under the experimental conditions, effectively decreased blood glucose levels, ameliorated insulin resistance, alleviated oxidative stress and attenuated renal apoptosis in diabetic rats comparable to metformin thereby exhibiting tremendous potential against renal complications of diabetes. These novel results further acclaim that inhibition of PHLPP1/FoxO1-Mdm2 axis is critical in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Pandey
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Fareed Khan
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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19
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Zhang X, Jiang L, Liu H. Forkhead Box Protein O1: Functional Diversity and Post-Translational Modification, a New Therapeutic Target? DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1851-1860. [PMID: 33976536 PMCID: PMC8106445 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s305016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein O1 (FoXO1) is a transcription factor involved in the regulation of a wide variety of physiological process including glucose metabolism, lipogenesis, bone mass, apoptosis, and autophagy. FoXO1 dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases including metabolic diseases, atherosclerosis, and tumors. FoXO1 activity is regulated in response to different physiological or pathogenic conditions by changes in protein expression and post-translational modifications. Various modifications cooperate to regulate FoXO1 activity and FoXO1 target gene transcription. In this review, we summarize how different post-translational modifications regulate FoXO1 physiological function, which may provide new insights for drug design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lusheng Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Blood Purification Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People's Republic of China
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20
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Conza D, Mirra P, Calì G, Insabato L, Fiory F, Beguinot F, Ulianich L. Metformin Dysregulates the Unfolded Protein Response and the WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Endometrial Cancer Cells through an AMPK-Independent Mechanism. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051067. [PMID: 33946426 PMCID: PMC8147131 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence suggest that metformin, an antidiabetic drug, exerts anti-tumorigenic effects in different types of cancer. Metformin has been reported to affect cancer cells' metabolism and proliferation mainly through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Here, we show that metformin inhibits, indeed, endometrial cancer cells' growth and induces apoptosis. More importantly, we report that metformin affects two important pro-survival pathways, such as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), following endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the WNT/β-catenin pathway. GRP78, a key protein in the pro-survival arm of the UPR, was indeed downregulated, while GADD153/CHOP, a transcription factor that mediates the pro-apoptotic response of the UPR, was upregulated at both the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, metformin dramatically inhibited β-catenin mRNA and protein expression. This was paralleled by a reduction in β-catenin transcriptional activity, since metformin inhibited the activity of a TCF/LEF-luciferase promoter. Intriguingly, compound C, a well-known inhibitor of AMPK, was unable to prevent all these effects, suggesting that metformin might inhibit endometrial cancer cells' growth and survival through the modulation of specific branches of the UPR and the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in an AMPK-independent manner. Our findings may provide new insights on the mechanisms of action of metformin and refine the use of this drug in the treatment of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Conza
- Department of Medical and Translational Sciences & Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology of CNR, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (P.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Paola Mirra
- Department of Medical and Translational Sciences & Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology of CNR, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (P.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Gaetano Calì
- Institute of Endocrinology and Molecular Oncology of CNR, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesca Fiory
- Department of Medical and Translational Sciences & Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology of CNR, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (P.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Medical and Translational Sciences & Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology of CNR, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (P.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Luca Ulianich
- Department of Medical and Translational Sciences & Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology of CNR, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.C.); (P.M.); (F.F.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7463248
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21
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Kamboj P, Bishnoi A, Handa S, Dutta P, Nahar Saikia U, Pal A, De D. Effects of metformin on experimentally induced acne on rabbit ear. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:966-972. [PMID: 33847400 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for the effectiveness of metformin in the treatment of acne is limited. To assess its efficacy, comedones were experimentally induced in young New Zealand rabbit ear using Isopropyl Myristate (IM) followed by metformin treatment (30 mg/kg bodyweight) for 60 days with continued IM application. In another group, to check whether metformin pre-treatment affects subsequent comedone development by IM, metformin was given for 14 days and then withdrawn (14 days) followed by comedone development with IM and metformin treatment. At different time points, dermatoscopic images of rabbit ear were taken for clinical assessment. Blood and biopsy samples were taken for hormonal assessment, histological examination and gene expression. Histologically confirmed acne model was developed in rabbit ear. Follicular size increased significantly (p = 0.0004 in both groups) upon IM application. Metformin significantly decreased comedones size as observed in dermatoscopic (p = 0.0003 in group I, p = 0.0190 in group II) and histological examination (p = 0.0313 in group I and II). However, size of comedones developed after metformin pretreatment was significantly (p < 0.0001) smaller. The lipid content of sebaceous glands decreased with metformin without any significant changes in the assessed hormones and genetic expression. Overall, metformin was found to be clinically effective in experimentally induced acne and can be used in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Kamboj
