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Chidley E, Burns-Nader S. Exploring young adults' fears related to healthcare and dental procedures. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1830-1836. [PMID: 38948590 PMCID: PMC11213395 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_961_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Fear and anxiety related to dental and healthcare procedures are common among young adults and can negatively impact dental and healthcare consumership, resulting in poor health outcomes. Purpose This cross-sectional study aimed to examine young adults' experiences of fear related to dental and healthcare procedures and the potential relationships between the two forms of fear experiences and demographic factors. Methods Young adults (252) were recruited from a large public university and completed a survey about their dental and healthcare fear/anxiety as well as their confidence in healthcare professionals. Descriptive and correlational analyses were completed to describe the experiences of young adults and the relationships between variables. Results Ten types of fear/anxiety were identified related to healthcare procedures, with the most common being needles and pain. Nine fears/anxieties were identified for dental visits, of which pain and sensory experiences other than pain were most common. Female participants were significantly more likely to report fear/anxiety related to dental procedures, and there was a statistically significant relationship between fear/anxiety related to healthcare procedures and that related to dental procedures. There was also a significant negative relationship found between confidence in healthcare providers and fear/anxiety related to healthcare procedures. Conclusions Young adults experience fear/anxiety related to healthcare and dentist visits, and this fear/anxiety can impact their confidence in healthcare providers, such as primary physicians. The findings of the current study suggest primary care providers should be aware of potential fears/anxieties and offer patients appropriate supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Chidley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Sherwood Burns-Nader
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
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Turer OU, Ozcan M, Alkaya B, Demirbilek F, Alpay N, Daglioglu G, Seydaoglu G, Haytac MC. The effect of mindfulness meditation on dental anxiety during implant surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21686. [PMID: 38066232 PMCID: PMC10709419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implant surgery is almost always associated with patient anxiety. Anxiety during dental surgical procedures triggers an increase in sympathetic activity. Mindfulness meditation (MM) is often associated with high levels of relaxation in the form of increased parasympathetic tone and decreased sympathetic activity. However, the effect of MM on dental anxiety is not clear. The current study aimed to show the effects of a MM as a sedative technique during dental implant surgery by examining the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), bispectral index (BIS), cortisol levels (CL), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and saturation (SpO2) parameters. HR, SBP, DBP, SpO2, BIS score and CLs were compared at the baseline, immediately before-, during-, and immediately after surgery between the test and control groups. We found that the MM resulted in significant decrease in BIS together with positive effects on hemodynamic parameters (decrease of HR, SBP, DBP and increase of SpO2), psychological findings (improvement on STAI-S scores) and biochemical outcomes (decreased CL). In conclusion, the results demonstrate that MM appeared to be a reliable strategy for managing stress during dental implant operation with benefits in psychological, physiological and biochemical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Ucak Turer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Ozcan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Bahar Alkaya
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Furkan Demirbilek
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Alpay
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Daglioglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Seydaoglu
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - M Cenk Haytac
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Knuutila J, Lahti S, Sipilä K, Tolvanen M. Associations between pain-related temporomandibular disorders and dental anxiety at 46 years of age in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. Acta Odontol Scand 2023; 81:633-640. [PMID: 37466375 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2236229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims were (1) to study the association between dental anxiety (DA) and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and whether subgroups formed differ in psychological symptoms and pain sensitivity in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 and (2) to confirm the factor structure of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 assessing psychological symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were acquired using questionnaires and clinical examinations at age 46 years (n = 1889). Dental anxiety was assessed with Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Pain-related TMD (myalgia, arthralgia) were assessed according to modified diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders. Pressure pain threshold and tolerance were measured with an algometer. Explanatory factor analysis revealed three factors, named 'depression', 'anxiety' and 'distress'. RESULTS Those with high DA and myalgia and/or arthralgia reported higher depression (mean = 1.52), anxiety (mean = 1.61) and distress (mean = 2.06) scores, and lower pressure pain threshold (mean = 496 kPa) and tolerance (mean = 741 kPa) values than those with only DA (1.22; 1.56; 1.84; 613; 875), TMD (1.21; 1.39; 1.83; 600; 908) or neither (1.12; 1.29; 1.58; 707; 1006), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patients with DA and/or myalgia/arthralgia have similar profiles regarding pain sensitivity and psychological symptoms, the burden being highest among those with DA and a TMD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarno Knuutila
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Center for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Sipilä
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Farias ZBBMD, Campello CP, da Silveira MMF, Moraes SLD, do Egito Vasconcelos BC, Pellizzer EP. The influence of anxiety on pain perception and its repercussion on endodontic treatment: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5709-5718. [PMID: 37526740 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of dental anxiety on the perception of pain before and during endodontic treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PRISMA checklist was followed. A search was conducted in Scopus, Medline/PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Based on PECOS criteria, the first outcome was a possible association between pre-operative pain and anxiety. The second outcome was a possible association between intraoperative pain and anxiety. The type of studies was observational. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of articles. The certainty of the evidence was analyzed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS Four articles were included with a total of 471 patients. Two studies found a positive association between pain and pre-endodontic treatment anxiety. Three studies investigated the relationship between anxiety and intraoperative pain; two identified an extremely significant positive association. One article noted that anxiety influences pain expectancy. The studies were of good quality as assessed by the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for cross-sectional studies. However, the certainty of the evidence was considered low and very low. CONCLUSIONS Dental anxiety can be directly associated with pre- and intraoperative pain during endodontic procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE It is necessary to identify patients with dental anxiety to employ therapies to bring their anxiety under control, avoiding the increase of endodontic infections, and the postponement and evasion of endodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilda Betânia Barbosa Medeiros de Farias
