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Cosmin Stan M, Paul D. Diabetes and Cancer: A Twisted Bond. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1354549. [PMID: 38835644 PMCID: PMC11148650 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1354549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the interconnection between various factors related to both cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, and obesity are involved in the development and progression of both diseases but, strong evidence for a direct causal relationship between diabetes and cancer, is lacking. Several studies described a relationship between hyperglycemia and cancer at the cellular, tissular and organismic levels but at the same time recent Mendelian randomization studies proved a significant causal relationship only between hyperglycemia and breast cancer. On the other hand, the association between both hyperinsulinemia and obesity and several cancer types appears to be robust as demonstrated by Mendelian randomized studies. Metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect and excessive glucose consumption by tumors, are discussed, highlighting the potential impact of dietary restrictions, such as fasting and low-carb diets, on tumor growth and inflammation. Recent data indicates that circulating branched-chain amino acids levels, may represent novel biomarkers that may contribute to both better diabetes control and early pancreatic cancer detection. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and shared risk factors between cancer and T2DM can provide valuable insights for cancer prevention, early detection, and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Cosmin Stan
- Emergency County Hospital Rm. Vâlcea, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
- Medical Oncology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Doru Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Laeeq T, Ahmed M, Sattar H, Zeeshan MH, Ali MB. Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors, DPP-4 Inhibitors, and Metformin in Pancreatic Cancer Prevention. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1325. [PMID: 38611003 PMCID: PMC11011099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma is a highly aggressive tumor that usually presents when it has already metastasized. Therapeutic options for cure remain scarce and rely on combination chemotherapy with limited sustainability. Diabetes is considered an important risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer due to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, which result in increased cell proliferation. More than half of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer eventually develop diabetes due to the destruction of insulin-producing cells. The interlinkage of both diseases might identify a possible preventative strategy for reducing the incidence of pancreatic carcinoma. This study reviewed the recent literature on the association between pancreatic cancer risk and SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 RA, DPP-4 inhibitors, and biguanides. There are mixed data regarding the relationship between GLP-1 RA and DPP-4 inhibitors and pancreatic cancer, with some trials suggesting that they might increase the risk. In contrast, studies have mostly revealed that SGLT2 inhibitors have an antiproliferative effect on various tumors, such as liver, pancreatic, prostate, bowel, lung, and breast carcinoma, which might be due to their mechanism of blockage of reabsorption of glucose by cells, lowering the amount of available glucose for the growth of tumor cells. Metformin, the first-line agent for diabetes, has also been shown to be associated with decreasing pancreatic cancer risk and improving prognosis in those who already have the disease. Dedicated trials are needed to further delineate the association of antidiabetic drugs with the risk of pancreatic cancer in the general population, as previous studies have mostly focused on diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooba Laeeq
- Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Maheen Ahmed
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Rd., New Labour Colony, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Hina Sattar
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Rd., New Labour Colony, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Hamayl Zeeshan
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Rd., New Labour Colony, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.H.Z.)
| | - Meher Binte Ali
- Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 827 Linden Ave., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Chauhan P, Paliwal H, Chauhan CS, Paliwal A. PLGA-based microspheres loaded with metformin hydrochloride: Modified double emulsion method preparation, optimization, characterization, and in vitro evaluation. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:997-1006. [PMID: 37708992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The modified solvent removal method was used to encapsulate metformin hydrochloride (MH) within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. The study investigated the effect of varying polymer concentrations on the loading and release of the drug from the microspheres. The encapsulation process involved using a double emulsion method, resulting in microspheres with particle diameters ranging from approximately 4.4μm to 2.7μm. The study achieved high encapsulation efficiencies, ranging from 81% to 90%, with drug loadings ranging from 18% to 11%. The release of the drug from the microspheres followed a biphasic pattern over 24 days, with nearly complete release by the end of the study period. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated that there were no notable differences between PLGA and MH-loaded microspheres, suggesting minimal interactions between MH and PLGA. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to investigate the state of the MH within the microspheres. The results suggested that the MH was dispersed at a molecular level within the spheres and existed in an amorphous state. This amorphous state of the drug may explain the slow and prolonged release observed in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chauhan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Himanshu Paliwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat University, Kherva, India
| | | | - Ankit Paliwal
