1
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Yasuda Y, Wang L, Chitano P, Seow CY. Rho-Kinase Inhibition of Active Force and Passive Tension in Airway Smooth Muscle: A Strategy for Treating Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Asthma. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:115. [PMID: 38392332 PMCID: PMC10886476 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Rho-kinase inhibitors have been identified as a class of potential drugs for treating asthma because of their ability to reduce airway inflammation and active force in airway smooth muscle (ASM). Past research has revealed that, besides the effect on the ASM's force generation, rho-kinase (ROCK) also regulates actin filament formation and filament network architecture and integrity, thus affecting ASM's cytoskeletal stiffness. The present review is not a comprehensive examination of the roles played by ROCK in regulating ASM function but is specifically focused on passive tension, which is partially determined by the cytoskeletal stiffness of ASM. Understanding the molecular basis for maintaining active force and passive tension in ASM by ROCK will allow us to determine the suitability of ROCK inhibitors and its downstream enzymes as a class of drugs in treating airway hyperresponsiveness seen in asthma. Because clinical trials using ROCK inhibitors in the treatment of asthma have yet to be conducted, the present review focuses on the in vitro effects of ROCK inhibitors on ASM's mechanical properties which include active force generation, relaxation, and passive stiffness. The review provides justification for future clinical trials in the treatment of asthma using ROCK inhibitors alone and in combination with other pharmacological and mechanical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yasuda
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Lu Wang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Pasquale Chitano
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Chun Y Seow
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
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2
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Tan D, Lu M, Cai Y, Qi W, Wu F, Bao H, Qv M, He Q, Xu Y, Wang X, Shen T, Luo J, He Y, Wu J, Tang L, Barkat MQ, Xu C, Wu X. SUMOylation of Rho-associated protein kinase 2 induces goblet cell metaplasia in allergic airways. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3887. [PMID: 37393345 PMCID: PMC10314948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is characterized by goblet cell metaplasia and subsequent mucus hypersecretion that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Here, we explore the potential role and underlying mechanism of protein SUMOylation-mediated goblet cell metaplasia. The components of SUMOylaion machinery are specifically expressed in healthy human bronchial epithelia and robustly upregulated in bronchial epithelia of patients or mouse models with allergic asthma. Intratracheal suppression of SUMOylation by 2-D08 robustly attenuates not only allergen-induced airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and hyperreactivity, but IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia. Phosphoproteomics and biochemical analyses reveal SUMOylation on K1007 activates ROCK2, a master regulator of goblet cell metaplasia, by facilitating its binding to and activation by RhoA, and an E3 ligase PIAS1 is responsible for SUMOylation on K1007. As a result, knockdown of PIAS1 in bronchial epithelia inactivates ROCK2 to attenuate IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia, and bronchial epithelial knock-in of ROCK2(K1007R) consistently inactivates ROCK2 to alleviate not only allergen-induced airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and hyperreactivity, but IL-13-induced goblet cell metaplasia. Together, SUMOylation-mediated ROCK2 activation is an integral component of Rho/ROCK signaling in regulating the pathological conditions of asthma and thus SUMOylation is an additional target for the therapeutic intervention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meiping Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yuqing Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Weibo Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Fugen Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, the First People's Hospital of Wenling City, Wenling City, 317500, China
| | - Hangyang Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meiyu Qv
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yana Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiangzhi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiahao Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yangxun He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanfang Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of CFDA for Respiratory Drug Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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3