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Rua Arnóbio Marquês, 310 - Santo Amaro, Recife, PE, 50100-130, Brazil
| | - Camilla Porto Campello
- Department of Hebiatrics, Determinants of Health in Adolescence, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Márcia Maria Fonseca da Silveira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Rua Arnóbio Marquês, 310 - Santo Amaro, Recife, PE, 50100-130, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Dental School of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), José Bonifacio street 1193, Araçatuba, São Paulo, 1605000, Brazil
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Li X, Liu Y, Li C, Wang J. Sedative and adverse effect comparison between oral midazolam and nitrous oxide inhalation in tooth extraction: a meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:307. [PMID: 37210490 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral midazolam and nitrous oxide inhalation were commonly used sedative and analgesic techniques during tooth extraction. It is still controversial whether oral midazolam can replace the nitrous oxide inhalation for sedative and analgesic treatment of tooth extraction. Therefore, we conducted this study in order to provide a reference for doctors to choose effective sedative and analgesic treatment in tooth extraction. METHODS We searched the Chinese and English databases including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang and VIP information databases. RESULTS Through this meta-analysis, we found that the success rate of sedation and analgesia treatment with oral midazolam during tooth extraction was 75.67% and the incidence of adverse reactions was 21.74%. The success rate of sedation and analgesia treatment using nitrous oxide inhalation during tooth extraction was 93.6% and the incidence of adverse reactions was 3.95%. CONCLUSION The use of nitrous oxide inhalation for sedation and analgesia during tooth extraction is very effective, and oral midazolam can be used as an alternative to nitrous oxide inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Ambulatory Surgical Center, West China Shool/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, No. 14 The Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Ambulatory Surgical Center, West China Shool/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, No. 14 The Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengjun Li
- Ambulatory Surgical Center, West China Shool/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, No. 14 The Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiexue Wang
- Ambulatory Surgical Center, West China Shool/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, No. 14 The Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Rational thinking as a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and dental anxiety. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3104. [PMID: 36813807 PMCID: PMC9946927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental anxiety causes people to postpone or refuse to go to the dentist, which further negatively impacts their quality of life and public health. Previous research has shown that mindfulness is inversely related to anxiety. However, little is known about the relationship between mindfulness and dental anxiety. The current research aimed to explore the relationship between mindfulness and dental anxiety and investigate the mediating role of rational thinking. Two studies were conducted. In study one, 206 Chinese participants completed questionnaires measuring trait mindfulness and dental anxiety (state, responding to a dental treatment scenario). In study two, 394 participants completed questionnaires measuring trait mindfulness, dental anxiety (trait), and rational thinking. The results for both studies showed that mindfulness is negatively correlated with dental anxiety. In study 1, each facet of mindfulness except Non-judging was negatively correlated with dental anxiety with Acting with Awareness having the strongest correlation, while in study 2, only Acting with Awareness was significantly negatively correlated with dental anxiety. Furthermore, rational thinking mediated the effect of mindfulness on dental anxiety. In conclusion, mindfulness is negatively related to both state and trait dental anxiety, and rational thinking mediates the relationship between mindfulness and dental anxiety. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Kallio A, Suominen A, Tolvanen M, Rantavuori K, Jussila H, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Lahti S. Concurrent changes in dental anxiety and smoking in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12912. [PMID: 36599651 PMCID: PMC10107302 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated associations between changes in dental anxiety and tobacco use, adjusted for general anxiety and depressive symptoms. The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study data, collected at gestational weeks 14 and 34 and at 3 months postpartum, were used. Questionnaires included the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL). Smoking was categorized as "stable non-smoking", "started smoking", "quit smoking", and "stable smoking". Changes in smoking and dental anxiety were evaluated "during pregnancy" (i.e., from gestational week 14 to gestational week 34) in 2442 women and 1346 men and "after pregnancy" (i.e., from gestational week 34 to 3 months postpartum) in 2008 women and 1095 men. Changes were evaluated in three smoking categories (stable non-smoking, fluctuating, and stable smoking), using data from all three time-points (1979 women and 1049 men). Modeling used repeated measures analysis of covariance. Stable smoking mothers had statistically significantly higher levels of dental anxiety (mean MDAS 12.3-12.6) than non-smoking mothers (mean MDAS 10.1-10.7) or mothers who smoked at some point during pregnancy (mean MDAS 10.8-11.5). A similar tendency was observed in fathers. However, no systematic change in dental anxiety by changes in smoking habits was observed. Those smoking during pregnancy and with high dental anxiety may need special support for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Kallio
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,City of Turku, Welfare Services Division, Oral and Dental Health Care, Turku, Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mimmi Tolvanen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Jussila
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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8
