1
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Ray J, Sapp DG, Fairn GD. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate: Out of the shadows and into the spotlight. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102372. [PMID: 38776601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases regulate many cellular functions, including migration, growth, proliferation, and cell survival. Early studies equated the inhibition of Class I PI3Ks with loss of; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), but over time, it was realised that these; treatments also depleted phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2). In recent years, the; use of better tools and an improved understanding of its metabolism have allowed for the; identification of specific roles of PI(3,4)P2. This includes the production of PI(3,4)P2 and the; activation of its effector Akt2 in response to growth factor signalling. In contrast, a lysosomal pool of PI(3,4)P2 is a negative regulator of mTORC1 during growth factor deprivation. A growing body of literature also demonstrates that PI(3,4)P2 controls many dynamic plasmalemmal processes. The significance of PI(3,4)P2 in cell biology is increasingly evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayatee Ray
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David G Sapp
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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2
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Müller SM, Jücker M. The Functional Roles of the Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Inositol 5-Phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 in the Pathogenesis of Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5254. [PMID: 38791291 PMCID: PMC11121230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The src homology 2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatases SHIP1 and SHIP2 are two proteins involved in intracellular signaling pathways and have been linked to the pathogenesis of several diseases. Both protein paralogs are well known for their involvement in the formation of various kinds of cancer. SHIP1, which is expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells, has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in leukemogenesis especially in myeloid leukemia, whereas SHIP2, which is expressed ubiquitously, has been implicated as an oncogene in a wider variety of cancer types and is suggested to be involved in the process of metastasis of carcinoma cells. However, there are numerous other diseases, such as inflammatory diseases as well as allergic responses, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke, in which SHIP1 can play a role. Moreover, SHIP2 overexpression was shown to correlate with opsismodysplasia and Alzheimer's disease, as well as metabolic diseases. The SHIP1-inhibitor 3-α-aminocholestane (3AC), and SHIP1-activators, such as AQX-435 and AQX-1125, and SHIP2-inhibitors, such as K161 and AS1949490, have been developed and partly tested in clinical trials, which indicates the importance of the SHIP-paralogs as possible targets in the therapy of those diseases. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the involvement of SHIP proteins in the pathogenesis of cancer and other human diseases and to create awareness that SHIP1 and SHIP2 are more than just tumor suppressors and oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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3
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Wang J, Deng R, Chen S, Deng S, Hu Q, Xu B, Li J, He Z, Peng M, Lei S, Ma T, Chen Z, Zhu H, Zuo C. Helicobacter pylori CagA promotes immune evasion of gastric cancer by upregulating PD-L1 level in exosomes. iScience 2023; 26:108414. [PMID: 38047083 PMCID: PMC10692710 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) may promote immune evasion of Hp-infected gastric cancer (GC), but potential mechanisms are still under explored. In this study, the positive rates of CagA and PD-L1 protein in tumor tissues and the high level of exosomal PD-L1 protein in plasma exosomes were significantly associated with the elevated stages of tumor node metastasis (TNM) in Hp-infected GC. Moreover, the positive rate of CagA was positively correlated with the positive rate of PD-L1 in tumor tissues and the level of PD-L1 protein in plasma exosomes, and high level of exosomal PD-L1 might indicate poor prognosis of Hp-infected GC. Mechanically, CagA increased PD-L1 level in exosomes derived from GC cells by inhibiting p53 and miRNA-34a, suppressing proliferation and anticancer effect of CD8+ T cells. This study provides sights for understanding immune evasion mediated by PD-L1. Targeting CagA and exosomal PD-L1 may improve immunotherapy efficacy of Hp-infected GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Wang
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Clinical Research Center For Tumor of Pancreaticobiliary Duodenal Junction In Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Rilin Deng
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Shun Deng