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Wu D, Jiang W, Liu C, Liu L, Li F, Ma X, Pan L, Liu C, Qu X, Liu H, Qin X, Xiang Y. CTNNAL1 participates in the regulation of mucus overproduction in HDM‐induced asthma mouse model through the YAP‐ROCK2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1656-1671. [PMID: 35092120 PMCID: PMC8899158 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that adhesion molecule catenin alpha‐like 1(CTNNAL1) is downregulated in airway epithelial cells of asthma patients and asthma animal model but little is known about how the CTNNAL1 affects asthma pathogenesis. To reveal the direct relationship between asthma and CTNNAL1, CTNNAL1‐deficient mouse model in bronchopulmonary tissue was constructed by introducing CTNNAL1‐siRNA sequence using adeno‐associated virus (AAV) as vector. The mouse model of asthma was established by stimulation of house dust mite (HDM). After HDM‐challenged, there was marked airway inflammation, especially mucus hypersecretion in the CTNNAL1‐deficient mice. In addition, the CTNNAL1‐deficient mice exhibited an increase of lung IL‐4 and IL‐13 levels, as well as a significant increase of goblet cell hyperplasia and MUC5AC after HDM exposure. The expression of Yes‐associated protein (YAP), protein that interacted with α‐catenin, was downregulated after CTNNAL1 silencing and was upregulated due to its overexpression. In addition, the interaction between CTNNAL1 and YAP was confirmed by CO‐IP. Besides, inhibition of YAP could decrease the secretion of MUC5AC, IL‐4 and IL‐13 in CTNNAL1‐deficient 16HBE14o‐cells. Above results indicated us that CTNNAL1 regulated mucus hypersecretion through YAP pathway. In addition, the expression of ROCK2 increased when CTNNAL1 was silenced and decreased after YAP silencing, and inhibition of YAP decreased the expression of ROCK2 in CTNNAL1‐deficient HBE cells. Inhibition of ROCK2 decreased MUC5AC expression and IL‐13 secretion. In all, our study demonstrates that CTNNAL1 plays an important role in HDM‐induced asthma, mediating mucus secretion through the YAP‐ROCK2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha China
| | - Wang Jiang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Caixia Liu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China
| | - Lexin Liu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha China
| | - Furong Li
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xiaodi Ma
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha China
| | - Lang Pan
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha China
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha China
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4
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Silencing ROCK1 ameliorates ventilator-induced lung injury in mice by inhibiting macrophages' NLRP3 signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108208. [PMID: 34619496 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rho kinase, including two subtypes, ROCK1 and ROCK2, controls a variety of biological processes helping coordinate the tissues response to stress and injury. Some authors believe that alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a key role in the early phase of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), which is closely related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling. However, there is currently little known about the relationship between ROCK signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome. Accordingly, we focused on exploring the effect of ROCK for NLRP3 inflammasome, the results showed that VILI in C57BL/6 mice significantly increased NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase1 expression, and the secretion of cytokines, which was reversed by applying the ROCK Inhibitor-Y27632. Moreover, the use of AMs and mechanical stretching suggested that ROCK regulated transcriptional level of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome in AMs. Specifically, we silenced the ROCK1 and ROCK2 respectively, and found that the inflammation of MH-S cells after LPS and ATP priming could be regulated by ROCK1 and ROCK2, while the NLRP3 was only dependent upon ROCK1. Meantime, the related genes of NLRP3 signal are also regulated by ROCK1. Collectively, our data suggest that silencing ROCK1 ameliorates VILI in mice in part by inhibiting AMs' NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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5
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Wang L, Chitano P, Seow CY. Mechanopharmacology of Rho-kinase antagonism in airway smooth muscle and potential new therapy for asthma. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104995. [PMID: 32534100 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The principle of mechanopharmacology of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is based on the premise that physical agitation, such as pressure oscillation applied to an airway, is able to induce bronchodilation by reducing contractility and softening the cytoskeleton of ASM. Although the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear, there is evidence to suggest that large-amplitude stretches are able to disrupt the actomyosin interaction in the crossbridge cycle and weaken the cytoskeleton in ASM cells. Rho-kinase is known to enhance force generation and strengthen structural integrity of the cytoskeleton during smooth muscle activation and plays a key role in the maintenance of force during prolonged muscle contractions. Synergy in relaxation has been observed when the muscle is subject to oscillatory length change while Rho-kinase is pharmacologically inhibited. In this review, inhibition of Rho-kinase coupled to therapeutic pressure oscillation applied to the airways is explored as a combination treatment for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Pasquale Chitano
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chun Y Seow
- The Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Canada
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6