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Arkkila J, Suominen A, Nolvi S, Rantavuori K, Karlsson H, Karlsson L, Lahti S. Associations between temperament dimensions and dental anxiety in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12897. [PMID: 36302720 PMCID: PMC10092261 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated associations between dental anxiety and four temperament dimensions: effortful control, extraversion/surgency, negative affect and orienting sensitivity among 2558 parents in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Dental anxiety was measured with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, and temperament with the Adult Temperament Questionnaire. Associations between dental anxiety and temperament dimensions were modelled using linear and logistic (cut-off ≥ 19 for high dental anxiety) regression analyses adjusting for general anxiety and depressive symptoms, age and education. In women and men, dental anxiety was positively associated with negative affect (women β = 1.10; 95%CI 1.06-1.15; men β = 1.11; 95%CI 1.05-1.18) and negatively associated with effortful control (women β = 0.95; 95% CI0.92-0.99, men β = 0.90; 95% CI 0.85-0.95). In women, extraversion/surgency was also positively associated with dental anxiety (β = 1.04; 95%CI 1.00-1.08). For high dental anxiety, negative affect in women (OR = 2.00; 95%CI 1.31-3.06) and men (OR = 5.21; 95%CI 1.72-15.83) and for extraversion/surgency in women (OR = 1.50; 95%CI 1.01-1.47) associated positively with dental anxiety, but for effortful control, the association was not statistically significant. Dentists should understand that temperament dimensions affect the risk for dental anxiety more strongly than general anxiety or depressive symptoms. Dimensions negative affect and extraversion/surgency may increase and effortful control decrease the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuso Arkkila
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Center, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Effectiveness of and Patient’s Satisfaction with Dental Emergency Unit in Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital (Paris), Focusing on Pain and Anxiety. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:8457608. [PMID: 35637654 PMCID: PMC9148244 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8457608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Dental Emergency Unit (DEU) of the Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital receives mainly painful emergencies. This study aimed at evaluating the suppression of pain and anxiety as well as the patient's satisfaction after a visit to the DEU. Patients and Methods. A prospective study was carried out in 2019 (NCT03819036) in adult patients. Data was collected on D0 on site and then on D1, D3, and D7 by phone, during daytime. The main objective and secondary objectives were, respectively, to assess the intensity of pain on D1; the intensity of pain on D3 and D7; the evolution of anxiety on D1, D3, and D7; and the patients' satisfaction. They were evaluated with a 0–10 numeric scale (NS) on D1, D3 and D7; mean scores were compared with nonparametric statistics (ANOVA, Dunn's test). Results 814 patients were contacted and 581 patients included; 87 were lost to follow-up. 376 patients completed all the questionnaires. In the final sample (59% men, 40 ± 16 y.o.), 86% had health insurance. The mean pain scores were as follows: D0: 6.36 ± 0.12; D1: 3.49 ± 0.13; D3: 2.23 ± 0.13; D7: 1.07 ± 0.11—indicating a significant decrease of 45%, 65%, and 93% on D1, D3, and D7, respectively, compared to D0 (p < 0.0001) between D0 and D1, D3, D7. The mean NS anxiety scores were as follows: D0: 3.32 ± 0.15; D1: 3.69 ± 0.16; D3: 2.75 ± 0.16; D7: 1.98 ± 0.15. The decrease was significant between D0 and D7 (p < 0.0001). The perception of general heath improved between D1 and D7. The overall score of satisfaction was 8.64 ± 0.06. Conclusion DEU enabled a significant reduction in pain and anxiety with high overall satisfaction.
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10
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Unveiling the Association between Body Image Dissatisfaction and Dental Anxiety. SURGERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/surgeries3020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased demands for invasive and non-invasive treatments related to body image disturbances are seen worldwide. These demands may be related to body image dissatisfaction. No study to date investigated the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and dental anxiety (namely, anticipatory dental anxiety and treatment dental anxiety) among a non-clinical population. The current study aims to unveil such relationships. Methods: Dentally anxious people may choose to ‘cope’ with their anxiety via unnecessary invasive procedures related to their body image dissatisfaction. In the current study, 553 individuals completed an online survey assessing their dental anxiety, dental neglect, and body image via self-report questionnaires. Results: Body image dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with dental anxiety. In contrast to previous studies, dental neglect was negatively associated with dental anxiety. Additionally, no link was found between body image dissatisfaction and dental neglect. Conclusions: The current study highlights the importance of addressing these factors prior to invasive procedures.
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MIALHE FL, SANTOS BL, BADO FMR, OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR AJD, SOARES GH. Association between oral health literacy and dental outcomes among users of primary healthcare services. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e004. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Salgarello S, Garo ML, Paganelli C, Vita A, Salvadori M, Audino E. Translation and Validation of Italian Version of Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+): A Cross-Sectional Study. Dent J (Basel) 2021; 9:dj9120149. [PMID: 34940046 PMCID: PMC8699893 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental anxiety (DA) is defined as unreasonable apprehension toward dental procedures. About 4–20% of the worldwide adult population presents DA, with peaks of 30% in the younger population. Managing patients with dental anxiety and fear with a reliable and valid instrument is necessary to understand the multidimensional dimensions of dental fear. This work aimed to validate the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+) into Italian. Two hundred and eighty dental students attending an Italian university were enrolled. The IDAF-4C+ was translated by experts and a native English translator, blinded to the original version. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to assess the validity of IDAF-4C+. Spearman correlation coefficients and Exploratory Factorial Analysis (EFA) were used. Reliability was evaluated by Cronbach’s alpha. The reliability of the Italian version of IDAF-4C+ was good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88). Correlation between IDAF-4C+ and MDAS ranged between 0.42 to 0.68. From EFA, one factor explained 58.76% of the common variance. Women showed a higher level of dental fear. The Italian IDAF-4C+ is a valid and reliable tool to assess DA in any clinical context. This instrument allows for a proper understanding and management of DA, and therefore a better patient oral health-related quality of life and compliance with the dentist’s instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Salgarello
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental School, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Maria Luisa Garo
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental School, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-383424
| | - Corrado Paganelli
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental School, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Matteo Salvadori
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental School, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Audino
- Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Dental School, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