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Clinical Research Center For Tumor of Pancreaticobiliary Duodenal Junction In Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Graduates School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Biaoming Xu
- Graduates School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo He
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Clinical Research Center For Tumor of Pancreaticobiliary Duodenal Junction In Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Mingjing Peng
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Clinical Research Center For Tumor of Pancreaticobiliary Duodenal Junction In Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Sanlin Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Tiexiang Ma
- The Third Department of General Surgery, The Central Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan 411100, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Haizhen Zhu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Chaohui Zuo
- Department of Gastroduodenal and Pancreatic Surgery, Translational Medicine Joint Research Center of Liver Cancer, Laboratory of Digestive Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Clinical Research Center For Tumor of Pancreaticobiliary Duodenal Junction In Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China
- Graduates School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
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4
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Sun Q, Yuan C, Zhou S, Lu J, Zeng M, Cai X, Song H. Helicobacter pylori infection: a dynamic process from diagnosis to treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1257817. [PMID: 37928189 PMCID: PMC10621068 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1257817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative microaerophilic pathogen, causes several upper gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. For the diseases listed above, H. pylori has different pathogenic mechanisms, including colonization and virulence factor expression. It is essential to make accurate diagnoses and provide patients with effective treatment to achieve positive clinical outcomes. Detection of H. pylori can be accomplished invasively and noninvasively, with both having advantages and limitations. To enhance therapeutic outcomes, novel therapeutic regimens, as well as adjunctive therapies with probiotics and traditional Chinese medicine, have been attempted along with traditional empiric treatments, such as triple and bismuth quadruple therapies. An H. pylori infection, however, is difficult to eradicate during treatment owing to bacterial resistance, and there is no commonly available preventive vaccine. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of our understanding of H. pylori infections and to highlight current treatment and diagnostic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Sun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengzhi Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sainan Zhou
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meiyan Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong Cai
- School of International Education, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Houpan Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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5
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Sah DK, Arjunan A, Lee B, Jung YD. Reactive Oxygen Species and H. pylori Infection: A Comprehensive Review of Their Roles in Gastric Cancer Development. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1712. [PMID: 37760015 PMCID: PMC10525271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and makes up a significant component of the global cancer burden. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most influential risk factor for GC, with the International Agency for Research on Cancer classifying it as a Class I carcinogen for GC. H. pylori has been shown to persist in stomach acid for decades, causing damage to the stomach's mucosal lining, altering gastric hormone release patterns, and potentially altering gastric function. Epidemiological studies have shown that eliminating H. pylori reduces metachronous cancer. Evidence shows that various molecular alterations are present in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions associated with an H. pylori infection. However, although H. pylori can cause oxidative stress-induced gastric cancer, with antioxidants potentially being a treatment for GC, the exact mechanism underlying GC etiology is not fully understood. This review provides an overview of recent research exploring the pathophysiology of H. pylori-induced oxidative stress that can cause cancer and the antioxidant supplements that can reduce or even eliminate GC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bora Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Jeonnam, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyang Ro 264, Jeonnam, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (D.K.S.); (A.A.)