- Pacific College of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Hu J, Han J, Jin M, Jin J, Zhu J. Effects of metformin on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072904. [PMID: 37355276 PMCID: PMC10314630 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metformin is associated with osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. This study aims to investigate the impacts of metformin therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. METHODS Searches were carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov from database inception to 26 September 2022. Two review authors assessed trial eligibility in accordance with established inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB V.2.0). Data analysis was conducted with Stata Statistical Software V.16.0 and Review Manager Software V.5.3. RESULTS A total of 15 studies with 3394 participants were identified for the present meta-analysis. Our pooled results indicated that metformin had no statistically significant effects on BMD at lumbar spine (SMD=-0.05, 95% CI=-0.19 to 0.09, p=0.47, participants=810; studies=7), at femoral (MD=-0.01 g/cm2, 95% CI=-0.04 to 0.01 g/cm2, p=0.25, participants=601; studies=3) and at hip (MD=0.01 g/cm2, 95% CI=-0.02 to 0.03 g/cm2, p=0.56, participants=634; studies=4). Metformin did not lead to significant change in osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and bone alkaline phosphatase. Metformin induced decreases in N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (MD=-6.09 µg/L, 95% CI=-9.38 to -2.81 µg/L, p=0.0003, participants=2316; studies=7) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (MD=-55.80 ng/L, 95% CI=-97.33 to -14.26 ng/L, p=0.008, participants=2325; studies=7). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that metformin had no significant effect on BMD. Metformin decreased some bone turnover markers as N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen. But the outcomes should be interpreted with caution due to several limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjie Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialei Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Hijazi MA, Gessner A, El-Najjar N. Repurposing of Chronically Used Drugs in Cancer Therapy: A Chance to Grasp. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3199. [PMID: 37370809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancement in drug discovery for cancer therapy, drug repurposing remains an exceptional opportunistic strategy. This approach offers many advantages (faster, safer, and cheaper drugs) typically needed to overcome increased challenges, i.e., side effects, resistance, and costs associated with cancer therapy. However, not all drug classes suit a patient's condition or long-time use. For that, repurposing chronically used medications is more appealing. This review highlights the importance of repurposing anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive drugs in the global fight against human malignancies. Extensive searches of all available evidence (up to 30 March 2023) on the anti-cancer activities of anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive agents are obtained from multiple resources (PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, Drug Bank database, ReDo database, and the National Institutes of Health). Interestingly, more than 92 clinical trials are evaluating the anti-cancer activity of 14 anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive drugs against more than 15 cancer types. Moreover, some of these agents have reached Phase IV evaluations, suggesting promising official release as anti-cancer medications. This comprehensive review provides current updates on different anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive classes possessing anti-cancer activities with the available evidence about their mechanism(s) and stage of development and evaluation. Hence, it serves researchers and clinicians interested in anti-cancer drug discovery and cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Ali Hijazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nahed El-Najjar
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Khodadadi M, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Zarghami N. An update on mode of action of metformin in modulation of meta-inflammation and inflammaging. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:310-322. [PMID: 35067907 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common chronic metabolic condition. Several genetic and environmental factors are involved in developing T2DM. Aging, inflammation, and obesity are the main contributors to the initiation of T2DM. They cause chronic sterile meta-inflammation and insulin resistance, thereby making a person more susceptible to developing T2DM. Metformin, a natural cationic biguanide, is widely used as the first-line treatment of T2DM. The exact action mechanism behind the glucose-lowering effect of metformin is not clear, but, presumably, metformin utilizes a broad spectrum of molecular mechanisms to control blood glucose including decreasing intestinal glucose absorption, inhibition of the hepatic gluconeogenesis, decreasing insulin resistance, etc. Recent studies have shown that metformin exerts its effects through the inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex 1 and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, but it has been identified in the other studies that AMPK is not the sole hub in metformin mode of action or there are other unknown mechanisms which are involved and yet to be explored. Therefore, here, we discuss the updated findings of the mechanism of action of metformin that contributes to the meta-inflammation and inflammaging action. It is proposed that figuring out the precise mechanism of action of metformin could improve its application in the fields of obesity, inflammation, aging, and inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Khodadadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Drug Repurposing for Glioblastoma and Current Advances in Drug Delivery-A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121870. [PMID: 34944514 PMCID: PMC8699739 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults with an extremely poor prognosis. There is a dire need to develop effective therapeutics to overcome the intrinsic and acquired resistance of GBM to current therapies. The process of developing novel anti-neoplastic drugs from bench to bedside can incur significant time and cost implications. Drug repurposing may help overcome that obstacle. A wide range of drugs that are already approved for clinical use for the treatment of other diseases have been found to target GBM-associated signaling pathways and are being repurposed for the treatment of GBM. While many of these drugs are undergoing pre-clinical testing, others are in the clinical trial phase. Since GBM stem cells (GSCs) have been found to be a main source of tumor recurrence after surgery, recent studies have also investigated whether repurposed drugs that target these pathways can be used to counteract tumor recurrence. While several repurposed drugs have shown significant efficacy against GBM cell lines, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) can limit the ability of many of these drugs to reach intratumoral therapeutic concentrations. Localized intracranial delivery may help to achieve therapeutic drug concentration at the site of tumor resection while simultaneously minimizing toxicity and side effects. These strategies can be considered while repurposing drugs for GBM.
