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Lavillaureix A, Rollier P, Kim A, Panasenkava V, De Tayrac M, Carré W, Guyodo H, Faoucher M, Poirel E, Akloul L, Quélin C, Whalen S, Bos J, Broekema M, van Hagen JM, Grand K, Allen-Sharpley M, Magness E, McLean SD, Kayserili H, Altunoglu U, En Qi Chong A, Xue S, Jeanne M, Almontashiri N, Habhab W, Vanlerberghe C, Faivre L, Viora-Dupont E, Philippe C, Safraou H, Laffargue F, Mittendorf L, Abou Jamra R, Patil SJ, Dalal A, Sarma AS, Keren B, Reversade B, Dubourg C, Odent S, Dupé V. DISP1 deficiency: Monoallelic and biallelic variants cause a spectrum of midline craniofacial malformations. Genet Med 2024; 26:101126. [PMID: 38529886 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE DISP1 encodes a transmembrane protein that regulates the secretion of the morphogen, Sonic hedgehog, a deficiency of which is a major cause of holoprosencephaly (HPE). This disorder covers a spectrum of brain and midline craniofacial malformations. The objective of the present study was to better delineate the clinical phenotypes associated with division transporter dispatched-1 (DISP1) variants. METHODS This study was based on the identification of at least 1 pathogenic variant of the DISP1 gene in individuals for whom detailed clinical data were available. RESULTS A total of 23 DISP1 variants were identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states in 25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects. Most cases were minor forms of HPE, with craniofacial features such as orofacial cleft, solitary median maxillary central incisor, and congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis. These individuals had either monoallelic loss-of-function variants or biallelic missense variants in DISP1. In individuals with severe HPE, the DISP1 variants were commonly found associated with a variant in another HPE-linked gene (ie, oligogenic inheritance). CONCLUSION The genetic findings we have acquired demonstrate a significant involvement of DISP1 variants in the phenotypic spectrum of midline defects. This underlines its importance as a crucial element in the efficient secretion of Sonic hedgehog. We also demonstrated that the very rare solitary median maxillary central incisor and congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis combination is part of the DISP1-related phenotype. The present study highlights the clinical risks to be flagged up during genetic counseling after the discovery of a pathogenic DISP1 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alinoë Lavillaureix
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Paul Rollier
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Artem Kim
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Veranika Panasenkava
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Marie De Tayrac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Wilfrid Carré
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Guyodo
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Faoucher
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Elisabeth Poirel
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Linda Akloul
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Chloé Quélin
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares des Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, Hôpital Trousseau & Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Bos
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Clinical Genetic, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjoleine Broekema
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Clinical Genetic, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna M van Hagen
- Department of Human Genetics, Section Clinical Genetic, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katheryn Grand
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Emily Magness
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Scott D McLean
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Clinical Genetics, Christus Children's, San Antonio, TX
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Angie En Qi Chong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shifeng Xue
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Médéric Jeanne
- Service de Génétique, FHU GenOMedS, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Naif Almontashiri
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases (CGID), Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wisam Habhab
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Genetics of Developmental Disorders, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Eléonore Viora-Dupont
- Genetics of Developmental Disorders, INSERM UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Hana Safraou
- Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Fanny Laffargue
- CHU Clermont Ferrand, Service de Génétique Clinique, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Luisa Mittendorf
- Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Ashwin Dalal
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Asodu Sandeep Sarma
- Diagnostics Division, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Boris Keren
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique Médicale, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), A∗STAR, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Disease, Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Laboratory of Human Genetics and Therapeutics Smart-Health Initiative, BESE, KAUST, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France; Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, ERN-ITHACA, FHU GenOMedS, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Dupé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes)-UMR 6290, Rennes, France.
