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Sabag A, Patten RK, Moreno-Asso A, Colombo GE, Dafauce Bouzo X, Moran LJ, Harrison C, Kazemi M, Mousa A, Tay CT, Hirschberg AL, Redman LM, Teede HJ. Exercise in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: A position statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia. J Sci Med Sport 2024:S1440-2440(24)00208-1. [PMID: 38960811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine condition amongst females of reproductive age, leading to lifelong cardiometabolic, reproductive, psychological, and dermatologic symptoms as well as a reduced quality of life. Lifestyle interventions, which can include structured exercise programmes delivered by appropriately trained exercise professionals such as clinical exercise physiologists, are considered first-line strategies in PCOS management due to their therapeutic effects on various health outcomes and quality of life. This position statement builds on the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of PCOS and describes the role of the exercise professional in the context of the multidisciplinary care team which includes physicians and allied health professionals. This position statement aims to equip exercise professionals with a broad understanding of the pathophysiology of PCOS, how it is diagnosed and managed in clinical practice, and evidence- and consensus-based recommendations for physical activity and exercise in PCOS management. In line with the physical activity recommendations for the general public, individuals with PCOS should aim to undertake between 150 to 300min of moderate-intensity or 75 to 150min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or an equivalent combination of both spread throughout the week. Additionally, muscle-strengthening activities on two non-consecutive days per week are recommended to maintain health and prevent weight gain. For further health benefits and to achieve modest weight loss, individuals with PCOS should aim for a minimum of 250min of moderate-intensity or 150min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity per week, or an equivalent combination of both spread throughout the week, plus muscle-strengthening activities on two non-consecutive days per week. Adolescents with PCOS should aim for a minimum of 60min moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity each day, incorporating muscle- and bone-strengthening activities three times per week. Finally, exercise professionals should consider the significant psychological burden, including weight stigma, and the high prevalence of comorbidities amongst individuals with PCOS and take appropriate measures to deliver safe and efficacious exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Sabag
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rhiannon K Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Australia
| | - Giorgia E Colombo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Xela Dafauce Bouzo
- Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research (CAWR), School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Cheryce Harrison
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, USA
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Chau Tien Tay
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
| | - Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | - Helena J Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Australia
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Xia Y, Yao B, Fu Z, Li L, Jin S, Qu B, Huang Y, Ding H. Clock genes regulate skeletal muscle energy metabolism through NAMPT/NAD +/SIRT1 following heavy-load exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R490-R503. [PMID: 37545421 PMCID: PMC11178296 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00261.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological clock is an invisible "clock" in the organism, which can regulate behavior, physiology, and biochemical reactions. However, the relationship between clock genes and energy metabolism in postexercise skeletal muscle is not well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms through which peripheral clock genes regulate energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. We analyzed the rhythm of mRNA expression of the clock genes Bmal1 and Clock in skeletal muscle following heavy-load exercise and measured related indicators of mitochondrial structure and function. We obtained the following experimental results. First, heavy-load exercise induced loss of circadian rhythm of Bmal1 between ZT0 and ZT24, and the circadian rhythm of Clock was not restored between ZT0 and ZT72. Second, analysis of mitochondrial morphology in group E showed abnormal swelling and ridge structure damage at ZT0, which recovered somewhat at ZT24 and ZT48, and the damage had essentially disappeared by ZT72. Third, the expression of NAMPT/NAD+/SIRT1 signaling axis proteins in group E was abnormal at ZT0, the content of NAMPT and the activity of SIRT1 significantly increased, and the content of NAD+ significantly decreased. Fourth, the expression of BMAL1 and PGC-1α in group E significantly increased, whereas the ATP and ADP content, as well as the activities of COXII and COXIV, were significantly changed. Finally, the colocalization of BMAL1 and SIRT1 in group E was significantly upregulated at ZT0. These results suggest that the skeletal muscle clock gene Bmal1 may regulate the energy metabolism level of skeletal muscle after exercise through the NAMPT/NAD+/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binyu Yao