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Zhu Y, Lin C, Xu H, Xia Z, Yang W, Tang H, Hu X, Jiang T, Liu Z, Shen J. Establishment and Methodological Evaluation of a Method for Rapid Detection of Helicobacter pylori and Virulence Genes Based on CRISPR-Cas12a. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:435-443. [PMID: 36721635 PMCID: PMC9884559 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s398098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction More than half of the world's people are infected or have been infected with Helicobacter pylori. This infection is related to many diseases, with its pathogenicity related to virulence factors. Therefore, the rapid diagnosis of H. pylori and genotyping of virulence genes play an extremely important role in the clinical treatment and control of transmission. Methods To this end, we developed a molecular detection method based on RPA- CRISPR-Cas12a technology for the specific genes 16S rDNA gene, cytotoxin associated gene A(cagA), and vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) of H. pylori. Results The results of which were displayed by lateral flow strips. Macroscopic observation takes only about 25 minutes and the sensitivity is 2ng/microliter. Discussion The method is simple, convenient to operate and has low costs, and can therefore be applied widely to the detection and typing of H. pylori in various environments such as primary hospitals, community clinics, outdoors, and large medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaming Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wensu Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilu Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jilu Shen, Tel +86 151 5515 2963, Email ;
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7
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Freire de Melo F, Marques HS, Rocha Pinheiro SL, Lemos FFB, Silva Luz M, Nayara Teixeira K, Souza CL, Oliveira MV. Influence of Helicobacter pylori oncoprotein CagA in gastric cancer: A critical-reflective analysis. World J Clin Oncol 2022; 13:866-879. [PMID: 36483973 PMCID: PMC9724182 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v13.i11.866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and third leading cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the gastric environment of 60.3% of the world’s population and represents the main risk factor for the onset of gastric neoplasms. CagA is the most important virulence factor in H. pylori, and is a translocated oncoprotein that induces morphofunctional modifications in gastric epithelial cells and a chronic inflammatory response that increases the risk of developing precancerous lesions. Upon translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation, CagA moves to the cell membrane and acts as a pathological scaffold protein that simultaneously interacts with multiple intracellular signaling pathways, thereby disrupting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. All these alterations in cell biology increase the risk of damaged cells acquiring pro-oncogenic genetic changes. In this sense, once gastric cancer sets in, its perpetuation is independent of the presence of the oncoprotein, characterizing a “hit-and-run” carcinogenic mechanism. Therefore, this review aims to describe H. pylori- and CagA-related oncogenic mechanisms, to update readers and discuss the novelties and perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Hanna Santos Marques
- Campus Vitória da Conquista, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Lima Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Brazil
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8
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Structural Insights into the Binding Propensity of Human SHIP2 SH2 to Oncogenic CagA Isoforms from Helicobacter pylori. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911299. [PMID: 36232599 PMCID: PMC9569640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SHIP2 is a multi-domain inositol 5-phosphatase binding to a variety of phosphotyrosine (pY)-containing proteins through its SH2 domain, so as to regulate various cell signaling pathways by modulating the phosphatidylinositol level in the plasma membrane. Unfavorably, Helicobacter pylori can hijack SHIP2 through the CagA protein to induce gastric cell carcinogenesis. To date, the interaction between SHIP2 and CagA was not analyzed from a structural point of view. Here, the binding of SHIP2-SH2 with Tyr-phosphorylated peptides from four EPIYA motifs (A/B/C/D) in CagA was studied using NMR spectroscopy. The results showed that EPIYA-C and -D bind to a similar interface of SHIP2-SH2, including a pY-binding pocket and a hydrophobic pocket, to achieve high affinity, while EPIYA-A and -B bind to a smaller interface of SHIP2-SH2 with weak affinity. By summarizing the interface and affinity of SHIP2-SH2 for CagA EPIYA-A/B/C/D, c-MET and FcgR2B ITIM, it was proposed that, potentially, SHIP2-SH2 has a selective preference for L > I > V for the aliphatic residues at the pY+3 position in its ligand. This study reveals the rule of the ligand sequence bound by SHIP2-SH2 and the mechanism by which CagA protein hijacks SHIP2, which will help design a peptide inhibitor against SHIP2-SH2.