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anuradha Bishnoi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjeev Handa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pinaki Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Uma Nahar Saikia
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arnab Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipankar De
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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22
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Yang X, Huang M, Zhang Q, Chen J, Li J, Han Q, Zhang L, Li J, Liu S, Ma Y, Li L, Yang L, Zou S, Han B. Metformin Antagonizes Ovarian Cancer Cells Malignancy Through MSLN Mediated IL-6/STAT3 Signaling. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211027819. [PMID: 34238029 PMCID: PMC8274104 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211027819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and chemotherapy remains the cornerstone for ovarian cancer management. Due to the unsatisfactory prognosis, a better understanding of the underlying molecular carcinogenesis is urgently required. METHODS Assays for determining cell growth, cell motility, and apoptosis were employed to evaluate the potential antitumor effects of metformin against ovarian cancer cells. Molecular biological methods were employed to explore the underlying mechanism. Human ovarian cancer samples and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) dataset were used for uncovering the clinical significances of mesothelin (MSLN) on ovarian cancer. RESULTS In the present work, we found that metformin treatment led to cell growth and cell migration inhibition, and induced cell apoptosis. Metformin administration also impaired cancer cell stemness and the capillary-like structure formation capacity of SKOV3 cells. On mechanism, metformin treatment remarkably reduced mesothelin (MSLN) expression, downregulated IL-6/STAT3 signaling activity, subsequently resulted in VEGF and TGFβ1 expression. We also observed an oncogenic function of MSLN on ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggested that metformin exerts anticancer effects by suppressing ovarian cancer cell malignancy, which attributed to MSLN inhibition mediated IL6/STAT3 signaling and VEGF and TGFβ1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - JiaQi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuLan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - SiYing Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Endometrial Cancer as a Metabolic Disease with Dysregulated PI3K Signaling: Shedding Light on Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176073. [PMID: 32842547 PMCID: PMC7504460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignancies of the female reproductive organs. The most characteristic feature of EC is the frequent association with metabolic disorders. However, the components of these disorders that are involved in carcinogenesis remain unclear. Accumulating epidemiological studies have clearly revealed that hyperinsulinemia, which accompanies these disorders, plays central roles in the development of EC via the insulin-phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway as a metabolic driver. Recent comprehensive genomic analyses showed that over 90% of ECs have genomic alterations in this pathway, resulting in enhanced insulin signaling and production of optimal tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Targeting PI3K signaling is therefore an attractive treatment strategy. Several clinical trials for recurrent or advanced ECs have been attempted using PI3K-serine/threonine kinase (AKT) inhibitors. However, these agents exhibited far lower efficacy than expected, possibly due to activation of alternative pathways that compensate for the PIK3-AKT pathway and allow tumor growth, or due to adaptive mechanisms including the insulin feedback pathway that limits the efficacy of agents. Overcoming these responses with careful management of insulin levels is key to successful treatment. Further interest in specific TMEs via the insulin PI3K-pathway in obese women will provide insight into not only novel therapeutic strategies but also preventive strategies against EC.
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Sun C, Huang Y, Zhang J, Wang Q. Clinical relevance of ARF/ARL family genes and oncogenic function of ARL4C in endometrial cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:110000. [PMID: 32070877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)/ARF-like protein (ARL) family regulate malignant phenotype of cancer cells. The present study aims to investigate the clinical relevance of ARF/ARL family members in endometrial cancer. We report that several ARF/ARL family genes serve as prognostic biomarkers for endometrial cancer. Through a combination of TCGA database and immunohistochemistry analysis, we revealed that ARL4C, a member of ARL family, was overexpressed in endometrial cancer and might function as an oncogene in endometrial carcinogenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and functional studies demonstrated that cell cycle and cell adhesion pathways were the potential mechanism of ARL4C in promoting endometrial cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, we also observed the involvement of ARL4C in metformin-inhibited cellular proliferation of endometrial cancer. Collectively, knowledge of the expression and function of ARF/ARL family genes could provide a potential therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinyi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Hospital of Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qingying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Ren H, Shao Y, Wu C, Ma X, Lv C, Wang Q. Metformin alleviates oxidative stress and enhances autophagy in diabetic kidney disease via AMPK/SIRT1-FoxO1 pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 500:110628. [PMID: 31647955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, as the basic pharmacological therapy and the first preventive drug in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is proved to have potential protection in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here, we established a diabetic rat model induced by high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin, and high glucose cultured rat mesangial cells (RMCs) pre-treated with metformin or transfected with AMPK, SIRT1 and FoxO1 small interfering RNA, and detected oxidative stress and autophagy related factors to explore the molecular mechanisms of metformin on DKD via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (sirtuin-1, SIRT1)-Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) pathway. We found that metformin effectively alleviated the disorders of glycolipid metabolism, renal function injury in diabetic rats, and relieved oxidative stress, enhanced autophagy and slowed down abnormal cell proliferation in high glucose cultured RMCs through AMPK/SIRT1-FoxO1 pathway, indicating the protective role of metformin against the pathological process of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Can Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- The Cadre Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chuan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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26