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer: Epidemiology, Physiopathology and Prevention. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101429. [PMID: 34680546 PMCID: PMC8533606 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of developing cancer and of dying from it. Both diseases are age-related, contributing to the impact of population aging on the long-term sustainability of health care systems in European Union countries. The purpose of this narrative review was to describe, from epidemiological, pathophysiological and preventive perspectives, the links between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the most prevalent cancers in these patients. Multiple metabolic abnormalities that may occur in type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly obesity, could explain the increased cancer risk. In addition, the effectiveness of drugs commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (e.g., metformin and thiazolidinediones) has been broadly evaluated in cancer prevention. Thus, a better understanding of the links between type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer will help to identify the contributing factors and the pathophysiological pathways and to design personalized preventive strategies. The final goal is to facilitate healthy aging and the prevention of cancer and other diseases related with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are among the main sources of disability and death in the European Union and worldwide.
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Hung WY, Lee WJ, Cheng GZ, Tsai CH, Yang YC, Lai TC, Chen JQ, Chung CL, Chang JH, Chien MH. Blocking MMP-12-modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repurposing penfluridol restrains lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via uPA/uPAR/TGF-β/Akt pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1087-1103. [PMID: 34319576 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) is a crucial factor determining patient survival. Repurposing of the antipsychotic agent penfluridol has been found to be effective in the inhibition of growth of various cancers. As yet, however, the anti-metastatic effect of penfluridol on LADC has rarely been investigated. Herein, we addressed the therapeutic potential of penfluridol on the invasion/metastasis of LADC cells harboring different epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation statuses. METHODS MTS viability, transwell migration and invasion, and tumor endothelium adhesion assays were employed to determine cytotoxic and anti-metastatic effects of penfluridol on LADC cells. Protease array, Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and expression knockdown by shRNA or exogenous overexpression by DNA plasmid transfection were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We found that nontoxic concentrations of penfluridol reduced the migration, invasion and adhesion of LADC cells. Protease array screening identified matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) as a potential target of penfluridol to modulate the motility and adhesion of LADC cells. In addition, we found that MMP-12 exhibited the most significantly adverse prognostic effect in LADC among 39 cancer types. Mechanistic investigations revealed that penfluridol inhibited the urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)/uPA receptor/transforming growth factor-β/Akt axis to downregulate MMP-12 expression and, subsequently, reverse MMP-12-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Subsequent analysis of clinical LADC samples revealed a positive correlation between MMP12 and mesenchymal-related gene expression levels. A lower survival rate was found in LADC patients with a SNAl1high/MMP12high profile compared to those with a SNAl1low/MMP12low profile. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that MMP-12 may serve as a useful biomarker for predicting LADC progression and as a promising penfluridol target for treating metastatic LADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yueh Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Zhou Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chieh Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Hsing Long Road, Section 3, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Qing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Chi-Li Chung
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Hsing Long Road, Section 3, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan.
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Olatunde A, Nigam M, Singh RK, Panwar AS, Lasisi A, Alhumaydhi FA, Jyoti Kumar V, Mishra AP, Sharifi-Rad J. Cancer and diabetes: the interlinking metabolic pathways and repurposing actions of antidiabetic drugs. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:499. [PMID: 34535145 PMCID: PMC8447515 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are regarded as one of the main causes of death and result in high health burden worldwide. The management of cancer include chemotherapy, surgery and radiotherapy. The chemotherapy, which involves the use of chemical agents with cytotoxic actions is utilised as a single treatment or combined treatment. However, these managements of cancer such as chemotherapy poses some setbacks such as cytotoxicity on normal cells and the problem of anticancer drug resistance. Therefore, the use of other therapeutic agents such as antidiabetic drugs is one of the alternative interventions used in addressing some of the limitations in the use of anticancer agents. Antidiabetic drugs such as sulfonylureas, biguanides and thiazolidinediones showed beneficial and repurposing actions in the management of cancer, thus, the activities of these drugs against cancer is attributed to some of the metabolic links between the two disorders and these includes hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress as well as obesity. Furthermore, some studies showed that the use of antidiabetic drugs could serve as risk factors for the development of cancerous cells particularly pancreatic cancer. However, the beneficial role of these chemical agents overweighs their detrimental actions in cancer management. Hence, the present review indicates the metabolic links between cancer and diabetes and the mechanistic actions of antidiabetic drugs in the management of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
| | - Rahul Kunwar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Abhaya Shikhar Panwar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Abdulwahab Lasisi
- Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust, Hermitage Lane, Maidstone, Kent, ME169QQ, UK
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Jyoti Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Garhwal, Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Free State, 205, Nelson Mandela Drive, Park West, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract Concomitantly Supplemented with Chemotherapy Worsens Tumor Progression in Mice with Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092923. [PMID: 34578801 PMCID: PMC8472177 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options. Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with a worse prognosis in those with TNBC. Moringa oleifera (moringa) is a tropical edible plant used for both food and medicinal purposes and found to have anti-obesity and anti-cancer effects in vitro and in preclinical models. The anti-cancer effects of moringa seed extract alone and in combination with chemotherapy were evaluated in immunocompromised female mice with diet-induced obesity bearing MDA-MB-231-derived xenograft tumors. Moringa supplementation protected against high-fat diet- and chemotherapy-induced increases in fasting glucose and improved insulin sensitivity. Moringa supplementation alone did not attenuate tumor growth relative to chemotherapy alone, and in combination worsened tumor progression. Moringa supplementation alone reduced angiogenesis, but this effect was abrogated in combination with chemotherapy. Moringa supplementation may be an effective strategy to improve metabolic health in mice with obesity and TNBC and reduce angiogenesis in tumors, but may have a negative interaction when used as a concurrent complementary therapy. Caution should be taken when considering the consumption of moringa seed extracts while receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. Further investigations of alternative timings of moringa therapy are warranted.