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Wang L, Chitano P, Paré PD, Seow CY. Upregulation of smooth muscle Rho-kinase protein expression in human asthma. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01785-2019. [PMID: 31727693 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01785-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Respiratory Division, Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada .,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pasquale Chitano
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter D Paré
- Respiratory Division, Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chun Y Seow
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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7
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Shahbazi R, Baradaran B, Khordadmehr M, Safaei S, Baghbanzadeh A, Jigari F, Ezzati H. Targeting ROCK signaling in health, malignant and non-malignant diseases. Immunol Lett 2020; 219:15-26. [PMID: 31904392 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is identified as a critical downstream effector of GTPase RhoA which contains two isoforms, ROCK1 (also known as p160ROCK and ROKβ) and ROCK2 (also known as Rho-kinase and ROKα), the gene of which is placed on chromosomes 18 (18q11.1) and 2 (2p24), respectively. ROCKs have a principal function in the generation of actin-myosin contractility and regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. They represent a chief role in regulating various cellular functions, such as apoptosis, growth, migration, and metabolism through modulation of cytoskeletal actin synthesis, and cellular contraction through phosphorylation of numerous downstream targets. Emerging evidence has indicated that ROCKs present a significant function in cardiac physiology. Of note, dysregulation of ROCKs involves in several cardiac pathological processes like cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, systemic blood pressure disorder, and pulmonary hypertension. Moreover, ROCKs, in addition to their role in regulating renal arteriolar contraction, glomerular blood flow, and filtration, can also play a role in controlling podocytes, tubular cells, and mesangial cell structure and function. Hyperactivity disorder and over-gene expression of Rho/ROCK have been indicated in different cancers. Furthermore, it seems that increasing the expression of mRNA or ROCK protein has an undesirable effect on patient survival and has a positive impact on the progression and worsening of disease prognosis. This review focuses on the physiological and pathological functions of ROCKs with a particular view on its possible value of ROCK inhibitors as a new therapy in cancers and non-cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Shahbazi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14761, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14761, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Monireh Khordadmehr
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14761, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14761, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farinaz Jigari
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hamed Ezzati
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 51665-1647, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Osgood RS, Kasahara DI, Tashiro H, Cho Y, Shore SA. Androgens augment pulmonary responses to ozone in mice. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14214. [PMID: 31544355 PMCID: PMC6755142 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone causes airway hyperresponsiveness, a defining feature of asthma, and is an asthma trigger. In mice, ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is greater in males than in females, suggesting a role for sex hormones in the response to ozone. To examine the role of androgens in these sex differences, we castrated 4-week-old mice. Controls underwent sham surgery. At 8 weeks of age, mice were exposed to ozone (2ppm, 3 h) or room air. Twenty-four hours later, mice were anesthetized and measurements of airway responsiveness to inhaled aerosolized methacholine were made. Mice were then euthanized and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Castration attenuated ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and reduced bronchoalveolar lavage cells. In intact males, flutamide, an androgen receptor inhibitor, had similar effects to castration. Bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of several cytokines were reduced by either castration or flutamide treatment, but only IL-1α was reduced by both castration and flutamide. Furthermore, an anti-IL-1α antibody reduced bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils in intact males, although it did not alter ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Our data indicate that androgens augment pulmonary responses to ozone and that IL-1α may contribute to the effects of androgens on ozone-induced cellular inflammation but not airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross S. Osgood
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - David I. Kasahara
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Hiroki Tashiro
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Youngji Cho
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
| | - Stephanie A. Shore
- Department of Environmental HealthHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusetts
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9
