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Anajafi S, Paryan M, Khoshnazar A, Soleimani M, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S. miRNAs Delivery for Cancer-associated Fibroblasts' Activation and Drug Resistance in Cancer Microenvironment. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:333-347. [PMID: 37612874 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230823094556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a major component of cancer stroma contribute to diverse procedures of most solid tumors and might be a targeted cancer therapy approach. Their specified features, related signaling pathways, distinct biomarkers, and sub-populations need to be deciphered. There is a need for CAF extraction or induction for in vitro investigations. Some miRNAs could activate CAF-like phenotype and they also interfere in CAF-mediated drug resistance, aggressiveness, and metastatic behaviors of several cancer cell types. Due to the complex relevance of miRNA and CAFs, these non-coding oligonucleotides may serve as attractive scope for anti-cancer targeted therapies, but the lack of an efficient delivery system is still a major hurdle. Here, we have summarized the investigated information on CAF features, isolation, and induction procedures, and highlighted the miRNA-CAF communications, providing special insight into nano-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Anajafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amineh Khoshnazar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Anilkumar KV, Rema LP, John MC, Vanesa John T, George A. miRNAs in the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer: A review. Life Sci 2023; 333:122183. [PMID: 37858714 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive and invasive type of breast cancer (BC) with high mortality rate wherein effective target medicaments are lacking. It is a very heterogeneous group with several subtypes that account for 10-20% of cancer among women globally, being negative for three most important receptors (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)), with an early and high recurrence resulting in poor survival rate. Therefore, a more thorough knowledge on carcinogenesis of TNBC is required for the development of personalized treatment options. miRNAs can either promote or suppress tumorigenesis and have been linked to a number of features of cancer progression, including proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent miRNA research shows that there is great potential for the development of novel biomarkers as they have emerged as drivers of tumorigenesis and provide opportunities to target various components involved in TNBC, thus helping to solve this difficult-to-treat disease. In this review, we summarize the most relevant miRNAs that play an essential role in TNBC biology. Their role with regard to molecular mechanisms underlying TNBC progression has been discussed, and their potential use as therapeutic or prognostic markers to unravel the intricacy of TNBC based on the pieces of evidence obtained from various works of literature has been briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya V Anilkumar
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Maharaja's College, Ernakulam, 682011, India; Cell and Molecular Biology Facility, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - L P Rema
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Maharaja's College, Ernakulam, 682011, India
| | - Mithun Chacko John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala 680005, India
| | - T Vanesa John
- Department of Pathology, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Alex George
- Cell and Molecular Biology Facility, Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India.
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Hossain F, Ucar DA, Monticone G, Ran Y, Majumder S, Larter K, Luu H, Wyczechowska D, Heidari S, Xu K, Shanthalingam S, Matossian M, Xi Y, Burow M, Collins-Burow B, Del Valle L, Hicks C, Zabaleta J, Golde T, Osborne B, Miele L. Sulindac sulfide as a non-immune suppressive γ-secretase modulator to target triple-negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1244159. [PMID: 37901240 PMCID: PMC10612326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises a heterogeneous group of clinically aggressive tumors with high risk of recurrence and metastasis. Current pharmacological treatment options remain largely limited to chemotherapy. Despite promising results, the efficacy of immunotherapy and chemo-immunotherapy in TNBC remains limited. There is strong evidence supporting the involvement of Notch signaling in TNBC progression. Expression of Notch1 and its ligand Jagged1 correlate with poor prognosis. Notch inhibitors, including g-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), are quite effective in preclinical models of TNBC. However, the success of GSIs in clinical trials has been limited by their intestinal toxicity and potential for adverse immunological effects, since Notch plays key roles in T-cell activation, including CD8 T-cells in tumors. Our overarching goal is to replace GSIs with agents that lack their systemic toxicity and ideally, do not affect tumor immunity. We identified sulindac sulfide (SS), the active metabolite of FDA-approved NSAID sulindac, as a potential candidate to replace GSIs. Methods We investigated the pharmacological and immunotherapeutic properties of SS in TNBC models in vitro, ex-vivo and in vivo. Results We confirmed that SS, a known γ-secretase modulator (GSM), inhibits Notch1 cleavage in TNBC cells. SS significantly inhibited mammosphere growth in all human and murine TNBC models tested. In a transplantable mouse TNBC tumor model (C0321), SS had remarkable single-agent anti-tumor activity and eliminated Notch1 protein expression in tumors. Importantly, SS did not inhibit Notch cleavage in T- cells, and the anti-tumor effects of SS were significantly enhanced when combined with a-PD1 immunotherapy in our TNBC organoids and in vivo. Discussion Our data support further investigation of SS for the treatment of TNBC, in conjunction with chemo- or -chemo-immunotherapy. Repurposing an FDA-approved, safe agent for the treatment of TNBC may be a cost-effective, rapidly deployable therapeutic option for a patient population in need of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokhrul Hossain
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Deniz A. Ucar
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Giulia Monticone
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Pharmacological and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kristina Larter
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hanh Luu
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-NO, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Soroor Heidari
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Keli Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Sudarvili Shanthalingam
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | | | - Yaguang Xi
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Matthew Burow
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | | | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-NO, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Chindo Hicks
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-NO, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Todd Golde
- Department of Pharmacological and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Barbara Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), New Orleans, LA, United States
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Gobin C, Inkabi S, Lattimore CC, Gu T, Menefee JN, Rodriguez M, Kates H, Fields C, Bian T, Silver N, Xing C, Yates C, Renne R, Xie M, Fredenburg KM. Investigating miR-9 as a mediator in laryngeal cancer health disparities. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1096882. [PMID: 37081981 PMCID: PMC10112398 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1096882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For several decades, Black patients have carried a higher burden of laryngeal cancer among all races. Even when accounting for sociodemographics, a disparity remains. Differentially expressed microRNAs have been linked to racially disparate clinical outcomes in breast and prostate cancers, yet an association in laryngeal cancer has not been addressed. In this study, we present our computational analysis of differentially expressed miRNAs in Black compared with White laryngeal cancer and further validate microRNA-9-5p (miR-9-5p) as a potential mediator of cancer phenotype and chemoresistance. Methods Bioinformatic analysis of 111 (92 Whites, 19 Black) laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) specimens from the TCGA revealed miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in Black compared with White LSCC. We focused on miR-9-5 p which had a significant 4-fold lower expression in Black compared with White LSCC (p<0.05). After transient transfection with either miR-9 mimic or inhibitor in cell lines derived from Black (UM-SCC-12) or White LSCC patients (UM-SCC-10A), cellular migration and cell proliferation was assessed. Alterations in cisplatin sensitivity was evaluated in transient transfected cells via IC50 analysis. qPCR was performed on transfected cells to evaluate miR-9 targets and chemoresistance predictors, ABCC1 and MAP1B. Results Northern blot analysis revealed mature miR-9-5p was inherently lower in cell line UM-SCC-12 compared with UM-SCC-10A. UM -SCC-12 had baseline increase in cellular migration (p < 0.01), proliferation (p < 0.0001) and chemosensitivity (p < 0.01) compared to UM-SCC-10A. Increasing miR-9 in UM-SCC-12 cells resulted in decreased cellular migration (p < 0.05), decreased proliferation (p < 0.0001) and increased sensitivity to cisplatin (p < 0.001). Reducing miR-9 in UM-SCC-10A cells resulted in increased cellular migration (p < 0.05), increased proliferation (p < 0.05) and decreased sensitivity to cisplatin (p < 0.01). A significant inverse relationship in ABCC1 and MAP1B gene expression was observed when miR-9 levels were transiently elevated or reduced in either UM-SCC-12 or UM-SCC-10A cell lines, respectively, suggesting modulation by miR-9. Conclusion Collectively, these studies introduce differential miRNA expression in LSCC cancer health disparities and propose a role for low miR-9-5p as a mediator in LSCC tumorigenesis and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gobin
