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Sharma M, Huertas L, Shah S, Gil A, Bitrian E, Chang TC. Compliance with web content accessibility guidelines in ophthalmology social media posts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9142. [PMID: 38644414 PMCID: PMC11033289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional exploratory analysis of publicly available Internet data to examine compliance to web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) on patient education social media posts in ophthalmology. WCAG ensures web content accessibility for those with disabilities (including visual impairment). A total of 100 social media posts were sampled from ten ophthalmology patient education social media pages and ten non-ophthalmology (cardiopulmonary) pages as the comparison group. Three independent graders evaluated the selected posts based on the WCAG 2 checklist by WebAIM, a non-profit affiliated with Utah State University, after its adaptation for social media posts. Validated accessibility standard labels: "0" for not meeting any standards, "1" or "A" for meeting bare minimum accessibility requirements, "2" or "AA" for meeting legal accessibility requirements, or "3" or "AAA" for exceeding accessibility requirements. There was not enough evidence to detect a difference in WCAG scores between ophthalmology and non-ophthalmology posts (p = 0.80). Forty-nine percent of scores for ophthalmology social media posts showed no compliance with any WCAG. The most common reasons that ophthalmology posts failed to meet criteria were due to color and contrast issues (39%). Most ophthalmology social media posts had low WCAG scores, indicating poor compliance to WCAG. Because social media is highly visual, reduced compliance to WCAG may create barriers for low vision individuals to successfully access patient education social media content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Sharma
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Laura Huertas
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Serena Shah
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Alexandra Gil
- Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Elena Bitrian
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ta C Chang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Yakobashvili D, Zhu A, Aftab OM, Steidl T, Mahajan J, Khouri AS. Ophthalmology residency programs on social media. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4815-4819. [PMID: 37845579 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the transition from away rotations and in-person interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic came a search for alternative methods to represent and promote residency programs. We investigated utilization of social media by ophthalmology residency programs in response to the pandemic. METHODS Social media accounts of accredited ophthalmology residency programs were found through a manual search on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Each program's geographical region (Northeast, Midwest, South, or West) was identified, and year of account creation (2009-2021) was noted. An exponential regression model was used to model total number of social media accounts over time. Comparisons of total number of social media accounts before/after the pandemic and by region, stratified by social media platform, were evaluated through chi-square analysis. RESULTS Of 125 ophthalmology residency programs, 63% (n = 79) had at least one account on a social platform. 142 acc. Instagram held the most accounts (45%, n = 64), followed by Facebook (29%, n = 41) and Twitter (26%, n = 37). From 2009 to 2021, there has been an exponential increase in social media accounts (R2 = 0.962). 45% (n = 65) of all accounts were created after March 2020. Instagram increased the most, with 45 ophthalmology residency accounts created after the pandemic as compared to 19 created prior (p < 0.001). The number of social media accounts did not vary by region. CONCLUSIONS Based on current trends, the presence of ophthalmology residency programs on social media will likely continue expanding, with major social platforms becoming a vaster source of information for ophthalmology residency applicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Yakobashvili
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 W S Orange Ave, 90 Bergen Street, Suite 6100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Aretha Zhu
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 W S Orange Ave, 90 Bergen Street, Suite 6100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Owais M Aftab
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 W S Orange Ave, 90 Bergen Street, Suite 6100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Tyler Steidl
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 W S Orange Ave, 90 Bergen Street, Suite 6100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jasmine Mahajan
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 W S Orange Ave, 90 Bergen Street, Suite 6100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Albert S Khouri
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 W S Orange Ave, 90 Bergen Street, Suite 6100, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Sharma M, Shah S, Gil A, Huertas L, Bitrian E, Chang TCP. Compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines in Ophthalmology Social Media Posts. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3565120. [PMID: 37986969 PMCID: PMC10659549 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3565120/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional analysis of publicly available Internet data to examine compliance to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) on patient education social media posts in ophthalmology. WCAG ensures web content accessibility for those with disabilities (including visual impairment). Social media posts were sampled from 10 ophthalmology patient education social media pages and 10 non-ophthalmology (cardiopulmonary) pages as the comparison group. Three independent reviewers graded the selected posts based on the WebAIM© WCAG 2 checklist adapted for social media posts. Validated accessibility standard labels: "0" for not meeting any standards, "1" for meeting bare minimum accessibility requirements, "2" for meeting legal accessibility requirements, or "3" for exceeding accessibility requirements. There were no significant differences between ophthalmology and non-ophthalmology posts in receiving high vs. low WCAG grades. 49% of ratings for ophthalmology social media posts showed no compliance with any WCAG. The most common reasons that ophthalmology posts failed to meet criteria were due to color and contrast issues (38.9%). Most ophthalmology social media posts had low WCAG scores, indicating poor compliance to WCAG. Because social media is highly visual, reduced compliance to WCAG may create barriers for low vision individuals to successfully access patient education social media content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Sharma