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Leclerc D, Goujon L, Jaillard S, Nouyou B, Cluzeau L, Damaj L, Dubourg C, Etcheverry A, Levade T, Froissart R, Dréano S, Guillory X, Eriksson LA, Launay E, Mouriaux F, Belaud-Rotureau MA, Odent S, Gilot D. Gene Editing Corrects In Vitro a G > A GLB1 Transition from a GM1 Gangliosidosis Patient. CRISPR J 2023; 6:17-31. [PMID: 36629845 PMCID: PMC9986017 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside-monosialic acid (GM1) gangliosidosis, a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is frequently caused by deleterious single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in GLB1 gene. These variants result in reduced β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity, leading to neurodegeneration associated with premature death. Currently, no effective therapy for GM1 gangliosidosis is available. Three ongoing clinical trials aim to deliver a functional copy of the GLB1 gene to stop disease progression. In this study, we show that 41% of GLB1 pathogenic SNVs can be replaced by adenine base editors (ABEs). Our results demonstrate that ABE efficiently corrects the pathogenic allele in patient-derived fibroblasts, restoring therapeutic levels of β-gal activity. Off-target DNA analysis did not detect off-target editing activity in treated patient's cells, except a bystander edit without consequences on β-gal activity based on 3D structure bioinformatics predictions. Altogether, our results suggest that gene editing might be an alternative strategy to cure GM1 gangliosidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Goujon
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, FHU GenOMEDS, ERN ITHACA, Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET-UMR_S, 1085, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Bénédicte Nouyou
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Laurence Cluzeau
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Léna Damaj
- Department of Pediatrics, Competence Center of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Rennes Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Amandine Etcheverry
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Levade
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Toulouse, Pôle biologie, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Roseline Froissart
- CHU Lyon HCL, LBMMS-Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, UM Pathologies Héréditaires du Métabolisme et du Globule Rouge, Bron, France
| | - Stéphane Dréano
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - Xavier Guillory
- INSERM U1242, OSS, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Erika Launay
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Mouriaux
- INSERM U1242, OSS, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Belaud-Rotureau
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET-UMR_S, 1085, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- CHU Rennes, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, FHU GenOMEDS, ERN ITHACA, Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France.,Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes), UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - David Gilot
- INSERM U1242, OSS, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.,Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
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de Castro VF, Mattos D, de Carvalho FM, Cavalcanti DP, Duenas-Roque MM, Llerena J, Cosentino VR, Honjo RS, Leite JCL, Sanseverino MT, de Souza MPA, Bernardi P, Bolognese AM, Santana da Silva LC, Barbero P, Correia PS, Bueno LSM, Savastano CP, Orioli IM. New SHH and Known SIX3 Variants in a Series of Latin American Patients with Holoprosencephaly. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:219-233. [PMID: 34421500 DOI: 10.1159/000515044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the failure of the embryonic forebrain to develop into 2 hemispheres promoting midline cerebral and facial defects. The wide phenotypic variability and causal heterogeneity make genetic counseling difficult. Heterozygous variants with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in the SHH, SIX3, ZIC2, and TGIF1 genes explain ∼25% of the known causes of nonchromosomal HPE. We studied these 4 genes and clinically described 27 Latin American families presenting with nonchromosomal HPE. Three new SHH variants and a third known SIX3 likely pathogenic variant found by Sanger sequencing explained 15% of our cases. Genotype-phenotype correlation in these 4 families and published families with identical or similar driver gene, mutated domain, conservation of residue in other species, and the type of variant explain the pathogenicity but not the phenotypic variability. Nine patients, including 2 with SHH pathogenic variants, presented benign variants of the SHH, SIX3, ZIC2, and TGIF1 genes with potential alteration of splicing, a causal proposition in need of further studies. Finding more families with the same SIX3 variant may allow further identification of genetic or environmental modifiers explaining its variable phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Freitas de Castro
- ECLAMC at Departamento de Genética, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Mattos
- ECLAMC at Departamento de Genética, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Flavia Martinez de Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ECLAMC at Laboratorio Epidemiol. Malformações Congênitas, IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Milagros M Duenas-Roque
- ECLAMC at Servicio de Genética, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins/EsSalud, Lima, Peru
| | - Juan Llerena
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ECLAMC at Centro de Genética Médica, IFF/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pricila Bernardi
- Núcleo de Genética Clínica, Departamento de Clínica Médica/UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bolognese
- Departamento de Ortodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Santana da Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Erros Inatos de Metabolismo, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas/UFP, Belém, Brazil
| | - Pablo Barbero
- RENAC, Centro Nacional de Genética Médica Dr. Eduardo E. Castilla/MS, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Iêda Maria Orioli