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Protective and therapeutic effects of two novel strains of Lactobacilli on diabetes-associated disorders induced by a high level of fructose. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4333-4340. [PMID: 34080097 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder described as insufficient secretion of insulin in the pancreas or the inability of the existing insulin to function properly. It poses a greater risk on human health as it is considered the base of several diseases. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate two novel strains of Lactobacillus in handling pancreas disorders. 50 BALB/c male mice were divided into five groups; (a) feeding on normal diet only as control group, (b) given 21% fructose in drinking water as diabetes group, (c) feeding on Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain Pro2 (MT505335.1) plus 21% fructose as LR group, (d) feeding on Lactobacillus plantarum strain Pro1 (MT505334.1) plus 21% fructose as LP group and (e) mixture of two strains plus 21% fructose as Mix group. The serum content of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was determined. Pancreases histopathology was examined. Expression of GH, IGF1, and GLP-1 genes was measured in the liver and pancreas by RT-qPCR. Serum content of glucose, ALT, and AST significantly increased in diabetes group, and significantly reduced in (LP) and (Mix) groups compared with control. Pathological changes occurred in the exocrine and endocrine components of the diabetes group pancreas. Besides, islet cells are almost entirely disturbed and acinar cells degenerated. However, in (LP) and (Mix) groups, the pathological changes significantly decreased and became related to the control group. Expression of GH, IGF1, and GLP-1 genes was significantly downregulated in the liver and pancreas of mice given fructose compared with control. Expression of these genes was either significantly upregulated in groups (LP and Mix) or identical to the control group. This study shows that the strain Pro1 (MT505334.1) or a combination of two strains is useful in reducing diabetic risk.
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Rathod CH, Nariya PB, Maliwal D, Pissurlenkar RRS, Kapuriya NP, Patel AS. Design, Synthesis and Antidiabetic Activity of Biphenylcarbonitrile‐Thiazolidinedione Conjugates as Potential α‐Amylase Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chirag H. Rathod
- Research Scholar Department of Chemistry School of Science RK University Rajkot Gujarat India- 360020
| | | | - Deepika Maliwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga Mumbai 400019 India
| | - Raghuvir R. S. Pissurlenkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Goa College of Pharmacy 18th June Road Panaji Goa India- 403001
| | - Naval P. Kapuriya
- Department of Chemistry and Forensic Science Bhakta Kavi Narsinh Mehta University Bilkha Road, Khadia, Junagadh Gujarat India- 362263
| | - Anilkumar S. Patel
- Department of Chemistry Atmiya University Kalawad Road Rajkot Gujarat India- 360005
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14
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Therapeutic Applications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Drug Metformin in Patients with Osteoarthritis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020152. [PMID: 33668426 PMCID: PMC7918864 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common chronic diseases that frequently co-exist. The link between OA and T2DM is attributed to common risk factors, including age and obesity. Several reports suggest that hyperglycemia and accumulated advanced glycosylation end-products might regulate cartilage homeostasis and contribute to the development and progression of OA. Metformin is used widely as the first-line treatment for T2DM. The drug acts by regulating glucose levels and improving insulin sensitivity. The anti-diabetic effects of metformin are mediated mainly via activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is an energy sensing enzyme activated directly by an increase in the AMP/ATP ratio under conditions of metabolic stress. Dysregulation of AMPK is strongly associated with development of T2DM and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we discuss common risk factors, the association between OA and T2DM, and the role of AMPK. We also address the adaptive use of metformin, a known AMPK activator, as a new drug for treatment of patients with OA and T2DM.