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Xu Q, Ge Q, Zhou Y, Yang B, Yang Q, Jiang S, Jiang R, Ai Z, Zhang Z, Teng Y. MELK promotes Endometrial carcinoma progression via activating mTOR signaling pathway. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102609. [PMID: 31915116 PMCID: PMC7000338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.102609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies among women. Maternal embryonic leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) is upregulated in a variety of human tumors, where it contributes to malignant phenotype and correlates with a poor prognosis. However, the biological function of MELK in EC progression remains largely unknown. Methods We explored the MELK expression in EC using TCGA and GEO databases and verified it using clinical samples by IHC methods. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, cell cycle assay, wound healing assay and subcutaneous xenograft mouse model were generated to estimate the functions of MELK and its inhibitor OTSSP167. qRT-PCR, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay were performed to uncover the underlying mechanism concerning MELK during the progression of EC. Findings MELK was significantly elevated in patients with EC, and high expression of MELK was associated with serous EC, high histological grade, advanced clinical stage and reduced overall survival and disease-free survival. MELK knockdown decreased the ability of cell proliferation and migration in vitro and subcutaneous tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, high expression of MELK could be regulated by transcription factor E2F1. Moreover, we found that MELK had a direct interaction with MLST8 and then activated mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathway for EC progression. Furthermore, OTSSP167, an effective inhibitor, could inhibit cell proliferation driven by MELK in vivo and vitro assays. Interpretation We have explored the crucial role of the E2F1/MELK/mTORC1/2 axis in the progression of EC, which could be served as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of EC. Funding This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No:81672565), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (Grant NO:17ZR1421400 to Dr. Zhihong Ai) and the fundamental research funds for central universities (No: 22120180595).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyang Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Qiulin Ge
- Centre of assisted reproduction, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Bikang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shuheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Rongzhen Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Zhihong Ai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Yincheng Teng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China.
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27
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Kohno T, Konno T, Kojima T. Role of Tricellular Tight Junction Protein Lipolysis-Stimulated Lipoprotein Receptor (LSR) in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3555. [PMID: 31330820 PMCID: PMC6679224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a robust epithelial barrier requires the accumulation of tight junction proteins, LSR/angulin-1 and tricellulin, at the tricellular contacts. Alterations in the localization of these proteins temporarily cause epithelial barrier dysfunction, which is closely associated with not only physiological differentiation but also cancer progression and metastasis. In normal human endometrial tissues, the endometrial cells undergo repeated proliferation and differentiation under physiological conditions. Recent observations have revealed that the localization and expression of LSR/angulin-1 and tricellulin are altered in a menstrual cycle-dependent manner. Moreover, it has been shown that endometrial cancer progression affects these alterations. This review highlights the differences in the localization and expression of tight junction proteins in normal endometrial cells and endometrial cancers and how they cause functional changes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kohno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
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28
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Saline M, Badertscher L, Wolter M, Lau R, Gunnarsson A, Jacso T, Norris T, Ottmann C, Snijder A. AMPK and AKT protein kinases hierarchically phosphorylate the N-terminus of the FOXO1 transcription factor, modulating interactions with 14-3-3 proteins. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:13106-13116. [PMID: 31308176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) is a transcription factor involved in various cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, development, stress resistance, and tumor suppression. FOXO1's transcriptional activity is controlled by different environmental cues through a myriad of posttranslational modifications. In response to growth factors, the serine/threonine kinase AKT phosphorylates Thr24 and Ser256 in FOXO1 to stimulate binding of 14-3-3 proteins, causing FOXO1 inactivation. In contrast, low nutrient and energy levels induce FOXO1 activity. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, partly mediates this effect through phosphorylation of Ser383 and Thr649 in FOXO1. In this study, we identified Ser22 as an additional AMPK phosphorylation site in FOXO1's N terminus, with Ser22 phosphorylation preventing binding of 14-3-3 proteins. The crystal structure of a FOXO1 peptide in complex with 14-3-3 σ at 2.3 Å resolution revealed that this is a consequence of both steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion. Furthermore, we found that AMPK-mediated Ser22 phosphorylation impairs Thr24 phosphorylation by AKT in a hierarchical manner. Thus, numerous mechanisms maintain FOXO1 activity via AMPK signaling. AMPK-mediated Ser22 phosphorylation directly and indirectly averts binding of 14-3-3 proteins, whereas phosphorylation of Ser383 and Thr649 complementarily stimulates FOXO1 activity. Our results shed light on a mechanism that integrates inputs from both AMPK and AKT signaling pathways in a small motif to fine-tune FOXO1 transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Saline
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lukas Badertscher
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madita Wolter
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roxanne Lau