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Zhang W, Li X, Zhang Y. Rho-kinase inhibitor attenuates airway mucus hypersecretion and inflammation partly by downregulation of IL-13 and the JNK1/2-AP1 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:571-577. [PMID: 31235256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We measured the effect of Rho-kinase on inflammation and mucus hypersecretion in the airways of mouse models of asthma. Additionally, we aimed to determine if these effects were the result of JNK 1/2-AP1 pathway inhibition.We sensitized and challenged female C57BL/6 mice using house dust mites (HDM) followed by treatment with an inhibitor of Rho-kinase. Lung tissue was harvested to evaluate inflammation and mucus secretion in the airways of asthma mice. Cytokine expression in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was established by ELISA and airway responsiveness, and was determined by the invasive lung function test. JNK1/2, p-JNK1/2, AP-1, and p-AP-1 protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Asthma model mice that were treated with Rho-kinase inhibitor showed a significantly decrease in inflammation score, inflammatory cells, and airway responsiveness. Additionally, we found that IL-13 expressions in BALF and mucus secretion were decreased in HDM-challenged mice treated with Rho-kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, Rho-kinase inhibitor treatment decreased the expression of JNK1/2 and AP-1 phosphorylation. Our findings indicated that the Rho-kinase inhibitor decreased HDM-induced mucus secretion as well as airway inflammation in asthma mice through regulation of the JNK1/2-AP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Zhang
- Department of geriatric medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300073, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of geriatric medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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10
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Johnson CG, Stober VP, Cyphert-Daly JM, Trempus CS, Flake GP, Cali V, Ahmad I, Midura RJ, Aronica MA, Matalon S, Garantziotis S. High molecular weight hyaluronan ameliorates allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in the mouse. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L787-L798. [PMID: 30188746 PMCID: PMC6425518 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00009.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a major cause of morbidity in both pediatric and adult patients. Recent research has highlighted the role of hyaluronan (HA), an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan, in asthma pathogenesis. Experimental allergic airway inflammation and clinical asthma are associated with an increase of shorter fragments of HA (sHA), which complex with inter-α-inhibitor heavy chains (HCs) and induce inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Importantly, the effects of sHA can be antagonized by the physiological counterpart high molecular weight HA (HMWHA). We used a mouse model of house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation and demonstrated that instilled HMWHA ameliorated allergic airway inflammation and AHR, even when given after the establishment of allergic sensitization and after challenge exposures. Furthermore, instilled HMWHA reduced the development of HA-HC complexes and the activation of Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2. We conclude that airway application of HMWHA is a potential treatment for allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin G Johnson
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Vandy P Stober
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jaime M Cyphert-Daly
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Carol S Trempus
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Gordon P Flake
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Valbona Cali
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ronald J Midura
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mark A Aronica
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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11
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Zhao R, Guo Z, Dong W, Deng C, Han Z, Liu J, Wang H, Zhuang G, Zhang R. Effects of PM2.5 on mucus secretion and tissue remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic rhinosinusitis. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:1349-1355. [PMID: 29999600 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renwu Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Weiyang Dong
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Congrui Deng
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Zhijin Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Hanwei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Guoshun Zhuang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Ruxin Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Huadong Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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12
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Roberts G, Boyle R, Bryce PJ, Crane J, Hogan SP, Saglani S, Wickman M, Woodfolk JA. Developments in the field of allergy mechanisms in 2015 through the eyes of Clinical & Experimental Allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 46:1248-57. [PMID: 27682977 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the first of two papers we described the development in the field of allergy mechanisms as described by Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2015. Experimental models of allergic disease, basic mechanisms, clinical mechanisms and allergens are all covered. A second paper will cover clinical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. .,NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. .,The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK.