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeting Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lunyu Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Songlin Jin
- College of Physical Education and Health, Geely University of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haili Ding
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
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Santos WLL, da Silva Pinheiro C, de Oliveira Santos R, da Silva ACA, Severo JS, Mendes PHM, de Sousa LC, de Sousa OMC, Dos Santos BLB, de Oliveira KBV, Freitas AK, Torres-Leal FL, Dos Santos AA, da Silva MTB. Physical exercise alleviates oxidative stress in brown adipose tissue and causes changes in body composition and nutritional behavior in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome. Life Sci 2023; 325:121754. [PMID: 37156395 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine disorder in women. We investigate the effect of physical exercise on body composition, nutritional parameters, and oxidative stress in rats with PCOS. METHODS Female rats were into three groups: Control, PCOS, and PCOS + Exercise. PCOS was induced by letrozole (1 mg/kg via p.o.) for 21 days consecutively. Physical exercise was swimming, for 21 consecutive days, 1 h/day with 5 % load. In all groups, we assessed the nutritional and murinometric parameters, body composition, thermography, and oxidative stress in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and peri-ovarian adipose tissue (POAT). KEY FINDINGS In PCOS we observed an increase (P < 0.05) in body weight vs. the Control group. But, the PCOS + Exercise group prevent this weight gain (P < 0.05). The temperature in BAT, decrease (P < 0.05) in the PCOS group vs. Control group. PCOS + Exercise prevented this reduction (P < 0.05) in BAT temperature vs. PCOS groups. We observed decreases (P < 0.05) in Lee Index and BMI in POS + Exercise vs. PCOS group. In PCOS rats, we observed an increase (P < 0.05) in murinometric (SRWG, EI, and FE) and body composition parameters (TWB, ECF, ICF, and FFM) vs. the Control group. The PCOS + Exercise prevents (P < 0.05) these changes in all groups, compared with PCOS. Regarding the BAT, we observe an increase (P < 0.05) in MPO and MDA levels in the PCOS vs. Control group. PCOS + Exercise prevents (P < 0.05) these increases vs. the PCOS group. SIGNIFICANCE PCOS modifies body composition, and nutritional parameters, and induces changes in oxidative stress in BAT. Physical exercise prevented these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Lúcia Lima Santos
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Clailson da Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Alda Cassia Alves da Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Juliana Soares Severo
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Moraes Mendes
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Luiza Carolinda de Sousa
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Olga Maria Castro de Sousa
- Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | - António Klingem Freitas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Moises Tolentino Bento da Silva
- Graduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Exercise and Gastrointestinal Tract - Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiology. Department of Immuno-Physiology and Pharmacology. Institute of the Biomedical Science Abel Salazar - ICBAS, Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Psilopatis I, Vrettou K, Nousiopoulou E, Palamaris K, Theocharis S. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082912. [PMID: 37109247 PMCID: PMC10141215 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) constitutes the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Patients usually suffer from severe menstrual irregularities, skin conditions, and insulin resistance-associated health conditions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins that regulate gene expression. In order to investigate the role of PPARs in the pathophysiology of PCOS, we conducted a literature review using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases and were able to identify 74 relevant studies published between 2003 and 2023. Different study groups reached contradictory conclusions in terms of PPAR expression in PCOS. Interestingly, numerous natural agents were found to represent a novel, potent anti-PCOS treatment alternatives. In conclusion, PPARs seem to play a significant role in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Nousiopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Palamaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Malamouli M, Levinger I, McAinch AJ, Trewin AJ, Rodgers RJ, Moreno-Asso A. The mitochondrial profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: impact of exercise. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 68:R11-R23. [PMID: 35060480 PMCID: PMC8942332 DOI: 10.1530/jme-21-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting pre-menopausal women and involves metabolic dysregulation. Despite the high prevalence of insulin resistance, the existence of mitochondrial dysregulation and its role in the pathogenesis of PCOS is not clear. Exercise is recommended as the first-line therapy for women with PCOS. In particular, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is known to improve metabolic health and enhance mitochondrial characteristics. In this narrative review, the existing knowledge of mitochondrial characteristics in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of women with PCOS and the effect of exercise interventions in ameliorating metabolic and mitochondrial health in these women are discussed. Even though the evidence on mitochondrial dysfunction in PCOS is limited, some studies point to aberrant mitochondrial functions mostly in skeletal muscle, while there is very little research in adipose tissue. Although most exercise intervention studies in PCOS report improvements in metabolic health, they show diverse and inconclusive findings in relation to mitochondrial characteristics. A limitation of the current study is the lack of comprehensive mitochondrial analyses and the diversity in exercise modalities, with only one study investigating the impact of HIIT alone. Therefore, further comprehensive large-scale exercise intervention studies are required to understand the association between metabolic dysfunction and aberrant mitochondrial profile, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the exercise-induced metabolic adaptations in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpomeni Malamouli
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raymond J Rodgers
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Western Health, Victoria University, Victoria, Australia
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Seow KM, Liu PS, Chen KH, Chen CW, Chen LK, Ho CH, Hwang JL, Wang PH, Juan CC. Cysteine-Cysteine Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 Expression in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010134. [PMID: 35008567 PMCID: PMC8745167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which affects 5–10% of women of reproductive age, is associated with reproductive and metabolic disorders, such as chronic anovulation, infertility, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanism of PCOS is still unknown. Therefore, this study used a letrozole-exposed mouse model in which mice were orally fed letrozole for 20 weeks to investigate the effects of letrozole on the severity of reproductive and metabolic consequences and the expression of cysteine–cysteine motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in letrozole-induced PCOS mice. The letrozole-treated mice showed a disrupted estrous cycle and were arrested in the diestrus phase. Letrozole treatment also increased plasma testosterone levels, decreased estradiol levels, and caused multicystic follicle formation. Furthermore, histological analysis of the perigonadal white adipose tissue (pgWAT) showed no significant difference in the size and number of adipocytes between the letrozole-treated mice and the control group. Further, the letrozole-treated mice demonstrated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance during oral glucose and insulin tolerance testing. Additionally, the expression of CCR5 and cysteine-cysteine motif ligand 5 (CCL5) were significantly higher in the pgWAT of the letrozole-treated mice compared with the control group. CCR5 and CCL5 were also significantly correlated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Finally, the mechanisms of insulin resistance in PCOS may be caused by an increase in serine phosphorylation and a decrease in Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Min Seow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan; (K.-M.S.); (J.-L.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (P.-H.W.)
| | - Pin-Shiou Liu
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (P.-S.L.); (L.-K.C.)
| | - Kuo-Hu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei 231, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- College of Human Development and Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Luen-Kui Chen
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (P.-S.L.); (L.-K.C.)