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Serena Shah
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | | | - Laura Huertas
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Elena Bitrian
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
| | - Ta Chen Peter Chang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
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Lin ML. Online uveitis support groups: A modern day survival guide. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 51:661-662. [PMID: 37803503 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lee Lin
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Jiao C, Patel PA, Bui T, Boyd CJ. Linguistic analysis of gender bias among ophthalmic content on YouTube. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 51:735-739. [PMID: 37340612 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiao
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Parth A Patel
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tommy Bui
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carter J Boyd
- Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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Lai KE, Antonio AA, Ko MW, Epling JP, Nguyen AX, Carey AR. Social Media in Neuro-Ophthalmology: Paradigms, Opportunities, and Strategies. J Neuroophthalmol 2023; 43:295-302. [PMID: 37307089 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media (SoMe) is an integral part of life in the 21st century. Its potential for rapid dissemination and amplification of information offers opportunities for neuro-ophthalmologists to have an outsized voice to share expert-level knowledge with the public, other medical professionals, policymakers, and trainees. However, there are also potential pitfalls, because SoMe may spread incorrect or misleading information. Understanding and using SoMe enables neuro-ophthalmologists to influence and educate that would otherwise be limited by workforce shortages. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed search for the terms "social media" AND "neuro-ophthalmology," "social media" AND "ophthalmology," and "social media" AND "neurology" was performed. RESULTS Seventy-two neurology articles, 70 ophthalmology articles, and 3 neuro-ophthalmology articles were analyzed. A large proportion of the articles were published in the last 3 years (2020, 2021, 2022). Most articles were analyses of SoMe content; other domains included engagement analysis such as Altmetric analysis, utilization survey, advisory opinion/commentary, literature review, and other. SoMe has been used in medicine to share and recruit for scientific research, medical education, advocacy, mentorship and medical professional networking, and branding, marketing, practice building, and influencing. The American Academy of Neurology, American Academy of Ophthalmology, and North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society have developed guidelines on the use of SoMe. CONCLUSIONS Neuro-ophthalmologists may benefit greatly from harnessing SoMe for the purposes of academics, advocacy, networking, and marketing. Regularly creating appropriate professional SoMe content can enable the neuro-ophthalmologist to make a global impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Lai
- Departments of Ophthalmology (KEL, MWK) and Neurology (MWK), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Ophthalmology Service (KEL), Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Neuro-Ophthalmology Section (KEL), Midwest Eye Institute, Carmel, Indiana; Circle City Neuro-Ophthalmology (KEL), Carmel, Indiana; Trinity Health Saint Mary's (AAA), Hauenstein Neurosciences, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (JPE), School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (AXN), McGill University, Montréal, Canada; and Wilmer Eye Institute (ARC), Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lynch AM, McReynolds AJ, Wittel RJ, Mathias MT, Manoharan N, Emerick LM, Brocious ML, Patnaik JL. The use of social and digital media to recruit patients with early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 51:398-401. [PMID: 37062710 PMCID: PMC10789447 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Lynch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Arden J. McReynolds
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel J. Wittel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marc T. Mathias
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Niranjan Manoharan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Leah M. Emerick
- Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Meredith L. Brocious
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Patnaik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Éditorial. J Fr Ophtalmol 2022; 45:847-849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gameiro Filho AR, Fernandes BF, Belfort RN. Using social media in ocular oncology. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 50:808-809. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aluisio R. Gameiro Filho
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp – EPM) São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Rubens N. Belfort
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp – EPM) São Paulo SP Brazil
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