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Oliván-Gonzalvo G. Growth and pubertal development in girls adopted from China: 15-year follow-up. An Pediatr (Barc) 2023; 99:136-138. [PMID: 37419706 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
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Street ME, Ponzi D, Renati R, Petraroli M, D’Alvano T, Lattanzi C, Ferrari V, Rollo D, Stagi S. Precocious puberty under stressful conditions: new understanding and insights from the lessons learnt from international adoptions and the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1149417. [PMID: 37201098 PMCID: PMC10187034 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1149417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuro-biological variations in the timing of sexual maturation within a species are part of an evolved strategy that depend on internal and external environmental conditions. An increased incidence of central precocious puberty (CPP) has been described in both adopted and "covid-19 pandemic" children. Until recently, it was hypothesised that the triggers for CPP in internationally adopted children were likely to be better nutrition, greater environmental stability, and improved psychological wellbeing. However, following data collected during and after the coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic, other possibilities must be considered. In a society with high levels of child wellbeing, the threat to life presented by an unknown and potentially serious disease and the stressful environment created by lockdowns and other public health measures could trigger earlier pubertal maturation as an evolutionary response to favour early reproduction. The main driver for increased rates of precocious and rapidly progressive puberty during the pandemic could have been the environment of "fear and stress" in schools and households. In many children, CPP may have been triggered by the psychological effects of living without normal social contact, using PPE, being near adults concerned about financial and other issues and the fear of getting ill. The features and time of progression of CPP in children during the pandemic are similar to those observed in adopted children. This review considers the mechanisms regulating puberty with a focus on neurobiological and evolutionary mechanisms, and analyses precocious puberty both during the pandemic and in internationally adopted children searching for common yet unconsidered factors in an attempt to identify the factors which may have acted as triggers. In particular, we focus on stress as a potential factor in the early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and its correlation with rapid sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabeth Street
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Paediatrics, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maria Elisabeth Street,
| | - Davide Ponzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Renati
- Department of Pedagogy, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maddalena Petraroli
- Unit of Paediatrics, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziana D’Alvano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Paediatrics, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Lattanzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Unit of Paediatrics, P. Barilla Children’s Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Vittorio Ferrari
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Dolores Rollo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Stagi
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliero Univesitaria Meyer IRCCS, Florence, Italy
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Milushkina OY, Popov VI, Skoblina NA, Bokareva NA, Astashkevich EV, Zakharova AA, Skoblina EV. The influence of migration factor on the establishment of menstrual function in girls. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2022.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The problems of migration are becoming increasingly important and have primary impact on women’s and children’s health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of migration factor on the establishment of menstrual function in girls. The study enrolled 1,222 female undergraduate students of Moscow universities, born in 1995–2000, of diverse ethnicity. The data were collected in 2015–2020 by questionnaire method. The main group included 322 students classified as migrants and the comparison group included 900 students of local origin (Muscovites). Statistical processing of the data was carried out using Statistica 10.0 package (StatSoft; USA). Mean age at menarche constituted 151.35 ± 1.20 months in migrants and 150.88 ± 1.06 months in Muscovites (p > 0.05). For all participants, menarcheal age fell within the range of 11–15 years (normal). Other parameters of menstrual function were also similar between the groups and comparable to corresponding data collected in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- OYu Milushkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - VI Popov
- Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - NA Skoblina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - NA Bokareva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - EV Astashkevich
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - AA Zakharova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - EV Skoblina
