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Afshari AR, Sanati M, Ahmadi SS, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Harnessing the capacity of phytochemicals to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy of cancers: A focus on brain malignancies. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216955. [PMID: 38750720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are challenging health issues with frequent unmet aspects. Today, discovering safe and effective therapeutic modalities for brain tumors is among the top research interests. Immunotherapy is an emerging area of investigation in cancer treatment. Since immune checkpoints play fundamental roles in repressing anti-cancer immunity, diverse immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed, and some monoclonal antibodies have been approved clinically for particular cancers; nevertheless, there are significant concerns regarding their efficacy and safety in brain tumors. Among the various tools to modify the immune checkpoints, phytochemicals show good effectiveness and excellent safety, making them suitable candidates for developing better ICIs. Phytochemicals regulate multiple immunological checkpoint-related signaling pathways in cancer biology; however, their efficacy for clinical cancer immunotherapy remains to be established. Here, we discussed the involvement of immune checkpoints in cancer pathology and summarized recent advancements in applying phytochemicals in modulating immune checkpoints in brain tumors to highlight the state-of-the-art and give constructive prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Vilela T, Valente S, Correia J, Ferreira F. Advances in immunotherapy for breast cancer and feline mammary carcinoma: From molecular basis to novel therapeutic targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189144. [PMID: 38914239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The role of inflammation in cancer is a topic that has been investigated for many years. As established, inflammation emerges as a defining characteristic of cancer, presenting itself as a compelling target for therapeutic interventions in the realm of oncology. Controlling the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained paramount significance, modifying not only the effectiveness of immunotherapy but also modulating the outcomes and prognoses of standard chemotherapy and other anticancer treatments. Immunotherapy has surfaced as a central focus within the domain of tumor treatments, using immune checkpoint inhibitors as cancer therapy. Immune checkpoints and their influence on the tumor microenvironment dynamic are presently under investigation, aiming to ascertain their viability as therapeutic interventions across several cancer types. Cancer presents a significant challenge in humans and cats, where female breast cancer ranks as the most prevalent malignancy and feline mammary carcinoma stands as the third most frequent. This review seeks to summarize the data about the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) respective ongoing investigations as prospective targets for therapy for human breast cancer, while also outlining findings from studies reported on feline mammary carcinoma (FMC), strengthening the rationale for employing FMC as a representative model in the exploration of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Vilela
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Valente
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; CIISA-Center of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; CIISA-Center of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Xie H, Zhong X, Chen J, Wang S, Huang Y, Yang N. VISTA Deficiency Exacerbates the Development of Pulmonary Fibrosis by Promoting Th17 Differentiation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3983-3999. [PMID: 38911987 PMCID: PMC11194012 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s458651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD), characterized by pulmonary fibrosis (PF), represents the end-stage of various ILDs. The immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PF. V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint with immune suppressive functions. However, its specific role in the development of PF and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Methods We assessed the expression of VISTA in CD4 T cells from patients with connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). Spleen cells from wild-type (WT) or Vsir -/- mice were isolated and induced for cell differentiation in vitro. Additionally, primary lung fibroblasts were isolated and treated with interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Mice were challenged with bleomycin (BLM) following VISTA blockade or Vsir knockout. Moreover, WT or Vsir -/- CD4 T cells were transferred into Rag1 -/- mice, which were then challenged with BLM. Results VISTA expression was decreased in CD4 T cells from patients with CTD-ILD. Vsir deficiency augmented T-helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, IL-17A enhanced the production of inflammatory cytokines, as well as the differentiation and migration of lung fibroblasts. Both VISTA blockade and knockout of Vsir increased the percentage of IL-17A-producing Th17 cells and promoted BLM-induced PF. In addition, mice receiving Vsir -/- CD4 T cells exhibited a higher percentage of Th17 cells and more severe PF compared to those receiving WT CD4 T cells. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the significant role of VISTA in modulating the development of PF by controlling Th17 cell differentiation. These insights suggest that targeting VISTA could be a promising therapeutic strategy for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuexin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junlin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuefang Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Niansheng Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
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Arslan-Kahraman DI, Ogut B, Inan MA, Kazanci F, Onan MA, Erdem M, Erdem O. Comparison of PD-L1, VISTA, LAG-3, and GAL-3 Expressions and Their Relationships to Mismatch Repair Protein and p53 Expression in 529 Cases of Endometrial Carcinoma. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2024:00004347-990000000-00175. [PMID: 38914021 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the expressions of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), and galectin-3 (GAL-3), in mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd)/MMR-proficient and abnormal p53 expressing endometrial carcinomas and their relationship with clinical-histopathological features. Patients who underwent surgery for endometrial carcinoma between January 2008 and December 2018 were included in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis of MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6, p53, PD-L1, VISTA, LAG-3, and GAL-3 was performed on the tissue samples of microarray. A total of 529 patients were included. MMRd and p53-mutant tumors accounted for 31.5% and 11.5% of cases, respectively. PD-L1 and LAG-3 expressions in the MMRd and p53-mutant groups were higher than in the MMR-proficient group (P < 0.001). GAL-3 expression in the MMR-proficient group was statistically higher than in the MMRd and p53-mutant groups (P < 0.001). Mean age, grade, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis were significantly higher in the p53-mutant group (P < 0.001). In the group with PD-L1 expression, nonendometrioid histologic type, tumor grade, and lymphovascular invasion were significantly higher (P < 0.001). Tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis, and microcystic, elongated and fragmented pattern of invasion were significantly higher in the group with high VISTA expression (P < 0.05). Tumor grade was significantly higher in the group with LAG-3 expression (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemically determined subgroups and PD-L1, VISTA, LAG-3, and GAL-3 expression levels may be useful indicators of molecular features, and clinical outcomes also may have important implications for the development of targeted therapies in endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betul Ogut
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arda Inan
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ferah Kazanci
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Anil Onan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdem
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Erdem
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Liu J, Wang C, Jiang Y, Zhou Y, Chen L, Qian Z, Liu L, Wu D, Zhang Y. Comprehensive characterization of B7 family members in breast cancer: B7-H5 switch reverses breast cancer from "immuno-cold" into "immuno-hot" status. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:205. [PMID: 38858701 PMCID: PMC11165836 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The members of the classic B7 family regulate the immune microenvironment of several malignant tumors. However, the potential relationship between the B7 family and the breast cancer (BrCa) tumor immune microenvironment has remained elusive. In the present study, we provide a comprehensive explanation of the expression, clinical significance, mutation, and immune cell infiltration of B7 family molecules in BrCa. First, we recruited 10 patients with BrCa surgery from the Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital and performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to investigate the distribution of B7 family members in multiple immune cell subsets. We focused on B7-2, B7-H3, and B7-H5 molecules of the B7 family and constructed tumor microarrays by self-recruiting patients to perform multiple immunohistochemical (mIHC) analyses and study tumor expression of B7-2, B7-H3, B7-H5 and CD8+ immune cell infiltration. B7-H5 displayed a strong correlation with CD8+ immune cell infiltration. In summary, B7-H5 provides a new perspective for the identification of immunothermal subtypes of BrCa and could function as a switch to reverse BrCa from an "immunologically cold" state to an "immunologically hot" state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No.48 Huaishu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China
| | - Cenzhu Wang
- Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 214000, China
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No.48 Huaishu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China
| | - Yunxu Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No.48 Huaishu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Zhiwen Qian
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, 214000, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214002, China
| | - Danping Wu
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214002, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, No.48 Huaishu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, 214002, China.
