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McWhorter LG, Christofferson J, Neely T, Hildenbrand AK, Alderfer MA, Randall A, Kazak AE, Sood E. Parental post-traumatic stress, overprotective parenting, and emotional and behavioural problems for children with critical congenital heart disease. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:738-745. [PMID: 34365986 PMCID: PMC8825886 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121002912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine relationships amongst parental post-traumatic stress symptoms, parental post-traumatic growth, overprotective parenting, and child emotional/behavioural problems in families of children with critical CHD. METHOD Sixty parents (15 fathers) of children aged 1-6 completed online questionnaires assessing parental post-traumatic stress symptoms and post-traumatic growth, overprotective parenting, and child emotional/behavioural problems. Bivariate correlations and mediational analyses were conducted to evaluate overprotective parenting as a mediator of the association between parental post-traumatic stress symptoms and child emotional/behavioural problems. RESULTS Parents reported significant post-traumatic stress symptoms, with over 18% meeting criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder and 70% meeting criteria in one or more clusters. Parental post-traumatic growth was positively correlated with intrusion (r = .32, p = .01) but it was not associated with other post-traumatic stress symptom clusters. Parental post-traumatic stress symptoms were positively associated with overprotective parenting (r = .37, p = .008) and total child emotional/behavioural problems (r = .29, p = .037). Overprotective parenting was positively associated with total child emotional/behavioural problems (r = .45, p = .001) and fully mediated the relationship between parental post-traumatic stress symptoms and child emotional/behavioural problems. CONCLUSION Overprotective parenting mediates the relationship between parental post-traumatic stress symptoms and child emotional and behavioural problems in families of children with CHD. Both parental post-traumatic stress symptoms and overprotective parenting may be modifiable risk factors for poor child outcomes. This study highlights the need for interventions to prevent or reduce parental post-traumatic stress symptoms and to promote effective parenting following a diagnosis of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda G McWhorter
- Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Institute for Graduate Clinical Psychology, College of Health and Human Services, Widener University, Chester, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Christofferson
- Department of Research, Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Trent Neely
- Brothers by Heart/Sisters by Heart, El Segundo, CA, USA
| | - Aimee K Hildenbrand
- Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Research, Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melissa A Alderfer
- Department of Research, Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Randall
- Mended Little Hearts of Wisconsin, Mended Hearts/Mended Little Hearts
| | - Anne E Kazak
- Department of Research, Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica Sood
- Division of Behavioral Health, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Research, Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children's Health System, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Nemours Cardiac Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
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Morris AR, Bora S, Austin NC, Woodward LJ. Mental health, neurodevelopmental, and family psychosocial profiles of children born very preterm at risk of an early-onset anxiety disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2021; 63:954-962. [PMID: 33738794 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the mental health and neurodevelopmental profiles of school-age children born very preterm, with and without an anxiety disorder, and to identify neonatal medical, psychosocial, and concurrent neurodevelopmental correlates. METHOD A regional cohort of 102 (51 males, 51 females) children born very preterm (mean [SD] gestation at birth=28wks [2], range=23-31wks) was studied from birth to age 9 years alongside a comparison group of 109 (58 males, 51 females) children born at term (mean [SD] gestation at birth=40wks [1], range=38-41wks). At age 9 years, all children underwent a neurodevelopmental evaluation while parents were interviewed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment to diagnose a range of DSM-IV childhood psychiatric disorders. Detailed information was also available about the children's neonatal medical course and postnatal psychosocial environment, including maternal mental health and parenting. RESULTS At age 9 years, 21% (n=21) of very preterm and 13% (n=14) of term-born children met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder. Clinically-anxious children born very preterm were characterized by higher rates of comorbid mental health (odds ratio [OR]=11.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]=3.8-34.7), social (OR=6.2, 95% CI=2.1-18.4), motor (OR=4.4, 95% CI=1.6-12.2), and cognitive (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.0-7.0) problems than those without an anxiety disorder. Concurrent maternal mental health and child social difficulties were the strongest independent correlates of early-onset child anxiety disorders. INTERPRETATION Children born very preterm who developed an early-onset anxiety disorder were subject to high rates of comorbid problems. Findings highlight the importance of addressing both maternal and child mental health issues to optimize outcomes in this high-risk population. What this paper adds One out of five school-age children born very preterm are likely to meet DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder. Half of these children born very preterm with an early-onset anxiety disorder have comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Other neurodevelopmental correlates of early-onset anxiety disorders include lower cognitive ability, motor problems, and peer social difficulties. Concurrent maternal mental health and child social adjustment problems were the strongest correlates of early-onset anxiety disorder risk among children born very preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Morris