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15
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Yung Y, Lee E, Chu HT, Yip PK, Gill H. Targeting Abnormal Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Classical Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020659. [PMID: 33440869 PMCID: PMC7827471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are unique hematopoietic stem cell disorders sharing mutations that constitutively activate the signal-transduction pathways involved in haematopoiesis. They are characterized by stem cell-derived clonal myeloproliferation. The key MPNs comprise chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). CML is defined by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Despite effective cytoreductive agents and targeted therapy, complete CML/MPN stem cell eradication is rarely achieved. In this review article, we discuss the novel agents and combination therapy that can potentially abnormal hematopoietic stem cells in CML and MPNs and the CML/MPN stem cell-sustaining bone marrow microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Autophagy
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease Susceptibility
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/etiology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/pathology
- Myeloproliferative Disorders/therapy
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Stem Cell Niche
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harinder Gill
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2255-4542; Fax: +852-2816-2863
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16
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Therapeutic Effects of 5,7-Dihydroxy-6-Oxoheptadecanoic Acid on Dysglycemia, Dyslipidemia, and Other Complications in Diabetic Rats. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20937203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of 5,7-dihydroxy-6-oxoheptadecanoic acid (DHA) from Tiliacora triandra on rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM was induced with a combination of high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ), and diabetic rats were treated with DHA (25 mg/kg) for 30 days. The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum, and liver biochemical parameters, as well as histological evaluations of the liver and pancreas, were evaluated. Diabetic rats displayed a significant increase in FBG, serum lipid profiles (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), liver function enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine transaminase), creatinine, liver malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents. Furthermore, insulin level and liver antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]) were significantly reduced in the diabetic rats. Whereas, treatment with DHA significantly reduced FBG, serum lipids, liver function enzymes, serum creatinine, liver MDA, and MPO contents. In addition, treatment with DHA significantly increased serum insulin level and liver SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities. In addition, DHA alleviated histopathological changes in the pancreas and liver caused by T2DM. These results portray the antidiabetic and antioxidative properties of DHA and can be considered as a potential treatment for T2DM.
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17
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Fortun S, Schmitzer AR. The chemistry of biguanides: from synthetic routes to applications in organic chemistry. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2019-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this minireview, we discuss the chemistry of biguanides and their applications in catalysis. We present their super basicity as a consequence of their structure, the most efficient ways to synthesize symmetric and unsymmetric functionalized biguanides, and their applications in organic catalysis as triazine precursors and ligands in organometallic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Fortun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Andreea R. Schmitzer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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18
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Kaushik I, Ramachandran S, Prasad S, Srivastava SK. Drug rechanneling: A novel paradigm for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 68:279-290. [PMID: 32437876 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the leading contributors towards global disease burden. According to NIH, cancer incidence rate per year will increase to 23.6 million by 2030. Even though cancer continues to be a major proportion of the disease burden worldwide, it has the lowest clinical trial success rate amongst other diseases. Hence, there is an unmet need for novel, affordable and effective anti-neoplastic medications. As a result, a growing interest has sparkled amongst researchers towards drug repurposing. Drug repurposing follows the principle of polypharmacology, which states, "any drug with multiple targets or off targets can present several modes of action". Drug repurposing also known as drug rechanneling, or drug repositioning is an economic and reliable approach that identifies new disease treatment of already approved drugs. Repurposing guarantees expedited access of drugs to the patients as these drugs are already FDA approved and their safety and toxicity profile is completely established. Epidemiological studies have identified the decreased occurrence of oncological or non-oncological conditions in patients undergoing treatment with FDA approved drugs. Data from multiple experimental studies and clinical observations have depicted that several non-neoplastic drugs have potential anticancer activity. In this review, we have summarized the potential anti-cancer effects of anti-psychotic, anti-malarial, anti-viral and anti-emetic drugs with a brief overview on their mechanism and pathways in different cancer types. This review highlights promising evidences for the repurposing of drugs in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itishree Kaushik
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sharavan Ramachandran
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA.