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomas Jacso
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tyrrell Norris
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Snijder
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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29
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Inoguchi Y, Ichiyanagi K, Ohishi H, Maeda Y, Sonoda N, Ogawa Y, Inoguchi T, Sasaki H. Poorly controlled diabetes during pregnancy and lactation activates the Foxo1 pathway and causes glucose intolerance in adult offspring. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10181. [PMID: 31308441 PMCID: PMC6629688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to maternal diabetes during pregnancy results in diabetes in offspring, but its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated the phenotype and molecular defects of the offspring of poorly controlled diabetic female mice generated by streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Offspring was exposed to maternal diabetes during pregnancy and lactation. The body weight of STZ offspring was lower than that of control offspring at birth and in adulthood, and glucose tolerance was impaired in adult STZ offspring. Interestingly, the phenotype was more pronounced in male offspring. We next investigated the morphology of islets and expression of β cell-related genes, but no significant changes were observed. However, transcriptome analysis of the liver revealed activation of the fork head box protein O1 (Foxo1) pathway in STZ male offspring. Notably, two key gluconeogenesis enzyme genes, glucose 6 phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6pc) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck1), were upregulated. Consistent with this finding, phosphorylation of Foxo1 was decreased in the liver of STZ male offspring. These changes were not obvious in female offspring. The activation of Foxo1 and gluconeogenesis in the liver may have contributed to the impaired glucose tolerance of STZ male offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Inoguchi
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. .,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kenji Ichiyanagi
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Laboratory of Genome and Epigenome Dynamics, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohishi
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Maeda
- Clinical Research Center for Diabetes, Clinic Masae Minami, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sonoda
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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30
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Metformin Enhances Nomegestrol Acetate Suppressing Growth of Endometrial Cancer Cells and May Correlate to Downregulating mTOR Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133308. [PMID: 31284427 PMCID: PMC6650946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a novel progestin and its combination with metformin on the growth of endometrial cancer (EC) cells. Inhibitory effects of four progestins, including nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC), medroxyprogesterone acetate, levonorgestrel, and cyproterone acetate, were evaluated in RL95-2, HEC-1A, and KLE cells using cell counting kit-8 assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. The activity of Akt (protein kinase B), mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) and its downstream substrates 4EBP1 (4E-binding protein 1) and eIF4G (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G) were assayed by Western blotting. Nude mice were used to assess antitumor effects in vivo. NOMAC inhibited the growth of RL95-2 and HEC-1A cells, accompanied by arresting the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, inducing apoptosis, and markedly down-regulating the level of phosphorylated mTOR/4EBP1/eIF4G in both cell lines (p < 0.05). Metformin significantly increased the inhibitory effect of and apoptosis induced by NOMAC and strengthened the depressive effect of NOMAC on activity of mTOR and its downstream substrates, compared to their treatment alone (p < 0.05). In xenograft tumor tissues, metformin (100 mg/kg) enhanced the suppressive effect of NOMAC (100 mg/kg) on mTOR signaling and increased the average concentration of NOMAC by nearly 1.6 times compared to NOMAC treatment alone. Taken together, NOMAC suppressing the growth of EC cells likely correlates to down-regulating the activity of the mTOR pathway and metformin could strengthen this effect. Our findings open a new window for the selection of progestins in hormone therapy of EC.
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31
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Li Y, Yang P, Zhao L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zeng S, Wei L, Varghese Z, Moorhead JF, Chen Y, Ruan XZ. CD36 plays a negative role in the regulation of lipophagy in hepatocytes through an AMPK-dependent pathway. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:844-855. [PMID: 30662007 PMCID: PMC6446711 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m090969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid translocase cluster of differentiation (CD36) is a multifunctional membrane protein that facilitates the uptake of long-chain fatty acids. Lipophagy is autophagic degradation of lipid droplets. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD36 is involved in the regulation of intracellular signal transduction that modulates fatty acid storage or usage. However, little is known about the relationship between CD36 and lipophagy. In this study, we found that increased CD36 expression was coupled with decreased autophagy in the livers of mice treated with a high-fat diet. Overexpressing CD36 in HepG2 and Huh7 cells inhibited autophagy, while knocking down CD36 expression induced autophagy due to the increased autophagosome formation in autophagic flux. Meanwhile, knockout of CD36 in mice increased autophagy, while the reconstruction of CD36 expression in CD36-knockout mice reduced autophagy. CD36 knockdown in HepG2 cells increased lipophagy and β-oxidation, which contributed to improving lipid accumulation. In addition, CD36 expression regulated autophagy through the AMPK pathway, with phosphorylation of ULK1/Beclin1 also involved in the process. These findings suggest that CD36 is a negative regulator of autophagy, and the induction of lipophagy by ameliorating CD36 expression can be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of fatty liver diseases through attenuating lipid overaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Zeng
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Zac Varghese
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - John F Moorhead
- John Moorhead Research Laboratory Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiong Z Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; John Moorhead Research Laboratory Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China.
