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Ho S, Cooke F, Ramos A, McQuaid EL, Sharma H, Herbert LJ. Anxiety among youth with food allergy. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:473-481. [PMID: 38679905 PMCID: PMC11258805 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anxiety is among the major psychological concerns for children living with food allergy (FA). Yet research exploring the variables driving anxiety symptoms in FA remains sparse, and most studies still utilize homogeneous samples to assess anxiety symptoms. The current study seeks to evaluate the rates of clinically significant anxiety symptoms among a diverse sample of youth with FA and examine whether a heightened risk perception of FA outcomes and FA burden (vs. FA medical history) is associated with anxiety in youth. METHODS 94 youth ages 10-14 and their parents were recruited from FA clinics at a mid-Atlantic children's hospital. Both youth and parents completed demographic and FA medical history questionnaires, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, and the Food Allergy Independent Measure as part of a longitudinal study about FA adjustment and adherence. RESULTS Over a third (37%) of youth scored above clinical cut-offs for overall anxiety symptoms. At least 25% of youth reported clinically significant scores on panic disorder, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, separation anxiety, and school avoidance subscales. Perception of risk of adverse FA outcomes and burden-but not FA medical history-were associated with total anxiety, generalized anxiety, panic disorder, and school avoidance symptoms, but not social anxiety and separation anxiety. Having more FAs was associated with higher social anxiety scores but not with other anxiety subscales. CONCLUSIONS Youth with FA might benefit from psychosocial interventions that address FA risk perception management and promote appropriate FA vigilance to cope with anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Ho
- Center for Translational Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Frances Cooke
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ashley Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Elizabeth L McQuaid
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital/Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
| | - Hemant Sharma
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Linda Jones Herbert
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
- Division of Psychology and Behavioral Health, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
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2
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Yanagida N, Sato S, Ebisawa M. Relationship between eliciting doses and the severity of allergic reactions to food. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:226-232. [PMID: 37185827 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Food allergies with low thresholds are associated with frequent accidental allergic reactions. Severe reactions attributable to accidental ingestion often result in a poor quality of life. Nevertheless, no evidence of a relationship between a low threshold dose and the severity of symptoms exists. Therefore, we evaluated recent data regarding the threshold of food allergies based on the oral food challenge (OFC). We also proposed a stepwise OFC method to identify threshold and consumable doses. RECENT FINDINGS A higher specific IgE level and a history of food-induced anaphylaxis were related to low threshold doses and severe reactions during the OFC. In addition, a low threshold dose was not directly correlated with severe reactions. Performing a stepwise OFC may help safely clarify consumable doses and prevent the complete avoidance of allergy-causing foods. SUMMARY Severe food allergies with high specific IgE levels are associated with lower thresholds and more severe reactions. However, the threshold is not directly related to the severity of food-induced allergic symptoms. Identifying a well tolerated consumable dose using a stepwise OFC may help manage food allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Yanagida
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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3
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Do No Harm: Risk vs. Benefit of the Approach to Childhood Food Allergy. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-022-00322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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Personalized management for unmet needs with food allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:160-166. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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LI K, Cao X, He Z, Liu L. The Effect of Experience on Anxiety in Food Safety Incidents—An Empirical Study on Infant Formula Safety Incidents in China. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010138. [PMID: 35052301 PMCID: PMC8776098 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant formula incidents have endangered the dietary safety and healthy growth of infants and young children and are triggers of the public’s negative emotions, attracting widespread public attention. The aim of this research was to explore how perceived knowledge gap, risk perception, past actual risk experience, and media risk experience affect anxiety. The research data obtained from 506 respondents were divided into groups with actual risk experience and without actual risk experience. Then, PLS-SEM was used to analyze the data. The results show that risk perception mediated the relationship between perceived knowledge gap and anxiety. Specifically, for the group with actual risk experience, perceived knowledge gap had a significant direct impact on anxiety; however, there was no moderation effect of media experience on the relationship between perceived knowledge gap and risk perception. For the group without actual risk experience, perceived knowledge gap had no direct effect on anxiety, and media experience had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between perceived knowledge gap and risk perception. The results suggest that in infant formula safety incidents, actual risk experience and media risk experience have different influence mechanisms on anxiety. Actual risk experience will directly and intuitively bridge the relationship between perceived knowledge gap and anxiety. Meanwhile, groups without actual risk experience tend to be influenced by rational risk judgment, and this process is moderated by media risk experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke LI
- School of Journalism and Communication, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (K.L.); (X.C.); (Z.H.)