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Samuel Inkabi
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO, United States
| | - Chayil C. Lattimore
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tongjun Gu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - James N. Menefee
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mayrangela Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Heather Kates
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Christopher Fields
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natalie Silver
- Head and Neck Institute/Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rolf Renne
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mingyi Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Kristianna M. Fredenburg
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Saran U, Chandrasekaran B, Tyagi A, Shukla V, Singh A, Sharma AK, Damodaran C. A small molecule inhibitor of Notch1 modulates stemness and suppresses breast cancer cell growth. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1150774. [PMID: 36909163 PMCID: PMC9998682 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1150774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are well characterized, molecularly targeting and eradicating this sub-population remains a challenge in the clinic. Recent studies have explored several signaling pathways that govern stem cell activation: We and others established that the Notch1 signaling plays a significant role in the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of BCSCs. Earlier, we reported that a newly developed small molecule, ASR490, binds to the negative regulatory region (NRR: The activation switch of the Notch receptor) of Notch1. In vitro results demonstrated that ASR490 significantly inhibited BCSCs (ALDH+ and CD44+/CD24-) and breast cancer (BC) growth at nM concentrations, and subsequently inhibited the colony- and mammosphere-forming abilities of BCSCs and BCs. ASR490 downregulated the expressions of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD: The active form of Notch1) and its downstream effectors Hey1 and HES1. Inhibition of Notch1-NICD facilitated autophagy-mediated growth inhibition by triggering the fusion of autophagosome and autolysosome in BCSCs. ASR490 was found to be non-toxic to healthy cells as compared to existing Notch1 inhibitors. Moreover, oral administration of ASR490 abrogated BCSC and BC tumor growth in the in vivo xenograft models. Together our results indicate that ASR490 is a potential therapeutic agent that inhibits BC tumor growth by targeting and abolishing Notch1 signaling in BCSCs and BC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttara Saran
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Ashish Tyagi
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Penn State Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Penn State Cancer Institute, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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Lee MY. Embryonic Programs in Cancer and Metastasis—Insights From the Mammary Gland. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:938625. [PMID: 35846378 PMCID: PMC9277484 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.938625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is characterized as a reversion of a differentiated cell to a primitive cell state that recapitulates, in many aspects, features of embryonic cells. This review explores the current knowledge of developmental mechanisms that are essential for embryonic mouse mammary gland development, with a particular focus on genes and signaling pathway components that are essential for the induction, morphogenesis, and lineage specification of the mammary gland. The roles of these same genes and signaling pathways in mammary gland or breast tumorigenesis and metastasis are then summarized. Strikingly, key embryonic developmental pathways are often reactivated or dysregulated during tumorigenesis and metastasis in processes such as aberrant proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stem cell potency which affects cellular lineage hierarchy. These observations are in line with findings from recent studies using lineage tracing as well as bulk- and single-cell transcriptomics that have uncovered features of embryonic cells in cancer and metastasis through the identification of cell types, cell states and characterisation of their dynamic changes. Given the many overlapping features and similarities of the molecular signatures of normal development and cancer, embryonic molecular signatures could be useful prognostic markers for cancer. In this way, the study of embryonic development will continue to complement the understanding of the mechanisms of cancer and aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Karami Fath M, Azargoonjahromi A, Kiani A, Jalalifar F, Osati P, Akbari Oryani M, Shakeri F, Nasirzadeh F, Khalesi B, Nabi-Afjadi M, Zalpoor H, Mard-Soltani M, Payandeh Z. The role of epigenetic modifications in drug resistance and treatment of breast cancer. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:52. [PMID: 35764927 PMCID: PMC9238060 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is defined as a biological and molecular heterogeneous disorder that originates from breast cells. Genetic predisposition is the most important factor giving rise to this malignancy. The most notable mutations in breast cancer occur in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Owing to disease heterogeneity, lack of therapeutic target, anti-cancer drug resistance, residual disease, and recurrence, researchers are faced with challenges in developing strategies to treat patients with breast cancer. Results It has recently been reported that epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation and histone modification, as well as microRNAs (miRNAs), have potently contributed to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer. These observations have persuaded researchers to move their therapeutic approaches beyond the genetic framework toward the epigenetic concept. Conclusion Herein we discuss the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying breast cancer progression and resistance as well as various aspects of epigenetic-based therapies as monotherapy and combined with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Kiani
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fateme Jalalifar
- School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Parisa Osati
- Chemical Engineering Department, Fouman Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Fouman, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fateh Shakeri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Nasirzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maysam Mard-Soltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division Medical Inflammation Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Zhang M, Meng M, Liu Y, Qi J, Zhao Z, Qiao Y, Hu Y, Lu W, Zhou Z, Xu P, Zhou Q. Triptonide effectively inhibits triple-negative breast cancer metastasis through concurrent degradation of Twist1 and Notch1 oncoproteins. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:116. [PMID: 34922602 PMCID: PMC8684143 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly metastatic and lethal. Due to a lack of druggable targets for this disease, there are no effective therapies in the clinic. Methods We used TNBC cells and xenografted mice as models to explore triptonide-mediated inhibition of TNBC metastasis and tumor growth. Colony formation assay was used to quantify the tumorigenesis of TNBC cells. Wound-healing and cell trans-well assays were utilized to measure cell migration and invasion. Tube formation assay was applied to access tumor cell-mediated vasculogenic mimicry. Western blot, quantitative-PCR, immunofluorescence imaging, and immunohistochemical staining were used to measure the expression levels of various tumorigenic genes in TNBC cells. Results Here, we showed that triptonide, a small molecule from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, potently inhibited TNBC cell migration, invasion, and vasculogenic mimicry, and effectively suppressed TNBC tumor growth and lung metastasis in xenografted mice with no observable toxicity. Molecular mechanistic studies revealed that triptonide strongly triggered the degradation of master epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing protein Twist1 through the lysosomal system and reduced Notch1 expression and NF-κB phosphorylation, which consequently diminished the expression of pro-metastatic and angiogenic genes N-cadherin, VE-cadherin, and vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Conclusions Triptonide effectively suppressed TNBC cell tumorigenesis, vasculogenic mimicry, and strongly inhibited the metastasis of TNBC via degradation of Twist1 and Notch1 oncoproteins, downregulation of metastatic and angiogenic gene expression, and reduction of NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings provide a new strategy for treating highly lethal TNBC and offer a potential new drug candidate for combatting this aggressive disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-021-01488-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jindan Qi