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Berland L, Gabr Z, Chang M, Ilié M, Hofman V, Rignol G, Ghiringhelli F, Mograbi B, Rashidian M, Hofman P. Further knowledge and developments in resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1384121. [PMID: 38903504 PMCID: PMC11188684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1384121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed a revolution in cancer treatment, shifting from conventional drugs (chemotherapies) towards targeted molecular therapies and immune-based therapies, in particular immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These immunotherapies release the host's immune system against the tumor and have shown unprecedented durable remission for patients with cancers that were thought incurable, such as metastatic melanoma, metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), microsatellite instability (MSI) high colorectal cancer and late stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, about 80% of the patients fail to respond to these immunotherapies and are therefore left with other less effective and potentially toxic treatments. Identifying and understanding the mechanisms that enable cancerous cells to adapt to and eventually overcome therapy can help circumvent resistance and improve treatment. In this review, we describe the recent discoveries on the onco-immunological processes which govern the tumor microenvironment and their impact on the resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Berland
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zeina Gabr
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Chang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marius Ilié
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033–00025), Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Véronique Hofman
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033–00025), Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Guylène Rignol
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
| | - Mohamad Rashidian
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul Hofman
- Inserm U1081 Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN) Team 4, Université Côte d’Azur, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Federation Hospitalo Universitaire (FHU) OncoAge, Pasteur Hospital, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire (IHU) RespirERA, Nice, France
- Hospital-Integrated Biobank (BB-0033–00025), Pasteur Hospital, Nice, France
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Jlassi A, Rejaibi R, Manai M, Sahraoui G, Guerfali FZ, Charfi L, Mezlini A, Manai M, Mrad K, Doghri R. VISTA/CTLA4/PD1 coexpression on tumor cells confers a favorable immune microenvironment and better prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1352053. [PMID: 38634058 PMCID: PMC11022690 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1352053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunotherapy by blocking immune checkpoints programmed death/ligand (PD1/PDL1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4(CTLA4) has emerged as new therapeutic targets in cancer. However, their efficacy has been limited due to resistance. A new- checkpoint V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) has appeared, but the use of its inhibition effect in combination with antibodies targeting PDL1/PD1and CTLA4 has not been reported in ovarian cancer. Methods In this study, we investigated the expressions of VISTA, CTLA4, and PDL1 using immunohistochemistry (IHC)on 135 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE)tissue samples of High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSOC). VISTA, CTLA4, PDL1, PD1, CD8, CD4, and FOXP3 mRNA extracted from 429 patients with ovarian cancer in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was included as a validation cohort. Correlations between these checkpoints, tumor-infiltrating- lymphocytes (TILs), and survival were analyzed. Results and discussion CTLA4 was detectable in 87.3% of samples, VISTA in 64.7%, PD1 in 56.7%, and PDL1 in 48.1%. PDL1 was the only tested protein associated with an advanced stage (p=0.05). VISTA was associated with PDL1, PD1, and CTLA4 expressions (p=0.005, p=0.001, p=0.008, respectively), consistent with mRNA level analysis from the TCGA database. Univariate analyses showed only VISTA expression (p=0.04) correlated with overall survival (OS). Multivariate analyses showed that VISTA expression (p=0.01) and the coexpression of VISTA+/CTLA4+/PD1+ (p=0.05) were associated with better OS independently of the clinicopathological features. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the coexpression of the VISTA+/CTLA4+/PDL1+ and VISTA+/CTLA4+/PD1+ checkpoints on tumor cells (TCs)were associated with OS (p=0.02 and p<0.001; respectively). VISTA+/CTLA4+/PD1+ in TCs and CD4+/CD8+TILswere associated with better 2-yer OS. This correlation may refer to the role of VISTA as a receptor in the TCs and not in the immune cells. Thus, targeting combination therapy blocking VISTA, CTLA4, and PD1 could be a novel and attractive strategy for HGSOC treatment, considering the ambivalent role of VISTA in the HGSOC tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Jlassi
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Rim Rejaibi
- Department of Biology, Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Manai
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Sahraoui
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Zahra Guerfali
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Charfi
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Mezlini
- Medical Oncology Department, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Manai
- Department of Biology, Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Karima Mrad
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Doghri
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
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Wang F, Fu K, Wang Y, Pan C, Wang X, Liu Z, Yang C, Zheng Y, Li X, Lu Y, To KKW, Xia C, Zhang J, Shi Z, Hu Z, Huang M, Fu L. Small-molecule agents for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:905-952. [PMID: 38486980 PMCID: PMC10935485 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, exemplified by the remarkable clinical benefits of the immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, is revolutionizing cancer therapy. They induce long-term tumor regression and overall survival benefit in many types of cancer. With the advances in our knowledge about the tumor immune microenvironment, remarkable progress has been made in the development of small-molecule drugs for immunotherapy. Small molecules targeting PRR-associated pathways, immune checkpoints, oncogenic signaling, metabolic pathways, cytokine/chemokine signaling, and immune-related kinases have been extensively investigated. Monotherapy of small-molecule immunotherapeutic drugs and their combinations with other antitumor modalities are under active clinical investigations to overcome immune tolerance and circumvent immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance. Here, we review the latest development of small-molecule agents for cancer immunotherapy by targeting defined pathways and highlighting their progress in recent clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Can Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Kenneth Kin Wah To
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zeping Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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9
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Zhang Q, Yang C, Gao X, Dong J, Zhong C. Phytochemicals in regulating PD-1/PD-L1 and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Phytother Res 2024; 38:776-796. [PMID: 38050789 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical treatment and preclinical studies have highlighted the role of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer treatment. Research has been devoted to developing immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with other drugs to achieve better efficacy or reduce adverse effects. Phytochemicals sourced from vegetables and fruits have demonstrated antiproliferative, proapoptotic, anti-migratory, and antiangiogenic effects against several cancers. Phytochemicals also modulate the tumor microenvironment such as T cells, regulatory T cells, and cytokines. Recently, several phytochemicals have been reported to modulate immune checkpoint proteins in in vivo or in vitro models. Phytochemicals decreased programmed cell death ligand-1 expression and synergized programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody to suppress tumor growth. Combined administration of phytochemicals and PD-1 monoclonal antibody enhanced the tumor growth inhibition as well as CD4+ /CD8+ T-cell infiltration. In this review, we discuss immune checkpoint molecules as potential therapeutic targets of cancers. We further assess the impact of phytochemicals including carotenoids, polyphenols, saponins, and organosulfur compounds on cancer PD-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 immune checkpoint molecules and document their combination effects with immune checkpoint inhibitors on various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenying Yang
- Yinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, China
| | - Xingsu Gao
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ju Dong
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Rezagholizadeh F, Tajik F, Talebi M, Taha SR, Shariat Zadeh M, Farhangnia P, Hosseini HS, Nazari A, Mollazadeh Ghomi S, Kamrani Mousavi SM, Haeri Moghaddam N, Khorramdelazad H, Joghataei MT, Safari E. Unraveling the potential of CD8, CD68, and VISTA as diagnostic and prognostic markers in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1283364. [PMID: 38357542 PMCID: PMC10865497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1283364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic cancer is a truculent disease with limited treatment options and a grim prognosis. Immunotherapy has shown promise in treating various types of cancer, but its effectiveness in pancreatic cancer has been lacking. As a result, it is crucial to identify markers associated with immunological pathways in order to improve the treatment outcomes for this deadly cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of three markers, CD8, CD68, and VISTA, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common subtype of pancreatic cancer. Methods We analyzed gene expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database using bioinformatics tools. We also utilized the STRING online tool and Funrich software to study the protein-protein interactions and transcription factors associated with CD8, CD68, and VISTA. In addition, tissue microarray (TMA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were performed on 228 samples of PDAC tissue and 10 samples of normal pancreatic tissue to assess the expression levels of the markers. We then correlated these expression levels with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients and evaluated their survival rates. Results The analysis of the GEO data revealed slightly elevated levels of VISTA in PDAC samples compared to normal tissues. However, there was a significant increase in CD68 expression and a notable reduction in CD8A expression in pancreatic cancer. Further investigation identified potential protein-protein interactions and transcription factors associated with these markers. The IHC staining of PDAC tissue samples showed an increased expression of VISTA, CD68, and CD8A in pancreatic cancer tissues. Moreover, we found correlations between the expression levels of these markers and certain clinicopathological features of the patients. Additionally, the survival analysis revealed that high expression of CD8 was associated with better disease-specific survival and progression-free survival in PDAC patients. Conclusion These findings highlight the potential of CD8, CD68, and VISTA as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Rezagholizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tajik
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Talebi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pooya Farhangnia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Sadat Hosseini
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aram Nazari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mollazadeh Ghomi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Mahtab Kamrani Mousavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Haeri Moghaddam
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Safari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Najjary S, de Koning W, Kros JM, Mustafa DAM. Unlocking molecular mechanisms and identifying druggable targets in matched-paired brain metastasis of breast and lung cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1305644. [PMID: 38149244 PMCID: PMC10750385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of brain metastases in cancer patients is increasing, with lung and breast cancer being the most common sources. Despite advancements in targeted therapies, the prognosis remains poor, highlighting the importance to investigate the underlying mechanisms in brain metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the molecular mechanisms involved in brain metastasis of breast and lung cancers. In addition, we aimed to identify cancer lineage-specific druggable targets in the brain metastasis. Methods To that aim, a cohort of 44 FFPE tissue samples, including 22 breast cancer and 22 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and their matched-paired brain metastases were collected. Targeted gene expression profiles of primary tumors were compared to their matched-paired brain metastases samples using nCounter PanCancer IO 360™ Panel of NanoString technologies. Pathway analysis was performed using gene set analysis (GSA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The validation was performed by using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) to confirm the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Results Our results revealed the significant upregulation of cancer-related genes in primary tumors compared to their matched-paired brain metastases (adj. p ≤ 0.05). We found that upregulated differentially expressed genes in breast cancer brain metastasis (BM-BC) and brain metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma (BM-LUAD) were associated with the metabolic stress pathway, particularly related to the glycolysis. Additionally, we found that the upregulated genes in BM-BC and BM-LUAD played roles in immune response regulation, tumor growth, and proliferation. Importantly, we identified high expression of the immune checkpoint VTCN1 in BM-BC, and VISTA, IDO1, NT5E, and HDAC3 in BM-LUAD. Validation using immunohistochemistry further supported these findings. Conclusion In conclusion, the findings highlight the significance of using matched-paired samples to identify cancer lineage-specific therapies that may improve brain metastasis patients outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dana A. M. Mustafa
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Ritu, Chandra P, Das A. Immune checkpoint targeting antibodies hold promise for combinatorial cancer therapeutics. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4297-4322. [PMID: 37804358 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Through improving the immune system's ability to recognize and combat tumor cells as well as its receptivity to changes in the tumor microenvironment, immunotherapy has emerged as a highly successful addition to the treatment of cancer. However, tumor heterogeneity poses a significant challenge in cancer therapy as it can undermine the anti-tumor immune response through the manipulation of the extracellular matrix. To address these challenges and improve targeted therapies and combination treatments, the food and drug administration has approved several immunomodulatory antibodies to suppress immunological checkpoints. Combinatorial therapies necessitate the identification of multiple targets that regulate the intricate communication between immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and cellular responses within the tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the ongoing clinical trials involving immunomodulatory antibodies in various cancer types. It explores the potential of these antibodies to modulate the immune system and enhance anti-tumor responses. Additionally, it discusses the perspectives and prospects of immunomodulatory therapeutics in cancer treatment. Although immunotherapy shows great promise in cancer treatment, it is not exempt from side effects that can arise due to hyperactivity of the immune system. Therefore, understanding the intricate balance between immune activation and regulation is crucial for minimizing these adverse effects and optimizing treatment outcomes. This study aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding immunomodulatory antibodies and their potential as effective therapeutic options in cancer treatment, ultimately paving the way for improved patient outcomes and deepening our perception of the intricate interactivity between the immune system and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, New Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Prakash Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, New Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, New Delhi, 110042, India.