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9
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Tang X, Qi C, Zhou H, Liu Y. Critical roles of PTPN family members regulated by non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972906. [PMID: 35957898 PMCID: PMC9360549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since tyrosine phosphorylation is reversible and dynamic in vivo, the phosphorylation state of proteins is controlled by the opposing roles of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs), both of which perform critical roles in signal transduction. Of these, intracellular non-receptor PTPs (PTPNs), which belong to the largest class I cysteine PTP family, are essential for the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including but not limited to hematopoiesis, inflammatory response, immune system, and glucose homeostasis. Additionally, a substantial amount of PTPNs have been identified to hold crucial roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and inhibitors of PTPNs have promising applications due to striking efficacy in antitumor therapy. Hence, the aim of this review is to summarize the role played by PTPNs, including PTPN1/PTP1B, PTPN2/TC-PTP, PTPN3/PTP-H1, PTPN4/PTPMEG, PTPN6/SHP-1, PTPN9/PTPMEG2, PTPN11/SHP-2, PTPN12/PTP-PEST, PTPN13/PTPL1, PTPN14/PEZ, PTPN18/PTP-HSCF, PTPN22/LYP, and PTPN23/HD-PTP, in human cancer and immunotherapy and to comprehensively describe the molecular pathways in which they are implicated. Given the specific roles of PTPNs, identifying potential regulators of PTPNs is significant for understanding the mechanisms of antitumor therapy. Consequently, this work also provides a review on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating PTPNs in tumorigenesis and progression, which may help us to find effective therapeutic agents for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Chumei Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dazhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Honghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honghong Zhou, ; Yongshuo Liu,
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honghong Zhou, ; Yongshuo Liu,
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10
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Loh JT, Shuman JHB, Lin AS, Favret N, Piazuelo MB, Mallal S, Chopra A, McClain MS, Cover TL. Positive Selection of Mutations in the Helicobacter pylori katA 5' Untranslated Region in a Mongolian Gerbil Model of Gastric Disease. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0000422. [PMID: 35652648 PMCID: PMC9302185 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00004-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate potential effects of gastric inflammation on Helicobacter pylori diversification and evolution within the stomach, we experimentally infected Mongolian gerbils with an H. pylori strain in which Cag type IV secretion system (T4SS) activity is controlled by a TetR/tetO system. Gerbils infected with H. pylori under conditions in which Cag T4SS activity was derepressed had significantly higher levels of gastric inflammation than gerbils infected under conditions with repressed Cag T4SS activity. Mutations in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of katA (encoding catalase) were detected in strains cultured from 8 of the 17 gerbils infected with Cag T4SS-active H. pylori and none of the strains from 17 gerbils infected with Cag T4SS-inactive H. pylori. Catalase enzymatic activity, steady-state katA transcript levels, and katA transcript stability were increased in strains with these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared to strains in which these SNPs were absent. Moreover, strains harboring these SNPs exhibited increased resistance to bactericidal effects of hydrogen peroxide, compared to control strains. Experimental introduction of the SNPs into the wild-type katA 5' UTR resulted in increased katA transcript stability, increased katA steady-state levels, and increased catalase enzymatic activity. Based on site-directed mutagenesis and modeling of RNA structure, increased katA transcript levels were correlated with higher predicted thermal stability of the katA 5' UTR secondary structure. These data suggest that high levels of gastric inflammation positively select for H. pylori strains producing increased levels of catalase, which may confer survival advantages to the bacteria in an inflammatory gastric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Loh
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer H. B. Shuman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aung Soe Lin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Natalie Favret
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - M. Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Simon Mallal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Mark S. McClain
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennesse, USA
| | - Timothy L. Cover
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennesse, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Shrestha R, Murata-Kamiya N, Imai S, Yamamoto M, Tsukamoto T, Nomura S, Hatakeyama M. Mouse Gastric Epithelial Cells Resist CagA Delivery by the Helicobacter pylori Type IV Secretion System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052492. [PMID: 35269634 PMCID: PMC8910101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial step in bacterial infection is adherence of the bacterium to the target cell surface. Helicobacter pylori exploits the interaction of bacterial adhesin protein HopQ with human epithelial CEACAMs (CEACAM1, 5, and 6) to stably adhere to gastric epithelial cells, which is necessary for delivery of the H. pylori CagA oncoprotein into the epithelial cells via a type IV secretion system. In contrast to human CEACAMs, however, HopQ does not interact with Ceacam1 (mouse CEACAM1) in vitro or in CHO cells ectopically expressing Ceacam1. Since the mouse genome lacks Ceacam5 and Ceacam6, no significant HopQ–Ceacam interaction may occur in mouse gastric epithelial cells. Here, we found that the mouse stomach has a much lower expression level of Ceacam1 than the expression level of CEACAM1 in the human stomach. Consistently, mouse gastric epithelial cells resist CagA delivery by cagA-positive H. pylori, and the delivery is restored by ectopic expression of human CEACAM1 or CEACAM5 in mouse gastric epithelial cells. Thus, despite the fact that mice are routinely used for H. pylori infection studies, a low expression level of Ceacam1 in the mouse stomach together with the loss or greatly reduced interaction of HopQ with Ceacams make the mouse an inappropriate model for studying the role of H. pylori-delivered CagA in gastric pathogenesis, including the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejina Shrestha
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (R.S.); (N.M.-K.); (S.I.)