- School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Qiao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxing Hu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Nandi A, Chakrabarti R. The many facets of Notch signaling in breast cancer: toward overcoming therapeutic resistance. Genes Dev 2021; 34:1422-1438. [PMID: 33872192 PMCID: PMC7608750 DOI: 10.1101/gad.342287.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Nandi et al. revisit the mechanisms by which Notch receptors and ligands contribute to normal mammary gland development and breast tumor progression. The authors also discuss combinatorial approaches aimed at disrupting Notch- and TME-mediated resistance that may improve prognosis in breast cancer patients. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women and is a complex disease with high intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity is a major driving force behind failure of current therapies and development of resistance. Due to the limitations of conventional therapies and inevitable emergence of acquired drug resistance (chemo and endocrine) as well as radio resistance, it is essential to design novel therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis for breast cancer patients. Deregulated Notch signaling within the breast tumor and its tumor microenvironment (TME) is linked to poor clinical outcomes in treatment of resistant breast cancer. Notch receptors and ligands are also important for normal mammary development, suggesting the potential for conserved signaling pathways between normal mammary gland development and breast cancer. In this review, we focus on mechanisms by which Notch receptors and ligands contribute to normal mammary gland development and breast tumor progression. We also discuss how complex interactions between cancer cells and the TME may reduce treatment efficacy and ultimately lead to acquired drug or radio resistance. Potential combinatorial approaches aimed at disrupting Notch- and TME-mediated resistance that may aid in achieving in an improved patient prognosis are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeya Nandi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rumela Chakrabarti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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10
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Humphries B, Wang Z, Yang C. MicroRNA Regulation of Breast Cancer Stemness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3756. [PMID: 33916548 PMCID: PMC8038508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of breast cancer have demonstrated that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs, also known as tumor-initiating cell (TICs)) are central for progression and recurrence. CSCs are a small subpopulation of cells present in breast tumors that contribute to growth, metastasis, therapy resistance, and recurrence, leading to poor clinical outcome. Data have shown that cancer cells can gain characteristics of CSCs, or stemness, through alterations in key signaling pathways. The dysregulation of miRNA expression and signaling have been well-documented in cancer, and recent studies have shown that miRNAs are associated with breast cancer initiation, progression, and recurrence through regulating CSC characteristics. More specifically, miRNAs directly target central signaling nodes within pathways that can drive the formation, maintenance, and even inhibition of the CSC population. This review aims to summarize these research findings specifically in the context of breast cancer. This review also discusses miRNAs as biomarkers and promising clinical therapeutics, and presents a comprehensive summary of currently validated targets involved in CSC-specific signaling pathways in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brock Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhishan Wang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA;
| | - Chengfeng Yang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA;
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11
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Chen H, Feng Z, Li L, Fan L. MicroRNA-9 rescues hyperglycemia-induced endothelial cell dysfunction and promotes arteriogenesis through downregulating Notch1 signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2777-2789. [PMID: 33721156 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. MicroRNAs are potential therapeutic agents to improve hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. This study examined the relationship of miR-9 with Notch1 signaling in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 30 mM glucose concentration. Cell viability including proliferation, adhesion, migration and tube formation was significantly impaired. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot demonstrated that miR-9 expression remarkably decreased and expression of Notch1 and its effectors (Hes1, Hey1, Hey2) were upregulated. Transfection with miR-9 improved cell function, inhibited mRNA and protein expression of Notch1 and its effectors. Although basal expression of the arterial endothelium biomarker Ephrin B2 was almost undetectable in HUVECs, double-label immunofluorescence revealed that transfection with miR-9 upregulated Ephrin B2 expression. By contrast, such protective effects of miR-9 overexpression were eliminated due to use of miR-9 inhibitor. Dual luciferase assay further confirmed a significant inverse correlation between miR-9 and Notch1. In addition, Notch1 overactiviation was mimicked in HUVECs by transfecting with Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1). MiR-9 significantly inhibited NICD1 mRNA expression and alleviated hyperglycemia-induced injury of the NICD1-overexpressing cells. Taken together, our data support upregulating miR-9 expression as a potential therapeutic strategy to antagonize hyperglycemia-induced injury by inhibiting Notch1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Xinquan Road 29#, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Institute of Coronary Heart Disease of Fujian Province, Xinquan Road 29#, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhihai Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Xinquan Road 29#, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Institute of Coronary Heart Disease of Fujian Province, Xinquan Road 29#, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Lieyou Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Xinquan Road 29#, Fuzhou, 350001, China.,Institute of Coronary Heart Disease of Fujian Province, Xinquan Road 29#, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Lin Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Xinquan Road 29#, Fuzhou, 350001, China. .,Institute of Coronary Heart Disease of Fujian Province, Xinquan Road 29#, Fuzhou, 350001, China. .,Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Xinquan Road 29#, Fuzhou, 350001, China. .,Institute of Geriatrics of Fujian Province, Xinquan Road 29#, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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12
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Yeeravalli R, Das A. Molecular mediators of breast cancer metastasis. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2021; 14:275-289. [PMID: 33744312 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence rate of malignancy in women worldwide. A major clinical challenge faced by patients with breast cancer treated by conventional therapies is frequent relapse. This relapse has been attributed to the cancer stem cell (CSC) population that resides within the tumor and possess stemness properties. Breast CSCs are generated when breast cancer cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition resulting in aggressive, highly metastatic, and invasive phenotypes that exhibit resistance towards chemotherapeutics. Metastasis, a phenomenon that aids in the migration of breast CSCs, occurs through any of three different routes: hematogenous, lymphatic, and transcoelomic. Hematogenous dissemination of breast CSCs leads to metastasis towards distant unrelated organs like lungs, liver, bone, and brain causing secondary tumor generation. Activation of metastasis genes or silencing of metastasis suppressor genes often leads to the advancement of metastasis. This review focuses on various genes and molecular factors that have been implicated to regulate organ-specific breast cancer metastasis by defying the available therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Yeeravalli
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Applied Biology, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.
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13
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14
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Liu J, Zhao G, Liu XL, Zhang G, Zhao SQ, Zhang SL, Luo LH, Yin DC, Zhang CY. Progress of non-coding RNAs in triple-negative breast cancer. Life Sci 2021; 272:119238. [PMID: 33600860 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) include miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA. NcRNAs are involved in multiple biological processes, including chromatin remodeling, signal transduction, post-transcriptional modification, cell autophagy, carbohydrate metabolism, and cell cycle regulation. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is notorious for high invasiveness and metastasis, poor prognosis, and high mortality, and it is the most malignant breast cancer, while the effective targets for TNBC treatment are still lacking. NcRNAs act as oncogenes or suppressor genes, as well as promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of TNBC. Here, we reviewed some important miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, their target(s) and molecular mechanisms in TNBC. It is benefited to understand the occurrence and development of TNBC, further some ncRNAs might be potential targets for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, PR China
| | - Xin-Li Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shi-Qi Zhao
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shi-Long Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Li-Heng Luo
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Chen-Yan Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China.