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13
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Liu Z, Xu X, Liu H, Zhao X, Yang C, Fu R. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for multiple myeloma immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:99. [PMID: 38017516 PMCID: PMC10685608 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is related to immune disorders, recent studys have revealed that immunotherapy can greatly benefit MM patients. Immune checkpoints can negatively modulate the immune system and are closely associated with immune escape. Immune checkpoint-related therapy has attracted much attention and research in MM. However, the efficacy of those therapies need further improvements. There need more thoughts about the immune checkpoint to translate their use in clinical work. In our review, we aggregated the currently known immune checkpoints and their corresponding ligands, further more we propose various ways of potential translation applying treatment based on immune checkpoints for MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xintong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xianghong Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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14
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Shekari N, Shanehbandi D, Kazemi T, Zarredar H, Baradaran B, Jalali SA. VISTA and its ligands: the next generation of promising therapeutic targets in immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:265. [PMID: 37936192 PMCID: PMC10631023 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel negative checkpoint receptor (NCR) primarily involved in maintaining immune tolerance. It has a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders and cancer and has shown promising results as a therapeutic target. However, there is still some ambiguity regarding the ligands of VISTA and their interactions with each other. While V-Set and Immunoglobulin domain containing 3 (VSIG-3) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1(PSGL-1) have been extensively studied as ligands for VISTA, the others have received less attention. It seems that investigating VISTA ligands, reviewing their functions and roles, as well as outcomes related to their interactions, may allow an understanding of their full functionality and effects within the cell or the microenvironment. It could also help discover alternative approaches to target the VISTA pathway without causing related side effects. In this regard, we summarize current evidence about VISTA, its related ligands, their interactions and effects, as well as their preclinical and clinical targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najibeh Shekari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Zarredar
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Shen C, Chai W, Han J, Zhang Z, Liu X, Yang S, Wang Y, Wang D, Wan F, Fan Z, Hu H. Identification and validation of a dysregulated TME-related gene signature for predicting prognosis, and immunological properties in bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1213947. [PMID: 37965307 PMCID: PMC10641729 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1213947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During tumor growth, tumor cells interact with their tumor microenvironment (TME) resulting in the development of heterogeneous tumors that promote tumor occurrence and progression. Recently, there has been extensive attention on TME as a possible therapeutic target for cancers. However, an accurate TME-related prediction model is urgently needed to aid in the assessment of patients' prognoses and therapeutic value, and to assist in clinical decision-making. As such, this study aimed to develop and validate a new prognostic model based on TME-associated genes for BC patients. Methods Transcriptome data and clinical information for BC patients were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and IMvigor210 databases, along with the MSigDB, were utilized to identify genes associated with TMEs (TMRGs). A consensus clustering approach was used to identify molecular clusters associated with TMEs. LASSO Cox regression analysis was conducted to establish a prognostic TMRG-related signature, with verifications being successfully conducted internally and externally. Gene ontology (GO), KEGG, and single-sample gene set enrichment analyses (ssGSEA) were performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The potential response to ICB therapy was estimated using the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm and Immunophenoscore (IPS). Additionally, it was found that the expression level of certain genes in the model was significantly correlated with objective responses to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 treatment in the IMvigor210, GSE111636, GSE176307, or Truce01 (registration number NCT04730219) cohorts. Finally, real-time PCR validation was performed on 10 paired tissue samples, and in vitro cytological experiments were also conducted on BC cell lines. Results In BC patients, 133 genes differentially expressed that were associated with prognosis in TME. Consensus clustering analysis revealed three distinct clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes. A novel prognostic model based on nine TMRGs (including C3orf62, DPYSL2, GZMA, SERPINB3, RHCG, PTPRR, STMN3, TMPRSS4, COMP) was identified, and a TMEscore for OS prediction was constructed, with its reliable predictive performance in BC patients being validated. MultiCox analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor. A nomogram was developed to facilitate the clinical viability of TMEscore. Based on GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, biological processes related to ECM and collagen binding were significantly enriched among high-risk individuals. In addition, the low-risk group, characterized by a higher number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells and a lower burden of tumor mutations, demonstrated a longer survival time. Our study also found that TMEscore correlated with drug susceptibility, immune cell infiltration, and the prediction of immunotherapy efficacy. Lastly, we identified SERPINB3 as significantly promoting BC cells migration and invasion through differential expression validation and in vitro phenotypic experiments. Conclusion Our study developed a prognostic model based on nine TMRGs that accurately and stably predicted survival, guiding individual treatment for patients with BC, and providing new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wang Chai
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingwen Han
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shaobo Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinlei Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghuai Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fangxin Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenqian Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China
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16
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Noelle RJ, Lines JL, Lewis LD, Martell RE, Guillaudeux T, Lee SW, Mahoney KM, Vesely MD, Boyd-Kirkup J, Nambiar DK, Scott AM. Clinical and research updates on the VISTA immune checkpoint: immuno-oncology themes and highlights. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1225081. [PMID: 37795437 PMCID: PMC10547146 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1225081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints limit the activation of the immune system and serve an important homeostatic function but can also restrict immune responses against tumors. Inhibition of specific immune checkpoint proteins such as the B7:CD28 family members programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has transformed the treatment of various cancers by promoting the anti-tumor activation of immune cells. In contrast to these effects, the V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) regulates the steady state of the resting immune system and promotes homeostasis by mechanisms distinct from PD-1 and CTLA-4. The effects of VISTA blockade have been shown to include a decrease in myeloid suppression coupled with proinflammatory changes by mechanisms that are separate and distinct from other immune checkpoint proteins; in some preclinical studies these immune effects appear synergistic. Given the potential benefits of VISTA blockade in the context of cancer therapy, the second Annual VISTA Symposium was convened virtually on September 23, 2022, to review new research from investigators and immuno-oncology experts. Discussions in the meeting extended the knowledge of VISTA biology and the effects of VISTA inhibition, particularly on cells of the myeloid lineage and resting T cells, as three candidate anti-VISTA antibodies are in, or nearing, clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randolph J. Noelle
- ImmuNext Inc., Lebanon, NH, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - J. Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Lionel D. Lewis
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Cancer Center, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Robert E. Martell
- Curis, Inc., Lexington, MA, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Sam W. Lee
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Mahoney
- Department of Medical, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Matthew D. Vesely
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Dhanya K. Nambiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Andrew M. Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health and Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lei X, Wang Y, Broens C, Borst J, Xiao Y. Immune checkpoints targeting dendritic cells for antibody-based modulation in cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 382:145-179. [PMID: 38225102 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells which link innate to adaptive immunity. DC play a central role in regulating antitumor T-cell responses in both tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) and the tumor microenvironment (TME). They modulate effector T-cell responses via immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs) that can be either stimulatory or inhibitory. Functions of DC are often impaired by the suppressive TME leading to tumor immune escape. Therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms of action of ICPs expressed by (tumor-infiltrating) DC will lead to potential new treatment strategies. Genetic manipulation and high-dimensional analyses have provided insight in the interactions between DC and T-cells in TDLN and the TME upon ICP targeting. In this review, we discuss (tumor-infiltrating) DC lineage cells and tumor tissue specific "mature" DC states and their gene signatures in relation to anti-tumor immunity. We also review a number of ICPs expressed by DC regarding their functions in phagocytosis, DC activation, or inhibition and outline position in, or promise for clinical trials in cancer immunotherapy. Collectively, we highlight the critical role of DC and their exact status in the TME for the induction and propagation of T-cell immunity to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lei
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yizhi Wang
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Chayenne Broens
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie Borst
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yanling Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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18
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Yadav R, Hakobyan N, Wang JC. Role of Next Generation Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor (ICI) Therapy in Philadelphia Negative Classic Myeloproliferative Neoplasm (MPN): Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12502. [PMID: 37569880 PMCID: PMC10420159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph-) myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), which include essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and myelofibrosis (MF), are enduring and well-known conditions. These disorders are characterized by the abnormal growth of one or more hematopoietic cell lineages in the body's stem cells, leading to the enlargement of organs and the manifestation of constitutional symptoms. Numerous studies have provided evidence indicating that the pathogenesis of these diseases involves the dysregulation of the immune system and the presence of chronic inflammation, both of which are significant factors. Lately, the treatment of cancer including hematological malignancy has progressed on the agents aiming for the immune system, cytokine environment, immunotherapy agents, and targeted immune therapy. Immune checkpoints are the molecules that regulate T cell function in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The first line of primary immune checkpoints are programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICIT) exerts its anti-tumor actions by blocking the inhibitory pathways in T cells and has reformed cancer treatment. Despite the impressive clinical success of ICIT, tumor internal resistance poses a challenge for oncologists leading to a low response rate in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A Phase II trial on nivolumab for patients with post-essential thrombocythemia myelofibrosis, primary myelofibrosis, or post-polycythemia myelofibrosis was performed (Identifier: NCT02421354). This trial tested the efficacy of a PD-1 blockade agent, namely nivolumab, but was terminated prematurely due to adverse events and lack of efficacy. A multicenter, Phase II, single-arm open-label study was conducted including pembrolizumab in patients with primary thrombocythemia, post-essential thrombocythemia or post-polycythemia vera myelofibrosis that were ineligible for or were previously treated with ruxolitinib. This study showed that pembrolizumab treatment did not have many adverse events, but there were no pertinent clinical responses hence it was terminated after the first stage was completed. To avail the benefits from immunotherapy, the paradigm has shifted to new immune checkpoints in the TME such as lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), V-domain immunoglobulin-containing suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), and human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) forming the basis of next-generation ICIT. The primary aim of this article is to underscore and elucidate the significance of next-generation ICIT in the context of MPN. Specifically, we aim to explore the potential of monoclonal antibodies as targeted immunotherapy and the development of vaccines targeting specific MPN epitopes, with the intent of augmenting tumor-related immune responses. It is anticipated that these therapeutic modalities rooted in immunotherapy will not only expand but also enhance the existing treatment regimens for patients afflicted with MPN. Preliminary studies from our laboratory showed over-expressed MDSC and over-expressed VISTA in MDSC, and in progenitor and immune cells directing the need for more clinical trials using next-generation ICI in the treatment of MPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA; (R.Y.); (N.H.)