- Center for Studies of Media Development, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- School of Journalism and Communication, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (K.L.); (X.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Zhiwei He
- School of Journalism and Communication, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (K.L.); (X.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Liqun Liu
- National Institute of Cultural Development, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence:
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6
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Westwell-Roper C, To S, Andjelic G, Lu C, Lin B, Soller L, Chan ES, Stewart SE. Food-allergy-specific anxiety and distress in parents of children with food allergy: A systematic review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13695. [PMID: 34779046 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenting a child with food allergy (FA) can lead to impaired quality of life and family functioning. Anxiety is a critical component of FA-associated distress and a potential target for therapeutic intervention. This systematic review aimed to clarify the concept of FA-specific anxiety (FAA) and its antecedents, consequences, and correlates and to determine the extent to which existing FA-specific outcome measures capture symptoms of parental distress and FAA. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL were searched for qualitative and quantitative studies examining distress or anxiety in parents of children with FA through August 2020. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020208316) and conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS Ninety-eight studies were included in the final narrative synthesis. Most participants were mothers, and reporting of demographic data was limited. Parents identified anxiety as the most burdensome form of FA-specific emotional distress. Several allergy-related factors as well as medical and psychosocial interventions were associated with reduced parental anxiety and distress. However, affective, cognitive, and behavioral dimensions of FAA were only partially addressed by existing measures for general anxiety symptoms and FA-specific parental factors. CONCLUSIONS FAA contributes to distress and functional impairment among parents of children with FA. Current FA-specific parent measures fail to adequately capture dimensions of FAA, suggesting that further work is needed to improve the assessment and monitoring of FAA and its impacts. Characterization of this construct represents an initial step in developing standardized methods for assessing and monitoring FAA in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Westwell-Roper
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sharon To
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gordan Andjelic
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cynthia Lu
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Boyee Lin
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lianne Soller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Edmond S Chan
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Zurzolo GA, Campbell DE, Said M, Peters RL, Dharmage SC. Anaphylaxis to foods purchased from food establishments in Australia. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:77-82. [PMID: 34260784 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Food establishments that sell non-packaged foods are not required to have a food label directly on the food product detailing the ingredients. This practice could increase the risk of anaphylaxis among individuals with food allergy. The aim of the study is to understand whether anaphylaxis occurs commonly in individuals with food allergy as a consequence of eating food products purchased from food establishments. METHODS We undertook an anonymous on-line cross-sectional survey of food allergic individuals over a 9-month period. Anaphylaxis was defined as reported symptoms consistent with the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy definition of anaphylaxis. RESULTS A total of 268 responses were received over the study period and 264 consented and completed the questionnaire. Among our survey participants, the rate of anaphylaxis to food purchased from establishments was 27% (n = 67/246, 95% confidence interval 21.8-33.3%). Of those who reported an anaphylaxis (n = 67), 87% reported informing staff of their/their dependents food allergy/s. Most (81%) reported that they would like to see additional information, such as listing of allergen information next to dishes on the menu and 61% reported that staff pro-actively asking about food allergies would be beneficial. CONCLUSION Anaphylaxis from food purchased at food establishments is not uncommon despite a high proportion of individuals declaring their food allergy to staff. Consumers with food allergy would like to see allergen information listed on the menus and for staff to proactively enquire about food allergies. A food allergen matrix that is regularly checked/updated so staff and consumers have easy access to information on menu items and common allergens is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Zurzolo
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Food & Allergy Research (CFAR), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dianne E Campbell
- Centre for Food & Allergy Research (CFAR), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Allergy and Immunology The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Said
- Allergy & Anaphylaxis Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel L Peters
- Centre for Food & Allergy Research (CFAR), Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Roberts G, Allen K, Ballmer-Weber B, Clark A, Crevel R, Dunn Galvin A, Fernandez-Rivas M, Grimshaw KEC, Hourihane JO, Poulsen LK, van Ree R, Regent L, Remington B, Schnadt S, Turner PJ, Mills ENC. Identifying and managing patients at risk of severe allergic reactions to food: Report from two iFAAM workshops. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 49:1558-1566. [PMID: 31631439 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy affects a small but important number of children and adults. Much of the morbidity associated with food allergy is driven by the fear of a severe reaction and fatalities continue to occur. Foods are the commonest cause of anaphylaxis. One of the aims of the European Union-funded Integrated Approaches to Food Allergen and Allergy Risk Management (iFAAM) project was to improve the identification and management of children and adults at risk of experiencing a severe reaction. A number of interconnected studies within the project have focused on quantifying the severity of allergic reactions; the impact of food matrix, immunological factors on severity of reactions; the impact of co-factors such as medications on the severity of reactions; utilizing single-dose challenges to understand threshold and severity of reactions; and community studies to understand the experience of patients suffering real-life allergic reactions to food. Associated studies have examined population thresholds and co-factors such as exercise and stress. This paper summarizes two workshops focused on the severity of allergic reactions to food. It outlines the related studies being undertaken in the project indicating how they are likely to impact on our ability to identify individuals at risk of severe reactions and improve their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Roberts