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32
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Hui GD, Xiu WY, Yong C, Yuan CB, Jun Z, Jun GJ, Jun YJ, Xiang XX, Wei HS, Feng ML. AMP-activated protein kinase α1 serves a carcinogenic role via regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4329-4334. [PMID: 30988808 PMCID: PMC6447888 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPK α1) is involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types. However, the role of AMPK α1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. In the present study, 99 NSCLC tumor tissues and paired normal tissues were obtained. The expression levels of AMPK α1 were significantly upregulated in NSCLC tumor tissues compared with those in adjacent non-tumor lung tissues. The patients were further divided into two groups according to their expression levels of AMPK α1 in tumor tissues. The results outlined that overexpression of AMPK α1 was associated with poor prognosis. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels were associated with malignant progression in patients with NSCLC. Patients with NSCLC that overexpressed AMPK α1 and VEGF had the worst outcomes. Moreover, AMPK α1 may positively regulate VEGF expression. These results suggest that AMPK α1 serves a carcinogenic role at least in part through the regulation of VEGF expression, and thus represents a potential treatment target in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Dao Hui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Wang Yu Xiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Chi Bei Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Zhang Jun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Gu Jian Jun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jun Jun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Xing Xiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Hu Su Wei
- Medical Genetic Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medicial School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Min Ling Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
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Cai H, Chen S, Liu J, He Y. An attempt to reverse cardiac lipotoxicity by aerobic interval training in a high-fat diet- and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes rat model. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:43. [PMID: 31249632 PMCID: PMC6567651 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Aerobic interval training (AIT) has been recommended to patients as a non-pharmacological strategy to manage DM. However, little is known about whether AIT intervention at the onset of DM will reverse the process of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study, we sought to evaluate whether AIT can reverse the process of DCM and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (CON), DCM group (DCM) and AIT intervention group (AIT). A high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) were used to induce diabetes in rats in the DCM group and AIT group. Rats in the AIT group were subjected to an 8-week AIT intervention. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles and insulin levels were measured. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and oil red O staining were used to identify cardiac morphology and lipid accumulation, respectively. Serum BNP levels and cardiac BNP mRNA expression were measured to ensure the safety of the AIT intervention. Free fatty acid (FFA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) concentrations were analysed by enzymatic methods. AMPK, p-AMPK, FOXO1, CD36 and PPARα gene and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS AIT intervention significantly reduced rat serum cardiovascular disease risk factors in DCM rats (P < 0.05). The safety of AIT intervention was illustrated by reduced serum BNP levels and cardiac BNP mRNA expression (P < 0.05) after AIT intervention in DCM rats histological analysis and FFA and DAG concentrations revealed that AIT intervention reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets within cardiomyocytes and alleviated cardiac lipotoxicity (P < 0.05). CD36 and PPARα gene and protein expression were elevated in the DCM group, and these increases were reduced by AIT intervention (P < 0.01). The normalized myocardial lipotoxicity was due to increased expression of phosphorylated AMPK and reduced FOXO1 expression after AIT intervention. CONCLUSION AIT intervention may alleviate cardiac lipotoxicity and reverse the process of DCM through activation of the AMPK-FOXO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cai
- Institute of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingqin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, NO. 1 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, China
| | - Yuxiu He
- Institute of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Shi R, Xu Z, Xu X, Jin J, Zhao Y, Wang T, Li Y, Ma Y. Organic cation transporter and multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 co-mediated interaction between metformin and berberine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 127:282-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Chen X, Luo X, Cheng Y. Trifluoperazine prevents FOXO1 nuclear excretion and reverses doxorubicin-resistance in the SHG44/DOX drug-resistant glioma cell line. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3300-3308. [PMID: 30272254 PMCID: PMC6202074 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As a tumor suppressor, Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) is located in the nucleus where it regulates gene expression and inhibits tumor progression. However, the antitumor effects of FOXO1 are attenuated in several tumors due to its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Trifluoperazine (TFP) is able to reverse tumor drug resistance by inhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR), however, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which this occurs remain to be fully elucidated. In the present study, the doxorubicin (DOX)‑resistant SHG44/DOX glioma cell line was established. The results showed that TFP promoted DOX‑induced cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and early apoptosis using a Cell Counting Kit‑8 and flow cytometry. In vivo experiments also demonstrated that DOX combined with TFP reduced tumor volumes and proliferation indices, and led to higher protein levels of FOXO1. In addition, TFP inhibited the nuclear exclusion of FOXO1, contributing toward the downregulation of MDR genes and an increase in intracellular DOX concentrations by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and spectrophotometer analysis. Therefore, TFP may inhibit DOX resistance by stimulating FOXO1 nuclear translocation and suppressing MDF genes in SHG44/DOX cells, contributing to promising clinical prospects for tumor chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010
| | - Xiaoquan Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010