| | - Narek Hakobyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA; (R.Y.); (N.H.)
| | - Jen-Chin Wang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA
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19
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Khazan N, Quarato ER, Singh NA, Snyder CWA, Moore T, Miller JP, Yasui M, Teramoto Y, Goto T, Reshi S, Hong J, Zhang N, Pandey D, Srivastava P, Morell A, Kawano H, Kawano Y, Conley T, Sahasrabudhe DM, Yano N, Miyamoto H, Aljitawi O, Liesveld J, Becker MW, Calvi LM, Zhovmer AS, Tabdanov ED, Dokholyan NV, Linehan DC, Hansen JN, Gerber SA, Sharon A, Khera MK, Jurutka PW, Rochel N, Kim KK, Rowswell-Turner RB, Singh RK, Moore RG. Vitamin D Receptor Antagonist MeTC7 Inhibits PD-L1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3432. [PMID: 37444542 PMCID: PMC10340436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of PD-L1 are postulated to control immune evasion in tumors similar to antibodies that target the PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint axis. However, the identity of targetable PD-L1 inducers is required to develop small-molecule PD-L1 inhibitors. In this study, using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay and siRNA, we demonstrate that vitamin D/VDR regulates PD-L1 expression in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) cells. We have examined whether a VDR antagonist, MeTC7, can inhibit PD-L1. To ensure that MeTC7 inhibits VDR/PD-L1 without off-target effects, we examined competitive inhibition of VDR by MeTC7, utilizing ligand-dependent dimerization of VDR-RXR, RXR-RXR, and VDR-coactivators in a mammalian 2-hybrid (M2H) assay. MeTC7 inhibits VDR selectively, suppresses PD-L1 expression sparing PD-L2, and inhibits the cell viability, clonogenicity, and xenograft growth of AML cells. MeTC7 blocks AML/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) adhesion and increases the efferocytotic efficiency of THP-1 AML cells. Additionally, utilizing a syngeneic colorectal cancer model in which VDR/PD-L1 co-upregulation occurs in vivo under radiation therapy (RT), MeTC7 inhibits PD-L1 and enhances intra-tumoral CD8+T cells expressing lymphoid activation antigen-CD69. Taken together, MeTC7 is a promising small-molecule inhibitor of PD-L1 with clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Khazan
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Emily R. Quarato
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Niloy A. Singh
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Cameron W. A. Snyder
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Taylor Moore
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - John P. Miller
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Masato Yasui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.Y.)
| | - Yuki Teramoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.Y.)
| | - Takuro Goto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.Y.)
| | - Sabeeha Reshi
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jennifer Hong
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Naixin Zhang
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Diya Pandey
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Alexandra Morell
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Hiroki Kawano
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (T.C.)
| | - Yuko Kawano
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (T.C.)
| | - Thomas Conley
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (T.C.)
| | - Deepak M. Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (T.C.)
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Division of Surgical Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.Y.)
| | - Omar Aljitawi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (T.C.)
| | - Jane Liesveld
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (T.C.)
| | - Michael W. Becker
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (T.C.)
| | - Laura M. Calvi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (T.C.)
| | - Alexander S. Zhovmer
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Erdem D. Tabdanov
- CytoMechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Translational Systems Research, Penn State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - David C. Linehan
- Division of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jeanne N. Hansen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
| | - Scott A. Gerber
- Division of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | | | - Peter W. Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Health Futures Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Natacha Rochel
- Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Kyu Kwang Kim
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Rachael B. Rowswell-Turner
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
| | - Richard G. Moore
- Wilmot Cancer Institute and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA (A.M.); (K.K.K.); (R.G.M.)
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20
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Chmiel P, Gęca K, Michalski A, Kłosińska M, Kaczyńska A, Polkowski WP, Pelc Z, Skórzewska M. Vista of the Future: Novel Immunotherapy Based on the Human V-Set Immunoregulatory Receptor for Digestive System Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9945. [PMID: 37373091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While gastrointestinal tumors remain a multifactorial and prevalent group of malignancies commonly treated surgically in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, advancements regarding immunotherapeutic approaches continue to occur. Entering a new era of immunotherapy focused on overcoming resistance to preceding therapies caused the emergence of new therapeutic strategies. A promising solution surfaces with a V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), a negative regulator of a T-cell function expressed in hematopoietic cells. Due to VISTA's ability to act as both a ligand and a receptor, several therapeutic approaches can be potentially developed. A broad expression of VISTA was discovered on various tumor-growth-controlling cells, which proved to increase in specific tumor microenvironment (TME) conditions, thus serving as a rationale behind the development of new VISTA-targeting. Nevertheless, VISTA's ligands and signaling pathways are still not fully understood. The uncertain results of clinical trials suggest the need for future examining inhibitor agents for VISTA and implicating a double immunotherapeutic blockade. However, more research is needed before the breakthrough can be achieved. This review discusses perspectives and novel approaches presented in the current literature. Based on the results of the ongoing studies, VISTA might be considered a potential target in combined therapy, especially for treating gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chmiel
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gęca
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Michalski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Martyna Kłosińska
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczyńska
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech P Polkowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Pelc
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skórzewska
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13 St., 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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21
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Ziogas DC, Theocharopoulos C, Lialios PP, Foteinou D, Koumprentziotis IA, Xynos G, Gogas H. Beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1 Inhibition: Novel Immune Checkpoint Molecules for Melanoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2718. [PMID: 37345056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
More than ten years after the approval of ipilimumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against PD-1 and CTLA-4 have been established as the most effective treatment for locally advanced or metastatic melanoma, achieving durable responses either as monotherapies or in combinatorial regimens. However, a considerable proportion of patients do not respond or experience early relapse, due to multiple parameters that contribute to melanoma resistance. The expression of other immune checkpoints beyond the PD-1 and CTLA-4 molecules remains a major mechanism of immune evasion. The recent approval of anti-LAG-3 ICI, relatlimab, in combination with nivolumab for metastatic disease, has capitalized on the extensive research in the field and has highlighted the potential for further improvement of melanoma prognosis by synergistically blocking additional immune targets with new ICI-doublets, antibody-drug conjugates, or other novel modalities. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of presently published immune checkpoint molecules, including LAG-3, TIGIT, TIM-3, VISTA, IDO1/IDO2/TDO, CD27/CD70, CD39/73, HVEM/BTLA/CD160 and B7-H3. Beginning from their immunomodulatory properties as co-inhibitory or co-stimulatory receptors, we present all therapeutic modalities targeting these molecules that have been tested in melanoma treatment either in preclinical or clinical settings. Better understanding of the checkpoint-mediated crosstalk between melanoma and immune effector cells is essential for generating more effective strategies with augmented immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Ziogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Charalampos Theocharopoulos
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis-Petros Lialios
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Foteinou
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis-Alexios Koumprentziotis
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Xynos
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Gogas
- First Department of Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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22
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Najjary S, Kros JM, de Koning W, Vadgama D, Lila K, Wolf J, Mustafa DAM. Tumor lineage-specific immune response in brain metastatic disease: opportunities for targeted immunotherapy regimen? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:64. [PMID: 37061716 PMCID: PMC10105417 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases in the brain are the most severe and devastating complication of cancer. The incidence of brain metastasis is increasing. Therefore, the need of finding specific druggable targets for brain metastasis is demanding. The aim of this study was to compare the brain (immune) response to brain metastases of the most common tumor lineages, viz., lung adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. Targeted gene expression profiles of 11 brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (BM-LUAD) were compared to 11 brain metastasis of breast cancer (BCBM) using NanoString nCounter PanCancer IO 360™ Panel. The most promising results were validated spatially using the novel GeoMx™ Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) Technology. Additionally, Immune cell profiles and expression of drug targets were validated by multiplex immunohistochemistry. We found a more active immune response in BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. In the BM-LUAD, 138 genes were upregulated as compared to BCBM (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Conversely, in BCBM 28 genes were upregulated (adj. p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, genes related to CD45 + cells, T cells, and cytotoxic T cells showed to be expressed higher in BM-LUAD compared to BCBM (adj. p = 0.01, adj. p = 0.023, adj. p = 0.023, respectively). The spatial quantification of the immune cells using the GeoMx DSP technique revealed the significantly higher quantification of CD14 and CD163 in tumor regions of BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. Importantly, the immune checkpoint VISTA and IDO1 were identified as highly expressed in the BM-LUAD. Multiplex immunohistochemistry confirmed the finding and showed that VISTA is expressed mainly in BM-LUAD tumor cells, CD3 + cells, and to fewer levels in some microglial cells in BM-LUAD. This is the first report on differences in the brain immune response between metastatic tumors of different lineages. We found a far more extensive infiltration of immune cells in BM-LUAD as compared to BCBM. In addition, we found higher expression of VISTA and IDO1 in BM-LUAD. Taken together, targeted immune therapy should be considered to treat patients with BM-LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Najjary
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M Kros
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem de Koning
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Disha Vadgama
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karishma Lila
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janina Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dana A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, The Tumor Immuno-Pathology Laboratory, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Sadeghirad H, Liu N, Monkman J, Ma N, Cheikh BB, Jhaveri N, Tan CW, Warkiani ME, Adams MN, Nguyen Q, Ladwa R, Braubach O, O’Byrne K, Davis M, Hughes BGM, Kulasinghe A. Compartmentalized spatial profiling of the tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma identifies immune checkpoint molecules and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members as biomarkers of response to immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1135489. [PMID: 37153589 PMCID: PMC10154785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1135489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are the seventh most common cancer, with approximately 50% of patients living beyond 5 years. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising results in patients with recurrent or metastatic (R/M) disease, however, only a subset of patients benefit from immunotherapy. Studies have implicated the tumor microenvironment (TME) of HNSCC as a major factor in therapy response, highlighting the need to better understand the TME, particularly by spatially resolved means to determine cellular and molecular components. Here, we employed targeted spatial profiling of proteins on a cohort of pre-treatment tissues from patients with R/M disease to identify novel biomarkers of response within the tumor and stromal margins. By grouping patient outcome categories into response or non-response, we show that immune checkpoint molecules, including PD-L1, B7-H3, and VISTA, were differentially expressed. Patient responders possessed significantly higher tumor expression of PD-L1 and B7-H3, but lower expression of VISTA. Analysis of response subgroups by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria indicated that tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily members including OX40L, CD27, 4-1BB, CD40, and CD95/Fas, were associated with immunotherapy outcome. OX40L expression in tumor regions was higher in patient-responders than those with progressive disease (PD), while other TNFR members, CD27 and CD95/Fas were lower expressed in patients with a partial response (PR) compared to those with PD. Furthermore, we found that high 4-1BB expression in the tumor compartment, but not in the stroma, was associated with better overall survival (OS) (HR= 0.28, p-adjusted= 0.040). Moreover, high CD40 expression in tumor regions (HR= 0.27, p-adjusted= 0.035), and high CD27 expression in the stroma (HR= 0.2, p-adjusted=0.032) were associated with better survival outcomes. Taken together, this study supports the role of immune checkpoint molecules and implicates the TNFR superfamily as key players in immunotherapy response in our cohort of HNSCC. Validation of these findings in a prospective study is required to determine the robustness of these tissue signatures.