- University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - Katie Allen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Clinic for Dermatology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Clark
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rene Crevel
- René Crevel Consulting Ltd, Bedford, UK.,Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, UK
| | - Audrey Dunn Galvin
- Applied Psychology and Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Clınico San Carlos, IdISSC, ARADyAL, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lars K Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital at Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sabine Schnadt
- German Allergy and Asthma Association, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Paul J Turner
- Section of Paediatrics (Allergy and Infectious Diseases), Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E N Clare Mills
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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9
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Weinhold T, Del Zotto M, Rochat J, Schiro J, Pelayo S, Marcilly R. Improving the safety of disposable auto-injection devices: a systematic review of use errors. AAPS OPEN 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41120-018-0027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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10
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Roberts G. Peanut allergy, anaphylaxis, adrenaline and exacerbations of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 46:1504-1505. [PMID: 27893943 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK
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11
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Community Pharmacy Use by Children across Europe: A Narrative Literature Review. PHARMACY 2018; 6:pharmacy6020051. [PMID: 29867012 PMCID: PMC6024996 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy6020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of community pharmacies across Europe has potential to alleviate the burden on overstretched healthcare providers. Children and young people (0–18 years) account for a large number of primary care attendances. This narrative literature review between January 2000 and December 2017 examines the use of community pharmacy by paediatric patients in Europe. The results report both positive and negative perceptions of community pharmacy by parents and children, opportunities for an extended role in Europe, as well as the need for further training. The main limitations were the inclusion of English language papers only and an initial review of the literature carried out by a single researcher. It remains to be seen whether a ‘new-look’ role of the community pharmacist is practical and in alignment with specific European Commission and national policies.
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12
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Roberts G, Boyle R, Crane J, Hogan SP, Saglani S, Wickman M, Woodfolk JA. Developments in the field of allergy in 2016 through the eyes of Clinical and Experimental Allergy. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1512-1525. [PMID: 29068551 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we described the development in the field of allergy as described by Clinical and Experimental Allergy in 2016. Experimental models of allergic disease, basic mechanisms, clinical mechanisms, allergens, asthma and rhinitis, and clinical allergy are all covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK
| | - R Boyle
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S P Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Saglani
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J A Woodfolk
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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13
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Boyle RJ, Umasunthar T, Smith JG, Hanna H, Procktor A, Phillips K, Pinto C, Gore C, Cox HE, Warner JO, Vickers B, Hodes M. A brief psychological intervention for mothers of children with food allergy can change risk perception and reduce anxiety: Outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:1309-1317. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Boyle
- Section of Paediatrics; Imperial College London; London UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - T. Umasunthar
- Section of Paediatrics; Imperial College London; London UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - J. G. Smith
- Population Health Research Institute; St. George's, University of London; London UK
| | - H. Hanna
- Section of Paediatrics; Imperial College London; London UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - A. Procktor
- Section of Paediatrics; Imperial College London; London UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - K. Phillips
- Section of Paediatrics; Imperial College London; London UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - C. Pinto
- Section of Paediatrics; Imperial College London; London UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - C. Gore
- Section of Paediatrics; Imperial College London; London UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - H. E. Cox
- Section of Paediatrics; Imperial College London; London UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - J. O. Warner
- Section of Paediatrics; Imperial College London; London UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
| | - B. Vickers
- Adolescent Assertive Outreach Team; South West London and St Georges’ Mental Health NHS Trust; London UK
| | - M. Hodes
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust; London UK
- Centre for Mental Health; Imperial College London; London UK
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Food allergies have become more common, and management involves dietary avoidance that can impair quality of life. Patients and families must manage the daily risk of anaphylaxis at each meal. The purpose of this review is to describe the impact of food allergies on quality of life and to provide an update on new developments in food allergy management, particularly peanut allergy. RECENT FINDINGS Food allergy requires careful avoidance of common and ubiquitous dietary allergens. Living with food allergy is associated with annual economic costs in excess of $4000 per child, in addition to risks of anxiety and depressive symptoms. An expert panel sponsored by the 2017 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases published addendum guidelines for the prevention of peanut allergy, which suggest three separate approaches to peanut protein introduction for infants at various levels of risk. SUMMARY Clinicians must be aware of underappreciated burdens faced by children and families with food allergies. Management involves a partnership between primary and specialty care. Mitigation strategies to improve quality of life for patients include efforts to avoid overdiagnosis in synergy with balanced counseling about the risks of food allergies. Experimental food allergen desensitization can improve quality of life but remains investigational at this time. For patients with significant anxiety, interdisciplinary management involving professional counseling may be helpful. Risk stratification and early introduction of peanut protein can help prevent the development of peanut allergy.
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