- Institute for Demographic Research of the Federal Research Sociological Center RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Colich NL, Rosen ML, Williams ES, McLaughlin KA. Biological aging in childhood and adolescence following experiences of threat and deprivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 2020; 146:721-764. [PMID: 32744840 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Life history theory argues that exposure to early life adversity (ELA) accelerates development, although existing evidence for this varies. We present a meta-analysis and systematic review testing the hypothesis that ELA involving threat (e.g., violence exposure) will be associated with accelerated biological aging across multiple metrics, whereas exposure to deprivation (e.g., neglect, institutional rearing) and low-socioeconomic status (SES) will not. We meta-analyze 54 studies (n = 116,010) examining associations of ELA with pubertal timing and cellular aging (telomere length and DNA methylation age), systematically review 25 studies (n = 3,253) examining ELA and neural markers of accelerated development (cortical thickness and amygdala-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity) and evaluate whether associations of ELA with biological aging vary according to the nature of adversity experienced. ELA overall was associated with accelerated pubertal timing (d = -0.10) and cellular aging (d = -0.21), but these associations varied by adversity type. Moderator analysis revealed that ELA characterized by threat was associated with accelerated pubertal development (d = -0.26) and accelerated cellular aging (d = -0.43), but deprivation and SES were unrelated to accelerated development. Systematic review revealed associations between ELA and accelerated cortical thinning, with threat-related ELA consistently associated with thinning in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and deprivation and SES associated with thinning in frontoparietal, default, and visual networks. There was no consistent association of ELA with amygdala-PFC connectivity. These findings suggest specificity in the types of early environmental experiences associated with accelerated biological aging and highlight the importance of evaluating how accelerated aging contributes to health disparities and whether this process can be mitigated through early intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Stagi S, Papacciuoli V, Boiro D, Maggioli C, Ndambao NN, Losi S, Chiappini E, Toni S, Ndiaye O. Auxological and endocrinological features in internationally adopted children. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:82. [PMID: 32522220 PMCID: PMC7288436 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In internationally adopted children disorders of linear growth, puberty development, thyroid function, and bone metabolism are frequently reported. It is important that these children receive careful auxological and endocrinological evaluations and follow-up.Pediatricians and other healthcare providers should be aware that auxological and endocrinological problems are common in newly arrived international adoptees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stagi
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Valeria Papacciuoli
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Djibril Boiro
- Service Universitaire de Pediatrie, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Chiara Maggioli
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Losi
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Chiappini
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Toni
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Ousmane Ndiaye
- Service Universitaire de Pediatrie, UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
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Canelón SP, Boland MR. A Systematic Literature Review of Factors Affecting the Timing of Menarche: The Potential for Climate Change to Impact Women's Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051703. [PMID: 32150950 PMCID: PMC7084472 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Menarche is the first occurrence of a woman’s menstruation, an event that symbolizes reproductive capacity and the transition from childhood into womanhood. The global average age for menarche is 12 years and this has been declining in recent years. Many factors that affect the timing menarche in girls could be affected by climate change. A systematic literature review was performed regarding the timing of menarche and four publication databases were interrogated: EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Cochrane Reviews. Themes were identified from 112 articles and related to environmental causes of perturbations in menarche (either early or late), disease causes and consequences of perturbations, and social causes and consequences. Research from climatology was incorporated to describe how climate change events, including increased hurricanes, avalanches/mudslides/landslides, and extreme weather events could alter the age of menarche by disrupting food availability or via increased toxin/pollutant release. Overall, our review revealed that these perturbations in the timing of menarche are likely to increase the disease burden for women in four key areas: mental health, fertility-related conditions, cardiovascular disease, and bone health. In summary, the climate does have the potential to impact women’s health through perturbation in the timing of menarche and this, in turn, will affect women’s risk of disease in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia P. Canelón
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ;
| | - Mary Regina Boland
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ;
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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Gunnar MR, Reid BM. Early Deprivation Revisited: Contemporary Studies of the Impact on Young Children of Institutional Care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-085013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is clear evidence that early deprivation in the form of early institutional care affects children both immediately and long after they are removed from the institution. This article reviews the modern literature on the impact of institutional care from animal models to longitudinal studies in humans. Importantly, we examine the current understanding of neuroendocrine regulation in the context of early deprivation. We discuss the opportunities and limitations of studying the effects of deprivation in previously institutionalized children, review behavioral findings and related neurobiological studies, and address the physical health ramifications of institutional care. Finally, we touch on future directions for both science and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;,