| | - Chi-Hong Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (P.-H.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Loung Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan; (K.-M.S.); (J.-L.H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei IVF, Taipei 104, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (P.-H.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Female Cancer Foundation, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Juan
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (P.-S.L.); (L.-K.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2826-7000
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Juan CC, Chen KH, Chen CW, Ho CH, Wang PH, Chen HS, Hwang JL, Lin YH, Seow KM. Increased regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted levels and cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor 5 upregulation in omental adipose tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells are associated with testosterone level and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:1139-1146. [PMID: 34119324 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between circulating chemokine cysteine-cysteine motif ligand (CCL) 5 levels and cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and adipose tissue with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENT(S) Fifteen women with PCOS and 15 controls matched for body mass index and age were enrolled in this study. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Plasma levels of CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits, and omental adipose tissue and PBMCs were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to determine the expression level of CCR5 in participants. RESULT(S) Levels of CCL5 were significantly higher in women with PCOS. Expression of CCR5 in adipose tissue and PBMCs was significantly higher in women with PCOS compared with that in women in the control group. Cysteine-cysteine chemokine receptor type 5 expression also was upregulated in THP-1 cells after chronic exposure to testosterone. Levels of CCL5 had a significant positive correlation with testosterone levels in women with PCOS. Moreover, CCR5 showed a positive correlation with fasting glucose levels, homeostasis model insulin resistance index, and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION(S) Increased levels of CCL5 and overexpression of CCR5 in PBMCs and adipose tissue are associated with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in women with PCOS. Additionally, CCR5 and CCL5 may be used as biomarkers in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chang Juan
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- College of Human Development and Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hong Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Harn-Shen Chen
- Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Loung Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei IVF, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Min Seow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Increased Skeletal Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area, Muscle Phenotype Shift, and Altered Insulin Signaling in Rat Hindlimb Muscles in a Prenatally Androgenized Rat Model for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217918. [PMID: 33113794 PMCID: PMC7662395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are reported to have greater lean mass and insulin resistance. To examine muscular changes in a prenatally androgenized (PNA) rat model for PCOS, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 5 mg testosterone or vehicle daily on gestational days 16-19. At 15 weeks of age, endurance on a rota-rod treadmill was measured. At 16 weeks of age, fasting blood glucose and insulin, hindlimb skeletal muscle mass, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and composition, and intra- and peri-muscular lipid droplets were examined. Expression of mitochondrial marker ATP synthase and insulin signaling proteins were also investigated. Compared with controls, PNA female rats demonstrated greater total body and hindlimb muscle weights, greater muscle fiber CSA, and trending reduced time on the rota-rod. An increase in fibers co-expressing the slow and fast isoforms of myosin (90 vs. 86%, p < 0.05) and greater expression of ATP synthase (6-fold, p < 0.005) were observed in the gastrocnemius (GN) muscle. More lipid content was observed in GN and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. PNA rats had elevated fasting serum insulin (1.9 vs. 1.2 ng/mL, p < 0.005) but comparable fasting glucose. Expression of total and Ser636/9-phosphorylated IRS1 were altered in PNA rat hindlimb muscles. Together, skeletal muscle alterations in hindlimb muscles of a PNA rat model for PCOS may represent consequences of, or adaptations to, insulin resistance in this model.
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Sebastião E. Activity behavior and cognitive performance in older adults living in a senior housing facility: the impact of frailty status. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:703-709. [PMID: 31243743 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty, a condition characterized by a reduced physiological reserve and resilience, is highly prevalent among older adults. AIMS This study examined differences in physical activity (PA) level, sedentary behavior (SB) time, and cognitive performance in older adults living in a senior housing facility (SHF) as a function of frailty status. METHODS This study assessed 100 older adults from a SHF in the Midwest area of the United States. Participants were categorized as frail or non-frail according to scores observed in the short physical performance battery (SPPB), using the cutoff of nine previously stated in the literature. PA level and SB time were self-reportedly assessed using the physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) and SB using a specific questionnaire developed for the older adult population. Cognitive performance was assessed using a collection of tests measuring cognitive processing speed, verbal learning, visuospatial memory, and verbal fluency. RESULTS Frail and non-frail older adults reported similar PA level and SB time (P > .05). Frail older adults performed significantly (P < .05) worse than their counterparts, non-frail in all measures of cognitive function. However, after controlling the analysis for age, only processing speed (SDMT scores) remained statistically different (P < .05) between groups. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Older adults living in a SHF with different frailty status (i.e., frail vs. non-frail) report similar levels of PA level and SB time; but our findings suggest that non-frail older adults appear to have better cognitive function in terms of processing speed compared to the frail group.