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samudragupta Bora
- Mothers, Babies and Women's Health Program, Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola C Austin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Lianne J Woodward
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Helicopter Parenting and Drinking Outcomes Among College Students: The Moderating Role of Family Income. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-020-09366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ernst M, Reiner I, Fieß A, Tibubos AN, Schulz A, Burghardt J, Klein EM, Brähler E, Wild PS, Münzel T, König J, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Michal M, Wiltink J, Beutel ME. Sex-dependent associations of low birth weight and suicidal ideation in adulthood: a community-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12969. [PMID: 32737388 PMCID: PMC7395149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW; < 2,500 g) has been identified as a risk factor for adverse mental health outcomes over the life span. However, little is known about the association of LBW and suicidal ideation in middle and late adulthood. We investigated N = 8,278 participants of a representative community cohort: 3,849 men (46.5%) and 4,429 women (53.5%) (35-74 years of age). We assessed standardized measures of mental distress, sociodemographics, health behavior, and somatic factors (based on an extensive medical assessment). Controlling for these confounders, we examined the relationship of birth weight and suicidal ideation in logistic regression models. As men and women differ with regard to their susceptibility to suicidal ideation and behavior, we tested sex-dependent effects. LBW was reported by 458 participants (5.5%). In men, LBW was associated with a higher likelihood of reporting suicidal ideation (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.58-5.12). In women, there was no such relationship. The findings underscore the interrelatedness of the physical and psychological domain, the role of early adversity in suicidal ideation, and they identify a vulnerable group whose numbers are expected to grow. They also indicate other risk factors for suicidal ideation in the community (mental distress, lack of social support, and health risk behavior).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Ernst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Iris Reiner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Achim Fieß
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ana N Tibubos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine - Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juliane Burghardt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva M Klein
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine - Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Michal
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltink
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Kenyhercz F, Nagy BE. A new perspective: Establishing developmental profiles of premature infants based on Bayley-III scores at age 2. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2020; 11:125-132. [PMID: 32530722 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1771338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies in early childhood generally focus on different developmental areas separately. The aim of this study is to identify the most common developmental profiles regarding cognitive, language and motor skills among low birthweight (LBW) children. Our sample included 208 LBW children examined at 24-28 months. We used cluster analysis to identify developmental profiles based on the scores of the Bayley-III Cognitive, Language and Motor scales. We found three consistent profiles (High, Mildly Delayed and Severely Delayed) and three inconsistent, average profiles (with High Expressive Language, with Mildly Delayed Expressive Language and with Severely Delayed Language). Socioeconomic status, maternal education, in vitro fertilization, plurality and chronic morbidities were significantly related to the clusters. Cluster analysis might be an effective method to identify developmental profiles of preterm (and other at-risk) children, which might result in a more complex understanding of cognitive and psychomotor development in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flóra Kenyhercz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Erika Nagy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Psychology and Psychosomatic Unit, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Nguyen HT, Frongillo EA, Blake CE, Shapiro CJ, Frith AL. Earlier and Concurrent Food Insecurity Are Associated with Suboptimal Parenting in Early Childhood. J Nutr 2020; 150:1590-1599. [PMID: 32232418 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity (FI) is associated with poor health, suboptimal nutrition, and disadvantaged linguistic, social, and academic development for children. Given the prominent role that parents play in children's development, FI may be associated with parenting practices. OBJECTIVES We aimed to understand how FI and its change over time relate to parenting in early childhood. METHODS Data were from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort: parental interviews and child assessments at 9 mo and 2, 4, and 5 y old. Dependent variables were parenting practices