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24
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Xiao LP, Zhou LN, Chen JJ, Zhang Y, Tang XM, Zhou J. [A preliminary study on the role of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2023; 25:272-277. [PMID: 36946162 PMCID: PMC10032065 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2211105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the expression of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) in peripheral blood of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and its role in the pathogenesis of JIA. METHODS In this prospective study, peripheral blood was collected from 47 children with different subtypes of JIA and 10 healthy children. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression levels of VISTA, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on CD14+ mononuclear cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD8+ T lymphocytes. RESULTS The children with JIA had a significantly lower expression level of VISTA than the healthy children (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the expression of VISTA between the children with different subtypes of JIA, with the lowest expression level in those with systemic JIA (P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in the expression of VISTA between different immune cells, with a significantly higher expression level on the surface of monocytes (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that VISTA was negatively correlated with the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α on CD4+ T cells (r=-0.436 and -0.382 respectively, P<0.05), CD8+ T cells (r=-0.348 and -0.487 respectively, P<0.05), and CD14+ mononuclear cells (r=-0.582 and -0.603 respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The insufficient expression of VISTA may be associated with the pathogenesis of JIA, and enhancing the immunomodulatory effect of VISTA might be one option for the treatment of JIA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Li-Na Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xue-Mei Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
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VISTA H-Score Is Significantly Associated with a 5-Year DFS Rate in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041619. [PMID: 36836154 PMCID: PMC9967884 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer in the world. Despite its prevalence, it is often recognized in advanced stages (III or IV) when it has already spread to local lymph nodes. In this study, we investigate the V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) as a potential prognostic factor in OSCC. Tissue samples were collected from 71 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients to determine protein expression levels (using immunochemistry and the semi-quantitative H-score method). Moreover, RT-qPCR was additionally performed in 35 patients. Clinical factors in our cohort study had no impact on VISTA expression. However, VISTA expression is largely correlated with Il-33 levels in tumor cells and lymphocytes and with PD-L1 in tumor cells. The impact of VISTA expression on overall survival (OS) is rather limited, but in the case of a 5-year survival rate, a significant association has been proven. VISTA seems to be a rather weak clinicopathological marker but needs further evaluation in the context of survival. In addition, the potential of VISTA combination with Il-33 or PD-L1 should be further investigated in OSCC.
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Sadeghirad H, Bahrami T, Layeghi SM, Yousefi H, Rezaei M, Hosseini-Fard SR, Radfar P, Warkiani ME, O'Byrne K, Kulasinghe A. Immunotherapeutic targets in non-small cell lung cancer. Immunology 2023; 168:256-272. [PMID: 35933597 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of cancer in the world and has a 5-year survival rate of ~20%. Immunotherapies have shown promising results leading to durable responses, however, they are only effective for a subset of patients. To determine the best therapeutic approach, a thorough and in-depth profiling of the tumour microenvironment (TME) is required. The TME is a complex network of cell types that form an interconnected network, promoting tumour cell initiation, growth and dissemination. The stroma, immune cells and endothelial cells that comprise the TME generate a plethora of cytotoxic or cytoprotective signalling pathways. In this review, we discuss immunotherapeutic targets in NSCLC tumours and how the TME may influence patients' response to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Sadeghirad
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tayyeb Bahrami
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Sepideh M Layeghi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Meysam Rezaei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Seyed R Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payar Radfar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Majid E Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Mo S, Zong L, Chen X, Ban X, Li M, Lu Z, Yu S, Chen J. Expression and Prognostic Value of B7 Family Immune Checkpoints in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2023; 147:193-201. [PMID: 35671167 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0377-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare malignancies with heterogeneous clinical courses requiring novel prognosticators and therapies. B7 family molecules have an important role in various cancers; however, these have not been distinguished in PanNETs. OBJECTIVE.— To investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2), B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3), B7 homolog 4 (B7-H4), and V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) in 182 PanNETs (with a high proportion of functioning versus nonfunctioning PanNETs: 51% versus 49%). DESIGN.— Molecules were immunostained by using tissue microarrays from 182 patients with grade 1/2 PanNETs. VISTA-positive microvessel density (VISTA+ MVD) was evaluated in 4 high-power fields (HPFs) (×200) and mean count was calculated; immune cells with 1% or greater VISTA staining were considered positive. PD-L1 tumoral expression was considered positive in samples with 5% or more membranous staining. Tumoral VISTA, stromal PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, and B7-H4 expression were deemed positive if any staining was observed. RESULTS.— VISTA+ MVD was high (≥10.8/HPF) in 45 patients (25%), while VISTA stained positively on immune and tumor cells in 121 (66%) and 0 patients, respectively. Positive PD-L1 tumoral and stromal expression was observed in 23 (13%) and 0 patients, with positive B7-H3 expression in 76 (42%) and 98 (54%) patients, respectively, in these cells; PD-L2 and B7-H4 were not detected. PD-L1 positivity rate was high in functioning PanNETs. Stromal B7-H3 and high VISTA+ MVD correlated with unfavorable clinicopathologic features. Moreover, high VISTA+ MVD was an independent predictor of shorter progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS.— VISTA may serve as a prognosticator and immunotherapeutic target for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Mo
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Mo and Zong contributed equally to this work
| | - Liju Zong
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Mo and Zong contributed equally to this work
| | - Xianlong Chen
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinchao Ban
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Lu
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangni Yu
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- From the Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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28
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Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy or combined with other small molecule-targeted agents in ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e6. [PMID: 36691778 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal female reproductive system tumour. Despite the great advances in surgery and systemic chemotherapy over the past two decades, almost all patients in stages III and IV relapse and develop resistance to chemotherapy after first-line treatment. Ovarian cancer has an extraordinarily complex immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in which immune checkpoints negatively regulate T cells activation and weaken antitumour immune responses by delivering immunosuppressive signals. Therefore, inhibition of immune checkpoints can break down the state of immunosuppression. Indeed, Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the therapeutic landscape of many solid tumours. However, ICIs have yielded modest benefits in ovarian cancer. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanistic basis of the immune checkpoints is needed to improve the efficacy of ICIs in ovarian cancer. In this review, we systematically introduce the mechanisms and expression of immune checkpoints in ovarian cancer. Moreover, this review summarises recent updates regarding ICI monotherapy or combined with other small-molecule-targeted agents in ovarian cancer.