| | - Brie M. Reid
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA;,
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Bortone B, Totaro C, Putignano P, Sollai S, Galli L, de Martino M, Chiappini E. Auxo-endocrinological features in a cohort of internationally adopted children in Italy. World J Pediatr 2019; 15:297-305. [PMID: 30783950 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-019-00233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally adopted children (IAC) can present growth impairment at arrival, which usually recovers over time. Moreover, a major prevalence of precocious puberty has been reported in this group. METHODS All IAC referred to a tertiary level hospital in Italy from January 2016 to June 2017, underwent a standardized screening protocol and were prospectively enrolled in the study. The analyses of possible risk factors for growth impairment and precocious puberty were performed. RESULTS Overall, 422 children were included (males 59.5%), with median age of 6.5 years (IQR 9.4-3.9), 29.9% adopted from Europe, 26.8% from Asia, 23.9% from Africa and 19.4% from Latin America. Children were in Italy from a median of 75 days (IQR 137.0-38.7). Stunting was observed in 12.9% of children, wasting in 4.3%, underweight in 12.9%. Precocious puberty was diagnosed in 2.2% of children. 17.1% IAC had diagnosis of special needs. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders represented the 41.7% of children with special needs and 48.1% of Russian children. Independent predictive factors for stunting were age < 5 years, a diagnosis of special need and having been living in Italy for < 60 days since the arrival. CONCLUSION Stunting among IAC is a frequent finding especially in children < 5 years and in those with special needs, independently from their geographical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bortone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anne Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Camilla Totaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anne Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Pasqua Putignano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anne Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Sollai
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anne Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa Galli
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anne Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maurizio de Martino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anne Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Chiappini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Anne Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy. .,Department of Pediatrics, Anne Meyer Children's University Hospital, Viale Pieraccini, 24, 50100, Florence, Italy.
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9
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Dorn LD, Hostinar CE, Susman EJ, Pervanidou P. Conceptualizing Puberty as a Window of Opportunity for Impacting Health and Well-Being Across the Life Span. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:155-176. [PMID: 30869846 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We promote the perspective that puberty, a separate biological process embedded in adolescence, is a "window of opportunity" for understanding and impacting health and development. First, we include a brief overview of pubertal change. Second, we propose a critical role for puberty in shaping life span health due to its connections with early life precursors, health issues and risks emerging during puberty, and health in young adulthood and beyond. Next, we discuss the importance of puberty measures in developmental research and suggest ways to make the science of puberty an important standalone research entity, as well as an essential component of studies conducted during adolescence. Finally, we discuss measurement issues, novel theoretical models of puberty, and the necessity of adopting an interdisciplinary perspective in research on puberty and in adolescence more broadly.
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Manzano Nieves G, Schilit Nitenson A, Lee HI, Gallo M, Aguilar Z, Johnsen A, Bravo M, Bath KG. Early Life Stress Delays Sexual Maturation in Female Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:27. [PMID: 30863281 PMCID: PMC6399387 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, some forms of early life stress (ELS) have been linked with precocious puberty, altered brain maturation, and increased risk for a variety of forms of pathology. Interestingly, not all forms of ELS have been found to equally impact these metrics of maturation. In recent work, we have found that ELS in the form of limited bedding (LB) from P4 to P11, was associated with precocious hippocampus maturation in males and increased risk for depressive-like pathology and attentional disturbance in female mice. Here, we sought to test whether ELS in the form of LB also impacted the timing of sexual maturation in female mice. To establish rate of somatic and sexual development, distinct cohorts of mice were tested for weight gain, timing of vaginal opening, and development of estrous cycling. ELS animals weighed significantly less than controls at every timepoint measured. Onset of vaginal opening was tracked from P21 to 40, and ELS was found to significantly delay the onset of vaginal opening. To test the impact of ELS on estrous cycle duration and regularity, vaginal cytology was assessed in independent groups of animals using either a continuous sampling (daily from P40 to P57) or random sampling approach (single swab at P35, P50, or P75). ELS did impact measures of estrous cycling, but these effects were dependent upon the sampling method used. We also tested the impact of ELS on anxiety-like behaviors over development and across the estrous cycle. We observed a developmental increase in anxiety-like behavior in control but not ELS mice. No effect of estrous cycle stage was found on anxiety-like behavior for either group of mice. Together these results provide evidence that ELS in the form of LB delays somatic and sexual development. Additional work will be required to determine the mechanism by which ELS impacts these measures, and if these effects are common to other models of ELS in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye-In Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Meghan Gallo