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15
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Das PK, Siddika MA, Asha SY, Aktar S, Rakib MA, Khanam JA, Pillai S, Islam F. MicroRNAs, a Promising Target for Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:69-83. [PMID: 31758333 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00439-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of the stem cell programme in breast cancer is significantly associated with persistent cancer progression and therapeutic failure. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are involved in the process of breast cancer initiation, metastasis and cancer relapse. Among the various important cues found in the formation and progression of BCSCs, microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) play a pivotal role by regulating the expression of various tumour suppressor genes or oncogenes. Accordingly, there is evidence that miRNAs are associated with BCSC self-renewal, differentiation, invasion, metastasis and therapy resistance, and therefore cancer recurrence. miRNAs execute their roles by regulating the expression of stemness markers, activation of signalling pathways or their components and regulation of transcription networks in BCSCs. Therefore, a better understanding of the association between BCSCs and miRNAs has the potential to help design more effective and safer therapeutic solutions against breast cancer. Thus, an miRNA-based therapeutic strategy may open up new horizons for the treatment of breast cancer in the future. In view of this, we present the progress to date of miRNA research associated with stemness marker expression, signalling pathways and activation of transcription networks to regulate the self-renewal, differentiation and therapy resistance properties of BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plabon Kumar Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Ayesha Siddika
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Saharia Yeasmin Asha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Suraiya Aktar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdur Rakib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Jahan Ara Khanam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Suja Pillai
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. .,Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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16
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Poodineh J, Sirati-Sabet M, Rajabibazl M, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S. MiR-130a-3p blocks Wnt signaling cascade in the triple-negative breast cancer by targeting the key players at multiple points. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05434. [PMID: 33225091 PMCID: PMC7662874 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aberrant Wnt signaling cascade is a hallmark of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that is linked with the increased proliferation, invasion, and poor overall survival. many genes are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) therefore; it is indisputable that the dysregulation of the miRNAs is an explanation for the aberrant signaling cascades. Thus, the present study was conducted to find the putative miRNA targeting the key players of Wnt/β -catenin cascade in the TNBC. METHODS The miR-130a-3p was found as a potential regulator of the Wnt signaling cascade by applying several bioinformatic algorithms. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression levels of miR-130a-3p and Wnt cascade genes in the TNBC cells. Afterward, TNBC cells were transiently transfected with the miR-130a-3p to investigate its effects on the expression of Wnt cascade genes. Subsequently, MTT, soft agar colony formation, scratch, transwell cell migration, and transwell cell invasion assays were used to determine the behavior of the TNBC cells in response to miR-130a-3p restoration. RESULTS Results of the qRT-PCR showed downregulation of miR-130a-3p and upregulation of the Wnt cascade genes in the TNBC cells compared to the normal cells. Transient overexpression of miR-130a-3p decreased the expression levels of Wnt cascade genes significantly in the TNBC cells. Moreover, following the miR-130a-3p overexpression, the proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and migration of the TNBC cells were reduced. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings provided an evidence for the significant role of miR-130a-3p in the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin cascade, and also introduced the miR-130a-3p as a new therapeutic target for the patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Poodineh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sirati-Sabet
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rajabibazl
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Downregulation of miR-9 correlates with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153044. [PMID: 32703504 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION microRNAs (miRNAs) are frequently dysregulated in many human cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC) and are useful candidate biomarkers in liquid biopsy of cancer for their stability in the blood. METHODS We compared the expression of microRNA-9 (miR-9) in tissues (n = 357) and sera (n = 109) of CRC patients to determine whether miR-9 in serum reflects that in the cancer tissue in parallel. Also, we examined the miR-9 role in CRC by in vitro functional studies in four CRC cell lines. RESULTS On multivariate analysis of colorectal cancer tissues and sera, miR-9 low expressions were significantly associated pN stage (tissues; p < 0.01, serum; p = 0.013), and clinical stage (tissues; p < 0.01, serum; p = 0.031). Moreover, patients with low miR-9 expression had shorter survival than those with high miR-9 expression (log-rank test, tissue; p = 0.021, serum; p = 0.011). miR-9 level in serum reflects that in the tumor. The CRC cells with low miR-9 expression was significantly increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation than cells with high miR-9 expression. CONCLUSION Serum miR-9 is an useful early detection marker in liquid biopsy of CRC and overexpression of miR-9 in CRC may be a novel prognostic marker as well.
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18
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The miR-582/ CD1B Axis Is Involved in Regulation of Dendritic Cells and Is Associated with Clinical Outcomes in Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4360930. [PMID: 32258122 PMCID: PMC7103041 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4360930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of lung cancer has been extensively studied. However, the potential molecular mechanisms through which the tumor immune response affects drug resistance are still unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated deviations in the immune cell landscape among patients with different stages of lung adenocarcinoma to identify key microRNAs and their targets associated with patient outcomes. CIBERSORT was used for estimating the proportions of immune cells in various lung tissues. Significantly different adaptive and innate immune cell types, including memory B cells, CD8+ T cells, resting dendritic cells, and resting mast cells, were selected. Comparative studies and survival analyses were carried out. We found that potential genes and microRNAs involved in immune responses were associated with patient outcomes. Specifically, miR-582/CD1B, which are involved in resting and activated dendritic cells, may be potential novel biomarkers for immunotherapy. An independent dataset of miRNA microarray profiles was used to validate the expression of mature miR-582-5p in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Alternative treatments, including immunotherapies and chemotherapy, are urgently needed to improve outcomes in patients with lung cancer. Thus, our findings could provide insights into the selection of novel microRNAs targeting immune genes and could improve the efficacy of immunotherapy by disrupting tumor function and promoting immune infiltration in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
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19
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Chrysophanol suppresses growth and metastasis
of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via miR-9/PD-L1 axis. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:273-286. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Abolghasemi M, Tehrani SS, Yousefi T, Karimian A, Mahmoodpoor A, Ghamari A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi M, Kafil HS, Bastami M, Edalati M, Eyvazi S, Naghizadeh M, Targhazeh N, Yousefi B, Safa A, Majidinia M, Rameshknia V. MicroRNAs in breast cancer: Roles, functions, and mechanism of actions. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:5008-5029. [PMID: 31724738 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies in women in the world. Various factors are involved in the development and promotion of the malignancy; most of them involve changes in the expression of certain genes, such as microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs can regulate signaling pathways negatively or positively, thereby affecting tumorigenesis and various aspects of cancer progression, particularly breast cancer. Besides, accumulating data demonstrated that miRNAs are a novel tool for prognosis and diagnosis of breast cancer patients. Herein, we will review the roles of these RNA molecules in several important signaling pathways, such as transforming growth factor, Wnt, Notch, nuclear factor-κ B, phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt, and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abolghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Departmant of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Anesthesiology Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Ghamari
- Anesthesiology Research Team, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Edalati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Paramedical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Eyvazi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naghizadeh
- Departmant of Clinical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Targhazeh
- Student Research Committee, Babol University Of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Safa
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Rameshknia
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Hadavi R, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Razaviyan J, Koochaki A, Kokhaei P, Bandegi A. Expression of Bioinformatically Candidate miRNAs including, miR-576-5p, miR-501-3p and miR-3143, Targeting PI3K Pathway in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Galen Med J 2019; 8:e1646. [PMID: 34466540 PMCID: PMC8343935 DOI: 10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an invasive and lethal form of breast cancer. PI3K pathway, which often activated in TNBC patients, can be a target of miRNAs. The purpose of this study was bioinformatic prediction of miRNAs targeting the key genes of this pathway and evaluation of the expression of them and their targets in TNBC. Materials and Methods We predicted miRNAs targeting PIK3CA and AKT1 genes using bioinformatics tools. Extraction of total RNA, synthesis of cDNA and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed from 18 TNBC samples and normal adjacent tissues and cell lines. Results Our results demonstrated that miR-576-5p, miR-501-3p and miR-3143 were predicted to target PIK3CA, AKT1 and both of these mRNAs, respectively and were down-regulated while their target mRNAs were up-regulated in clinical samples and cell lines. The analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve was done for the evaluation of the diagnostic value of predicted miRNAs in TNBC patients. Conclusion The findings of our study demonstrated the reverse correlation between miRNAs and their target genes and therefore the possibility of these miRNAs to be proposed as new candidates for TNBC targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razie Hadavi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Medical Nanotechnology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Razaviyan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Koochaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Bandegi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Research Center of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Correspondence to: Ahmadreza Bandegi, Damghan Road, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Telephone Number: 33654162-023 Email Address: .