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19
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Dupommier D, Muller C, Comoy C, Mazerbourg S, Bordessa A, Piquard E, Pawlak M, Piquard F, Martin H, De Fays E, Grandemange S, Flament S, Boisbrun M. New desulfured troglitazone derivatives: Improved synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 187:111939. [PMID: 31838327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major medical threat which cannot be sufficiently addressed by current therapies because of spontaneous or acquired treatment resistance. Besides, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors do not respond to targeted therapies, thus new therapeutic strategies are needed. In this context, we designed and prepared new desulfured troglitazone (TGZ)-derived molecules and evaluated them in vitro for their anti-proliferative activity, with a special focus on triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Optimization of the synthetic strategies and deracemization of the lead compound were performed to give highly active compound 10 with low-micromolar potency. Further studies revealed that this compound triggers apoptosis rather than cell cycle arrest as observed with TGZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claire Muller
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Corinne Comoy
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Eline Piquard
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Manon Pawlak
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Elia De Fays
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France
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20
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Immune-mediated anti-tumor effects of metformin; targeting metabolic reprogramming of T cells as a new possible mechanism for anti-cancer effects of metformin. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 174:113787. [PMID: 31884044 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy-based cancer treatment has revolutionized the era of cancer patients recuperation and it has brought a strong hope to treatment of some types of cancers. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, which has intensely been studied for its anticancer effects, is believed to have positive influences on immune responses against tumor cells. Metformin can affect metabolic pathways within cells mainly through activation of AMPK. Metabolic restriction of tumor microenvironment on effector immune cells is one of the important strategies favoring tumor cells to escape from immunogenic cell death. The metabolism of T cells has an axial role in shaping and supporting immune responses and may have an important role in anticancer immunity, suggesting that the functionality and durability of tumor-specific T cells need sufficient energy and nutrients. Energy biogenesis of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells has become an interesting field of study and it is suggested that activation and maintenance of effector T cell responses in tumor microenvironment may occur by metabolic reprogramming of T cells. AMPK has been noticed as the main intracellular energy sensor and mitochondrial biogenesis key regulator which can control and regulate metabolic reprogramming in immune cells and increase antitumor immunity. Metabolic reprogramming of T cells to overcome metabolic restriction in tumor microenvironment, maiming effector T cell responses against tumor cells, has been noticed by several studies. Here we represent metformin, an AMPK activator, as a new candidate drug for metabolic reprogramming of tumor-specific T cells to increase the efficacy and accountability of cancer immunotherapy.
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21
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Co‐delivery of methotrexate and doxorubicin via nanocarriers of star‐like poly(DMAEMA‐block‐HEMA‐block‐AAc) terpolymers. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Autophagosome accumulation-mediated ATP energy deprivation induced by penfluridol triggers nonapoptotic cell death of lung cancer via activating unfolded protein response. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:538. [PMID: 31308361 PMCID: PMC6629704 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1785-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs mainly trigger apoptosis induction to eliminate malignant cells. However, many cancer cells are chemoresistant because of defective apoptosis induction. Targeting the autophagic pathway is currently regarded as an alternative strategy for cancer drug discovery. Penfluridol, an antipsychotic drug, has been reported to exert oncostatic effects, but the effect of penfluridol on lung cancer remains unknown. Herein, the antitumor activity of penfluridol was determined in vitro in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines using MTS, plate clonogenic, and transwell migration assays and in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft model. Flow cytometry, holotomographic microscopy, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were employed to determine the cell-death phenotype induced by penfluridol in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting and genetic knockdown by small interfering RNA were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms involved in penfluridol-mediated cell death. We uncovered that penfluridol inhibited the viability and motility of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Penfluridol induced nonapoptotic cell death by blocking autophagic flux and inducing accumulation of autophagosome-related protein, light chain 3 (LC3) B-II, in HCC827 and A549 NSCLC cells, and in an A549 orthotopic xenograft tumor model. Autophagosome accumulation-induced cell viability inhibition by penfluridol was mainly attributed to ATP energy deprivation. Moreover, we observed that patients with lung tumors expressing high LC3B had longer overall and disease-free survival times. Mechanistically, upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were critical for penfluridol-induced autophagosome accumulation. Our findings identify that penfluridol acts as an inducer of ER stress and p38 MAPK activation, which led to UPR-mediated nonapoptotic cell death via autophagosome accumulation-caused energy loss. Penfluridol is clinically used for schizophrenia, and our study results strongly support penfluridol as a repurposed drug for treating NSCLC.