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Karukivi M, Suominen A, Scheinin NM, Li R, Ahrnberg H, Rantavuori K, Karlsson H, Karlsson L, Lahti S. Gender-specific associations between the dimensions of alexithymia personality trait and dental anxiety in parents of the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 130:e12830. [PMID: 34761432 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated gender-specific associations of two dimensions of dental anxiety (anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety) with three dimensions of alexithymia: difficulty in identifying feelings, difficulty in describing feelings, and externally oriented thinking. The sample comprised 2558 parents from the general population participating in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Dental anxiety was measured with the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale and alexithymia with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Associations between dental anxiety and alexithymia dimensions were modelled using linear regression analysis adjusting for general anxiety and depressive symptoms, age, and education. Structural equation modeling assessed their interrelationships. In women, anticipatory dental anxiety was associated only with difficulty in identifying feelings, but treatment-related dental anxiety was associated with difficulty in identifying feelings, difficulty in describing feelings, and externally oriented thinking. In men, anticipatory dental anxiety was associated with only externally oriented thinking, whereas treatment-related dental anxiety was associated with difficulty in describing feelings, and with externally oriented thinking. Structural equation modelling showed that difficulty in identifying feelings was associated with anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety in women, whereas in men, only difficulty in describing feelings was associated with both types of dental anxiety. Anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety have different associations with alexithymia dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Karukivi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ru Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Ahrnberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- Department of Oral Development and Orthodontics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Lahti
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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14
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Kılıç A, Brown A, Aras I, Hui R, Hare J, Hughes LD, McCracken LM. Using Virtual Technology for Fear of Medical Procedures: A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:1062-1079. [PMID: 33821879 PMCID: PMC8557375 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovations in virtual reality (VR) technologies have improved the adaptability of its use in therapeutic settings, and VR has shown to be a promising treatment for fear of medical procedures, with research increasing in this area in recent years. PURPOSE This review aims to collate evidence for the impact of VR on fear of medical procedures. METHODS CENTRAL (Cochrane), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO databases were searched up to October 2020. A mix of experimental and case-control studies were included for review, which evaluated the effectiveness of VR for fear, anxiety, and pain of medical procedures for people with needle phobia, dental phobia, claustrophobia of medical scans, and burn wound care anxiety. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by Cochrane and ROBINS-I tools. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were selected. Some studies included mixed participant groups of young people adults. The interventions varied, with VR used for distraction, hypnosis, or exposure. These were shown to be effective for reducing fear of medical procedures. However, effectiveness for blood-injection-injury phobias and burn wound care patients was unclear. CONCLUSIONS Evidence on the effectiveness of VR suggests that it does decrease fear of medical procedures in some situations. However, the RoB assessment illustrated a poor quality of studies across those included in this review, limiting the ability to draw firm general conclusions from the study findings. There is a need for further research exploring the use of VR technologies in the management of anxiety in physical health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşenur Kılıç
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - Ashley Brown
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - Işıl Aras
- School of Orthodontics, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Rita Hui
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Hare
- Dental Psychology Service, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Lyndsay D Hughes
- Health Psychology Section, Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
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15
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Psychological Distress, Dental Health, and Dental Fear among Finnish University Students: A National Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910245. [PMID: 34639546 PMCID: PMC8508373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dental fear, psychological distress, and perceived symptoms of teeth controlled for age, gender, educational sector, and tobacco use. The data from the Finnish University Student Health Survey 2016 targeting students (n = 10,000) of academic universities and universities of applied sciences were used. Psychological distress was measured with the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation 10 (CORE-10) and the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12) and dental fear with the question ‘Do you feel scared about receiving dental care?’. The study included 3110 students. In logistic regression analyses those with psychological distress (measured with CORE-10 and GHQ-12) and those reporting teeth-related symptoms were more likely than their counterparts to have high dental fear. In gender-specific analyses men with psychological distress (measured with CORE-10) and women with teeth-related symptoms were more likely to have high levels of dental fear. Finnish university students with psychological distress and teeth-related symptoms were more likely to experience higher levels of dental fear than their counterparts were. The results of this study support possible common vulnerability factors that dental fear and other psychological disorders may share.
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16
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What should people expect from person-centred dental visits? The Montreal-Toulouse Wheel of expectations. Br Dent J 2021; 231:249-253. [PMID: 34446900 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3322-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is a dearth of tools designed to inform people about what to expect from person-centred dental encounters and to guide them during the care process. This is why we propose the Montreal-Toulouse Wheel of patients' expectations for dental visits, which describes what people could expect during person-centred clinical encounters. The Wheel comprises four core expectations: 1) be understood; 2) be respected; 3) have power; and 4) be given enough time. It also includes three expectations that are more specific to the process of care: 5) be informed and understand; 6) share decisions with the dentist and even co-construct the treatment plan; and 7) be comfortable during clinical procedures and the whole care process. We also propose a Q-List to help patients reflect on their relationship with dental professionals and engage them in person-centred dental care. This Q-List describes the seven expectations of the Wheel and provides open-ended questions that we invite patients to reflect upon. We also hope that dental professionals and educators will find the Wheel and the Q-List useful to develop person-centredness and promote inclusive and equitable dentistry.
