1
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Bashir U, Singh G, Bhatia A. Rheumatoid arthritis-recent advances in pathogenesis and the anti-inflammatory effect of plant-derived COX inhibitors. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5363-5385. [PMID: 38358467 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The majority of people with autoimmune disorders, including those with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and tendonitis report pain, stiffness, and inflammation as major contributors to their worse quality of life in terms of overall health. Of all the available treatment options, COX inhibitors are the ones that are utilized most frequently to ease the symptoms. Various signaling cascades have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis which includes JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NF-kB signaling pathways, and several allopathic inhibitors (tofacitinib and baricitinib) have been reported to target the components of these cascades and have received approval for RA treatment. However, the prolonged use of these COX inhibitors and other allopathic drugs can pose serious health challenges due to their significant side effects. Therefore, searching for a more effective and side effect-free treatment for rheumatoid arthritis has unveiled phytochemicals as both productive and promising. Their therapeutic ability helps develop potent and safe drugs targeting immune-inflammatory diseases including RA. Various scientific databases were used for searching articles such as NCBI, SpringerLink, BioMed Central, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Scopus, Nature, Wiley Online Library, and ScienceDirect. This review lists various phytochemicals and discusses their potential molecular targets in RA treatment, as demonstrated by various in vitro, in vivo (pre-clinical), and clinical studies. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that various phytochemicals can be an alternative promising intervention for attenuating and managing inflammation-associated pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaid Bashir
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Gurjant Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Astha Bhatia
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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2
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Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F. Genomic Medicine: Lessons Learned From Monogenic and Complex Bone Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:556610. [PMID: 33162933 PMCID: PMC7581702 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.556610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current genetic studies of monogenic and complex bone diseases have broadened our understanding of disease pathophysiology, highlighting the need for medical interventions and treatments tailored to the characteristics of patients. As genomic research progresses, novel insights into the molecular mechanisms are starting to provide support to clinical decision-making; now offering ample opportunities for disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Drug targets holding mechanisms with genetic support are more likely to be successful. Therefore, implementing genetic information to the drug development process and a molecular redefinition of skeletal disease can help overcoming current shortcomings in pharmaceutical research, including failed attempts and appalling costs. This review summarizes the achievements of genetic studies in the bone field and their application to clinical care, illustrating the imminent advent of the genomic medicine era.
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3
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Wong HSC, Lin YJ, Lu HF, Liao WL, Chen CH, Wu JY, Chang WC, Tsai FJ. Genomic interrogation of familial short stature contributes to the discovery of the pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmaceutical drug repositioning. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:91. [PMID: 31699087 PMCID: PMC6836357 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors, dysregulation in the endocrine system, cytokine and paracrine factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of familial short stature (FSS). Nowadays, the treatment choice for FSS is limited, with only recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) being available. Methods Herein, starting from the identification of 122 genetic loci related to FSS, we adopted a genetic-driven drug discovery bioinformatics pipeline based on functional annotation to prioritize crucial biological FSS-related genes. These genes were suggested to be potential targets for therapeutics. Results We discovered five druggable subnetworks, which contained seven FSS-related genes and 17 druggable targerts. Conclusions This study provides a valuable drug repositioning accompanied by corresponding targetable gene clusters for FSS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Sung-Ching Wong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen-Ling Liao
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University , New Taipei City, Taiwan. .,Pain Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Children's Hospital of China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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4
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Okada Y, Kishikawa T, Sakaue S, Hirata J. Future Directions of Genomics Research in Rheumatic Diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2018; 43:481-487. [PMID: 28711147 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in human genome genotyping and sequencing technologies, such as genome-wide association studies and whole-genome sequencing analyses, have successfully identified several risk genes of rheumatic diseases. Fine-mapping studies using the HLA imputation method revealed that classical and non-classical HLA genes contribute to the risk of rheumatic diseases. Integration of human disease genomics with biological, medical, and clinical databases should contribute to the elucidation of disease pathogenicity and novel drug discovery. Disease risk genes identified by large-scale genetic studies are considered to be promising resources for novel drug discovery, including drug repositioning and biomarker microRNA screening for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Kishikawa
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jun Hirata
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Pharmaceutical Discovery Research Laboratories, Teijin Pharma Limited, 4-3-2, Asahigaoka, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
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5