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23
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Karimian A, Parsian H, Majidinia M, Rahimi M, Mir SM, Samadi Kafil H, Shafiei-Irannejad V, Kheyrollah M, Ostadi H, Yousefi B. Nanocrystalline cellulose: Preparation, physicochemical properties, and applications in drug delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:850-859. [PMID: 31002901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death all over the world and chemotherapy is an important approach to fight cancer, however, there are many obstacles against successful cancer chemotherapy such as development of multidrug resistance, poor solubility of chemotherapeutic agents and adverse side effects to healthy tissues. An important strategy to overcome these obstacles, is the use of nanotechnology. In recent years, natural polymers such as cellulose and its nanoform structure, nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), have attracted the interest of researchers in the field of nanotechnology and specially drug delivery systems, due to biocompatibility and biodegradability of NCC. Cellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer and changes to NCC by several chemical and mechanical methods. In this review, we mainly focus on the methods for production of NCC, physicochemical properties and medical applications of NCC (e.g. regenerative medicine, replacement of vascular grafts, tissue engineering, anti-bacterial/anti-viral applications, diagnosis and biosensing) with a special emphasize on drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahimi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mir
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Maryam Kheyrollah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Nour Danesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ostadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Nour Danesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of medical sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
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24
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Rahimi M, Karimian R, Noruzi EB, Ganbarov K, Zarei M, Kamounah FS, Yousefi B, Bastami M, Yousefi M, Samadi Kafil H. Needle-shaped amphoteric calix[4]arene as a magnetic nanocarrier for simultaneous delivery of anticancer drugs to the breast cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2619-2636. [PMID: 31043778 PMCID: PMC6472283 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s194596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy as an important tool for cancer treatment faces many obstacles such as multidrug resistance and adverse toxic effects on healthy tissues. Drug delivery systems has opened a new window to overcome these problems. There has been a strong interest development of new platform and system for delivof chemotherapeutic agents. PURPOSE In the present study, a green synthesis method was chosen and performed for preparation of a novel amphoteric calix[4]arene (Calix) macrocycle with low toxicity to the human body. MATERIALS AND METHODS The amphoteric Calix was coated on the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles and used as a magnetic nanocarrier for simultaneous delivery of two anticancer agents, doxorubicin and methotrexate, against MCF7 cancer cells. Several chemical characterizations were done for validation of prepared nanocarrier, and in vitro loading and release studies of drugs were performed with good encapsulation efficiency. RESULTS In vitro biological studies including hemolysis assay, erythrocytes sedimentation rate, red blood cells aggregation, cyto cellular internalization, and apoptosis evaluations were performed. Based on results, the developed nanocarrier has many advantages and capability for an efficient codelivery of DOX and MTX, which has a highly potent ability to kill cancer cells. CONCLUSION All these results persuade us, this nanocarrier could be effectively used for cancer therapy of MCF7 breast cancer cells and is suitable for use in further animal studies in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rahimi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,
| | - Ramin Karimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems biology and poisonings institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
| | - Ehsan Bahojb Noruzi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khudaverdi Ganbarov
- Department of Microbiology, Baku State University, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,
| | - Fadhil S Kamounah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen. Denmark
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,
| | - Milad Bastami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,
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25
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Polyelectrolyte Carboxymethyl Cellulose for Enhanced Delivery of Doxorubicin in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells: Toxicological Evaluations in Mice Model. Pharm Res 2019; 36:68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Metformin; an old antidiabetic drug with new potentials in bone disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1593-1601. [PMID: 30551413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus especially type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing all over the world. In addition to cardiomyopathy and nephropathy, diabetics are at higher risk of mortality and morbidity due to greater risk of bone fractures and skeletal abnormalities. Patients with diabetes mellitus have lower bone quality in comparison to their non-diabetic counterparts mainly because of hyperglycemia, toxic effects of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) on bone tissue, and impaired bone microvascular system. AGEs may also contribute to the development of osteoarthritis further to osteoporosis. Therefore, glycemic control in diabetic patients is vital for bone health. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, has been shown to improve bone quality and decrease the risk of fractures in patients with diabetes in addition to glycemic control and improving insulin sensitivity. AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), the key molecule in metformin antidiabetic mechanism of action, is also effective in signaling pathways involved in bone physiology. This review, discusses the molecules linking diabetes and bone turnover, role of AMPK in bone metabolism, and the effect of metformin as an activator of AMPK on bone disorders and malignancies.
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27
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Bertinat R, Westermeier F, Gatica R, Nualart F. Sodium tungstate: Is it a safe option for a chronic disease setting, such as diabetes? J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:51-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bertinat
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA Bio‐Bio Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
| | - Francisco Westermeier
- Department of Health Studies Institute of Biomedical Science, FH JOANNEUM Gesellschaft mbH University of Applied Sciences Graz Austria
- Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián Santiago Chile
| | - Rodrigo Gatica
- Laboratorio de Patología Veterinaria Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada, CMA Bio‐Bio Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción Concepción Chile
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28
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Rahimi M, Shafiei-Irannejad V, D Safa K, Salehi R. Multi-branched ionic liquid-chitosan as a smart and biocompatible nano-vehicle for combination chemotherapy with stealth and targeted properties. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 196:299-312. [PMID: 29891300 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A possible approach for clinical cancer treatment is combination chemotherapy. To address this issue, many anticancer agents have been used simultaneously to achieve synergistic effects with the different mechanism of actions, however, their toxic side effects are still a big challenge. In this study, a smart, biocompatible, magnetic nanocarrier composed of multi-branched ionic liquid-chitosan grafted mPEG was designed and used for targeted multidrug delivery of DOX and MTX as model anticancer agents to MCF7 breast cancer cells. The results of hemolysis assay on human red blood cells and cytotoxicity studies indicated that blank nanocarrier has no significant hemolytic and cytotoxic effects in MCF7 cells as observed in the results of MTT assay, however, drugs-loaded nanocarrier could decrease the viability of MCF7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. To further simulate the interaction of nanocarrier with plasma proteins, the SDS-PAGE assay was performed after the nanocarrier was incubated with human plasma and the results indicated that a series of proteins were attached to the surface of nanocarrier leading protein-particle corona complex. This complex gives a stealth property as well as increasing cellular uptake process due to the presence of proteins acting as ligands for receptors in the surface of cancer cells that are suitable for drug delivery systems. The efficiency of dual-drug delivery was also confirmed by cellular uptake and DAPI staining. All these results persuade us, this nanocarrier is suitable for use in further animal studies in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rahimi
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran
| | - Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Drug Applied Research Centre, School of Advanced Medical Science, and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kazem D Safa
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran.