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17
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Horenstein A, Heimberg RG. Anxiety disorders and healthcare utilization: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 81:101894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Esmaeili H, Malekzadeh M, Esmaeili D, Nikeghbal F. Dental anxiety and the effectiveness of local anesthesia. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8658127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The successful anesthesia is an essential factor for dental treatment. This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of local anesthesia and it’s relationship with dental Anxiety. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 256 dental patients, in 2017. Dental Anesthesia was administered after completing the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale by the patients. The level of anesthesia was recorded in one of three states (successful, difficult, and failed). Collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and tests of, Chi-square, independent t-test, analysis of variance, and logistic regression model. Results: About 60.5% subjects had moderate-severe dental anxiety. The mean of dental anxiety significantly was lower in the successful anesthesia group (P<0.01). Patients with elementary education had a significantly higher level of dental anxiety (P<0.01). Dental anxiety was significantly higher in the age group of ≥59 years, compared to the other age groups, except for 49-58 years (P<0.05). Subjects with a significantly higher level of dental anxiety more delayed their visits to the dentist. The logistic regression model showed that the dental anxiety (high anxiety) and literacy level (elementary) were the most important predictors of failed or difficult anesthesia. Conclusion: Informing patients about dental treatment procedures, regular and periodic visits to the dentist, using psychotherapeutic techniques to reduce dental anxiety before anesthesia, could play an important role in the success of anesthesia.
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19
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Toledano-Serrabona J, Sánchez-Torres A, Camps-Font O, Figueiredo R, Gay-Escoda C, Valmaseda-Castellón E. Effect of an Informative Video on Anxiety and Hemodynamic Parameters in Patients Requiring Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 78:1933-1941. [PMID: 32682735 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to determine the effect of watching an informative video about mandibular third molar (M3M) removal on patient anxiety and hemodynamic parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in healthy patients (aged between 18 and 40 years) requiring M3M extraction under local anesthesia. Patients with previous tooth extractions, psychiatric disorders, or cardiac problems or patients undergoing anxiolytic or antidepressant drug treatment were excluded. Participants were randomized into 2 groups according to whether they watched an informative video about the surgical procedure (video group) or not (control group). The primary outcome variable was the difference between groups regarding patient anxiety assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). The secondary outcome variables were hemodynamic parameters recorded during different moments of the surgical procedure. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed, and a repeated-measures mixed model was generated. Statistical significance was considered for P < .05. RESULTS Fifty patients referred for M3M extraction met the inclusion criteria. The final data analysis was based on 47 patients: 25 from the video group and 22 controls. The bivariate analysis showed the video group to have a significant decrease in anxiety as measured by the MDAS (P = .006; 95% confidence interval [CI], -4.1 to -0.7) and STAI-State (P = .003; 95% CI, -13.7 to -0.7). A significantly lower heart rate was likewise found in the video group (χ2 = 4.30, df = 1, P = .038). The linear regression analysis adjusting for the STAI-Trait also showed lower dental anxiety measured by the MDAS in the video group (P = .023; 95% CI, 0.32 to 4.14). CONCLUSIONS Providing preoperative information through an informative video about M3M removal significantly reduces patient anxiety and heart rate during the surgical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Toledano-Serrabona
- Fellow of the Master Degree of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Sánchez-Torres
- Associate Professor of Oral Surgery, Master Degree Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona; and Researcher at IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Octavi Camps-Font
- Associate Professor of Oral Surgery, Master Degree Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona; and Researcher at IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rui Figueiredo
- Lecturer in Oral Surgery and Coordinator of the Master Degree Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona; and Researcher at IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cosme Gay-Escoda
- Chairman and Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona; Director of the Master Degree Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology, EFHRE International University/FUCSO (Fundacio Catalana per a la Salut Oral); Coordinator/Researcher at IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute); and Head of the Oral Surgery, Implantology and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Teknon Medical Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón
- Senior Lecturer in Oral Surgery and Director of the Master Degree Program in Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona; and Researcher at IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Zheng X, Zhao J, Wang Z, Jia B, Zhang Z, Guo J, Duan Z, Lin X. Postoperative online follow-up improves the quality of life of patients who undergo extraction of impacted madibular third molars: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:993-999. [PMID: 32506325 PMCID: PMC7275844 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effect of online follow-up on the quality of life of patients who undergo extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and methods This study enrolled patients with impacted mandibular third molars who were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Stomatological Hospital at Southern Medical University and divided them into test and control groups. The test group received an online follow-up on the first, third, and fifth days after tooth extraction, while the control group was not followed up with. Patients in both groups were reexamined on the postoperative seventh day, completing the postoperative symptom severity (PoSSe) scale to comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate their quality of life after tooth extraction. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of approval for an online follow-up after tooth extraction by 20 senior doctors (≥ 40 years old) and 20 young doctors (<4 0 years old). Results The PoSSe scale scores of the remaining options in the test group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The VAS score of senior doctors for online follow-up was significantly lower than that of young doctors. Conclusions A postoperative online follow-up effectively improved the quality of life of patients who underwent extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Compared with senior doctors, young doctors were more likely to approve an online follow-up after tooth extraction. Clinical relevance Online medical care can be considered as an auxiliary tool to improve the effect of oral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghuai Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), No. 366, South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjiang Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), No. 366, South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), No. 366, South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), No. 366, South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), No. 366, South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), No. 366, South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Duan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), No. 366, South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lin