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Breen G, Li Q, Roth BL, O'Donnell P, Didriksen M, Dolmetsch R, O'Reilly PF, Gaspar HA, Manji H, Huebel C, Kelsoe JR, Malhotra D, Bertolino A, Posthuma D, Sklar P, Kapur S, Sullivan PF, Collier DA, Edenberg HJ. Translating genome-wide association findings into new therapeutics for psychiatry. Nat Neurosci 2017; 19:1392-1396. [PMID: 27786187 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in psychiatry, once they reach sufficient sample size and power, have been enormously successful. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) aims for mega-analyses with sample sizes that will grow to >1 million individuals in the next 5 years. This should lead to hundreds of new findings for common genetic variants across nine psychiatric disorders studied by the PGC. The new targets discovered by GWAS have the potential to restart largely stalled psychiatric drug development pipelines, and the translation of GWAS findings into the clinic is a key aim of the recently funded phase 3 of the PGC. This is not without considerable technical challenges. These approaches complement the other main aim of GWAS studies, risk prediction approaches for improving detection, differential diagnosis, and clinical trial design. This paper outlines the motivations, technical and analytical issues, and the plans for translating PGC phase 3 findings into new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerome Breen
- MRC Social, Genetic &Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Qingqin Li
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research &Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Michael Didriksen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroscience Research DK, Valby, Denmark
| | - Ricardo Dolmetsch
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul F O'Reilly
- MRC Social, Genetic &Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Héléna A Gaspar
- MRC Social, Genetic &Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Husseini Manji
- Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Janssen Research &Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christopher Huebel
- MRC Social, Genetic &Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - John R Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dheeraj Malhotra
- Neuroscience Discovery and Translational Area, Pharma Research &Early Development, F. Hoffmann - La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research/VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shitij Kapur
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David A Collier
- MRC Social, Genetic &Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.,Discovery Neuroscience Research, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd, Windlesham, Surrey, UK
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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6
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Warden A, Erickson E, Robinson G, Harris RA, Mayfield RD. The neuroimmune transcriptome and alcohol dependence: potential for targeted therapies. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:2081-2096. [PMID: 27918243 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome profiling enables discovery of gene networks that are altered in alcoholic brains. This technique has revealed involvement of the brain's neuroimmune system in regulating alcohol abuse and dependence, and has provided potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss Toll-like-receptor pathways, hypothesized to be key players in many stages of the alcohol addiction cycle. The growing appreciation of the neuroimmune system's involvement in alcoholism has also led to consideration of crucial roles for glial cells, including astrocytes and microglia, in the brain's response to alcohol abuse. We discuss current knowledge and hypotheses on the roles that specific neuroimmune cell types may play in addiction. Current strategies for repurposing US FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of alcohol use disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Warden
- The University of Texas at Austin, Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Emma Erickson
- The University of Texas at Austin, Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Gizelle Robinson
- The University of Texas at Austin, Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, Austin, TX, USA
| | - R Adron Harris
- The University of Texas at Austin, Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, Austin, TX, USA
| | - R Dayne Mayfield
- The University of Texas at Austin, Waggoner Center for Alcohol & Addiction Research, Austin, TX, USA
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7
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Detert J, Burmester GR. [Treat to target and personalized medicine (precision medicine)]. Z Rheumatol 2016; 75:624-32. [PMID: 27365026 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Detert
- Klinik m.S. Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - G R Burmester
- Klinik m.S. Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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8
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Heilmann-Heimbach S, Hochfeld LM, Paus R, Nöthen MM. Hunting the genes in male-pattern alopecia: how important are they, how close are we and what will they tell us? Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:251-7. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Lara M. Hochfeld
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dermatology Research Centre; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Department of Dermatology; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics; Life & Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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9
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Hegab MM, Abdelwahab AF, El-Sayed Yousef AM, Salem MN, El-Baz W, Abdelrhman S, Elshabacy F, Alhefny A, Abouraya W, Ibrahim SM, Ragab G, Rudolph JM. CD28 and PTPN22 are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Egyptians. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:522-6. [PMID: 27125674 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited data are available on the genetics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Egyptians. Therefore, we investigated whether the confirmed genetic risk factors for RA in Europeans and/or Asians contribute to RA susceptibility in Egyptians. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A set of seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vicinity of CD28, TNFAIP3, PTPN22, PADI4 and HLA-DRA were tested in a large multi-centric RA cohort in Egypt, consisting of 394 cases and 398 matched controls. Patients were stratified based on the positivity of either anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) or rheumatoid factor (RF). RESULTS Significant association was evident for three SNPs in this cohort: the CD28 (rs1980422) variant showed a strong association in the whole cohort (P=0.000119) and in seropositive subsets of the disease (PACPA+=0.004; PRF+=0.0005). Upon stratification, the PTPN22 (rs2476601) and TNFAIP3(rs5029939) variants showed association only with ACPA positive (PACPA+=0.00573) and negative (PACPA-=0.00999) phenotypes, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CD28(rs1980422) and PTPN22(rs2476601) contribute to RA-susceptibility in Egyptians. Failure to replicate the association of PADI4(rs2240340)/(PADI4_94) in Egyptian RA patients provides further support for the notion that genetic architecture of RA is different in multiple populations of European, Asian, African, and Middle Eastern ancestries. Further investigation using large-scale studies is thus needed to maximize the power of genetic association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen M Hegab