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Lee TY, Martinez-Outschoorn UE, Schilder RJ, Kim CH, Richard SD, Rosenblum NG, Johnson JM. Metformin as a Therapeutic Target in Endometrial Cancers. Front Oncol 2018; 8:341. [PMID: 30211120 PMCID: PMC6121131 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Its increasing incidence is thought to be related in part to the rise of metabolic syndrome, which has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of hyperestrogenic and hyperinsulinemic states. This has consequently lead to an increase in other hormone-responsive cancers as well e.g., breast and ovarian cancer. The correlation between obesity, hyperglycemia, and endometrial cancer has highlighted the important role of metabolism in cancer establishment and persistence. Tumor-mediated reprogramming of the microenvironment and macroenvironment can range from induction of cytokines and growth factors to stimulation of surrounding stromal cells to produce energy-rich catabolites, fueling the growth, and survival of cancer cells. Such mechanisms raise the prospect of the metabolic microenvironment itself as a viable target for treatment of malignancies. Metformin is a biguanide drug that is a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes that has beneficial effects on various markers of the metabolic syndrome. Many studies suggest that metformin shows potential as an adjuvant treatment for uterine and other cancers. Here, we review the evidence for metformin as a treatment for cancers of the endometrium. We discuss the available clinical data and the molecular mechanisms by which it may exert its effects, with a focus on how it may alter the tumor microenvironment. The pleiotropic effects of metformin on cellular energy production and usage as well as intercellular and hormone-based interactions make it a promising candidate for reprogramming of the cancer ecosystem. This, along with other treatments aimed at targeting tumor metabolic pathways, may lead to novel treatment strategies for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Y Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Russell J Schilder
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christine H Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Scott D Richard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Norman G Rosenblum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer M Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Yates MS, Coletta AM, Zhang Q, Schmandt RE, Medepalli M, Nebgen D, Soletsky B, Milbourne A, Levy E, Fellman B, Urbauer D, Yuan Y, Broaddus RR, Basen-Engquist K, Lu K. Prospective Randomized Biomarker Study of Metformin and Lifestyle Intervention for Prevention in Obese Women at Increased Risk for Endometrial Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:477-490. [PMID: 29716897 PMCID: PMC6072574 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases risk of endometrial cancer through dysregulation of estrogen and insulin signaling. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of metformin or lifestyle intervention on endometrial proliferation in postmenopausal obese women. Secondary aims included evaluating obesity-related biomarkers and adverse events experienced. Obese, postmenopausal women with prediabetes were randomized into four groups for a 16-week intervention using a 2 (metformin 1700 mg/day vs. placebo) × 2 (lifestyle intervention vs. no lifestyle intervention) factorial design. Pre- and postintervention endometrial proliferation, anthropometrics, body composition, and serum biomarkers (sex hormones, sex hormone binding globulin, IGF-I, adiponectin, omentin, insulin, glucose, and others) were assessed. Data were analyzed with linear regression models and false-discovery rate correction. Of 576 women approached for the study, 52 attended initial screening, 29 were eligible and randomized, and 26 completed the study. Lifestyle intervention resulted in significant loss of weight (-4.23 kg, P = 0.006) and total fat mass (-3.23 kg, P < 0.001). Participants receiving metformin lost 3.43 kg of weight (P = 0.023), but this was not statistically significant after multiple comparisons adjustment controlling false-discovery rate to 10%. Endometrial proliferation was low at baseline (mean 7.1%) and remained unchanged by 16 weeks, but included substantial variability. Metformin and lifestyle intervention produced minor changes to serum biomarkers. Lifestyle intervention produced the most significant changes in weight and body composition. While it is known that obese postmenopausal women are at increased risk for endometrial cancer, improved biomarkers are needed to stratify risk and test prevention strategies, particularly at the endometrial tissue level. Cancer Prev Res; 11(8); 477-90. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda S Yates
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Adriana M Coletta
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rosemarie E Schmandt
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meena Medepalli
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Denise Nebgen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Beth Soletsky
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrea Milbourne
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Erma Levy
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bryan Fellman
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Diana Urbauer
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Russell R Broaddus
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen Basen-Engquist
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Karen Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Zhao Y, Sun H, Feng M, Zhao J, Zhao X, Wan Q, Cai D. Metformin is associated with reduced cell proliferation in human endometrial cancer by inbibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:428-432. [PMID: 29182407 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1409714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin recently gained traction as potential anti-endometrial cancer agent for its new applications. However, the underlying mechanisms of the anti-cancer effect of metformin in the endometrial cancer have not yet been fully elucidated. Sixty-five patients diagnosed as endometrial carcinoma were grouped into (n = 33) and non-treatment mixed (n = 32) for analysis. Thirty healthy donors were recruited as controls. We attempt to investigate the effect of metformin on Ki-67, PI3K, p-AKT, p-S6K1, and p-4EBP1 staining in human endometrial cancer by immunohistochemical staining. We found that increased Ki-67 expression in women with endometrial cancer, which were reversed by conventional anti-diabetic doses of metformin in present work. In parallel, the reduced PI3K, p-AKT, p-S6K1, and p-4EBP1 staining induced by metformin appeared to play an important role for the anti-proliferative effects of metformin in endometrial cancer patients. Metformin significantly decreased proliferation in human endometrial cancer may by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Our present results add to the growing body of evidence supporting metformin as a potential anti-cancer agent in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Hongli Sun
- b Shaanxi Institute of Pediatric Diseases , The Affiliated children's hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Minjuan Feng
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Xiaogui Zhao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Qiuyuan Wan