| | - Roya Salehi
- Drug Applied Research Centre, School of Advanced Medical Science, and Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Reversion of Multidrug Resistance by Co-Encapsulation of Doxorubicin and Metformin in Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-d-α-tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate Nanoparticles. Pharm Res 2018; 35:119. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fortun S, Schmitzer AR. Synthesis and Characterization of Biguanide and Biguanidium Surfactants for Efficient and Recyclable Application in the Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1889-1896. [PMID: 31458501 PMCID: PMC6641416 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis and thorough characterization of a new family of alkylbiguanides and alkylbiguanidium chlorides by 1H and 13C NMR and X-ray diffraction. Their critical micelle concentration was first determined by surface tension measurements. Hexylbiguanide was then studied as a surfactant in the micellar Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The unexpected low reactivity of the system at high Pd/hexylbiguanide ratios was due to the change of the size and the shape of the aggregates, observed by transmission electron microscopy. The best catalytic activity was obtained for a 1:1 Pd/hexylbiguanide ratio for which the micellar conditions were conserved. Better results were obtained for several substrates, when compared to those previously obtained with metformin under the same reaction conditions. Higher yields and a better recyclability were obtained under micellar conditions with hexylbiguanide.
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Rahimi M, Karimian R, Mostafidi E, Bahojb Noruzi E, Taghizadeh S, Shokouhi B, Kafil HS. Highly branched amine-functionalized p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene decorated with human plasma proteins as a smart, targeted, and stealthy nano-vehicle for the combination chemotherapy of MCF7 cells. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01790e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has recently emerged as a promising field for biomedical applications, especially the targeted delivery of drugs to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Rahimi
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz 5166614766
- Iran
| | - Ramin Karimian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center
- Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute
- Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Elmira Mostafidi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Ehsan Bahojb Noruzi
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Sepehr Taghizadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
| | - Behrooz Shokouhi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Iran
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Liu Y, Jin PP, Sun XC, Hu TT. Thiazolidinediones and risk of colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:75-81. [PMID: 29637913 PMCID: PMC5900477 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_295_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS A growing body of evidence has suggested that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) potentially reduce the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of TZDs on CRC risk in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases was performed for studies evaluating the exposure to TZDs and reporting CRC risk in diabetic patients. Pooled estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using fixed or random effects models. RESULTS A total of 10 observational studies reporting more than 18,972 CRC cases in 2,470,768 DM patients were included. Meta-analysis showed a 9% reduction in CRC risk associated with TZDs use in all studies [relative risk (RR) =0.91, 95% CI = 0.84-0.99, P = 0.03] and cohort studies (RR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80-0.99, P = 0.04), respectively. However, such effect was not shown in case-control studies. In subgroup analyses, lower CRC risk was found in Asian population (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.29-0.53, P = 0.00), and a trend toward lower CRC risk was observed in US population (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.88-1.01, P = 0.08). CRC risk was significantly modified with non-pioglitazone TZD use (RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82-0.95, P = 0.00), but not with pioglitazone use (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.89-1.01, P = 0.11). No significant difference was observed with cancer site (colon or rectum). There was considerable inherent heterogeneity across studies, partly explained by study location. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis supports a protective association between TZDs use and CRC risk in patients with DM. Future well-designed prospective studies with larger cohorts would be needed to understand this association better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Piao-Piao Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Cheng Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ting-Ting Hu, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. E-mail:
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Asgharzadeh F, Tanomand A, Ashoori MR, Asgharzadeh A, Zarghami N. Investigating the effects of Lactobacillus casei on some biochemical parameters in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2017.1378460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feizollah Asgharzadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Tanomand
- Department of Microbiology, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ashoori
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Asgharzadeh
- Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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