| | - R Boyle
- Paediatric Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P J Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Saglani
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J A Woodfolk
- Allergy Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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13
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Kapur R, Shi J, Ghosh J, Munugalavadla V, Sims E, Martin H, Wei L, Mali RS. ROCK1 via LIM kinase regulates growth, maturation and actin based functions in mast cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16936-47. [PMID: 26943578 PMCID: PMC4941361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mast cell development is essential due to their critical role in regulating immunity and autoimmune diseases. Here, we show how Rho kinases (ROCK) regulate mast cell development and can function as therapeutic targets for treating allergic diseases. Rock1 deficiency results in delayed maturation of bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) in response to IL-3 stimulation and reduced growth in response to stem cell factor (SCF) stimulation. Further, integrin-mediated adhesion and migration, and IgE-mediated degranulation are all impaired in Rock1-deficient BMMCs. To understand the mechanism behind altered mast cell development in Rock1-/- BMMCs, we analyzed the activation of ROCK and its downstream targets including LIM kinase (LIMK). We observed reduced activation of ROCK, LIMK, AKT and ERK1/2 in Rock1-deficient BMMCs in response to SCF stimulation. Further, loss of either Limk1 or Limk2 also demonstrated altered BMMC maturation and growth; combined deletion of both Limk1 and Limk2 resulted in further reduction in BMMC maturation and growth. In passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model, deficiency of Rock1 or treatment with ROCK inhibitor Fasudil protected mice against IgE-mediated challenge. Our results identify ROCK/LIMK pathway as a novel therapeutic target for treating allergic diseases involving mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jianjian Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Emily Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Holly Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Raghuveer Singh Mali
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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14
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Pazhoohan S, Raoufy MR, Javan M, Hajizadeh S. Effect of Rho-kinase inhibition on complexity of breathing pattern in a guinea pig model of asthma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187249. [PMID: 29088265 PMCID: PMC5663484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents an episodic and fluctuating behavior characterized with decreased complexity of respiratory dynamics. Several evidence indicate that asthma severity or control is associated with alteration in variability of lung function. The pathophysiological basis of alteration in complexity of breathing pattern in asthma has remained poorly understood. Regarding the point that Rho-kinase is involved in pathophysiology of asthma, in present study we investigated the effect of Rho-kinase inhibition on complexity of respiratory dynamics in a guinea pig model of asthma. Male Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs were exposed to 12 series of inhalations with ovalbumin or saline. Animals were treated by the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (1mM aerosols) prior to each allergen challenge. We recorded respiration of conscious animals using whole-body plethysmography. Exposure to ovalbumin induced lung inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling including goblet cell hyperplasia, increase in the thickness of airways smooth muscles and subepithelial collagen deposition. Complexity analysis of respiratory dynamics revealed a dramatic decrease in irregularity of respiratory rhythm representing less complexity in asthmatic guinea pigs. Inhibition of Rho-kinase reduced the airway remodeling and hyperreponsiveness, but had no significant effect on lung inflammation and complexity of respiratory dynamics in asthmatic animals. It seems that airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling do not significantly affect the complexity of respiratory dynamics. Our results suggest that inflammation might be the probable cause of shift in the respiratory dynamics away from the normal fluctuation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Pazhoohan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MRR); (SH)
| | - Mohammad Javan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sohrab Hajizadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MRR); (SH)
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15
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Kasahara DI, Mathews JA, Ninin FMC, Wurmbrand AP, Liao JK, Shore SA. Role of ROCK2 in CD4 + cells in allergic airways responses in mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:224-235. [PMID: 27886408 PMCID: PMC5280456 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho kinases (ROCKs) contribute to allergic airways disease. ROCKs also play a role in lymphocyte proliferation and migration. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of ROCK2 acting within CD4+ cells in allergic airways responses. METHODS ROCK2-haploinsufficient (ROCK2+/- ) and wild-type mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). ROCK2+/- mice then received either CD4+ cells from ROCK2-sufficient OVA TCR transgenic (OT-II) mice or saline i.v. 48 h before challenge with aerosolized OVA. Wild-type mice received saline before challenge. Allergic airways responses were measured 48 h after the last challenge. Allergic airways responses were also assessed in mice lacking ROCK2 only in CD4+ cells (ROCK2CD4Cre mice) vs. control (CD4-Cre and ROCK2flox/flox ) mice. RESULTS OVA-induced increases in bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes, eosinophils, IL-13, IL-5, and eotaxin were reduced in ROCK2+/- vs. wild-type mice, as were airway hyperresponsiveness and mucous hypersecretion. In ROCK2+/- mice, adoptive transfer with CD4+ cells from OT-II mice restored effects of OVA on lymphocytes, eosinophils, IL-13, IL-5, and mucous hypersecretion to wild-type levels, whereas eotaxin and airway hyperresponsiveness were not affected. ROCK2 inhibitors reduced IL-13-induced release of eotaxin from airway smooth muscle (ASM), similar to effects of these inhibitors on ASM contractility. Despite the ability of adoptive transfer to restore allergic airways inflammation in ROCK2-insufficient mice, allergic inflammation was not different in ROCK2CD4Cre vs. control mice. CONCLUSION ROCK2 contributes to allergic airways responses likely via effects within ASM cells and within non-lymphocyte cells involved in lymphocyte activation and migration into the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I. Kasahara
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - Joel A. Mathews
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - Fernanda M. C. Ninin
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - Allison P. Wurmbrand
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
| | - James K. Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephanie A. Shore
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115-6021
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16
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Xie T, Luo G, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Wu M, Li G. Rho-kinase inhibitor fasudil reduces allergic airway inflammation and mucus hypersecretion by regulating STAT6 and NFκB. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 45:1812-22. [PMID: 26245530 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway mucus hypersecretion is a key pathophysiological feature in asthma. Fasudil, a selective Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, has been used in clinical trials to treat pulmonary hypertension. However, its function in modulating airway mucus hypersecretion in asthma remains undefined. OBJECTIVE We examined whether fasudil, a selective Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, affects the mucus hypersecretion by suppressing MUC5AC via signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 (STAT6) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) in mice and cells. METHODS We measured mucus secretion and the expression of Rho-kinase in the airway tissue of patients with asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) followed with fasudil treatment. The lung tissues were assessed for airway inflammation and mucus secretion. Cytokine levels and airway responsiveness were determined. STAT6 and NFκB were quantified by Western blot. 16HBE cells were stimulated with house dust mite (HDM) extracts. MUC5AC and muc5ac promoter activities were measured. Using siRNA to knockdown STAT6 in epithelial cells, we determined the impact of STAT6 on muc5ac promoter activity. NFκB nuclear translocation was observed with immunostaining. RESULTS Fasudil administration significantly decreased the number of inflammatory cells, inflammation index in the lung and airway responsiveness. Fasudil also reduced mucous secretion and MUC5AC expression in OVA-challenged mice. Fasudil down-regulated the levels of IL-17, IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice. Fasudil also decreased the expression and phosphorylation of NFκB and STAT6 as well as the nuclear translocation of NFκB. In addition, human airway epithelial cells (16HBE) were challenged with HDM extracts and then treated with fasudil. Fasudil inhibited HDM extract-induced MUC5AC expression, which is associated with a reduction in STAT6 and NFκB in epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings indicate that the Rho-A/Rho kinase inhibitor, fasudil, plays a negative regulatory role in allergen-induced mucus secretion and MUC5AC expression by regulating STAT6 and NFκB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xie
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Gy Luo
- Staff Health Clinic, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - X Wang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xy Wang
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - M Wu
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Gp Li
- Inflammations & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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17
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Loirand G. Rho Kinases in Health and Disease: From Basic Science to Translational Research. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:1074-95. [PMID: 26419448 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 are key regulators of actin cytoskeleton dynamics downstream of Rho GTPases that participate in the control of important physiologic functions, S including cell contraction, migration, proliferation, adhesion, and inflammation. Several excellent review articles dealing with ROCK function and regulation have been published over the past few years. Although a brief overview of general molecular, biochemical, and functional properties of ROCKs is included, an effort has been made to produce an original work by collecting and synthesizing recent studies aimed at translating basic discoveries from cell and experimental models into knowledge of human physiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, and medical therapeutics. This review points out the specificity and distinct roles of ROCK1 and ROCK2 isoforms highlighted in the last few years. Results obtained from genetically modified mice and genetic analysis in humans are discussed. This review also addresses the involvement of ROCKs in human diseases and the potential use of ROCK activity as a biomarker or a pharmacological target for specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervaise Loirand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1087, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
