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Shu W, Zhu X, Wang K, Cherepanoff S, Conway RM, Madigan MC, Zhu H, Zhu L, Murray M, Zhou F. The multi-kinase inhibitor afatinib serves as a novel candidate for the treatment of human uveal melanoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:601-619. [PMID: 35781872 PMCID: PMC9424141 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults with a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate. Currently there is no effective treatment for UM. Multi-kinase inhibitors targeting dysregulated pro-tumorigenic signalling pathways have revolutionised anti-cancer treatment but, as yet, their efficacy in UM has not been established. Here, we identified the multi-kinase inhibitor afatinib as a highly effective agent that exerts anti-UM effects in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models. METHODS We assessed the anti-cancer effects of afatinib using cell viability, cell death and cell cycle assays in in vitro and ex vivo UM models. The signaling pathways involved in the anti-UM effects of afatinib were evaluated by Western blotting. The in vivo activity of afatinib was evaluated in UM xenograft models using tumour mass measurement, PET scan, immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL assays. RESULTS We found that afatinib reduced cell viability and activated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in multiple established UM cell lines and in patient tumour-derived primary cell lines. Afatinib impaired cell migration and enhanced reproductive death in these UM cell models. Afatinib-induced cell death was accompanied by activation of STAT1 expression and downregulation of Bcl-xL and cyclin D1 expression, which control cell survival and cell cycle progression. Afatinib attenuated HER2-AKT/ERK/PI3K signalling in UM cell lines. Consistent with these observations, we found that afatinib suppressed tumour growth in UM xenografted mice. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that afatinib activates UM cell death and targets the HER2-mediated cascade, which modulates STAT1-Bcl-xL/cyclin D1 signalling. Thus, targeting HER2 with agents like afatinib may be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat UM and to prevent metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Svetlana Cherepanoff
- SydPath, Department of Anatomical Pathology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - R Max Conway
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Sydney Eye Hospital and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michele C Madigan
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Murray
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Elubous KA, Alebous AD, Abous HA, Elubous RA. The Trends of Uveal Melanoma Research in the Past Two Decades and Future Perspectives. SN COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL MEDICINE 2021; 3:2593-2602. [PMID: 34580651 PMCID: PMC8457032 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-021-01068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the research trends in uveal melanoma in the past two decades. Data were extracted from the Web of Science database website. VOSviewer and Citespace software were used to analyze the retrieved data. The leading country in terms of output and international collaboration is the USA. Research interest in genetic mutations, molecular pathways, and immunotherapy was remarkable in recent years. Most of the top ten journals are specialized in ophthalmology. In recent years, the hotspots include future perspectives, BAP1 mutation, therapeutic target, and systematic reviews. The keywords with the strongest citation bursts are immunotherapy, outcome, and in situ hybridization. The output of uveal melanoma research increased during the past two decades. Before 2015, the main focus of the research was to facilitate prognostication and metastatic risk stratification. Recently, research has moved to examine the metastatic microenvironment. Future research foci may include exploring the role of different mutations, immunotherapy, molecular alterations, and finding ideal clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali D. Alebous
- Department of Surgery, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hebah A. Abous
- Department of Dermatology, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
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The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071700. [PMID: 33916693 PMCID: PMC8038359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.
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Xie X, Zheng X, Xie T, Cai J, Yao Y. Identification of prognostic alternative splicing signatures in uveal melanoma. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 41:1347-1362. [PMID: 33479809 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-01699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alternative splicing (AS) events were reportedly associated with the development of multiple cancers. The study was designed to provide a comprehensive analysis of AS events and explore their potential prognostic value in uveal melanoma (UM). METHODS The prognostic AS events, identified based on the data of 80 UM patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas, were further screened and analyzed for construction of prognostic signatures by using LASSO regression and multivariate Cox model. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic value. The AS events-related functional pathways were explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The difference between two subgroups in terms of treatment options was investigated. The regulatory network between prognostic AS events and splicing factors (SFs) was then constructed. RESULTS A total of 1014 AS events were identified as prognostic AS events. Five prognostic AS events were involved in the construction of prognostic signatures, including AKAP2/87175/AP, RGMA/32575/ES, DNASE1L1/90581/ES, BIN1/55198/ES and ERCC2/50430/AT. UM patients were then divided into two subgroups. Prognostic AS signatures had an excellent performance in predicting the survival of UM patients, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.962. GSEA results suggested several splicing-associated mechanisms, including cellular metabolic process and apoptosis. Low-risk subgroup could be more sensitive to drugs. A higher expression of immune checkpoint genes was observed in high-risk group than in low-risk group. SFs-AS regulatory network also revealed significant association between AS events and SFs. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant AS events in UM patients might serve as prognostic predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Qing Yang Road 299, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Qing Yang Road 299, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Tianhua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Qing Yang Road 299, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Jiping Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Qing Yang Road 299, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Qing Yang Road 299, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China.
