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Kumagai S, Itahashi K, Nishikawa H. Regulatory T cell-mediated immunosuppression orchestrated by cancer: towards an immuno-genomic paradigm for precision medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:337-353. [PMID: 38424196 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant signalling stemming from genetic abnormalities in cancer cells has a fundamental role in their evasion of antitumour immunity. Immune escape mechanisms include enhanced expression of immunosuppressive molecules, such as immune-checkpoint proteins, and the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, including regulatory T (Treg) cells, in the tumour microenvironment. Therefore, Treg cells are key targets for cancer immunotherapy. Given that therapies targeting molecules predominantly expressed by Treg cells, such as CD25 or GITR, have thus far had limited antitumour efficacy, elucidating how certain characteristics of cancer, particularly genetic abnormalities, influence Treg cells is necessary to develop novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Hence, Treg cell-targeted strategies based on the particular characteristics of cancer in each patient, such as the combination of immune-checkpoint inhibitors with molecularly targeted agents that disrupt the immunosuppressive networks mediating Treg cell recruitment and/or activation, could become a new paradigm of cancer therapy. In this Review, we discuss new insights on the mechanisms by which cancers generate immunosuppressive networks that attenuate antitumour immunity and how these networks confer resistance to cancer immunotherapy, with a focus on Treg cells. These insights lead us to propose the concept of 'immuno-genomic precision medicine' based on specific characteristics of cancer, especially genetic profiles, that correlate with particular mechanisms of tumour immune escape and might, therefore, inform the optimal choice of immunotherapy for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Kumagai
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Cellular Signalling, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kota Itahashi
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Cancer Immunology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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2
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Wang D, Cabalag CS, Clemons NJ, DuBois RN. Cyclooxygenases and Prostaglandins in Tumor Immunology and Microenvironment of Gastrointestinal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1813-1829. [PMID: 34606846 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a known risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer. The evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress the incidence, growth, and metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer supports the concept that a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug target, cyclooxygenase, and its downstream bioactive lipid products may provide one of the links between inflammation and cancer. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway can promote gastrointestinal cancer development. Although the role of this pathway in cancer has been investigated extensively for 2 decades, only recent studies have described its effects on host defenses against transformed epithelial cells. Overcoming tumor-immune evasion remains one of the major challenges in cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the impacts of the cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway on gastrointestinal cancer development. Our focus was to highlight recent advances in our understanding of how this pathway induces tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Carlos S Cabalag
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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3
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Yang J, Wen Z, Li W, Sun X, Ma J, She X, Zhang H, Tu C, Wang G, Huang D, Shen X, Dong J, Zhang H. Immune Microenvironment: New Insight for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:570241. [PMID: 33628741 PMCID: PMC7897671 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.570241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the main treatment for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is surgery, however, surgery is far from ideal as there are many complications such as uncontrollable bowel movements, pouch inflammation, anastomotic stricture, and secondary fibroids. Therefore, it is necessary to further expand the understanding of FAP and develop new treatments for FAP. The immune microenvironment including immune cells and cytokines, plays an important role in FAP and the progression of FAP to adenocarcinoma, thus it may be a promising treatment for FAP. In the current review, we summarized the recent progress in the immune microenvironment of FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengqi Wen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xianghua Sun
- Department of Cadre Recuperation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Junrui Ma
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueke She
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Changling Tu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Depei Huang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Shen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hushan Zhang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
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Faluyi OO, Hull MA, Markham AF, Bonifer C, Coletta PL. Reduction in the resident intestinal myelomonocytic cell population occurs during ApcMin/+ mouse intestinal tumorigenesis. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:263. [PMID: 33664826 PMCID: PMC7884874 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With its significant contribution to cancer mortality globally, advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) requires new treatment strategies. However, despite recent good results for mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient CRC and other malignancies, such as melanoma, the vast majority of MMR-proficient CRCs are resistant to checkpoint inhibitor (CKI) therapy. MMR-proficient CRCs commonly develop from precursor adenomas with enhanced Wnt-signalling due to adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations. In melanomas with enhanced Wnt signalling due to stabilized β-catenin, immune anergy and resistance to CKI therapy has been observed, which is dependent on micro-environmental myelomonocytic (MM) cell depletion in melanoma models. However, MM populations of colorectal adenomas or CRC have not been studied. To characterize resident intestinal MM cell populations during the early stages of tumorigenesis, the present study utilized the ApcMin/+ mouse as a model of MMR-proficient CRC, using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression in the mouse lysozyme (M-lys) lys-EGFP/+ mouse as a pan-myelomonocytic cell marker and a panel of murine macrophage surface markers. Total intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMNC) numbers significantly decreased with age (2.32±1.39×107 [n=4] at 33 days of age vs. 1.06±0.24×107 [n=8] at 109 days of age) during intestinal adenoma development in ApcMin/+ mice (P=0.05; unpaired Student's t-test), but not in wild-type littermates (P=0.35). Decreased total LPMNC numbers were associated with atrophy of intestinal lymphoid follicles and the absence of MM/lymphoid cell aggregates in ApcMin/+ mouse intestine, but not spleen, compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, during the early stage of intestinal adenoma development, there was a two-fold reduction of M-lys expressing cells (P=0.05) and four-fold reduction of ER-HR3 (macrophage sub-set) expressing cells (P=0.05; two tailed Mann-Whitney U test) in mice with reduced total intestinal LPMNCs (n=3). Further studies are necessary to determine the relevance of these findings to immune-surveillance of colorectal adenomas or MMR-proficient CRC CKI therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola O Faluyi
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK.,Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Bebington, Wirral, Merseyside CH63 4JY, UK.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside L69 3BX, UK
| | - Mark A Hull
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Alexander F Markham
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
| | - P Louise Coletta
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, Yorkshire LS9 7TF, UK
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Sui H, Zhang L, Gu K, Chai N, Ji Q, Zhou L, Wang Y, Ren J, Yang L, Zhang B, Hu J, Li Q. YYFZBJS ameliorates colorectal cancer progression in Apc Min/+ mice by remodeling gut microbiota and inhibiting regulatory T-cell generation. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:113. [PMID: 32677955 PMCID: PMC7367414 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of Colorectal cancer (CRC) is influenced by single or compounded environmental factors. Accumulating evidence shows that microbiota can influence the outcome of cancer immunotherapy. T cell, one of the main populations of effector immune cells in antitumor immunity, has been considered as a double-edged sword during the progression of CRC. Our previous studies indicate that traditional Chinese herbs (TCM) have potential anticancer effects in improving quality of life and therapeutic effect. However, little is known about the mechanism of TCM formula in cancer prevention. METHODS Here, we used C57BL/6 J ApcMin/+ mice, an animal model of human intestinal tumorigenesis, to investigate the gut bacterial diversity and their mechanisms of action in gastrointestinal adenomas, and to evaluate the effects of Yi-Yi-Fu-Zi-Bai-Jiang-San (YYFZBJS) on of colon carcinogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Through human-into-mice fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments from YYFZBJS volunteers or control donors, we were able to differentially modulate the tumor microbiome and affect tumor growth as well as tumor immune infiltration. RESULTS We report herein, YYFZBJS treatment blocked tumor initiation and progression in ApcMin/+ mice with less change of body weight and increased immune function. Moreover, diversity analysis of fecal samples demonstrated that YYFZBJS regulated animal's natural gut flora, including Bacteroides fragilis, Lachnospiraceae and so on. Intestinal tumors from conventional and germ-free mice fed with stool from YYFZBJS volunteers had been decreased. Some inflammation' expression also have been regulated by the gut microbiota mediated immune cells. Intestinal lymphatic, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), accumulated CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3 positive Treg cells were reduced by YYFZBJS treatment in ApcMin/+ mice. Although YYFZBJS had no inhibition on CRC cell proliferation by itself, the altered Tregs mediated by YYFZBJS repressed CRC cancer cell growth, along with reduction of the phosphorylation of β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we demonstrated that gut microbiota and Treg were involved in CRC development and progression, and we propose YYFZBJS as a new potential drug option for the treatment of CRC. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Kaijuan Gu
- Preclinical Medicine College of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ni Chai
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, P.R. China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Junze Ren
- Changhai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Limei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Bimeng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Rd, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Hu
- Preclinical Medicine College of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rd, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China. .,Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
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6
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for gastrointestinal cancer and other diseases. Most studies have focused on cytokines and chemokines as mediators connecting chronic inflammation to cancer, whereas the involvement of lipid mediators, including prostanoids, has not been extensively investigated. Prostanoids are among the earliest signaling molecules released in response to inflammation. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that prostanoids are involved in gastrointestinal cancer. In this Review, we discuss how prostanoids impact gastrointestinal cancer development. In particular, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how prostaglandin E2 induces the immunosuppressive microenvironment in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond N DuBois
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Research and Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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