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Schaafsma E, Croteau W, Mohamed E, Nowak EC, Smits NC, Deng J, Sarde A, Webber CA, Rabadi D, Cheng C, Noelle R, Lines JL. VISTA Targeting of T-cell Quiescence and Myeloid Suppression Overcomes Adaptive Resistance. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:38-55. [PMID: 36260656 PMCID: PMC10544831 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a premier target for cancer treatment due to its broad expression in many cancer types and enhanced expression upon development of adaptive immune checkpoint resistance. In the CT26 colorectal cancer model, monotherapy of small tumors with anti-VISTA resulted in slowed tumor growth. In a combination therapy setting, large CT26 tumors showed complete adaptive resistance to anti-PD-1/CTLA-4, but inclusion of anti-VISTA led to rejection of half the tumors. Mechanisms of enhanced antitumor immunity were investigated using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), multiplex image analysis, and flow cytometry of the tumor immune infiltrate. In both treatment models, anti-VISTA upregulated stimulated antigen presentation pathways and reduced myeloid-mediated suppression. Imaging revealed an anti-VISTA stimulated increase in contacts between T cells and myeloid cells, further supporting the notion of increased antigen presentation. scRNA-seq of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells revealed that anti-VISTA therapy induced T-cell pathways highly distinct from and complementary to those induced by anti-PD-1 therapy. Whereas anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 expanded progenitor exhausted CD8+ T-cell subsets, anti-VISTA promoted costimulatory genes and reduced regulators of T-cell quiescence. Notably, this is the first report of a checkpoint regulator impacting CD8+ T-cell quiescence, and the first indication that quiescence may be a target in the context of T-cell exhaustion and in cancer. This study builds a foundation for all future studies on the role of anti-VISTA in the development of antitumor immunity and provides important mechanistic insights that strongly support use of anti-VISTA to overcome the adaptive resistance seen in contemporary treatments involving PD-1 and/or CTLA-4. See related Spotlight by Wei, p. 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Walburga Croteau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - ElTanbouly Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Nowak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Nicole C. Smits
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jie Deng
- University of California, Los Angeles. Department of Radiation Oncology
| | - Aurelien Sarde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | | | - Dina Rabadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randolph Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - J. Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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Zhang X, Bai W, Hu L, Ha H, Du Y, Xiong W, Wang H, Shang P. The pleiotropic mode and molecular mechanism of macrophages in promoting tumor progression and metastasis. CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FEDERATION OF SPANISH ONCOLOGY SOCIETIES AND OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE OF MEXICO 2023; 25:91-104. [PMID: 36071369 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in primary and metastatic tumor tissues. Studies have shown that macrophages mainly exhibit a tumor-promoting phenotype and play a key role in tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, many macrophage-targeted drugs have entered clinical trials. However, compared to preclinical studies, some clinical trial results showed that macrophage-targeted therapy did not achieve the desired effect. This may be because most of what we know about macrophages comes from in vitro experiments and animal models, while macrophages in the more complex human microenvironment are still poorly understood. With the development of technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing, we have gained a new understanding of the origin, classification and functional mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages. Therefore, this study reviewed the recent progress of macrophages in promoting tumor progression and metastasis, aiming to provide some help for the formulation of optimal strategies for macrophage-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Wenxiu Bai
- Ultrasonic Special Examination Department, Tai An TSCM Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Lisha Hu
- Ultrasonic Special Examination Department, Tai An TSCM Hospital, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Hualan Ha
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yuelin Du
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Panfeng Shang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Gansu Nephro-Urological Clinical Center, Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases in Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
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31
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Jlassi A, Manai M, Morjen M, Sahraoui G, Elasmi Allal M, ELBini-Dhouib I, Naija L, Charfi L, Rejaibi R, Ben Ahmed M, Marrakchi N, Srairi-Abid N, Mezlini A, Manai M, Mrad K, Doghri R. VISTA+/CD8+ status correlates with favorable prognosis in Epithelial ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278849. [PMID: 36952478 PMCID: PMC10035885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy by blocking immune checkpoint regulators has emerged as a new targeted therapy for some cancers. Among them V-domain Ig suppressor of Tcell activation (VISTA) which is identified as a novel checkpoint regulator in ovarian cancer. This study aimed to investigate the VISTA role in Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), and its relationship with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) markers and its prognostic value. The expression of VISTA, CD3, CD8, CD4, FOXP3, and CD56 was assessed in 168 EOC tissue microarrays (TMA) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, associations between VISTA, TILs, clinicopathological variables, and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. VISTA expression in IGRov1 cells, as well as in PBMC of EOC patient, was evaluated by western blot. VISTA expression was detected in 64,28% of tissues, among which 42.3% were positive for tumor cells (TCs), and 47,9% were positive for immune cells (ICs). In univariate analysis, VISTA expression was significantly associated with a high density of TILs:CD3+ (p = 0,001), CD4+ (p = 0,002) and CD8+ (p≤0,001), in ICs but not in TCs. In terms of OS, multivariate analysis showed a significant association between the high density of CD8+ TILs and VISTA positive staining in ICs (p = 0,044), but not in TCs (p = 0,108). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated no correlation between VISTA expression and prolonged OS in both ICs (p = 0,841) and TCs (p = 0,090). Classification of EOC tumor microenvironment based on VISTA and CD8+TILs expression, demonstrated four immune subtypes: VISTA+/CD8+, VISTA+/CD8-, VISTA-/CD8+ and VISTA-/CD8-. The dual positive VISTA+/CD8+ subtype was significantly associated with prolonged OS in both TCs and ICs (p = 0,012 and p≤0,01, respectively), whereas patients with VISTA+/CD8- had the worst OS. Our results showed that VISTA is highly expressed in the IGRov1 cell line and LT-CD8 from a patient with EOC. Our results highlighted the association of VISTA expression and CD8+ TILs in EOC, with prolonged OS in patients with VISTA+/CD8+ and proposed VISTA as a potential immunotherapeutic target in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Jlassi
- Department of Biology, Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers Laboratory (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation (LR21SP01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maroua Manai
- Department of Biology, Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers Laboratory (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisia
- Human Genetics Laboratory (LR99ES10), Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-oncology, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maram Morjen
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LR20IPT01), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ghada Sahraoui
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation (LR21SP01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Ines ELBini-Dhouib
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LR20IPT01), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Naija
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Salah Aziz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Charfi
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation (LR21SP01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim Rejaibi
- Department of Biology, Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers Laboratory (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation (LR21SP01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Melika Ben Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections - LR16IPT02, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LR20IPT01), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LR20IPT01), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Mezlini
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation (LR21SP01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Salah Aziz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Manai
- Department of Biology, Mycology, Pathologies and Biomarkers Laboratory (LR16ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Karima Mrad
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation (LR21SP01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raoudha Doghri
- Research Laboratory of Precision Medicine/Personalized Medicine and Oncology Investigation (LR21SP01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Pathology, Salah Azaiez Institute, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis, El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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32
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Chen X, Li J, Chen Y, Que Z, Du J, Zhang J. B7 Family Members in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Attractive Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315005. [PMID: 36499340 PMCID: PMC9740860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 5-10%. The immune checkpoint blockade represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has been effective in a variety of solid tumors but has had little clinical response in pancreatic cancer patients. The unique suppressive immune microenvironment is the primary reason for this outcome, and it is essential to identify key targets to remodel the immune microenvironment. Some B7 family immune checkpoints, particularly PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, B7-H4, VISTA and HHLA2, have been identified as playing a significant role in the control of tumor immune responses. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress of some members of the B7 family in pancreatic cancer, which revealed that they can be involved in tumor progression through immune-dependent and non-immune-dependent pathways, highlighting the mechanisms of their involvement in tumor immune escape and assessing the prospects of their clinical application. Targeting B7 family immune checkpoints is expected to result in novel immunotherapeutic treatments for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Function Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ziting Que
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiawei Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Function Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Function Imaging, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-83272314
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33
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Renal Fibrosis in Lupus Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214317. [PMID: 36430794 PMCID: PMC9699516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis can be defined as a pathological process in which deposition of connective tissue replaces normal parenchyma. The kidney, like any organ or tissue, can be impacted by this maladaptive reaction, resulting in persistent inflammation or long-lasting injury. While glomerular injury has traditionally been regarded as the primary focus for classification and prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN), increasing attention has been placed on interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy as markers of injury severity, predictors of therapeutic response, and prognostic factors of renal outcome in recent years. This review will discuss the fibrogenesis in LN and known mechanisms of renal fibrosis. The importance of the chronicity index, which was recently added to the histological categorization of LN, and its role in predicting treatment response and renal prognosis for patients with LN, will be explored. A better understanding of cellular and molecular pathways involved in fibrosis in LN could enable the identification of individuals at higher risk of progression to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, and the development of new therapeutic strategies for lupus patients.
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34
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Anticancer natural products targeting immune checkpoint protein network. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1008-1032. [PMID: 34838956 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Normal cells express surface proteins that bind to immune checkpoint proteins on immune cells to turn them off, whereby the immune system does not attack normal healthy cells. Cancer cells can also utilize this same protective mechanism by expressing surface proteins that can interact with checkpoint proteins on immune cells to overcome the immune surveillance. Immunotherapy is making the best use of the body's own immune system to reinforce anti-tumor responses. The most generally used immunotherapy is the control of immune checkpoints including the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell deathreceptor 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1). In spite of the clinical effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the overall response rate still remains low. Therefore, there have been considerable efforts in searching for alternative immune checkpoint proteins that may work as new therapeutic targets for treatment of cancer. Recent studies have identified several additional novel immune checkpoint targets, including lymphocyte activation gene-3, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3, T cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domain, V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation, B7 homolog 3 protein, B and T cell lymphocyte attenuator, and inducible T cell COStimulator. Natural compounds, especially those present in medicinal or dietary plants, have been investigated for their anti-tumor effects in various in vitro and in vivo models. Some phytochemicals exert anti-tumor activities based on immunoregulatioby blocking interaction between proteins involved in immune checkpoint signal transduction or regulating their expression/activity. Recently, synergistic anti-cancer effects of diverse phytochemicals with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 or anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody drugs have been continuously reported. Considering an increasing attention to noteworthy therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the cancer therapy, this review focuses on regulatory effects of selected phytochemicals on immune checkpoint protein network and their combinational effectiveness with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting tumor cells.