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22
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Bao C, Lu Y, Chen J, Chen D, Lou W, Ding B, Xu L, Fan W. Exploring specific prognostic biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31649243 PMCID: PMC6813359 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lacking of both prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) underscores pivotal needs to uncover novel biomarkers and viable therapies. MicroRNAs have broad biological functions in cancers and may serve as ideal biomarkers. In this study, by data mining of the Cancer Genome Atlas database, we screened out 4 differentially-expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between TNBC and normal samples: miR-135b-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-135b-3p and miR-455-5p. They were specially correlated with the prognosis of TNBC but not non-TNBC. The weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) for potential target genes of 3 good prognosis-related DEmiRNAs (miR-135b-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-135b-3p) identified 4 hub genes with highly positive correlation with TNBC subtype: FOXC1, BCL11A, FAM171A1 and RGMA. The targeting relationships between miR-9-3p and FOXC1/FAM171A1, miR-135b-3p and RGMA were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Importantly, the regulatory functions of 4 DEmiRNAs and 3 verified target genes on cell proliferation and migration were explored in TNBC cell lines. In conclusion, we shed lights on these 4 DEmiRNAs (miR-135b-5p, miR-9-3p, miR-135b-3p, miR-455-5p) and 3 hub genes (FOXC1, FAM171A1, RGMA) as specific prognostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Bao
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yunkun Lu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jishun Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Danni Chen
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Weiyang Lou
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bisha Ding
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Clinical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Weimin Fan
- Program of Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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23
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Zhang Y, Xie ZY, Guo XT, Xiao XH, Xiong LX. Notch and breast cancer metastasis: Current knowledge, new sights and targeted therapy. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2743-2755. [PMID: 31452752 PMCID: PMC6704289 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of invasive cancer in females and metastasis is one of the major causes of breast cancer-associated mortality. Following detachment from the primary site, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) enter the bloodstream and establish secondary colonies during the metastatic process. An increasing amount of studies have elucidated the importance of Notch signaling in breast cancer metastasis; therefore, the present review focuses on the mechanisms by which Notch contributes to the occurrence of breast cancer DTCs, increases their motility, establishes interactions with the tumor microenvironment, protects DTCs from host surveillance and finally facilitates secondary colonization. Identification of the underlying mechanisms of Notch-associated breast cancer metastasis will provide additional insights that may contribute towards the development of novel Notch-targeted therapeutic strategies, which may aid in reducing metastasis, culminating in an improved patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yan Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Tong Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xiao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Li-Xia Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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24
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Shabani N, Sheikholeslami S, Paryan M, Zarif Yeganeh M, Tavangar SM, Azizi F, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Hedayati M. An investigation on the expression of miRNAs including miR-144 and miR-34a in plasma samples of RET-positive and RET-negative medullar thyroid carcinoma patients. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1366-1373. [PMID: 31297834 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a scarce cancerous disease, originating from parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland. MTC can be manifested as an aggressive carcinoma with metastasis, especially in sporadic forms. Mutations of the rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene occurs in all hereditary and a few somatic MTCs, so detection of RET mutations is needed for prompt and appropriate treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory RNAs. Extensive studies have done in progress or suppression of several types of cancers such as MTCs with the remarkable application as prognostic markers. Of the effective miRNAs in cancers, miR-144 and miR-34 were evaluated in our study. Blood samples of 25 RET-positive and 25 RET-negative blood samples of patients with MTC were evaluated for these miRNAs, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Analysis of the results was performed by the 2 -ΔΔCt method, showing that miR-144 and miR-34a expression had a relative increase in patients with MTC compared with normal control samples and also in RET positives versus RET negatives. We recruited 50 out of 350 MTC plasma samples (27 female and 23 male) which were selected based on RET mutation in exon 11 (25 RET-positive and 25 RET-negative), with a mean ± SD age of 37.04 ± 1.74 years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to investigate the prognostic value of these miRNAs; although, they showed no significant prognostic value as MTC biomarkers in plasma samples. In conclusion, miRNAs can be used as biomarkers of cancers such as MTC; however, more studies are needed to find the best candidate miRNAs for the diagnosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Shabani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sheikholeslami
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center (CMERC), Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Zarif Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center (CMERC), Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center (CMERC), Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Hosseini V, Paryan M. Wnt pathway targeting reduces triple-negative breast cancer aggressiveness through miRNA regulation in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18317-18328. [PMID: 30945294 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer, devoid of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression, is deprived of commonly used targeted therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are undergoing a revolution in terms of potentially diagnostic or therapeutic elements. Combining computational approaches, we enriched miRNA binding motifs of Wnt pathway-associated upregulated genes. Our in-depth bioinformatics, in vitro and in vivo analyses indicated that miR-381 targets main genes of the Wnt signaling pathway including CTNNB1, RhoA, ROCK1, and c-MYC genes. The expression level of miR-381 and target genes was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-10A as well as 20 breast cancer samples and normal tissues. Luciferase reporter assay was performed. Lentiviral particles containing miR-381 were used to evaluate the effect of miR-381 restoration on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of the invasive triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cell line and also in a mouse model of breast cancer. The expression of miR-381 was lower than that of normal cells, especially in TNBC cell line and breast tissues. Luciferase assay results confirmed that miR-381 targets all the predicted 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs). Upon miR-381 overexpression, the expression of target genes declined, and the migration and invasion potential of miR-381-receiving MDA-MB-231 cells decreased. In a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer, miR-381 re-expression inhibited the invasion of cancer cells to lung and liver and prolonged the survival time of cancer cell-bearing mice. Therefore, miR-381 is a regulator of Wnt signaling and its re-expression provides a potentially effective strategy for inhibition of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahedeh Hosseini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Sang Z, Jiang X, Guo L, Yin G. MicroRNA‑9 suppresses human prostate cancer cell viability, invasion and migration via modulation of mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 expression. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4407-4418. [PMID: 30896820 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non‑coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post‑transcriptional level. Aberrant expression of miR‑9 has been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of various malignancies. However, its role in prostate cancer (PC) has not been completely clarified. In the present study, miR‑9 expression was examined in different PC cell lines, patient tissues and a mouse model. Cell Counting Kit‑8 and BrdU immunofluorescence assays were performed to assess the effect of miR‑9 on the viability of PC cells, while Transwell and wound‑healing assays were utilized to evaluate the migration and invasion of PC cells expressing miR‑9. Furthermore, a dual‑luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify whether mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (MEKK3) was a direct target of miR‑9. The results demonstrated significant downregulation of miR‑9 expression in different PC cell lines and 31 human PC tissues, as compared with that in a normal prostate cell line and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. By contrast, upregulation of MEKK3 was confirmed in human PC tissue samples, with its level inversely associated with miR‑9 expression. Overexpression of miR‑9 in six different PC cell lines (DU145, LNCaP, 22Rv1, PC‑3, C4‑2B and VCaP) reduced the cell viability and migration. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the 3'‑untranslated region of MEKK3 was a target of miR‑9, and that MEKK3 overexpression prevented the inhibitory effects of miR‑9 on the viability, migration and invasion of PC cells. miR‑9 overexpressing tumor cells also exhibited growth delay in comparison with control tumor cells in vivo. Taken together, the current study findings provided novel insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of PC oncogenesis, which may support the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunmeng Sang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Longfei Guo
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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27
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Evaluation of miRNA-9 and miRNA-34a as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of breast cancer in Iranian women. Gene 2018; 687:272-279. [PMID: 30468908 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs are involved in diverse biological processes and their dysregulation is a common event in various diseases including breast cancer. Breast cancer is a major threat to women's health. This study was designed to examine the expression levels of miR-9 and miR-34a in breast tumor tissue samples and plasma of breast cancer patients, compare their expression pattern between tissue samples and plasma samples of patients and analyze their relationship with tumor clinical features. Also, the potential of these miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of miR-9, miR-34a and CDH1 were measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and ΔΔct method. Data were analyzed using t-test and one-way ANOVA. The sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The expression levels of miR-9 and miR-34a were significantly down-regulated in tumor tissues compared to healthy tissues (fold change = 0.26, p = 0.0051 for miR-9 and fold change = 0.55, p = 0.021 for miR-34a). While no significant difference was observed in the expression levels of miR-9 (p = 0.205) and miR-34a (p = 0.132) in plasma samples of patients compared to normal plasma. CDH1 expression in tumor tissue was not significantly different from normal tissue (p = 0.33). We found that expression level of miR-9 in patients with tumor size larger than 5 cm (p = 0.026) and expression level of miR-34a in patients with higher stage (lll & lV, p = 0.03) were significantly down-regulated. Also miR-34a expression level was positively correlated with patient's age (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION According to the ROC curves, the area under the curve (AUC) of miR-9 in tissue was 0.71 (p = 0.009) with sensitivity 83.33% and specificity 70.37%. The AUC for miR-34a in tissue was 0.72 (p = 0.007) with sensitivity 72% and specificity 76%. Thus miR-9 and miR-34a have the capability for distinguishing tumor tissues from healthy tissues and the study of their expression levels in tissue may be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer patients from healthy women.