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Medical Research, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt (Scopus affiliation ID 60014618); Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aml Fawzy Abdelwahab
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Medical Research, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt (Scopus affiliation ID 60014618)
| | | | - Mohamed Nabil Salem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Walaa El-Baz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Sherry Abdelrhman
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Benha Teaching Hospital, Egypt
| | - Fatemah Elshabacy
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Benha Teaching Hospital, Egypt
| | - Abdelazim Alhefny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Wagida Abouraya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | | | - Gaafar Ragab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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10
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Márquez A, Martín J, Carmona FD. Emerging aspects of molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2016; 16:663-75. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1174579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Okada Y, Muramatsu T, Suita N, Kanai M, Kawakami E, Iotchkova V, Soranzo N, Inazawa J, Tanaka T. Significant impact of miRNA-target gene networks on genetics of human complex traits. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22223. [PMID: 26927695 PMCID: PMC4772006 DOI: 10.1038/srep22223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of microRNA (miRNA) on the genetics of human complex traits, especially in the context of miRNA-target gene networks, has not been fully assessed. Here, we developed a novel analytical method, MIGWAS, to comprehensively evaluate enrichment of genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in miRNA–target gene networks. We applied the method to the GWAS results of the 18 human complex traits from >1.75 million subjects, and identified significant enrichment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), kidney function, and adult height (P < 0.05/18 = 0.0028, most significant enrichment in RA with P = 1.7 × 10−4). Interestingly, these results were consistent with current literature-based knowledge of the traits on miRNA obtained through the NCBI PubMed database search (adjusted P = 0.024). Our method provided a list of miRNA and target gene pairs with excess genetic association signals, part of which included drug target genes. We identified a miRNA (miR-4728-5p) that downregulates PADI2, a novel RA risk gene considered as a promising therapeutic target (rs761426, adjusted P = 2.3 × 10−9). Our study indicated the significant impact of miRNA–target gene networks on the genetics of human complex traits, and provided resources which should contribute to drug discovery and nucleic acid medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Okada
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naomasa Suita
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Advanced Medicinal Research Laboratories, Tsukuba Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., Tsukuba 300-4247, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Valentina Iotchkova
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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12
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Sung YK, Yuan K, de Jesus Perez VA. Novel approaches to pulmonary arterial hypertension drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:407-14. [PMID: 26901465 PMCID: PMC4933595 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1153625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder associated with abnormally elevated pulmonary pressures that, if untreated, leads to right heart failure and premature death. The goal of drug development for PAH is to develop effective therapies that halt, or ideally, reverse the obliterative vasculopathy that results in vessel loss and obstruction of blood flow to the lungs. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the current approach to candidate discovery in PAH and discusses the currently available drug discovery methods that should be implemented to prioritize targets and obtain a comprehensive pharmacological profile of promising compounds with well-defined mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION To improve the successful identification of leading drug candidates, it is necessary that traditional pre-clinical studies are combined with drug screening strategies that maximize the characterization of biological activity and identify relevant off-target effects that could hinder the clinical efficacy of the compound when tested in human subjects. A successful drug discovery strategy in PAH will require collaboration of clinician scientists with medicinal chemists and pharmacologists who can identify compounds with an adequate safety profile and biological activity against relevant disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yon K. Sung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Ke Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
| | - Vinicio A. de Jesus Perez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Vera Moulton Wall Center for Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, California
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13
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Lencz T, Malhotra AK. Targeting the schizophrenia genome: a fast track strategy from GWAS to clinic. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:820-6. [PMID: 25869805 PMCID: PMC4486648 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium-Schizophrenia Workgroup (PGC-SCZ) has recently published a genomewide association study (GWAS) identifying >100 genetic loci, encompassing a total of 341 protein-coding genes, attaining genomewide significance for susceptibility to schizophrenia. Given the extremely long time (12-15 years) and expense (>$1 billion) associated with the development of novel drug targets, repurposing of drugs with known and validated targets may be the most expeditious path toward deriving clinical utility from these GWAS findings. In the present study, we examined all genes within loci implicated by the PGC-SCZ GWAS against databases of targets of both approved and registered pharmaceutical compounds. We identified 20 potential schizophrenia susceptibility genes that encode proteins that are the targets of approved drugs. Of these, we prioritized genes/targets that are of clear neuropsychiatric interest and that are also sole members of the linkage disequilibrium block surrounding a PGC-SCZ GWAS hit. In addition to DRD2, 5 genes meet these criteria: CACNA1C, CACNB2, CACNA1I, GRIN2A and HCN1. An additional 20 genes coding for proteins that are the targets of drugs in registered clinical trials, but without approved indications, were also identified. Although considerable work is still required to fully explicate the biological implications of the PGC-SCZ GWAS results, pathways related to these known, druggable targets may represent a promising starting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA. E-mail: or
| | - A K Malhotra
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, 75-59 263rd Street, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA. E-mail: or
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