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Litak J, Czyżewski W, Szymoniuk M, Sakwa L, Pasierb B, Litak J, Hoffman Z, Kamieniak P, Roliński J. Biological and Clinical Aspects of Metastatic Spinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194599. [PMID: 36230523 PMCID: PMC9559304 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Our literature review aimed to describe the up-to-date knowledge about the molecular pathways and biomarkers engaged in the spine’s metastatic processes. Moreover, we described current data regarding bone-targeted treatment, the emerging targeted therapies, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy used for the treatment of spine metastases. We hope that knowledge comprehensively presented in our review will contribute to the development of novel drugs targeting specific biomarkers and pathways. The more we learn about the molecular aspects of cancer metastasis, the easier it will be to look for treatment methods that will allow us to precisely kill tumor cells. Abstract Spine metastases are a common life-threatening complication of advanced-stage malignancies and often result in poor prognosis. Symptomatic spine metastases develop in the course of about 10% of malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it is essential for contemporary medicine to understand metastatic processes in order to find appropriate, targeted therapeutic options. Thanks to continuous research, there appears more and more detailed knowledge about cancer and metastasis, but these transformations are extremely complicated, e.g., due to the complexity of reactions, the variety of places where they occur, or the participation of both tumor cells and host cells in these transitions. The right target points in tumor metastasis mechanisms are still being researched; that will help us in the proper diagnosis as well as in finding the right treatment. In this literature review, we described the current knowledge about the molecular pathways and biomarkers engaged in metastatic processes involving the spine. We also presented a current bone-targeted treatment for spine metastases and the emerging therapies targeting the discussed molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technologies and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Barbara Pasierb
- Department of Dermatology, Radom Specialist Hospital, Lekarska 4, 26-600 Radom, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Litak
- St. John’s Cancer Center in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zofia Hoffman
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kamieniak
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Roliński
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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36
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Zheng S, Zhang K, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Wang T, Jiang S. Development of Inhibitors Targeting the V-Domain Ig Suppressor of T Cell Activation Signal Pathway. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11900-11912. [PMID: 36083840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) has produced considerable therapeutic effect, but only in a fraction of patients, so more targets are being investigated. VISTA (V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation) is a novel immune checkpoint that is broadly expressed within hematopoietic cells and multiple cancers (low expressing frequency on solid tumors), particularly those with a poor immunotherapy response rate. As a result, VISTA has been identified as an appealing target for immunotherapy, and several VISTA inhibitors are currently in clinical and preclinical trials. In this review, the structural features and binding partners of VISTA are summarized, and we describe the latest developments of monoclonal antibodies and small molecules targeting VISTA as well as possible future directions for development of therapies targeting VISTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kuojun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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37
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Mishra AK, Ali A, Dutta S, Banday S, Malonia SK. Emerging Trends in Immunotherapy for Cancer. Diseases 2022; 10:60. [PMID: 36135216 PMCID: PMC9498256 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunology have enabled the discovery of promising immunotherapies for various malignancies that have shifted the cancer treatment paradigm. The innovative research and clinical advancements of immunotherapy approaches have prolonged the survival of patients with relapsed or refractory metastatic cancers. Since the U.S. FDA approved the first immune checkpoint inhibitor in 2011, the field of cancer immunotherapy has grown exponentially. Multiple therapeutic approaches or agents to manipulate different aspects of the immune system are currently in development. These include cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapies (such as CAR-T or NK cell therapy), monoclonal antibodies, cytokine therapies, oncolytic viruses, and inhibitors targeting immune checkpoints that have demonstrated promising clinical efficacy. Multiple immunotherapeutic approaches have been approved for specific cancer treatments, while others are currently in preclinical and clinical trial stages. Given the success of immunotherapy, there has been a tremendous thrust to improve the clinical efficacy of various agents and strategies implemented so far. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the development and clinical implementation of various immunotherapy approaches currently being used to treat cancer. We also highlight the latest developments, emerging trends, limitations, and future promises of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K. Mishra
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shubham Dutta
- MassBiologics, UMass Chan Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Shahid Banday
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sunil K. Malonia
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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38
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Sharafi F, Hasani SA, Alesaeidi S, Kahrizi MS, Adili A, Ghoreishizadeh S, Shomali N, Tamjidifar R, Aslaminabad R, Akbari M. A comprehensive review about the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: an updated review. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:269. [PMID: 35999569 PMCID: PMC9400240 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A pharmacological class known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been developed as a potential treatment option for various malignancies, including HCC. In HCC, ICIs have demonstrated clinically significant advantages as monotherapy or combination therapy. ICIs that target programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), as well as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), have made significant advances in cancer treatment. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), several ICIs are being tested in clinical trials, and the area is quickly developing. As immunotherapy-related adverse events (irAEs) linked with ICI therapy expands and gain worldwide access, up-to-date management guidelines become crucial to the safety profile of ICIs. This review aims to describe the evidence for ICIs in treating HCC, emphasizing the use of combination ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sharafi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Abaei Hasani
- Cancer Research Center, Department of General Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Alesaeidi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Adili
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rozita Tamjidifar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Ramin Aslaminabad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu C, Wang Z, Wu W, Zhang N, Zhang L, Hu J, Luo P, Zhang J, Liu Z, Peng Y, Liu Z, Tang L, Cheng Q. Immune checkpoint modulators in cancer immunotherapy: recent advances and emerging concepts. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:111. [PMID: 35978433 PMCID: PMC9386972 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has now been universally acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in tumor therapy after the targeted treatment of checkpoint molecules: anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) on several cancer types achieved satisfying results. However, there are still quite a lot of patients suffering from severe side effects and ineffective treatment outcomes. Although the current ICI therapy is far from satisfying, a series of novel immune checkpoint molecules with remarkable preclinical and clinical benefits are being widely investigated, like the V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), which can also be called PD-1 homolog (PD-1H), and ectonucleotidases: CD39, CD73, and CD38, which belong to the ribosyl cyclase family, etc. In this review, we systematically summarized and discussed these molecules' biological structures, molecular features, and the corresponding targeted drugs, aiming to help the in-depth understanding of immune checkpoint molecules and promote the clinical practice of ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,One-Third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neonatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lanhua Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Liu C, Wang Z, Wu W, Zhang N, Zhang L, Hu J, Luo P, Zhang J, Liu Z, Peng Y, Liu Z, Tang L, Cheng Q. Immune checkpoint modulators in cancer immunotherapy: recent advances and emerging concepts. J Hematol Oncol 2022. [PMID: 35978433 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01325-0.pmid:35978433;pmcid:pmc9386972.[125]robertc.adecadeofimmune-checkpointinhibitorsincancertherapy.natcommun.2020jul30;11(1):3801.doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17670-y.pmid:32732879;pmcid:pmc7393098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has now been universally acknowledged as a significant breakthrough in tumor therapy after the targeted treatment of checkpoint molecules: anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) on several cancer types achieved satisfying results. However, there are still quite a lot of patients suffering from severe side effects and ineffective treatment outcomes. Although the current ICI therapy is far from satisfying, a series of novel immune checkpoint molecules with remarkable preclinical and clinical benefits are being widely investigated, like the V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), which can also be called PD-1 homolog (PD-1H), and ectonucleotidases: CD39, CD73, and CD38, which belong to the ribosyl cyclase family, etc. In this review, we systematically summarized and discussed these molecules' biological structures, molecular features, and the corresponding targeted drugs, aiming to help the in-depth understanding of immune checkpoint molecules and promote the clinical practice of ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- One-Third Lab, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, and Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jason Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neonatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lanhua Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Center South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Vaccine Improvements: Current Status and New Approaches. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081721. [PMID: 36015348 PMCID: PMC9415890 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with approved or experimental vaccines has proven to be a promising approach to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. This strategy seeks to overcome the immunosuppressive mechanisms associated with the vaccine response, thereby achieving increased immunogenicity and efficacy. Most of the information on the use of ICIs combined with vaccines derives from studies on certain anti-tumor vaccines combined with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against either cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). However, over the past few years, emerging strategies to use new-generation ICIs as molecular adjuvants are paving the way for future advances in vaccine research. Here, we review the current state and future directions of the use of ICIs in experimental and clinical settings, including mAbs and alternative new approaches using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small non-coding RNAs, aptamers, peptides, and other small molecules for improving vaccine efficacy. The scope of this review mainly includes the use of ICIs in therapeutic antitumor vaccines, although recent research on anti-infective vaccines will also be addressed.