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Dongge Cai
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , PR China
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Liu JQ, Zhang L, Yao J, Yao S, Yuan T. AMPK alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress by inducing the ER-chaperone ORP150 via FOXO1 to protect human bronchial cells from apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:564-570. [PMID: 29448096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by inflammation of airways accompanied by a progressive destruction of lung parenchyma. This process is initiated in most cases by cigarette smoking. In this study we investigated the role of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced airway epithelial cell apoptosis as a consequence of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). Exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) to CSE resulted in apoptosis as detected using Annexin V-PI flow cytometry. However, co-treatment with N1-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR), a pharmacological activator of AMPK, significantly increased cell protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating the 150 kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150), which functions as an ER-associated chaperone, with concomitant elevation of FOXO1, a critical transcription factor regulating ORP150 expression. Lentiviral silencing of AMPK or FOXO1 using short hairpin (sh) RNA resulted in a significant decrease of ORP150 and an elevation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) resulting in ER stress and apoptosis of HBEpC. Together, our results strongly suggest that AMPK can activate ORP150 through FOXO1 pathway and confer protection against ER stress-induced apoptosis of airway epithelial cells following exposure to CSE. Thus, AMPK may serve as a likely therapeutic target for clinical and sub-clinical interventions in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qiang Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Yao
- Department of Radiology Department, Changsha Central Hospital, China
| | - Shuo Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Difficult Diseases Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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40
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The regulation of FOXO1 and its role in disease progression. Life Sci 2017; 193:124-131. [PMID: 29158051 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation are the basis of many diseases. Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FOXO1) changes in response to cellular stimulation and maintains tissue homeostasis during the above-mentioned physiological and pathological processes. Substantial evidences indicate that FOXO1's function depends on the modulation of downstream targets such as apoptosis- and autophagy-associated genes, anti-oxidative stress enzymes, cell cycle arrest genes, and metabolic and immune regulators. In addition, oxidative stress, high glucose and other stimulations induce the regulation of FOXO1 activity via PI3k-Akt, JNK, CBP, Sirtuins, ubiquitin E3 ligases, etc., which mediate multiple signalling pathways. Subsequent post-transcriptional modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, deacetylation, arginine methylation and O-GlcNAcylation, activate or inhibit FOXO1. The regulation of FOXO1 and its role might provide a significant avenue for the prevention and treatment of diseases. However, the subtle mechanisms of the post-transcriptional modifications and the effect of FOXO1 remain elusive and even conflicting in the development of many diseases. The determination of these questions potentially has implications for further research regarding FOXO1 signalling and the identification of targeted drugs.
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Gu CJ, Cheng J, Zhang B, Yang SL, Xie F, Sun JS, Huang LQ, Yu JJ, Li MQ. Protopanaxadiol and metformin synergistically inhibit estrogen-mediated proliferation and anti-autophagy effects in endometrial cancer cells. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4071-4082. [PMID: 28979682 PMCID: PMC5622251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is commonly used for treating type II diabetes and has recently been reported to possess anti-proliferative properties that can be exploited for the prevention and treatment of a variety of cancers. Ginsenosides are the main effective biological components of ginseng. It has been reported that ginsenoside-Rb2 inhibit the invasiveness of endometrial cancer cells (ECC). The aim of this study was to investigate whether protopanaxadiol (PPD, a metabolite of ginsenosides) and metformin could synergistically regulate the biological behavior of ECC and analyze its possible mechanism. We here found that either metformin or PPD treatment led to a decreased viability and increased apoptosis and autophagy levels in ECC lines (Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells), and combination of PPD and metformin could enhance these effects induced by metformin or PPD in vitro. PPD and metformin significantly decreased the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells. Estrogen promoted the viability and restricted the apoptosis and autophagy of Ishikawa and RL95-2 cells, and PPD and metformin reversed these effects. In vivo trials showed that combination of PPD and metformin had the strongest activity of anti-tumor growth compared with PPD alone and metformin alone. These data suggest that PPD and metformin can be used together to play a more powerful anti-EC effect. Our study provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of PPD and metformin in the treatment of EC, especially in estrogen-dependent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jie Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao-Liang Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Song Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Chemical Synthesis of Monosaccharide, Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330027, Jiangxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qing Huang
- Department of Statistics and Psychology, College of Letters and Science, University of California DavisDavis 95618, CA, USA
| | - Jin-Jin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214062, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, SIPPR, IRD, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related DiseasesShanghai 200011, People’s Republic of China
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Ye YQ, Zhang L, Xie J, Zhu HY, Xie Y, Zeng B. Role of VEGF in metformin induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:966-973. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i11.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the molecular mechanism of metformin induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells.
METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations (0-20 mmol/L) of metformin (MET) for 24 h or 10 mmol/L MET for different times (0-48 h), and the effect of MET on cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis rate. RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in HepG2 cells treated with MET.