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (R.S.); (N.M.-K.); (S.I.)
| | - Satoshi Imai
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (R.S.); (N.M.-K.); (S.I.)
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Division of Physiological Pathology, Department of Applied Science, School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Sachiyo Nomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (R.S.); (N.M.-K.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5841-3404
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12
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Wang Z, Zhou H, Yue X, Zhu J, Yang Y, Liu M. An auxiliary binding interface of SHIP2-SH2 for Y292-phosphorylated FcγRIIB reveals diverse recognition mechanisms for tyrosine-phosphorylated receptors involved in different cell signaling pathways. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:497-506. [PMID: 34021368 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) plays an essential role in regulating phosphatidylinositol level in human cell, and is recruited to many phosphotyrosine (pY)-dependent signal transduction pathways by the SH2 domain. In immunity signaling, immunoreceptor FcγRIIB binds to SHIP2-SH2 via its Y292-phosphorylated immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and transmits inhibitory signal, which regulates B cell and neuronal cell activity and is associated with immune diseases and Alzheimer's disease. To date, the interaction between SHIP2 and FcγRIIB has not been analyzed from a structural point of view. Here, the binding of SHIP2-SH2 with Y292-phosphorylated FcγRIIB-ITIM was analyzed using NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that SHIP2-SH2 mainly utilizes two regions including a pY-binding pocket and a specificity pocket formed by βD, βE, and EF-loop, to bind with FcγRIIB-ITIM in high affinity. In addition to the two regions, the BG-loop of SHIP2-SH2 functions as an auxiliary interface enhancing affinity. By comparing the binding of SHIP2-SH2 with ligands from FcγRIIB and c-MET, a hepatocyte growth factor receptor associated with tumorigenesis, significant differences in interface and affinity were found, suggesting that SHIP2-SH2 applies diverse patterns for binding to different ligand proteins. Moreover, S49, S51, and R70 of SHIP2 were identified to mediate the binding of both FcγRIIB and c-MET, while R28 and Q107 were found to only participate in the binding of c-MET and FcγRIIB respectively. Taken together, this study reveals the diverse mechanisms of SHIP2-SH2 for recognizing different ligands, and provides important clues for selectively manipulating various signaling pathways and specific drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiali Yue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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13
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Imai S, Ooki T, Murata-Kamiya N, Komura D, Tahmina K, Wu W, Takahashi-Kanemitsu A, Knight CT, Kunita A, Suzuki N, Del Valle AA, Tsuboi M, Hata M, Hayakawa Y, Ohnishi N, Ueda K, Fukayama M, Ushiku T, Ishikawa S, Hatakeyama M. Helicobacter pylori CagA elicits BRCAness to induce genome instability that may underlie bacterial gastric carcinogenesis. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:941-958.e10. [PMID: 33989515 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection with CagA-producing Helicobacter pylori plays a causative role in the development of gastric cancer. Upon delivery into gastric epithelial cells, CagA deregulates prooncogenic phosphatase SHP2 while inhibiting polarity-regulating kinase PAR1b through complex formation. Here, we show that CagA/PAR1b interaction subverts nuclear translocation of BRCA1 by inhibiting PAR1b-mediated BRCA1 phosphorylation. It hereby induces BRCAness that promotes DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) while disabling error-free homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. The CagA/PAR1b interaction also stimulates Hippo signaling that circumvents apoptosis of DNA-damaged cells, giving cells time to repair DSBs through error-prone mechanisms. The DSB-activated p53-p21Cip1 axis inhibits proliferation of CagA-delivered cells, but the inhibition can be overcome by p53 inactivation. Indeed, sequential pulses of CagA in TP53-mutant cells drove somatic mutation with BRCAness-associated genetic signatures. Expansion of CagA-delivered cells with BRCAness-mediated genome instability, from which CagA-independent cancer-predisposing cells arise, provides a plausible "hit-and-run mechanism" of H. pylori CagA for gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Ooki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kamrunnesa Tahmina