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28
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Moradi‐Chaleshtori M, Hashemi SM, Soudi S, Bandehpour M, Mohammadi‐Yeganeh S. Tumor‐derived exosomal microRNAs and proteins as modulators of macrophage function. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7970-7982. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Moradi‐Chaleshtori
- Department of Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Mojgan Bandehpour
- Department of Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi‐Yeganeh
- Department of Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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29
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Sporn JC, Katsuta E, Yan L, Takabe K. Expression of MicroRNA-9 is Associated With Overall Survival in Breast Cancer Patients. J Surg Res 2018; 233:426-435. [PMID: 30502282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-9 (miR-9) was found to play an important role in a variety of different cancers and can adopt either tumor suppressor or oncogenic activity. Most studies have suggested an oncogenic role in breast cancer. We were interested in the relationship of miR-9 expression and survival in breast cancer and hypothesized that high expression of miR-9 was associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas containing genetic and molecular data, clinical profiles, and survival information for 985 breast cancers. Survival analysis was performed comparing a group with low expression of miR-9 to a group with high expression. Expression of miR-9 was compared based on clinicopathological parameters. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed between the miR-9 high- and low-expression groups within the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive cohort. RESULTS Low expression of miR-9 associated significantly with improved overall survival (OS) (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in miR-9 expression with regard to disease-free survival. Smaller and early-stage tumors were associated with lower miR-9 expression. ER-positive breast cancers had lower levels of miR-9 than ER-negative breast cancers (P < 0.001), and within the ER-positive group, miR-9 expression was significantly associated with OS (P = 0.02). Gene set enrichment analysis showed enrichment of estrogen response genes in the miR-9 low-expression group. CONCLUSIONS Low miR-9 expression appeared to have a protective effect and was associated with improved OS, smaller tumors, earlier stage, and ER-positive cancers due to enrichment of estrogen response genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith C Sporn
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eriko Katsuta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York; Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York; Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan; Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
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30
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Zhang Y, Xu B, Zhang XP. Effects of miRNAs on functions of breast cancer stem cells and treatment of breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4263-4270. [PMID: 30100733 PMCID: PMC6065473 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s165156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies for women, which accounts for 30% of all female malignancies. The formation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is attributed to the acquisition of stemness of tumor cells. With self-renewal potential, these stem cells are insensitive to either radiotherapy or chemotherapy but are significant in regulating tumor behaviors and drug resistance. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a kind of noncoding small RNA for negatively regulating gene expressions. Research findings suggest that many miRNAs specifically regulate the expression of target genes and signal pathways of BCSCs. They play an important role in self-renewal, growth, and metastasis of breast cancer cells as potential targets for treating breast cancer. These signal pathways include phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and so on. This paper reviews the progress of research about miRNAs in self-renewal, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, mediation of resistance to chemotherapies, and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Ping Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China,
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31
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Loginov VI, Filippova EA, Kurevlev SV, Fridman MV, Burdennyy AM, Braga EA. Suppressive and Hypermethylated MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418070086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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32
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Evaluation of miRNAs expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma tissue samples: miR-34a and miR-144 as promising overexpressed markers in MTC. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:212-221. [PMID: 29885402 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neoplasia derived from neural parafollicular C cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs with essential roles in the biology of cancers such as MTC and can be applied as diagnostic markers. According to previous studies, miR-144 and miR-34 and their two oncogenes target, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL), were selected for further investigations in our study. Thirty MTC samples as well as thirty adjacent normal thyroid tissues were applied in this study including 28 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) and 2 fresh-frozen MTC samples. RNA extraction and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis were performed for all samples. After primer pairs and probes were designed, real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) method was used, and the results were analyzed using 2-ΔΔCt method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to assess the diagnostic value of the two miRNAs. AXL protein level was measured in all clinical samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Both miRNAs were up-regulated in all clinical samples compared to the normal tissues. AXL was up-regulated in most clinical samples while mTOR was down-regulated in most samples. Furthermore, the level of AXL protein increased. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that increased expression of miR-34a and miR-144 in MTC patients had significant predictive value. The results demonstrated that high expression of miR-144 and miR-34a can be considered as biomarkers of MTC. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the expression of these miRNAs and target genes in MTC clinical samples.
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33
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Baldassari F, Zerbinati C, Galasso M, Corrà F, Minotti L, Agnoletto C, Previati M, Croce CM, Volinia S. Screen for MicroRNA and Drug Interactions in Breast Cancer Cell Lines Points to miR-126 as a Modulator of CDK4/6 and PIK3CA Inhibitors. Front Genet 2018; 9:174. [PMID: 29868122 PMCID: PMC5968201 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) represents the most common cancer in women worldwide. Due to its heterogeneous nature, breast cancer management might benefit from differential treatments toward personalized medicine. Additionally, drug resistance is a common phenomenon. We systematically investigated the effect of 14 different drugs administered on BC cell lines in combination with microRNAs (miRNA, miR). Methods: Thirty-eight miRNAs, all associated with BC by clinical and molecular parameters including progression, prognosis and subtypes, were tested for their effects on the viability of 12 different BC cell lines. Four miRNAs with the strongest impact on viability were further assayed in combination with 14 BC drugs. Mann–Whitney U-test with Bonferroni correction was used for statistical analysis. Results: In a miRNA only pre-screen we observed effects on BC cell lines' viability for 34 out of 38 candidate miRNAs. We then identified 14 miRNA/drug combinations for which the combination IC50 was lower than that of both miRNA and drug as single agents. miR-181a, paired with GSK1070916, Doxorubicin, XL765 and AMG511, was the only miRNA active on the triple negative (TNBC) MDA-MB-468 cell line. miR-126 was the only miRNA (in combination with CDK4/6 or PIK3CA inhibitors) with significant effects on cell lines from different subtypes: MCF7 (Luminal) and MDA-MB-453 (HER2+). Because of its activity on different BC subtypes, we investigated the genome wide effects of miR-126 using transcriptomics and confirmed that expression of miR-126 in BC cell lines affected cell cycle and mitosis. Conclusion: Our results show that a combination treatment with miRNAs, in particular miR-181a, miR-326, miR-9 and miR-126, enhance the activity of specific BC drugs in vitro, even on the most aggressive BC subtypes, HER2+ and TNBC. Finally, as expected from its drug interactions, based on a whole transcriptome study we could confirm a role for miR-126 in cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Baldassari
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Zerbinati
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Galasso
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabio Corrà
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Linda Minotti
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Agnoletto
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Previati
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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34
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Nowek K, Wiemer EA, Jongen-Lavrencic M. The versatile nature of miR-9/9 * in human cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20838-20854. [PMID: 29755694 PMCID: PMC5945517 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
miR-9 and miR-9* (miR-9/9*) were first shown to be expressed in the nervous system and to function as versatile regulators of neurogenesis. The variable expression levels of miR-9/9* in human cancer prompted researchers to investigate whether these small RNAs may also have an important role in the deregulation of physiological and biochemical networks in human disease. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the involvement of miR-9/9* in various human malignancies focusing on their opposing roles in supporting or suppressing tumor development and metastasis. Importantly, it is shown that the capacity of miR-9/9* to impact tumor formation is independent from their influence on the metastatic potential of tumor cells. Moreover, data suggest that miR-9/9* may increase malignancy of one cancer cell population at the expense of another. The functional versatility of miR-9/9* emphasizes the complexity of studying miRNA function and the importance to perform functional studies of both miRNA strands in a relevant cellular context. The possible application of miR-9/9* as targets for miRNA-based therapies is discussed, emphasizing the need to obtain a better understanding of the functional properties of these miRNAs and to develop safe delivery methods to target specific cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nowek