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital), No. 366, South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Lahti SM, Tolvanen MM, Humphris G, Freeman R, Rantavuori K, Karlsson L, Karlsson H. Association of depression and anxiety with different aspects of dental anxiety in pregnant mothers and their partners. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 48:137-142. [PMID: 31809556 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to confirm the factor structure of Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and to investigate whether the association of these factors with general anxiety and depression varied across gender. METHODS The FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study (www.finnbrain.fi) data from the first collection point at gestational week 14 were used. Of the invited participants (n = 5790), 3808 (66%) expectant mothers and 2623 fathers or other partners of the mother agreed to participate, and 3095 (81.3%) mothers and 2011 (76.7%) fathers returned the self-report questionnaire. Dental anxiety was measured with the MDAS, general anxiety symptoms with Symptom Checklist-90 (anxiety subscale) and depressive symptoms with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was conducted to test the equivalence of the factor structure and multiple group SEM (MGSEM) to test the configural invariance (unconstrained model) and metric invariance (structural weights model), across genders. RESULTS Of those consenting, 3022 (98%) women and 1935 (96%) men answered the MDAS. The MGCFA indicated good convergent validity for the two-factor model for MDAS, but somewhat low discriminant validity (factors demonstrated 72% shared variance). The MDAS items loaded clearly higher for the assigned factor than to the other factor (differences in loadings >0.2), indicating that the 2-factor model has merit. According to the final MGSEM model, anxiety symptoms were directly related to anticipatory dental anxiety, but not to treatment-related dental anxiety. CONCLUSIONS When assessing dental anxiety with MDAS, considering also its two factors may help clinicians in understanding the nature of patient's dental anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu M Lahti
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Clinical Research Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mimmi M Tolvanen
- Department of Community Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gerald Humphris
- Division of Populations and Behavioural Science, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Ruth Freeman
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kari Rantavuori
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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22
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Carpenter JK, Conroy K, Gomez AF, Curren LC, Hofmann SG. The relationship between trait mindfulness and affective symptoms: A meta-analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Clin Psychol Rev 2019; 74:101785. [PMID: 31751877 PMCID: PMC6878205 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trait mindfulness appears to be related to lower levels of negative affective symptoms, but it remains uncertain which facets of mindfulness are most important in this relationship. Accordingly, the present meta-analysis examined studies reporting correlations between affective symptoms and trait mindfulness as assessed by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. A comprehensive search yielded 148 eligible studies, comprising 157 distinct samples and 44,075 participants. The weighted mean correlation for affective symptoms and overall trait mindfulness was r = -0.53. Among mindfulness facets, Nonjudge (r = -0.48) and Act with Awareness (r = -0.47) demonstrated the largest correlations, followed by Nonreact (r = -0.33) and Describe (r = -0.29). Observe was not significantly correlated with affective symptoms. No significant differences in the strength of correlations were found between anxiety, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, though symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder exhibited a weaker negative relationship with the Describe facet compared to PTSD symptoms. Describe also showed a stronger relationship with affective symptoms in Eastern samples compared to Western samples, whereas Western samples had a stronger relationship with Nonjudge. These results provide insight into the nature of the association between trait mindfulness and negative affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Carpenter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristina Conroy
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelina F Gomez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura C Curren
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Dental anxiety in first- and final-year Indian dental students. BDJ Open 2019; 5:15. [PMID: 31632694 PMCID: PMC6795851 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-019-0017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aims to investigate dental anxiety in first- and final-year undergraduate dental students in India. Design Questionnaire Study Setting: BDS Students in four University dental colleges in India carried-out during 2013 and 2014. Subjects (materials and methods) The students (n = 614) were assessed using a pre-tested questionnaire. We estimated the level of dental anxiety by using the Modified-Dental-Anxiety-Scale (MDAS). ANCOVA and Mann–Whitney U, and Chi-squared contingency tests were employed to analyze the extensive dataset acquired. Univariate clustering analysis and principal component regression were also applied. Students had similar demographic and lifestyle patterns. Interventions Assessments of the level of dental anxiety amongst undergraduate dental students. Main outcome measures Mean ± SD MDAS scores for first- and final-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students were 12.96 ± 4.00 and 10.54 ± 3.41, respectively. Results Six hundred and fourteen (n = 614) students from four dental colleges were included in this study. In total 77% were female (n = 478) and 23% were male (n = 136). The mean age of the first- and final-year students were 18.31 and 21.54 years, respectively. First-year BDS students had dental anxiety score (Mean ± SD 12.96 ± 4.00) compared to that of the final year (10.54 ± 3.41), a difference which was very highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusion(s) Dental anxiety was moderately higher amongst first year BDS students over that of final-year students but it is lesser than the dental phobic threshold level.