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Tang XY, Xiong YL, Shi XG, Zhao YB, Shi AP, Zheng KF, Liu YJ, Jiang T, Ma N, Zhao JB. IGSF11 and VISTA: a pair of promising immune checkpoints in tumor immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2022; 10:49. [PMID: 35831836 PMCID: PMC9277907 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become the major treatment for tumors in clinical practice, but some intractable problems such as the low response rate and high rates of immune-related adverse events still hinder the progress of tumor immunotherapy. Hence, it is essential to explore additional immunotherapy treatment targets. In this review, we focus on the structure, expression and expression-related mechanisms, interactions, biological functions and the progress in preclinical/clinical research of IGSF11 and VISTA in tumors. We cover the progress in recent research with this pair of immune checkpoints in tumor immune regulation, proliferation, immune resistance and predictive prognosis. Both IGSF11 and VISTA are highly expressed in tumors and are modulated by various factors. They co-participate in the functional regulation of immune cells and the inhibition of cytokine production. Besides, in the downregulation of IGSF11 and VISTA, both inhibit the growth of some tumors. Preclinical and clinical trials all emphasize the predictive role of IGSF11 and VISTA in the prognosis of tumors, and that the predictive role of the same gene varies from tumor to tumor. At present, further research is proving the enormous potential of IGSF11 and VISTA in tumors, and especially the role of VISTA in tumor immune resistance. This may prove to be a breakthrough to solve the current clinical immune resistance, and most importantly, since research has focused on VISTA but less on IGSF11, IGSF11 may be the next candidate for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yang Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Lu Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xian-Gui Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - An-Ping Shi
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai-Fu Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, 710038, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jin-Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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43
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Vivian Ma YH, Sparkes A, Saha S, Gariépy J. VISTA as a ligand downregulates LPS-mediated inflammation in macrophages and neutrophils. Cell Immunol 2022; 379:104581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhang Z, Bu L, Luo J, Guo J. Targeting protein kinases benefits cancer immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188738. [PMID: 35660645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule kinase inhibitors have been well established and successfully developed in the last decades for cancer target therapies. However, intrinsic or acquired drug resistance is becoming the major barrier for their clinical application. With the development of immunotherapies, in particular the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the combination of ICIs with other therapies have recently been extensively explored, among which combination of ICIs with kinase inhibitors achieves promising clinical outcome in a plethora of cancer types. Here we comprehensively summarize the potent roles of protein kinases in modulating immune checkpoints both in tumor and immune cells, and reshaping tumor immune microenvironments by evoking innate immune response and neoantigen generation or presentation. Moreover, the clinical trial and approval of combined administration of kinase inhibitors with ICIs are collected, highlighting the precise strategies to benefit cancer immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lang Bu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Abstract
The transformative success of antibodies targeting the PD-1 (programmed death 1)/B7-H1 (B7 homolog 1) pathway (anti-PD therapy) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, only a fraction of patients with solid tumors and some hematopoietic malignancies respond to anti-PD therapy, and the reason for failure in other patients is less known. By dissecting the mechanisms underlying this resistance, current studies reveal that the tumor microenvironment is a major location for resistance to occur. Furthermore, the resistance mechanisms appear to be highly heterogeneous. Here, we discuss recent human cancer data identifying mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD therapy. We review evidence for immune-based resistance mechanisms such as loss of neoantigens, defects in antigen presentation and interferon signaling, immune inhibitory molecules, and exclusion of T cells. We also review the clinical evidence for emerging mechanisms of resistance to anti-PD therapy, such as alterations in metabolism, microbiota, and epigenetics. Finally, we discuss strategies to overcome anti-PD therapy resistance and emphasize the need to develop additional immunotherapies based on the concept of normalization cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Vesely
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; .,Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; .,Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Kuske M, Haist M, Jung T, Grabbe S, Bros M. Immunomodulatory Properties of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-More than Boosting T-Cell Responses? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1710. [PMID: 35406483 PMCID: PMC8996886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) that serve to enhance effector T-cell anti-tumor responses has strongly improved success rates in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and other tumor types. The currently approved ICI constitute monoclonal antibodies blocking cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1. By this, the T-cell-inhibitory CTLA-4/CD80/86 and PD-1/PD-1L/2L signaling axes are inhibited. This leads to sustained effector T-cell activity and circumvents the immune evasion of tumor cells, which frequently upregulate PD-L1 expression and modulate immune checkpoint molecule expression on leukocytes. As a result, profound clinical responses are observed in 40-60% of metastatic melanoma patients. Despite the pivotal role of T effector cells for triggering anti-tumor immunity, mounting evidence indicates that ICI efficacy may also be attributable to other cell types than T effector cells. In particular, emerging research has shown that ICI also impacts innate immune cells, such as myeloid cells, natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells, which may amplify tumoricidal functions beyond triggering T effector cells, and thus improves clinical efficacy. Effects of ICI on non-T cells may additionally explain, in part, the character and extent of adverse effects associated with treatment. Deeper knowledge of these effects is required to further develop ICI treatment in terms of responsiveness of patients to treatment, to overcome resistance to ICI and to alleviate adverse effects. In this review we give an overview into the currently known immunomodulatory effects of ICI treatment in immune cell types other than the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.K.); (M.H.); (T.J.); (S.G.)
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Thakkar D, Paliwal S, Dharmadhikari B, Guan S, Liu L, Kar S, Tulsian NK, Gruber JJ, DiMascio L, Paszkiewicz KH, Ingram PJ, D Boyd-Kirkup J. Rationally targeted anti-VISTA antibody that blockades the C-C' loop region can reverse VISTA immune suppression and remodel the immune microenvironment to potently inhibit tumor growth in an Fc independent manner. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003382. [PMID: 35131861 PMCID: PMC8823246 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite significant progress in cancer immunotherapy in recent years, resistance to existing immune checkpoint therapies (ICT) is common. V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), a predominantly myeloid immune checkpoint regulator, represents a promising therapeutic target due to its role in suppressing proinflammatory antitumor responses in myeloid-enriched tumor microenvironments. However, uncertainty around the cognate VISTA ligand has made the development of effective anti-VISTA antibodies challenging. The expression of VISTA on normal immune cell subtypes argues for a neutralizing non-depleting antibody, however, previous reported anti-VISTA antibodies use IgG1 Fc isotypes that deplete VISTA+ cells by antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity/complement dependent cytotoxicity and these antibodies have shown fast serum clearance and immune toxicities. Method Here we used a rational antibody discovery approach to develop the first Fc-independent anti-VISTA antibody, HMBD-002, that binds a computationally predicted functional epitope within the C-C-loop, distinct from other known anti-VISTA antibodies. This epitope is species-conserved allowing robust in vitro and in vivo testing of HMBD-002 in human and murine models of immune activation and cancer including humanized mouse models. Results We demonstrate here that blockade by HMBD-002 inhibits VISTA binding to potential partners, including V-Set and Immunoglobulin domain containing 3, to reduce myeloid-derived suppression of T cell activity and prevent neutrophil migration. Analysis of immune cell milieu suggests that HMBD-002 treatment stimulates a proinflammatory phenotype characterized by a Th1/Th17 response, recapitulating a phenotype previously noted in VISTA knockout models. This mechanism of action is further supported by immune-competent syngenic and humanized mouse models of colorectal, breast and lung cancer where neutralizing VISTA, without depleting VISTA expressing cells, significantly inhibited tumor growth while decreasing infiltration of suppressive myeloid cells and increasing T cell activity. Finally, we did not observe either the fast serum clearance or immune toxicities that have been reported for IgG1 antibodies. Conclusion In conclusion, we have shown that VISTA-induced immune suppression can be reversed by blockade of the functional C-C’ loop region of VISTA with a first-in-class rationally targeted and non-depleting IgG4 isotype anti-VISTA antibody, HMBD-002. This antibody represents a highly promising novel therapy in the VISTA-suppressed ICT non-responder population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Thakkar
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shalini Paliwal
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Siyu Guan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lillian Liu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shreya Kar
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Analysis of the immune checkpoint V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) in endometrial cancer. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:266-273. [PMID: 34493823 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a novel immune checkpoint protein and a potential immunotherapeutic target. However, its expression in endometrial cancer has not been clearly defined. This study aimed to investigate VISTA expression and determine its associations with clinicopathological features, molecular subtypes, programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, CD8+ T-cell count, and survival in a cohort of 839 patients with endometrial cancer. Using direct sequencing of the polymerase epsilon (POLE) exonuclease domain and immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and p53, we stratified endometrial cancers into four molecular subtypes: POLE ultramutated, MMR-deficient, p53-mutant, and nonspecific molecular profile (NSMP). PD-L1, CD8, and VISTA were detected via immunohistochemistry. VISTA was expressed in the immune cells of 76.6% (643/839) of the samples and in the tumor cells of 6.8% (57/839). VISTA positivity in the immune cells was frequent in tumors staged I-III, those with positive PD-L1 or high CD8+ T-cell density, and those representing POLE ultramutated and MMR-deficient subtypes. Furthermore, VISTA positivity in tumor cells was more frequent in clear cell carcinoma samples. VISTA in immune cells was associated with improved survival in the entire cohort as well as in the endometrioid histology, stage I, PD-L1-negative, MMR-deficient, MMR-proficient, and high and low number of CD8+ T-cell-infiltrated tumor subgroups. VISTA in immune cells was a prognostic factor overall, as well as in patients with endometrioid histology, independent of molecular subtype or CD8+ T-cell density. The data produced by this study, which was the largest to focus on VISTA expression in patients with endometrial cancer to date, suggest that VISTA is a predictor of improved survival.
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Selvaraj C, Abhirami R, Vijayakumar R, Alfaiz FA, Singh SK. Immunological insights of selectins in human disease mechanism. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 129:163-188. [PMID: 35305718 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selectin enzymes are glycoproteins and are an important adhesion molecule in the mammalian immune system, especially in the inflammatory response and the healing process of tissues. Selectins play an important role in a variety of biological processes, including the rolling of leukocytes in endothelial cells, a process known as the adhesion cascade. It has recently been discovered and reported that the selectin mechanism plays a role in cancer and thrombosis disease. This process begins with non-covalent interactions-based selectin-ligand binding and the glycans play a role as a connector between cancer cells and the endothelium in this process. The selectin mechanism is critical for the immune system, but it is also involved in disease mechanisms, earning the selectins the nickname "Selectins-The Two Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Faces". As a result, the drug for selectins should have a multifaceted role and be a dynamic molecule that targets the disease mechanism specifically. This chapter explores the role of selectins in the disease mechanism at the mechanism level that provides the impact for identifying the selectin inhibitors. Overall, this chapter provides the molecular level insights on selectins, their ligands, involvement in normal and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.
| | - Rajaram Abhirami
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Rajendran Vijayakumar
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiz Abdulaziz Alfaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India.
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VISTA, PDL-L1, and BRAF-A Review of New and Old Markers in the Prognosis of Melanoma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58010074. [PMID: 35056382 PMCID: PMC8778318 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is currently known as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors. The prognostic factors and particularities of this neoplasm are a persistent hot topic in the medical field. This review has multiple purposes. First, we aim to summarize the known data regarding the histological and immunohistochemical appearance of this versatile tumor and to look further into the analysis of several widely used prognostic markers, such as B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase BRAF. The second purpose is to analyze the data on the new prognostic markers, V-domain Immunoglobulin Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA) and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). VISTA is a novel target that is considered to be highly important in determining the invasive potential and treatment response of a melanoma, and there are currently only a limited number of studies describing its role. PD-L1 is a marker with whose importance has been revealed in multiple types of malignancies, but its exact role regarding melanoma remains under investigation. In conclusion, the gathered data highlights the importance of correlations between these markers toward providing patients with a better outcome.
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