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik A.C. Wiemer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mojca Jongen-Lavrencic
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Hosseini V, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Ghanbarian H, Hashemi SM, Khojasteh A. The power of precise bioinformatics prediction of miRNA:mRNA interactions:miR-4699 as a potential inducer of Wnt signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5960-5969. [PMID: 29574934 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs have attracted interest because of their regulatory effects on gene expression. Experimental detection of potential targets of miRNAs is a laborious task. Considering the expensive techniques of detection, computational approaches for miRNA target prediction can be used as the first step in miRNA research. A large number of tools and algorithms have been developed during the last two decades, led to problems such as confusion in selecting an appropriate tool and false positive or negative results. Therefore, one of the most frequent problems and critical issues of miRNA research is finding a reliable miRNA target prediction tool. In this study, we have proposed a research direction and introduced user-friendly and current databases and tools with the highest accuracy. To verify whether our proposed research direction is practical, we have provided a case example of predicting a miRNA which can target negative regulators of osteogenesis and experimentally evaluated the accuracy of the prediction results by Real-Time PCR and Luciferase assay. The results of RT-qPCR and Luciferase assay indicated a significant decline in expression of Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) and tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) as the key negative regulators of osteogenesis upon overexpression of miR-4699-3p. The results emphasize the validity and importance of accurate in silico investigation as the first step in experimental studies. This is the first report detailing the prediction and validation of miR-4699-3p target genes. We suggest hsa-miR-4699 for further investigation as an osteogenic miRNA for therapeutics purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahedeh Hosseini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Khojasteh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lima JF, Cerqueira L, Figueiredo C, Oliveira C, Azevedo NF. Anti-miRNA oligonucleotides: A comprehensive guide for design. RNA Biol 2018; 15:338-352. [PMID: 29570036 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1445959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. As a consequence of their function towards mRNA, miRNAs are widely associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases, making miRNAs a target for new therapeutic strategies based on the control of their expression. Indeed, numerous works were published in the past decades showing the potential use of antisense oligonucleotides to target aberrant miRNAs (AMOs) involved in several human pathologies. New classes of chemical-modified-AMOs, including locked nucleic acid oligonucleotides, have recently proved their worth in silencing miRNAs. A correct design of a specific AMOs can help to improve their performance and potency towards the target miRNA by increasing for instance nuclease resistance and target affinity. This review outlines the technologies involved to suppress aberrant miRNAs. From the design strategies used in AMOs to its application in novel miRNA-based therapeutics and detection methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Filipa Lima
- a LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering , Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto , R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto , Portugal.,b Biomode 2, S. A., INL - Avda. Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga , Portugal.,c i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , R. Alfredo Allen, Porto , Portugal.,d IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto , Portugal
| | - Laura Cerqueira
- a LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering , Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto , R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto , Portugal.,b Biomode 2, S. A., INL - Avda. Mestre José Veiga s/n, Braga , Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- c i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , R. Alfredo Allen, Porto , Portugal.,d IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto , Portugal.,e FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto , Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- c i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto , R. Alfredo Allen, Porto , Portugal.,d IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto , Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, Porto , Portugal.,e FMUP, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto , Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- a LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering , Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto , R. Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto , Portugal
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Moazzeni H, Najafi A, Khani M. Identification of direct target genes of miR-7, miR-9, miR-96, and miR-182 in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 34:45-52. [PMID: 28546132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Some microRNAs have carcinogenic or tumor suppressive effects in breast cancer, which is the most common cancer in women worldwide. MiR-7 and miR-9 are tumor suppressor microRNAs, which induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in breast cancer cells. Moreover, miR-96 and miR-182 are onco-microRNAs that increase proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis in breast cancer cells. This study aimed to identify the direct target genes of these four microRNAs in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Initially, bioinformatics tools were used to identify the target genes that have binding sites for miR-7, MiR-9, MiR-96, and miR-182 and are also associated with breast cancer. Subsequently, the findings of the bioinformatics analysis relating to the effects of these four microRNAs on the 3'-UTR activity of the potential target genes were confirmed using the dual luciferase assay in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells co-transfected with the vectors containing 3'-UTR segments of the target genes downstream of a luciferase coding gene and each of the microRNAs. Finally, the effects of microRNAs on the endogenous expression of potential target genes were assessed by the overexpression of each of the four microRNAs in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Respectively, three, three, three, and seven genes were found to have binding sites for miR-7, miR-9, miR-96, and miR-182 and were associated with breast cancer. The results of empirical studies including dual luciferase assays and real-time PCR confirmed that miR-7 regulates the expression of BRCA1 and LASP1; MiR-9 regulates the expression of AR; miR-96 regulates the expression of ABCA1; and miR-182 regulates the expression of NBN, TOX3, and LASP1. Taken together, our results suggest that the tumor suppressive effects of miR-7 may be mediated partly by regulating the expression of BRCA1 as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer. In addition, this microRNA and miR-182 may have effects on the nodal-positivity and tumor size of breast carcinoma through the regulation of LASP1. The tumor suppressive functions of miR-9 may be mediated partly by suppressing the expression of AR-an oncogene in breast cancer. Moreover, miR-96 may play an oncogenic role in breast cancer by suppressing the apoptosis through the regulation of ABCA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Moazzeni
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Khani
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Karimkhanloo H, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Ahsani Z, Paryan M. Bioinformatics prediction and experimental validation of microRNA-20a targeting Cyclin D1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698361. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the major form of primary liver cancer, which is the second and sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in men and women, respectively. Extensive research indicates that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which plays a pivotal role in growth, development, and differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma, is one of the major signaling pathways that is dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cyclin D1 is a proto-oncogene and is one of the major regulators of Wnt signaling pathway, and its overexpression has been detected in various types of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma. Using several validated bioinformatic databases, we predicted that the microRNAs are capable of targeting 3′-untranslated region of Cyclin D1 messenger RNA. According to the results, miR-20a was selected as the highest ranking microRNA targeting Cyclin D1 messenger RNA. Luciferase assay was recruited to confirm bioinformatic prediction results. Cyclin D1 expression was first assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in HepG2 cell line. Afterward, HepG2 cells were transduced by lentiviruses containing miR-20a. Then, the expression of miR-20a and Cyclin D1 was evaluated. The results of luciferase assay demonstrated targeting of 3′-untranslated region of Cyclin D1 messenger RNA by miR-20a. Furthermore, 238-fold decline in Cyclin D1 expression was observed after lentiviral induction of miR-20a in HepG2 cells. The results highlighted a considerable effect of miRNA-20a induction on the down-regulation of Cyclin D1 gene. Our results suggest that miR-20a can be used as a novel candidate for therapeutic purposes and a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamzeh Karimkhanloo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ahsani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Paryan