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zachary Aguilar
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Angelica Johnsen
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Marilyn Bravo
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kevin G Bath
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Johnson DE, Tang A, Almas AN, Degnan KA, McLaughlin KA, Nelson CA, Fox NA, Zeanah CH, Drury SS. Caregiving Disruptions Affect Growth and Pubertal Development in Early Adolescence in Institutionalized and Fostered Romanian Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pediatr 2018; 203:345-353.e3. [PMID: 30172435 PMCID: PMC6271564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of foster care vs institutional care, as well as disruptions in the caregiving environment on physical development through early adolescence. STUDY DESIGN This was a randomized controlled trial of 114 institutionalized, though otherwise healthy, children from 6 orphanages and 51 never institutionalized control children living in birth families (family care group) in Bucharest, Romania. Children were followed from baseline (21 months, range 5-31) through age 12 years for caregiving disruptions and growth trajectories and through age 14 years for pubertal development. RESULTS Children randomized to the foster care group showed greater rates of growth in height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) through age 12 years than institutionalized group. Tanner development was delayed in institutionalized group boys compared with foster care group and family care group boys at 12 but not 14 years. There were no differences in Tanner development and age of menarche among foster care group, institutionalized group, and family care group girls at ages 12 and 14 years. More disruptions in caregiving between 30 months and 12 years moderated decreases in growth rates of height in foster care group and weight in foster care group and institutionalized group across age. institutionalized group boys with ≥2 disruptions showed lower Tanner scores at age 12 vs institutionalized group and foster care group boys with <2 disruptions. foster care group girls with ≥2 disruptions had higher Tanner scores at age 14 vs foster care group girls with <2 disruptions. Age of menarche was not affected by caregiving disruptions. CONCLUSIONS For children who experienced early institutionalization, stable placement within family care is essential to ensuring the best outcomes for physical developmental. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00747396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E Johnson
- Division of Neonatology and Global Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minnesota, MN.
| | - Alva Tang
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Alisa N Almas
- The Human Early Learning Partnership, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Kathryn A Degnan
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
| | | | - Charles A Nelson
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Charles H Zeanah
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Stacy S Drury
- Department of Psychiatry, Tulane University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA
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Reid BM, Miller BS, Dorn LD, Desjardins C, Donzella B, Gunnar M. Early growth faltering in post-institutionalized youth and later anthropometric and pubertal development. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:278-284. [PMID: 28170387 PMCID: PMC5552432 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundEarly-life adversity that increases the risk of growth stunting is hypothesized to increase the risk of obesity and, in girls, early-onset puberty. This hypothesis was tested in children adopted from orphanages.MethodsPost-institutionalized (PI) youth were compared with youth reared in comparable families (non-adopted; NA) on height, weight, pubertal stage, and fat mass (127 PI, 80 female; 156 NA, 85 female, aged 7-14 years). Anthropometric findings at adoption were obtained from first US clinic visits.ResultsOverall, 25% of PI youth were height-stunted (<3rd percentile) at adoption. Years post adoption, PI youth had lower BMI-for-age (P=0.004), height-for-age (P<0.001), and less body fat (P<0.001) than NA youth had, but they did not differ by sex. Pubertal status did not differ by group or sex. The anthropometric findings held when the stunted-at-adoption subset was examined; they were also less likely to be in central puberty than other PI youth.ConclusionEarly deprived orphanage care increases the risk of growth stunting but not obesity in children adopted into US families, and it does not independently contribute to early-onset puberty for PI girls. The role of the environment following early adversity may modify the impact of early adverse care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brie M. Reid
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,Corresponding Author: Brie M. Reid, Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, 51 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN 55455, 847-271-7862,
| | - Bradley S. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lorah D. Dorn
- College of Nursing and Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Desjardins
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bonny Donzella
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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