RESULTS MET had an obvious inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell proliferation. After treatment with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mmol/L MET for 24 h, the relative cell viability rates of HepG2 cells were 100%, 80.56% ± 0.72%, 71.06% ± 0.70%, 64.73% ± 0.35%, and 54.73% ± 0.40%, respectively, showing a dose-dependent manner. After treatment with 10 mmol/L MET for 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h, the relative cell viability rates of HepG2 cells were 100%, 83.40% ± 0.70%, 69.86% ± 0.45%, 60.40% ± 0.88%, and 50.70% ± 0.45%, respectively, showing a time-dependent manner. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry revealed that the apoptosis rates of HepG2 cell were increased after treatment with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mmol/L MET for 24 h, and the apoptosis rates were 2.78% ± 0.68%, 9.33% ± 0.22%, 17.13% ± 0.10%, 21.61% ± 0.20%, and 25.26% ± 1.09%, respectively, showing a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis rates of HepG2 cells were increased after treatment with 10 mmol/L for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 h, and the apoptosis rates were 2.05% ± 0.04%, 8.10% ± 0.08%, 16.53% ± 0.93%, 20.95% ± 0.16%, and 25.65% ± 0.44%, showing a time-dependent manner. The expression of VEGF decreased after treatment with different concentrations of MET for 24 h or 10 mmol/L MET for different times, showing a dose- and time-dependent manner.
CONCLUSION MET can inhibit HepG2 cell proliferation via inducing apoptosis, which may involve the expression of VEGF.
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Abdelgadir E, Ali R, Rashid F, Bashier A. Effect of Metformin on Different Non-Diabetes Related Conditions, a Special Focus on Malignant Conditions: Review of Literature. J Clin Med Res 2017; 9:388-395. [PMID: 28392858 PMCID: PMC5380171 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr2922e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been proven to be one of the most safe and effective antihyperglycemic agents. Through more than six decades of metformin use, it became the most studied hypoglycemic agent; through these studies, it showed a marvelous non-glycemic related effect. These effects include modulation of different points of cancer timeline, weight reduction, cardiovascular health, thyroid diseases, polycystic ovaries disease and many other medical conditions. The aim of this review was to assess the effect of metformin on non-diabetes related medical diseases. We have examined the studies published in PubMed and summarized different randomized controlled trials, observational trials and review articles. This review has summarized most of the non-glycemic effects of metformin. Metformin has been solidly shown to be effective in weight control with certain medications, effective in neuroprotection, in endothelial health, in control of anti-HIV agent side effects and many other crucial health jeopardies. The effects in cancer timeline modulation have taken the biggest part, since it was the most studied area outside the diabetes field. Having mentioned all the above privileges, and in addition to the robust evidence in glycemic control, this consolidates the position of metformin as a first line agent in treatment of diabetes and pre-diabetes. Perhaps in the near future, we may see other indications to use metformin in non-diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Razan Ali
- Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
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Zou J, Hong L, Luo C, Li Z, Zhu Y, Huang T, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Hu Y, Wen T, Zhuang W, Cai B, Zhang X, Huang J, Cheng J. Metformin inhibits estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer cell growth by activating the AMPK-FOXO1 signal pathway. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1806-1817. [PMID: 27636742 PMCID: PMC5198961 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an oral biguanide commonly used for treating type II diabetes and has recently been reported to possess antiproliferative properties that can be exploited for the prevention and treatment of a variety of cancers. The mechanisms underlying this effect have not been fully elucidated. Our study shows a marked loss of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and nuclear human Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) protein in estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer (EC) tumors compared to normal control endometrium. Metformin treatment suppressed EC cell growth in a time-dependent manner in vitro; this effect was cancelled by cotreatment with an AMPK inhibitor, compound C. Metformin decreased FOXO1 phosphorylation and increased FOXO1 nuclear localization in Ishikawa and HEC-1B cells, with non-significant increase in FOXO1 mRNA expression. Moreover, compound C blocked the metformin-induced changes of FOXO1 and its phosphorylation protein, suggesting that metformin upregulated FOXO1 activity by AMPK activation. Similar results were obtained after treatment with insulin. In addition, transfection with siRNA for FOXO1 cancelled metformin-inhibited cell growth, indicating that FOXO1 mediated metformin to inhibit EC cell proliferation. A xenograft mouse model further revealed that metformin suppressed HEC-1B tumor growth, accompanied by downregulated ki-67 and upregulated AMPK phosphorylation and nuclear FOXO1 protein. Taken together, these data provide a novel mechanism of antineoplastic effect for metformin through the regulation of FOXO1, and suggest that the AMPK-FOXO1 pathway may be a therapeutic target to the development of new antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Zou
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Liangli Hong
- Departments of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Chaohuan Luo
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Zhi Li
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yuzhang Zhu
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Tianliang Huang
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yongneng Zhang
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Huier Yuan
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Yaqiu Hu
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Tengfei Wen
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Wanling Zhuang
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Bozhi Cai
- The Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Jiexiong Huang
- Departments of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - Jidong Cheng
- Departments of Internal MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
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