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Goetz K, Schuldei R, Steinhäuser J. Working conditions, job satisfaction and challenging encounters in dentistry: a cross-sectional study. Int Dent J 2019; 69:44-49. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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25
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McLenon J, Rogers MAM. The fear of needles: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2018; 75:30-42. [PMID: 30109720 DOI: 10.1111/jan.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of needle fear and summarize the characteristics of individuals who exhibit this fear. BACKGROUND Injections are among the most common medical procedures, yet fear of needles can result in avoidance of preventive measures and treatment. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (1966-2017), Embase (1947-2017), PsycINFO (1967-2017), and CINAHL (1961-2017) were searched, with no restrictions by age, gender, race, language, or country. REVIEW METHODS The prevalence of needle fear was calculated and restricted maximum likelihood random effects models were used for meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS The search yielded 119 original research articles which are included in this review, of which 35 contained sufficient information for meta-analysis. The majority of children exhibited needle fear, while prevalence estimates for needle fear ranged from 20-50% in adolescents and 20-30% in young adults. In general, needle fear decreased with increasing age. Both needle fear and needle phobia were more prevalent in females than males. Avoidance of influenza vaccination because of needle fear occurred in 16% of adult patients, 27% of hospital employees, 18% of workers at long-term care facilities, and 8% of healthcare workers at hospitals. Needle fear was common when undergoing venipuncture, blood donation, and in those with chronic conditions requiring injection. CONCLUSIONS Fear of needles is common in patients requiring preventive care and in those undergoing treatment. Greater attention should be directed to interventions which alleviate fear in high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McLenon
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mary A M Rogers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Halonen H, Nissinen J, Lehtiniemi H, Salo T, Riipinen P, Miettunen J. The Association Between Dental Anxiety And Psychiatric Disorders And Symptoms: A Systematic Review. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2018; 14:207-222. [PMID: 30288171 PMCID: PMC6142663 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background A growing amount of evidence suggests that dental anxiety is associated with other psychiatric disorders and symptoms. A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate the studies of comorbidity of dental anxiety with other specific phobias and other Axis I psychiatric disorders. Objective The aim of the review was to explore how dental anxiety is associated with other psychiatric disorders and to estimate the level of comorbid symptoms in dental anxiety patients. Methods The review was conducted and reported in accordance with the MOOSE statement. Data sources included PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Scopus. Results The search produced 631 hits, of which 16 unique records fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The number of eligible papers was low. Study populations were heterogeneous including 6,486 participants, and a total of 25 tests and in few cases clinical interviews were used in the evaluation processes. The results enhanced the idea about the comorbidity between dental anxiety and other psychiatric disorders. The effect was found strong in several studies. Conclusion Patients with a high level of dental anxiety are more prone to have a high level of comorbid phobias, depression, mood disorders and other psychiatric disorders and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Halonen
- Oulu University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jenna Nissinen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Heli Lehtiniemi
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, 90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirkko Riipinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, 90230 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, 90230 Oulu, Finland
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Dou L, Vanschaayk MM, Zhang Y, Fu X, Ji P, Yang D. The prevalence of dental anxiety and its association with pain and other variables among adult patients with irreversible pulpitis. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:101. [PMID: 29879974 PMCID: PMC5992818 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim is to investigate the prevalence of dental anxiety and its association with pain and other related factors in adult patients with irreversible pulpitis. METHODS One hundred and thirty patients with irreversible pulpitis were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were asked to fill out an information table and a battery of questionnaires to assess their level of dental anxiety, pain at their first and most recent dental experience, and pain intensity before/during the present endodontic treatment. The level of anxiety that participants displayed during the present treatment was also evaluated by the dentists using an anxiety rating scale. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Spearman correlation tests. RESULTS 83.1% of participants suffered from moderate or high dental anxiety, and 16.2% met criteria for specific phobia. Subjects who had higher MDAS scores were more likely to postpone their dental visits (P < 0.05). Subjects who had bad experiences at their most recent dental visit were more anxious (P < 0.05). Pain at the most recent dental visit (P < 0.01) or before the present dental visit (P < 0.05) was important factor correlating with dental anxiety among participants. Notably, 36.2% of participants displayed moderate or severe anxiety during this present visit for endodontic treatment based on dentist's judgement. CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of people with irreversible pulpitis suffer from dental anxiety. Pain at the most recent dental visit and during endodontic treatment have strongly positive association with dental anxiety. Effective pain control in endodontics is beneficial to manage the anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dou
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Margaret Maria Vanschaayk
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way NE, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Deqin Yang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China. .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, 426 Song Shi Bei Road, Chongqing, 401147, China.
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Jain M, Tandon S, Sharma A, Jain V, Rani Yadav N. Cross-Cultural adaption, validity and reliability of a Hindi version of the Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale. Health Promot Perspect 2018; 8:120-126. [PMID: 29744307 PMCID: PMC5935815 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2018.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An appropriate scale to assess the dental anxiety of Hindi speaking population is lacking. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of Hindi version of one of the oldest dental anxiety scale, Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in Hindi speaking Indian adults. Methods: A total of 348 subjects from the outpatient department of a dental hospital in India participated in this cross-sectional study. The scale was cross-culturally adapted by forward and backward translation, committee review and pretesting method. The construct validity of the translated scale was explored with exploratory factor analysis. The correlation of the Hindi version of CDAS with visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure the convergent validity. Reliability was assessed through calculations of Cronbach’s alpha and intra class correlation 48 forms were completed for test-retest. Results: Prevalence of dental anxiety in the sample within the age range of 18-80 years was 85.63% [95% CI: 0.815-0.891]. The response rate was 100 %. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test value was 0.776. After factor analysis, a single factor (dental anxiety) was obtained with 4 items.The single factor model explained 61% variance. Pearson correlation coefficient between CDASand VAS was 0.494. Test-retest showed the Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.814. The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient of the total CDAS score was 0.881 [95% CI: 0.318-0.554]. Conclusion: Hindi version of CDAS is a valid and reliable scale to assess dental anxiety in Hindi speaking population. Convergent validity is well recognized but discriminant validity is limited and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Jain
- Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shourya Tandon
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Vishal Jain
- Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies, Modinagar, UP, India
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Pinho RCM, da Silva Barbosa AC, Caldas-Júnior ADF, Vasconcelos MMVB, Cimões R, Santos MTBRD. State, trait, and dental anxiety in caregivers of individuals with disabilities. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2017. [PMID: 28636131 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare state anxiety, trait anxiety, and dental anxiety in caregivers of patients with special needs and caregivers of pediatric patients without special needs at dental clinics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. All respondents were older than 18 years of age. Individuals with cognitive impairment and those taking anxiolytics, antidepressants, or sleep-inducing medication were excluded from the study. The sample consisted of 55 caregivers of patients with special needs and 55 caregivers of pediatric dental patients. A questionnaire was administered to determine the sociodemographic profile of the patients based on the 2015 Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria. Anxiety regarding dental treatment was measured using the dental anxiety scale. The state-trait anxiety inventory was used to identify state and trait anxiety levels. RESULTS Caregivers of individuals with disabilities had a similar level of anxiety as caregivers of pediatric dental patients. Most caregivers of individuals with disabilities were mothers with an older age and a greater frequency of trait anxiety, especially when these mothers had health problems. State anxiety was associated with a lower education level. CONCLUSIONS Higher dental anxiety levels were found among caregivers with a higher level of trait anxiety, independently of the type of patient to which care was given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Renata Cimões
- Department of Prosthesis and Oral Surgery, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Bonafé FSS, Campos JADB. Validation and Invariance of the Dental Anxiety Scale in a Brazilian sample. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e138. [PMID: 28001246 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties of the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) when applied to Brazilian adults and to test its invariance across independent samples and different sociodemographic groups. Sociodemographic data, reports on previous unpleasant dental experiences and DAS responses were collected through telephone interviews. Metric properties of the one and two-factor models were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis included the chi-square ratio divided by degrees of freedom (χ2/df), the comparative fit index (CFI), the goodness of fit index (GFI) and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Convergent validity was evaluated using the average variance extracted (AVE). Cronbach's alpha (α) and composite reliability (CR) were calculated. In the two-factor model, discriminant validity was evaluated. The invariance of the models was evaluated using a multigroup analysis of the independent samples (pΔχ2λ, pΔχ2 i and pΔχ2 Res ≥ 0.05). Telephone interviews were held with 350 individuals (74.3% women). Of the participants, 135 (38.6%) had previous unpleasant dental experiences, and 117 (33.4%) knew someone who had had this type of experience. The one- and two-factor model (χ2/df < 2.0; CFI,GFI > 0.90; RMSEA < 0.10; AVE > 0.50; α,CR > 0.70) were adjusted to the data. Discriminant validity was limited (ρ2 = 0.66). Both models presented strong invariance across independent samples, but the invariance was weak (pΔχ2i < 0.05) when samples were defined by socioeconomic variables. In conclusion, both DAS models were valid and reliable when applied to a sample of Brazilian adults. However, the weak invariance of the models suggests that sample characteristics interfered with the measurement of dental anxiety.
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Al-Samadani KH, Gazal G. Effectiveness of benzocaine in reducing deep cavity restoration and post-extraction stress in dental patients. Saudi Med J 2016; 36:1342-7. [PMID: 26593169 PMCID: PMC4673373 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.11.12274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of topical anesthetic, 20% benzocaine in relieving pain and stress in patients following deep cavity restoration and extraction of teeth under local anesthesia (LA). Methods: A prospective clinical trial was conducted from October 2014 until April 2015 at Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Forty-five patients were included in the 20% benzocaine group, and 46 in the normal saline group. Evaluation of the dental stress was made pre-operatively and immediately post-operative treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Furthermore, discomfort of the injections were recorded by the patients after each treatment on standard 100 mm VAS, tagged at the endpoints with “no pain” (0 mm) and “unbearable pain” (100 mm). Results: There were statistically significant differences between the mean stress scores for patients in the benzocaine and normal saline groups post-operatively (p=0.002). There were significant differences between the mean pain scores for patients in the post buccal injection (p=0.001), post palatal injection (p=0.01), and the post inferior alveolar nerve block groups (p=0.02). Buccal, palatal, and inferior alveolar nerve block injections were more painful for patients in the normal saline group than the benzocaine group. Conclusion: This investigation has demonstrated that post-operative stress associated with deep cavity restoration and dental extractions under LA can be reduced by the application of topical anesthetic (20% benzocaine) at the operative site for intra-oral injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid H Al-Samadani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Tellez M, Potter C, Kinner D, Jensen D, Waldron E, Heimberg R, Myers Virtue S, Zhao H, Ismail A. Computerized Tool to Manage Dental Anxiety. J Dent Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515598134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety regarding dental and physical health is a common and potentially distressing problem, for both patients and health care providers. Anxiety has been identified as a barrier to regular dental visits and as an important target for enhancement of oral health–related quality of life. The study aimed to develop and evaluate a computerized cognitive-behavioral therapy dental anxiety intervention that could be easily implemented in dental health care settings. A cognitive-behavioral protocol based on psychoeducation, exposure to feared dental procedures, and cognitive restructuring was developed. A randomized controlled trial was conducted ( N = 151) to test its efficacy. Consenting adult dental patients who met inclusion criteria (e.g., high dental anxiety) were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: immediate treatment ( n = 74) or a wait-list control ( n = 77). Analyses of covariance based on intention-to-treat analyses were used to compare the 2 groups on dental anxiety, fear, avoidance, and overall severity of dental phobia. Baseline scores on these outcomes were entered into the analyses as covariates. Groups were equivalent at baseline but differed at 1-mo follow-up. Both groups showed improvement in outcomes, but analyses of covariance demonstrated significant differences in dental anxiety, fear, avoidance, and overall severity of dental phobia in favor of immediate treatment at the follow-up assessment. Of the patients who met diagnostic criteria for phobia at baseline, fewer patients in the immediate treatment group continued to meet criteria for dental phobia at follow-up as compared with the wait-list group. A new computer-based tool seems to be efficacious in reducing dental anxiety and fear/avoidance of dental procedures. Examination of its effectiveness when administered in dental offices under less controlled conditions is warranted ( ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02081365).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Tellez
- Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C.M. Potter
- Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D.G. Kinner
- Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D. Jensen
- Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E. Waldron
- Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R.G. Heimberg
- Adult Anxiety Clinic of Temple, Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S. Myers Virtue
- Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - H. Zhao
- School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A.I. Ismail
- Maurice H. Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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