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Liquid Biopsy for Solid Ophthalmic Malignancies: An Updated Review and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113284. [PMID: 33172021 PMCID: PMC7694640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To date, there is no treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma. Identifying its metastatic spread is essential. Liquid biopsy can identify patients at risk of metastatic spread early. Here, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of liquid biopsy in ophthalmic malignant tumors, including uveal melanoma. Our objective is to establish the current state of liquid biopsy in the ophthalmic field, as well as its perspectives and limitations. Abstract Tissue biopsy is considered the gold standard when establishing a diagnosis of cancer. However, tissue biopsies of intraocular ophthalmic malignancies are hard to collect and are thought to be associated with a non-negligible risk of extraocular dissemination. Recently, the liquid biopsy (LB) has emerged as a viable, non-invasive, repeatable, and promising way of obtaining a diagnosis, prognosis, and theragnosis of patients with solid tumors. LB refers to blood, as well as any human liquid. The natural history of uveal melanoma (UM) and retinoblastoma (RB) are radically opposed. On the one hand, UM is known to disseminate through the bloodstream, and is, therefore, more accessible to systemic venous liquid biopsy. On the other hand, RB rarely disseminates hematogenous, and is, therefore, more accessible to local liquid biopsy by performing an anterior chamber puncture. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning LB in UM, RB, conjunctival tumors, and choroidal metastases. We also develop the current limitations encountered, as well as the perspectives.
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Wu MY, Lai TT, Liao WT, Li CJ. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance and molecular mechanisms governing uveal melanoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920917566. [PMID: 32550863 PMCID: PMC7281640 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920917566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in
adults. Although UM and cutaneous melanoma are derived from
melanocytes, UM differs clinically and biologically from its more
common skin counterparts. More than half of primary UMs metastasize.
However, there is currently no effective treatment for metastatic UM.
Therefore, studying mutations related to the metastasis, growth,
proliferation, and survival of UM can help researchers understand its
pathogenesis and metastatic mechanism, thereby leading to a more
effective treatment. In addition, we provide an overview of the recent
basic and clinical studies to provide a strong foundation for
developing novel anti-carcinogenesis targets for future
interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Tzu-Ting Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung Chinese Medicine Department, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Road, Zuoying District, Kaohsiung City 81362 Institute of BioPharmaceutical sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung
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Kaštelan S, Antunica AG, Oresković LB, Pelčić G, Kasun E, Hat K. Immunotherapy for Uveal Melanoma - Current Knowledge and Perspectives. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1350-1366. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190704141444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most prevalent primary intraocular tumour in adults with
the incidence between five and six cases per million people in the United States and Europe.
The prognosis of patients with uveal melanoma is unfavourable with a 5-year survival rate of
50-70% despite significant advances in local tumour treatment using radiotherapy or surgical
resection. Approximately 50% of the patients develop metastases within 15 years from initial
diagnosis, mostly in the liver. The median survival rate after the onset of metastases is 6
months. Potential treatment options for metastatic uveal melanoma are chemotherapy, targeted
therapy, and immunotherapy but no method showed satisfactory results. Immunotherapy
with checkpoint inhibition showed promising results in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma;
however, it did not appear to be equally effective with uveal melanoma. This may be
due to differences in mutational burden, expression of neoantigens between these two types of
tumour, immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, and low immunogenicity and immune
privilege of uveal melanoma. Considering the disappointing results of treatment with
anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in patients with advanced uveal melanoma several
new forms of therapies are being developed. This may include immunotherapy with
IMCgp100, glembatumumab vedotin and the infusion of autologous TILs, targeted therapy
with selective MEK inhibitors, epigenetic therapy, and nanotherapy. Better insight into the
molecular and genetic profile of uveal melanoma will facilitate detection of new prognostic
biomarkers and thus enable a better modification of the existing immunotherapy methods and
development of new forms of treatment specifically designed for uveal melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Kaštelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Goran Pelčić
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka and Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ema Kasun
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Koraljka Hat
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Kasaee A, Eshraghi B, Nekoozadeh S, Ameli K, Sadeghi M, Jamshidian-Tehrani M. Orbital Exenteration: A 23-year Report. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2019; 33:366-370. [PMID: 31389213 PMCID: PMC6685828 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2018.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Orbital exenteration is a psychologically and anatomically disfiguring procedure which indicated in some patients with malignant or progressive diseases of orbital and periorbital area. In this study, we reviewed 176 patients that underwent orbital exenteration. METHODS This was a retrospective study of medical records from all patients who underwent orbital exenteration from March 1991 to March 2014 in oculoplastic department at an eye care center. Demographic data, diagnosis, site of primary involvement and technique of surgery were determined in patients. RESULTS One hundred seventy-six cases of orbital exenteration were included that had documented histopathology. The age of patients ranged from 1 to 91 years (mean age ± standard deviation, 55.43 ± 27 years). Ninety-seven (55.11%) males and 79 (44.88%) females were included. Fifteen different tumors were identified. The most common indication was patients with basal cell carcinoma 49 (28%) followed by 41 (23.5%) squamous cell carcinomas, 35 (20%) retinoblastoma, and 13 (7%) adenoid cystic carcinomas. In total, adnexal malignancies were the most common tumors, secondarily involving the orbit. Eyelids 89 (50.5%) and the globe 43 (24%) were the most frequent site of involvement. Three types of exenteration were performed, based on available data of 129 operation sheets, 46 (35.7%) subtotal, 62 (48.1%) total, and 21 (16.3%) cases of extensive exenterations. In total 97 cases were evaluated pathologically for perineural involvement, of which perineural invasion was noted in 9 (7%) reports. CONCLUSIONS Frequency of exenteration in our center has increased in past 3 years and the majority of cases were eyelid basal cell carcinoma. Patient education considering periocular lesions can help in earlier diagnosis of malignant lesions and therefore reducing the number of exenteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Kasaee
- Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Eshraghi
- Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahbaz Nekoozadeh
- Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Ameli
- Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Sadeghi
- Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Jamshidian-Tehrani
- Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Surman M, Hoja-Łukowicz D, Szwed S, Kędracka-Krok S, Jankowska U, Kurtyka M, Drożdż A, Lityńska A, Stępień E, Przybyło M. An Insight into the Proteome of Uveal Melanoma-Derived Ectosomes Reveals the Presence of Potentially Useful Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153789. [PMID: 31382537 PMCID: PMC6695883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are known to release extracellular vesicles that often promote disease development and progression. The present study investigated the protein content and glycosylation pattern of ectosomes released in vitro by a human primary uveal melanoma Mel202 cell line. Ectosomes released by Mel202 cells were isolated from conditioned media using sequential centrifugation, and a nano-LC-MS/MS approach was used to determine their protein content. Subsequently, proteins from ectosomes, the whole cell extracts, and the membrane fractions were probed with a panel of lectins using Western blotting and flow cytometry to reveal characteristic glycan structures. As many as 2527 unique proteins were identified, and many of them are known to be involved in cancer cell proliferation and altered metabolism, tumor invasion, metastasis, or drug resistance. Lectin-based studies revealed a distinct glycosylation pattern between Mel202-derived ectosomes and the parental cell membranes. Selective enrichment of ectosomal proteins with bisected complex type N-glycans and α2,6-linked sialic acids may be significant for ectosome formation and sequestration. Differences in the surface glycosylation of Mel202 cells and ectosomes supports recent findings that the budding of ectosomes occurs within strictly determined fragments of the plasma membrane, and thus ectosomes contain a unique protein and glycan composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sabina Szwed
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kędracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kurtyka
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Drożdż
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Lityńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Bagger MM. Intraocular biopsy of uveal melanoma Risk assessment and identification of genetic prognostic markers. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96 Suppl A112:1-28. [PMID: 30133961 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mette Marie Bagger
- Departments of Clinical Genetics and Ophthalmology; Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
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11
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Hajkova N, Hojny J, Nemejcova K, Dundr P, Ulrych J, Jirsova K, Glezgova J, Ticha I. Germline mutation in the TP53 gene in uveal melanoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7618. [PMID: 29769598 PMCID: PMC5955881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed comprehensive molecular analysis of five cases of metastasizing uveal malignant melanoma (UM) (fresh-frozen samples) with an NGS panel of 73 genes. A likely pathogenic germline TP53 mutation c.760A > G (p.I254V) was found in two tumor samples and matched nontumor tissue. In three cases, pathogenic BAP1 mutation was detected together with germline missense variants of uncertain significance in ATM. All cases carried recurrent activating GNAQ or GNA11 mutation. Moreover, we analyzed samples from another 16 patients with primary UM by direct Sanger sequencing focusing only on TP53 coding region. No other germline TP53 mutation was detected in these samples. Germline TP53 mutation, usually associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, is a rare event in UM. To the best of our knowledge, only one family with germline TP53 mutation has previously been described. In our study, we detected TP53 mutation in two patients without known family relationship. The identification of germline aberrations in TP53 or BAP1 is important to identify patients with Li-Fraumeni syndrome or BAP1 cancer syndrome, which is also crucial for proper genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Hajkova
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hojny
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Nemejcova
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ulrych
- 1st Department of Surgery - Department of Abdominal, Thoracic Surgery and Traumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Jirsova
- Clinic of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johana Glezgova
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Ticha
- Institute of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Long-term survival in a patient with unresectable liver metastases from uveal melanoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization with irinotecan eluting beads - case report and review of literature. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2017; 21:244-248. [PMID: 29180934 PMCID: PMC5701586 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2017.70115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment of unresectable liver metastases (LM) from uveal melanoma (UM) remains a major clinical challenge. Systemic chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy regimens extrapolated from cutaneous melanoma are considered to be ineffective in therapy of metastases from uveal melanoma. Studies suggest that the progression of hepatic metastases rather than the primary tumor or metastases in other organs determines survival. Case report We report a case of transarterial chemoembolization of 57-year-old man diagnosed with unresectable liver metastases from uveal melanoma with irinotecan eluting beads. Therapy resulted in long progression free survival and overall survival, 41 months and 45 months after diagnosis of metastatic disease respectively. Patient did not experience any major side effects of the therapy. Follow-up CTs indicate stable disease in mRECIST criteria and partial response in CHOI criteria. Conclusions Transarterial chemoembolization with drug eluting beads loaded with irinotecan may be an effective treatment of unresectable liver metastases from uveal melanoma.