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Shi Y, Liu T, Nieman DC, Cui Y, Li F, Yang L, Shi H, Chen P. Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Acute Lung Injury Through NET Inhibition. Front Immunol 2020; 11:409. [PMID: 32265910 PMCID: PMC7096358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aerobic exercise improves lung inflammation in acute lung injury (ALI), but its mechanism remains unknown. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in LPS-induced ALI, and a positive correlation exists between NET formation and proinflammatory macrophage polarization. This study investigated whether aerobic exercise reduces the pro-inflammatory polarization of alveolar macrophages (AMs) by inhibiting the excessive release of NETs and then alleviating the inflammatory response of ALI. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary group (CON), sedentary and extra-pulmonary LPS injection group (LPS), 5-weeks aerobic training intervention and LPS injection group (EXE+LPS), and DNase I plus LPS injection group (DNase+LPS). Twenty-four hours after drug injection, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), AM, and lung tissues were obtained to detect inflammatory responses, NET formation, macrophage polarization, and protein activation. In the in vitro study, a murine AM cell line, designated MH-S, was stimulated with LPS, purified NETs, and NETs plus DNase I. Results: EXE+LPS and DNase+LPS mice exhibited reduced neutrophil infiltration, decreased NET release, and lower pro-inflammatory polarization of AM compared with LPS mice. Subsequently, Western blot showed inhibition of the phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB proteins of AMs in EXE+LPS and DNase+LPS mice compared with LPS mice. Lastly, stimulation of MH-S cells by NETs revealed a trend for pro-inflammatory cell polarization, with NF-κB protein activation at 8 h and ERK1/2 activation at 1, 2, and 8 h. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise alleviated ALI through NET-induced AM pro-inflammatory polarization involving ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David C Nieman
- North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Yanqiu Cui
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Metastasis Institute, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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11
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Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Caporossi D. Exercise, redox homeostasis and the epigenetic landscape. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101477. [PMID: 32127290 PMCID: PMC7284912 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents one of the strongest physiological stimuli capable to induce functional and structural modifications in all biological systems. Indeed, beside the traditional genetic mechanisms, physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications, namely DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and non-coding RNA transcripts. Initially considered as merely damaging molecules, it is now well recognized that both reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) produced under voluntary exercise play an important role as regulatory mediators in signaling processes. While robust scientific evidences highlight the role of exercise-associated redox modifications in modulating gene expression through the genetic machinery, the understanding of their specific impact on epigenomic profile is still at an early stage. This review will provide an overview of the role of ROS and RNS in modulating the epigenetic landscape in the context of exercise-related adaptations. Physical exercise can modulate gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulation of ROS/RNS generating, sensing and neutralizing enzymes can impact the cellular levels of ROS and RNS. ROS might act as modulators of epigenetic machinery, interfering with DNA methylation, hPTMs and ncRNAs expression. Redox homeostasis might hold a relevant role in the epigenetic landscape modulating exercise-related adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Del Fosso di Fiorano, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetics of Movement, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Piazza Lauro de Bosis 15, 00135, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Feng B, Qi R, Gao J, Wang T, Xu H, Zhao Q, Wu R, Song X, Guo J, Zheng L, Li R, Huang W. Exercise training prevented endothelium dysfunction from particulate matter instillation in Wistar rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133674. [PMID: 31756800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can result in adverse cardiovascular responses including vascular endothelial dysfunction, whereas exercise training can promote cardiovascular health. However, whether exercise training can mitigate adverse vascular response to PM2.5 has been less studied. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the preventive effect of exercise training on vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by PM2.5 instillation. Six-week old male Wistar rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups (8 rats per group) by exercise status (sedentary vs. exercised) and PM2.5 exposure (instilled vs. non-instilled). Rats received treadmill training with moderate-intensity intervals in week 1 to 6, followed by three repeated PM2.5 instillation on every other day in week 7. Body weight and blood pressure were measured for each rat regularly during exercise training and before sacrifice. At sacrifice, thoracic aortas were isolated for functional response measurement to agonists. Nitric oxide bioavailability and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function were also assessed. We observed that exercise training significantly reduced the body weight of rats, while PM2.5 instillation had little effect. Neither exercise training nor PM2.5 instillation had significant effects on blood pressure changes. However, exercise training effectively prevented endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation dysfunction and nitric oxide bioavailability reduction from subsequent PM2.5 instillation. In addition, exercise training promoted HDL function which were characterized as increased HDL cholesterol level, cholesterol efflux capacity, and reduced oxidization index; whereas PM2.5 instillation showed limited adverse impact on HDL function. Collectively, our results indicated that exercise training could promote HDL function and protect against endothelium dysfunction from PM2.5 instillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihuan Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongzhen Qi
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Department of Physical Education, Gansu Normal University for Nationalities, Hezuo, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongshan Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, and Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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13
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Dantas WS, Neves WD, Gil S, Barcellos CRG, Rocha MP, de Sá-Pinto AL, Roschel H, Gualano B. Exercise-induced anti-inflammatory effects in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cytokine 2019; 120:66-70. [PMID: 31005728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by exacerbated inflammation, which is implicated in cardiometabolic dysfunction. This study aimed to examine the potential effects of acute exercise on inflammatory responses in obese/overweight PCOS women and their controls. Participants underwent a single bout of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (30 min at ∼65% of VO2peak). Blood and muscle samples were collected immediately before (PRE) and 60 min after the exercise session. Cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α) were measured both in plasma and in skeletal muscle, and proteins related to inflammatory signaling (IKKα/β and JNK) were assessed in skeletal muscle. At PRE, PCOS showed elevated muscle TNF-α (+62%, p = 0.0012) and plasma IL-1β (+76%, p = 0.0010) compared to controls. In PCOS, exercise decreased plasma and muscle TNF-α (-14%, p = 0.0003 and -46%, p = 0.0003), as well as increased plasma and muscle IL-4 (+147%, p = 0.0018 and +62%, p = 0.0474) and plasma IL-10 (+38%, p = 0.0029). Additionally, IKKα/β and JNK phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, which was higher in PCOS at PRE, was significantly reduced by exercise (-58%, p < 0.0001 and -46%, p < 0.0001, respectively), approaching control levels. Person's correlations between PRE values and delta changes (i.e., exercise effect) showed significant, negative associations for plasma IL-1β (r = -0.92, p < 0.0001), TNF-α (r = -0.72, p = 0.0100) and IL-6 (r = -0.58, p = 0.05), and muscle TNF-α (r = -0.95, p < 0.0001), IKKα/β (r = -0.75, p = 0.005), and JNK (r = -0.94, p < 0.0001) in PCOS. In conclusion, exercise can mitigate the inflammatory milieu in women with PCOS. The anti-inflammatory role of exercise could underlie its cardiometabolic protection in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Silva Dantas
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian das Neves
- Clinical Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saulo Gil
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Michele Patrocínio Rocha
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital Santa Marcelina, Faculdade de Medicina Santa Marcelina, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia de Sá-Pinto
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology & Nutrition Research Group, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, School of Physical Education and Sport, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Speelman DL. Nonpharmacologic Management of Symptoms in Females With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review. J Osteopath Med 2019; 119:25-39. [PMID: 30615039 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common hormone disorder in females of reproductive age, affecting reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular health. With an unknown cause and a spectrum of common signs and symptoms, diagnosis is based on consensus criteria, and treatment options often target individual symptoms, with variable effectiveness. Safe, effective complementary and alternative therapies can be used to manage symptoms. The first-line intervention is lifestyle modification, including weight loss when appropriate, with caloric restriction and exercise to maintain a healthy weight. Low-carbohydrate and/or low-glycemic index diets can provide additional benefits, and nutritional supplements may be useful adjuncts. The recommended physical activity regimen should include both aerobic and resistance exercise.