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Weida Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Christopher Takaya Knight
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Kunita
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Adriana A Del Valle
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mayo Tsuboi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohnishi
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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14
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factor Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA)-Mediated Gastric Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197430. [PMID: 33050101 PMCID: PMC7582651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes persistent infection in the gastric epithelium of more than half of the world’s population, leading to the development of severe complications such as peptic ulcer diseases, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Several virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which is translocated into the gastric epithelium via the type 4 secretory system (T4SS), have been indicated to play a vital role in disease development. Although infection with strains harboring the East Asian type of CagA possessing the EPIYA-A, -B, and -D sequences has been found to potentiate cell proliferation and disease pathogenicity, the exact mechanism of CagA involvement in disease severity still remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we discuss the possible role of CagA in gastric pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health (GO-MARCH), Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740; Fax: +81-97-586-5749
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15
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Fujii Y, Murata-Kamiya N, Hatakeyama M. Helicobacter pylori CagA oncoprotein interacts with SHIP2 to increase its delivery into gastric epithelial cells. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1596-1606. [PMID: 32198795 PMCID: PMC7226221 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA‐positive strains is causally associated with the development of gastric diseases, most notably gastric cancer. The cagA‐encoded CagA protein, which is injected into gastric epithelial cells by bacterial type IV secretion, undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the Glu‐Pro‐Ile‐Tyr‐Ala (EPIYA) segments (EPIYA‐A, EPIYA‐B, EPIYA‐C, and EPIYA‐D), which are present in various numbers and combinations in its C‐terminal polymorphic region, thereby enabling CagA to promiscuously interact with SH2 domain‐containing host cell proteins, including the prooncogenic SH2 domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2). Perturbation of host protein functions by aberrant complex formation with CagA has been considered to contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Here we show that SHIP2, an SH2 domain‐containing phosphatidylinositol 5′‐phosphatase, is a hitherto undiscovered CagA‐binding host protein. Similar to SHP2, SHIP2 binds to the Western CagA‐specific EPIYA‐C segment or East Asian CagA‐specific EPIYA‐D segment through the SH2 domain in a tyrosine phosphorylation‐dependent manner. In contrast to the case of SHP2, however, SHIP2 binds more strongly to EPIYA‐C than to EPIYA‐D. Interaction with CagA tethers SHIP2 to the plasma membrane, where it mediates production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4‐diphosphate [PI(3,4)P2]. The CagA‐SHIP2 interaction also potentiates the morphogenetic activity of CagA, which is caused by CagA‐deregulated SHP2. This study indicates that initially delivered CagA interacts with SHIP2 and thereby strengthens H. pylori‐host cell attachment by altering membrane phosphatidylinositol compositions, which potentiates subsequent delivery of CagA that binds to and thereby deregulates the prooncogenic phosphatase SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Fujii
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Max-Planck Center for Integrative Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Tumor Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Division of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Max-Planck Center for Integrative Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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