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Chen Y, Liu X, Gao L, Liu Y. Xenograft Mouse Model of Human Uveal Melanoma. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2594. [PMID: 34595272 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a malignant intraocular tumor in adults. Metastasis develops in almost half of the patients and over 90% of the metastases are in the liver. With the advances in molecular targeting therapy for melanoma, a proper metastasis animal model is of increasing importance for testing the accuracy and effectiveness of systemic therapies. Here, we describe a xenograft model for mimicking human UM liver metastasis by injecting human UM cells into the vitreous cavity in nude mice. The athymic nude mice are immunocompromised and suitable for xenograft tumor growth and metastasis, and intravitreal injection of cells is a quicker and easier operation under a binocular scope, thereby it is simple and effective to test human UM growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Álvarez-Rodríguez B, Latorre A, Posch C, Somoza Á. Recent advances in uveal melanoma treatment. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1350-1372. [PMID: 28759124 DOI: 10.1002/med.21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. Recent advances in the understanding of molecular characteristics helped to determine which tumors are most likely to progress. About 50% of patients carrying genetic alterations such as chromosomal aberrations and mutations are at significant risk for metastatic disease of which the majority will succumb to UM within few months. Currently, there is no effective treatment for metastatic uveal melanoma, and we hope this review will encourage researchers and clinicians to work to find a better standard of care. In this article we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular framework of UM, highlighting the most common mutations involved in this kind of cancer. It also covers the most recent treatments from basic research to clinical trials, including small molecules, nucleic acids or immunotherapy, among others. It is intended to serve as a key reference for clinicians and researchers working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología,", Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Latorre
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología,", Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Posch
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Vienna, Austria.,School of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), CNB-CSIC-IMDEA Nanociencia Associated Unit "Unidad de Nanobiotecnología,", Madrid, Spain
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15
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Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM), a rare cancer of the eye, is distinct from cutaneous melanoma by its etiology, the mutation frequency and profile, and its clinical behavior including resistance to targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockers. Primary disease is efficiently controlled by surgery or radiation therapy, but about half of UMs develop distant metastasis mostly to the liver. Survival of patients with metastasis is below 1 year and has not improved in decades. Recent years have brought a deep understanding of UM biology characterized by initiating mutations in the G proteins GNAQ and GNA11. Cytogenetic alterations, in particular monosomy of chromosome 3 and amplification of the long arm of chromosome 8, and mutation of the BRCA1-associated protein 1, BAP1, a tumor suppressor gene, or the splicing factor SF3B1 determine UM metastasis. Cytogenetic and molecular profiling allow for a very precise prognostication that is still not matched by efficacious adjuvant therapies. G protein signaling has been shown to activate the YAP/TAZ pathway independent of HIPPO, and conventional signaling via the mitogen-activated kinase pathway probably also contributes to UM development and progression. Several lines of evidence indicate that inflammation and macrophages play a pro-tumor role in UM and in its hepatic metastases. UM cells benefit from the immune privilege in the eye and may adopt several mechanisms involved in this privilege for tumor escape that act even after leaving the niche. Here, we review the current knowledge of the biology of UM and discuss recent approaches to UM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Amaro
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gangemi
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Piaggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Angelini
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaia Barisione
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Ferrini
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Integrated Oncology Therapies, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, L.go Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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