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Andergassen U, Kölbl AC, Mumm JN, Mahner S, Jeschke U. Triple-negative breast cancer: New therapeutic options via signalling transduction cascades. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3055-3060. [PMID: 28440460 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is a highly aggressive type of mammalian carcinoma. It is defined by a rather weak expression of estrogen-, progesterone- and Her2-receptor, and is thus difficult to treat, resulting in low disease-free and overall survival rates of the affected patients. Hence it is important to find new therapeutic options. To this aim we analysed the incidence of some molecules from different signal transduction cascades by immunohistochemistry, which are known to correlate with triple-negative breast cancer, and correlated the expression of these molecules to different tumour traits, such as size, grading, menopausal stage, histology, lymph node affection, remote metastasis formation, and to the incidence of local and lymph node recurrence and metastasis by statistical analysis. Statistically significant correlations were found for a number of tumour characteristics and signalling molecules: HIF1α is correlated to tumour grading, β-catenin to the menopausal state of the patient, and for Notch1 a relation to lymph node affection is seen. In terms of different recurrences, a correlation of β-catenin to metastasis formation and lymph node affection could be shown, as well as coherences between XBP1 and lymph node recurrence, Notch1 and metastasis formation and FOXP3 and the occurrence of local recurrence. The presented results are in accordance with formerly published studies and therefore might comprise opportunities to develop new therapeutical strategies, which could help to handle this aggressive form of breast cancer in a manner, by which side effects would be reduced and therapeutical efficiency is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Andergassen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra C Kölbl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan-Niclas Mumm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
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Roese-Koerner B, Stappert L, Berger T, Braun NC, Veltel M, Jungverdorben J, Evert BO, Peitz M, Borghese L, Brüstle O. Reciprocal Regulation between Bifunctional miR-9/9(∗) and its Transcriptional Modulator Notch in Human Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:207-19. [PMID: 27426040 PMCID: PMC4982985 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells is crucial to assure proper neural development. In this context, Notch signaling is a well-known promoter of stemness. In contrast, the bifunctional brain-enriched microRNA miR-9/9∗ has been implicated in promoting neuronal differentiation. Therefore, we set out to explore the role of both regulators in human neural stem cells. We found that miR-9/9∗ decreases Notch activity by targeting NOTCH2 and HES1, resulting in an enhanced differentiation. Vice versa, expression levels of miR-9/9∗ depend on the activation status of Notch signaling. While Notch inhibits differentiation of neural stem cells, it also induces miR-9/9∗ via recruitment of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD)/RBPj transcriptional complex to the miR-9/9∗_2 genomic locus. Thus, our data reveal a mutual interaction between bifunctional miR-9/9∗ and the Notch signaling cascade, calibrating the delicate balance between self-renewal and differentiation of human neural stem cells. MiR-9/9∗ regulate Notch signaling by targeting NOTCH2 and HES1 Notch directly regulates transcription of the miR-9_2 genomic locus Notch-miR-9 reciprocal regulation calibrates NSC self-renewal and differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Roese-Koerner
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Stappert
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Berger
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Christian Braun
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Monika Veltel
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Jungverdorben
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd O Evert
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lodovica Borghese
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Liu X, Luo Z, Peng H, Jiang H, Xu L. Prognostic role of miR-9 expression in various human malignant neoplasms: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3039-47. [PMID: 27284255 PMCID: PMC4883817 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s98923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that aberrant microRNA expression has the potential to be used for predicting survival and treatment response of malignant neoplasms. In recent years, the role of miR-9 had been investigated in various types of cancers, and it was found that the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Hence, in this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prognostic value of miR-9 in various types of tumors. Eligible studies were identified through a systematic search in PubMed and EMBASE and then were assessed by further quality evaluation. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals for overall survival (OS) were calculated to investigate the association between miR-9 expression and cancer prognosis. The pooled results of eight published studies showed that elevated miR-9 was a predictor of poor survival of various carcinomas, with pooled HR of 3.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.96–4.73) for OS. Subgroup analysis on the basis of tumor type, sample size, and HR estimate also showed that high levels of miR-9 were also significantly correlated with OS. In addition, when the subgroup analyses were grouped by follow-up time, it was found that the elevated expression of miR-9 was associated with a lower long-term survival when the follow-up time was >60 months, but there was no correlation between the outcomes and those patients whose follow-up time was <60 months. Funnel plots and Egger’s tests revealed that there was no obvious publication bias risk in the meta-analysis. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that higher expression level of miR-9 significantly predicted worse OS in various carcinomas and that miR-9 may act as a novel biomarker in the prognosis of malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyan Luo
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Peng
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Park YR, Lee ST, Kim SL, Liu YC, Lee MR, Shin JH, Seo SY, Kim SH, Kim IH, Lee SO, Kim SW. MicroRNA-9 suppresses cell migration and invasion through downregulation of TM4SF1 in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2135-43. [PMID: 26983891 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane-4-L6 family 1 (TM4SF1) is upregulated in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, the mechanism leading to inhibition of the TM4SF1 is not known. In the present study, we investigated the regulation of TM4SF1 and function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in CRC invasion and metastasis. We analyzed 60 colon cancers and paired normal specimens for TM4SF1 and miRNA-9 (miR-9) expression using quantitative real-time PCR. A bioinformatics analysis identified a putative miR-9 binding site within the 3'-UTR of TM4SF1. We also found that TM4SF1 was upregulated in CRC tissues and CRC cell lines. The expression of TM4SF1 was positively correlated with clinical advanced stage and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, a luciferase assay revealed that miR-9 directly targeted 3'-UTR-TM4SF1. Overexpression of miR-9 inhibited expression of TM4SF1 mRNA and protein, wound healing, transwell migration and invasion of SW480 cells, whereas, overexpression of anti-miR-9 and siRNA-TM4SF1 inversely regulated the TM4SF1 mRNA and protein level in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, miR-9 suppressed not only TM4SF1 expression but also MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF expression. In clinical specimens, miR-9 was generally down-regulated in CRC and inversely correlated with TM4SF1 expression. These results suggest that miR-9 functions as a tumor-suppressor in CRC, and that its suppressive effects mediate invasion and metastasis by inhibition of TM4SF1 expression. Our results also indicate that miR-9 might be a novel target for the treatment of CRC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ran Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Teik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Chuan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ro Lee
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Shin
- Department of Nursing Science, Vision University College of Jeonju, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Young Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Yousefnia S, Seyed Forootan F, Seyed Forootan S, Nasr Esfahani MH, Gure AO, Ghaedi K. Activated coagulation time in monitoring heparinized dogs. Am J Vet Res 1981; 10:452. [PMID: 32426267 PMCID: PMC7212408 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are the minor population of breast cancer (BC) cells that exhibit several phenotypes such as migration, invasion, self-renewal, and chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy resistance. Recently, BCSCs have been more considerable due to their capacity for recurrence of tumors after treatment. Recognition of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in stemness phenotypes of BCSCs could be effective for discovering novel treatment strategies to target BCSCs. This review introduces BCSC markers, their roles in stemness phenotypes, and the dysregulated signaling pathways involved in BCSCs such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, PI3K/Akt/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), TGF-β, hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hippo pathway. In addition, this review presents recently discovered molecular mechanisms implicated in chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis of BCSCs. Finally, we reviewed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in BCSCs as well as several other therapeutic strategies such as herbal medicine, biological agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticles, and microRNAs, which have been more considerable in the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Yousefnia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzad Seyed Forootan
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute of Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Farzad Seyed Forootan ;
| | - Shiva Seyed Forootan
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute of Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Osmay Gure
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ali Osmay Gure
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute of Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Kamran Ghaedi ; ;
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