in years 2, 4, and 5 in parent-child interaction, discipline, rules, and routines in general and food-related settings. Stratified by gender, parenting outcomes were regressed on earlier FI and child, parent, and contextual covariates, then additionally regressed on concurrent FI, using models with full-information-maximum-likelihood and cluster control. RESULTS Earlier FI was associated with harsh discipline (girls, year 5: β1 = 0.0811, P < 0.05) and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls and boys, years 2 and 4), before adding concurrent FI. Accounting for earlier FI and covariates, concurrent FI was associated with harsh discipline (girls, years 2 and 4: β2 = 0.0489 and 0.0705, P < 0.05; boys, year 2: β2 = 0.0584, P < 0.05), rules about foods (girls, year 4), frequent evening meals as a family (girls, years 2 and 4), and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls, years 2 and 4; boys, year 2); earlier FI remained associated with harsh discipline (girls, year 5) and frequent evening meals at a regular time (girls, years 2 and 4; boys, year 4). CONCLUSIONS FI was linked with suboptimal parenting practices in structuring a general and food-related living environment, particularly for girls and by the age of 5 y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa T Nguyen
- Institute for Families in Society, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Edward A Frongillo
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Christine E Blake
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Cheri J Shapiro
- Institute for Families in Society, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Amy L Frith
- Health Promotion and Physical Education, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Amani B, Schmidt LA, Saigal S, Van Lieshout RJ. Exposure to caring parenting and adult mental health in extremely low birthweight survivors. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:1481-1486. [PMID: 31016801 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Individuals born at extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1000 g) are exposed to early adversities that increase the risk of mental health problems in later life. Caring parenting has been shown to offset the negative effects of early adversity in general population samples. However, the long-term impact of caring parenting on the mental health of preterm survivors in adulthood is not known. METHODS Using data from the world's oldest longitudinally followed cohort of ELBW survivors (n = 179) and matched normal birthweight (NBW) control participants (n = 145), we examined if caring parenting moderated the link between preterm birth and mental health at 30-35 years of age. Participants reported on the parenting they received from their mothers using the parental bonding instrument. Self-esteem and internalising problems (i.e. depression, anxiety) were self-reported at 30-35 years of age using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Young Adult Self-Report questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS A statistically significant interaction was found between birthweight status and caring maternal parenting on self-esteem and internalising psychopathology in adulthood. Stratified analyses demonstrated that caring parenting was associated with better self-esteem (P < 0.001) and lower levels of internalising symptoms (P = 0.001), but in NBW participants only. CONCLUSIONS While the receipt of caring maternal parenting promoted mental health in adults born at NBW, it did not have the same protective effect on ELBW survivors. More research is needed to elucidate the aspects of parenting and the family environment that promote the long-term mental health of preterm survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Amani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Louis A Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saroj Saigal
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Maternal mental health and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in extremely low birth weight adults. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:632-639. [PMID: 31753052 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mental health of adult extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (<1000 g) survivors is poorer than their normal birth weight (NBW) peers. An understanding of the modifiable factors that affect this risk could provide targets for intervention. We set out to determine the extent to which a maternal history of mental health problems influenced mental health in ELBW and NBW offspring in adulthood. A total of 85 ELBW and 88 NBW individuals born between 1977 and 1982 in central west Ontario, Canada self-reported on internalizing (depression, anxiety) and externalizing (attention-deficit hyperactivity and antisocial) problems using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) scales of the Young Adult Self-Report at ages 22-26 and 30-35. They also reported on their mother's maternal mental health using the Family History Screen. An interaction was found between birth weight status and maternal history of an anxiety disorder such that ELBW survivors showed a greater increase in internalizing scores than NBW participants at 22-26 (β = 10.27, p = 0.002) and at 30-35 years of age (β = 12.65, p = 0.002). An interaction was also observed between birth weight and maternal history of mood disorder, with higher externalizing scores in ELBW survivors than NBW adults at 22-26 (β = 7.21, p < 0.0001). ELBW adults appear to be more susceptible to the adverse mental health effects of exposure to maternal mood and anxiety disorders than those born at NBW. These links further highlight the importance of detecting and treating mental health problems in the parents of preterm survivors as a means of attempting to reduce the burden of psychopathology in this population.
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