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18
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Lambert JA, Song W. Ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness: roles of ROCK isoforms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1394-7. [PMID: 26519207 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00353.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ozone (O3) inhalation has been shown to cause airway and pulmonary epithelial injury with accompanying inflammation responses. Robust evidence exists that O3 induces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in humans and in animal models. Several pathways exist that culminate in airway smooth muscle contraction, but the mechanism(s) by which O3 elicits AHR are unclear. Here, we review the recent report by Kasahara et al. (Kasahara DI, Mathews JA, Park CY, Cho Y, Hunt G, Wurmbrand AP, Liao JK, Shore SA. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 309: L736-L746, 2015.) describing the role of two Rho kinase (ROCK) isoforms in O3-induced AHR utilizing a murine haploinsufficiency model. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, the authors report that ROCK1(+/-) and ROCK2(+/-) mice exhibited significantly reduced AHR following acute exposure to O3. Additionally, WT mice treated with fasudil, an FDA-approved ROCK1/2 inhibitor, recapitulated reduction in AHR as seen in ROCK haplotypes. It was suggested that, although the two ROCK isoforms are both induced by Rho, they have different mechanisms by which they mediate O3-induced AHR: ROCK1 via hyaluronan signaling vs. ROCK2 acting downstream of inflammation at the level of airway smooth muscle contraction. These observations provide an important framework to develop novel ROCK-targeting therapies for acute O3-induced AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Lambert
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Weifeng Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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19
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Kasahara DI, Mathews JA, Park CY, Cho Y, Hunt G, Wurmbrand AP, Liao JK, Shore SA. ROCK insufficiency attenuates ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L736-46. [PMID: 26276827 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00372.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone causes airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and pulmonary inflammation. Rho kinase (ROCK) is a key regulator of smooth muscle cell contraction and inflammatory cell migration. To determine the contribution of the two ROCK isoforms ROCK1 and ROCK2 to ozone-induced AHR, we exposed wild-type, ROCK1(+/-), and ROCK2(+/-) mice to air or ozone (2 ppm for 3 h) and evaluated mice 24 h later. ROCK1 or ROCK2 haploinsufficiency did not affect airway responsiveness in air-exposed mice but significantly reduced ozone-induced AHR, with a greater reduction in ROCK2(+/-) mice despite increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) inflammatory cells in ROCK2(+/-) mice. Compared with wild-type mice, ozone-induced increases in BAL hyaluronan, a matrix protein implicated in ozone-induced AHR, were lower in ROCK1(+/-) but not ROCK2(+/-) mice. Ozone-induced increases in other inflammatory moieties reported to contribute to ozone-induced AHR (IL-17A, osteopontin, TNFα) were not different in wild-type vs. ROCK1(+/-) or ROCK2(+/-) mice. We also observed a dose-dependent reduction in ozone-induced AHR after treatment with the ROCK1/ROCK2 inhibitor fasudil, even though fasudil was administered after induction of inflammation. Ozone increased pulmonary expression of ROCK2 but not ROCK1 or RhoA. A ROCK2 inhibitor, SR3677, reduced contractile forces in primary human airway smooth muscle cells, confirming a role for ROCK2 in airway smooth muscle contraction. Our results demonstrate that ozone-induced AHR requires ROCK. Whereas ROCK1-dependent changes in hyaluronan may contribute to ROCK1's role in O3-induced AHR, the role of ROCK2 is downstream of inflammation, likely at the level of airway smooth muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Kasahara
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Joel A Mathews
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Chan Y Park
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Youngji Cho
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Gabrielle Hunt
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Allison P Wurmbrand
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - James K Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephanie A Shore
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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20
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IL-4 and IL-13 signaling in allergic airway disease. Cytokine 2015; 75:68-78. [PMID: 26070934 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant production of the prototypical type 2 cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 has long been associated with the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. Despite tremendous scientific inquiry, the similarities in their structure, and receptor usage have made it difficult to ascertain the distinct role that these two look-alike cytokines play in the onset and perpetuation of allergic inflammation. However, recent discoveries of differences in receptor distribution, utilization/assembly and affinity between IL-4 and IL-13, along with the discovery of unique innate lymphoid 2 cells (ILC2) which preferentially produce IL-13, not IL-4, are beginning to shed light on these mysteries. The purpose of this chapter is to review our current understanding of the distinct roles that IL-4 and IL-13 play in allergic inflammatory states and the utility of their modulation as potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of allergic disorders.
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