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15
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Shirkhani S, Marandi SM, Kazeminasab F, Esmaeili M, Ghaedi K, Esfarjani F, Shiralian-Esfahani H, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Comparative studies on the effects of high-fat diet, endurance training and obesity on Ucp1 expression in male C57BL/6 mice. Gene 2018; 676:16-21. [PMID: 30201103 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity triggers a variety of severe conditions, therefore deteriorates metabolism rate of adipose tissues and muscles. Uncoupling proteins which are highly stimulated by fatty acids are potential targets for anti-obesity agents through breaking the electron gradient in the mitochondrial matrix and creating imbalances in the electron transport chain, thereby increasing the amount of substrate used to produce energy. Therefore, the aim of present study is assessment of exercise and high fat diet on expression level of Ucp1 subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissues (scWAT & BAT) respectively. METHODS To perform experiments, 48 male C57BL/6 mice were divided to two major groups and fed with high fat diet (HFD) or low fat diet (LFD) during a period of 12 weeks. After the first intervention, each groups was divided into four groups randomly as (HF-EX), (HF-SED), (LF-EX), (LF-SED) [EX: exercise; SED: sedentary] in form of treadmill running for 45 min/day, 5 days/week during 8 weeks. One day after the last practice session, mice were sacrificed and Ucp1 expression was assessed on scWAT & BAT. RESULTS Data indicated a down-regulation in scWAT Ucp1 in obese mice similar to what observed for the expression of Pgc1α. Both, BAT Ucp1 and Pgc1α mRNA decreased significantly in response to obesity and physical activity. Moreover, exercise caused significant decrease in scWAT mitochondrial proteins contradictory to BAT. CONCLUSION Taken together, exercise exerted controversial effects compared with HFD and obesity on expression of Ucp1 and Pgc1α in scWAT dissimilar to BAT tissues, concluding that obesity may cause a resistance to exercise in terms of metabolic demands for scWAT tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Shirkhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Marandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Esfarjani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Shiralian-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Sciences Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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16
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Bajuk Studen K, Pfeifer M. Cardiometabolic risk in polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R238-R251. [PMID: 29844207 PMCID: PMC6026886 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in women of reproductive age. Besides hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea and fertility issues, it is associated with a high prevalence of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk factors. Several genetic polymorphisms have been identified for possible associations with cardiometabolic derangements in PCOS. Different PCOS phenotypes differ significantly in their cardiometabolic risk, which worsens with severity of androgen excess. Due to methodological difficulties, longer time-scale data about cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in PCOS and about possible beneficial effects of different treatment interventions is missing leaving many issues regarding cardiovascular risk unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katica Bajuk Studen
- Nuclear Medicine DepartmentUniversity Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Pfeifer
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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17
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Spinedi E, Cardinali DP. The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Possible Chronobiotic-Cytoprotective Adjuvant Therapy. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:1349868. [PMID: 30147722 PMCID: PMC6083563 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1349868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a highly frequent reproductive-endocrine disorder affecting up to 8-10% of women worldwide at reproductive age. Although its etiology is not fully understood, evidence suggests that insulin resistance, with or without compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism are very common features of the polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype. Dysfunctional white adipose tissue has been identified as a major contributing factor for insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Environmental (e.g., chronodisruption) and genetic/epigenetic factors may also play relevant roles in syndrome development. Overweight and/or obesity are very common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, thus suggesting that some polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome female phenotypes share common characteristics. Sleep disturbances have been reported to double in women with PCOS and obstructive sleep apnea is a common feature in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Maturation of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion pattern in girls in puberty is closely related to changes in the sleep-wake cycle and could have relevance in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. This review article focuses on two main issues in the polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome phenotype development: (a) the impact of androgen excess on white adipose tissue function and (b) the possible efficacy of adjuvant melatonin therapy to improve the chronobiologic profile in polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome individuals. Genetic variants in melatonin receptor have been linked to increased risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome, to impairments in insulin secretion, and to increased fasting glucose levels. Melatonin therapy may protect against several metabolic syndrome comorbidities in polycystic ovary syndrome and could be applied from the initial phases of patients' treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Spinedi
- Centre for Experimental and Applied Endocrinology (CENEXA, UNLP-CONICET-FCM), CEAS-CICPBA, La Plata Medical School, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel P. Cardinali
- BIOMED-UCA-CONICET and Department of Teaching and Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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