- ECLAMC at Departamento de Genética, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Andreu-Cervera A, Catala M, Schneider-Maunoury S. Cilia, ciliopathies and hedgehog-related forebrain developmental disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 150:105236. [PMID: 33383187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the forebrain critically depends on the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, as illustrated in humans by the frequent perturbation of this pathway in holoprosencephaly, a condition defined as a defect in the formation of midline structures of the forebrain and face. The Shh pathway requires functional primary cilia, microtubule-based organelles present on virtually every cell and acting as cellular antennae to receive and transduce diverse chemical, mechanical or light signals. The dysfunction of cilia in humans leads to inherited diseases called ciliopathies, which often affect many organs and show diverse manifestations including forebrain malformations for the most severe forms. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a framework to understand the developmental origin of the forebrain defects observed in severe ciliopathies with respect to perturbations of the Shh pathway. We propose that many of these defects can be interpreted as an imbalance in the ratio of activator to repressor forms of the Gli transcription factors, which are effectors of the Shh pathway. We also discuss the complexity of ciliopathies and their relationships with forebrain disorders such as holoprosencephaly or malformations of cortical development, and emphasize the need for a closer examination of forebrain defects in ciliopathies, not only through the lens of animal models but also taking advantage of the increasing potential of the research on human tissues and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Andreu-Cervera
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7622, Institut national pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (IBPS-LBD), 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - CSIC, Campus de San Juan; Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Martin Catala
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7622, Institut national pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (IBPS-LBD), 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7622, Institut national pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (IBPS-LBD), 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
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5
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Hamdi-Rozé H, Ware M, Guyodo H, Rizzo A, Ratié L, Rupin M, Carré W, Kim A, Odent S, Dubourg C, David V, de Tayrac M, Dupé V. Disrupted Hypothalamo-Pituitary Axis in Association With Reduced SHH Underlies the Pathogenesis of NOTCH-Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5836893. [PMID: 32403133 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In human, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) haploinsufficiency is the predominant cause of holoprosencephaly, a structural malformation of the forebrain midline characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity and incomplete penetrance. The NOTCH signaling pathway has recently been associated with holoprosencephaly in humans, but the precise mechanism involving NOTCH signaling during early brain development remains unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SHH and NOTCH signaling to determine the mechanism by which NOTCH dysfunction could cause midline malformations of the forebrain. DESIGN In this study, we have used a chemical inhibition approach in the chick model and a genetic approach in the mouse model. We also reported results obtained from the clinical diagnosis of a cohort composed of 141 holoprosencephaly patients. RESULTS We demonstrated that inhibition of NOTCH signaling in chick embryos as well as in mouse embryos induced a specific downregulation of SHH in the anterior hypothalamus. Our data in the mouse also revealed that the pituitary gland was the most sensitive tissue to Shh insufficiency and that haploinsufficiency of the SHH and NOTCH signaling pathways synergized to produce a malformed pituitary gland. Analysis of a large holoprosencephaly cohort revealed that some patients possessed multiple heterozygous mutations in several regulators of both pathways. CONCLUSIONS These results provided new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the extreme phenotypic variability observed in human holoprosencephaly. They showed how haploinsufficiency of the SHH and NOTCH activity could contribute to specific congenital hypopituitarism that was associated with a sella turcica defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Hamdi-Rozé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Michelle Ware
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Guyodo
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélie Rizzo
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Leslie Ratié
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Maïlys Rupin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Wilfrid Carré
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Artem Kim
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Véronique David
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Marie de Tayrac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Dupé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR - Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR6290, Rennes, France
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6
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Gounongbé C, Marangoni M, Gouder de Beauregard V, Delaunoy M, Jissendi P, Cassart M, Désir J. Middle interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly: First prenatal report of a ZIC2 missense mutation. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:1287-1292. [PMID: 32695376 PMCID: PMC7364085 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a middle interhemispheric variant of antenatal discovery associated with a de novo missense variant (NM_007129.5: c.1109G>A p.(Cys370Tyr)) in the ZIC2 gene. Our case represents the first prenatal description of a ZIC2 missense mutation found in association with syntelencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Marangoni
- Center of Human GeneticsHôpital ErasmeUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Mélanie Delaunoy
- Center of Human GeneticsHôpital ErasmeUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Patrice Jissendi
- Department of RadiologyHôpitaux Iris Sud and CHU Saint‐PierreBrusselsBelgium
| | - Marie Cassart
- Department of Fetal MedicineCHU Saint‐PierreBrusselsBelgium
- Department of RadiologyHôpitaux Iris Sud and CHU Saint‐PierreBrusselsBelgium
| | - Julie Désir
- Center of Human GeneticsHôpital ErasmeUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
- Department of RadiologyHôpitaux Iris Sud and CHU Saint‐PierreBrusselsBelgium
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7
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Jackson TW, Bendfeldt GA, Beam KA, Rock KD, Belcher SM. Heterozygous mutation of sonic hedgehog receptor (Ptch1) drives cerebellar overgrowth and sex-specifically alters hippocampal and cortical layer structure, activity, and social behavior in female mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2020; 78:106866. [PMID: 32113901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2020.106866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling is essential for the differentiation and migration of early stem cell populations during cerebellar development. Dysregulation of SHH-signaling can result in cerebellar overgrowth and the formation of the brain tumor medulloblastoma. Treatment for medulloblastoma is extremely aggressive and patients suffer life-long side effects including behavioral deficits. Considering that other behavioral disorders including autism spectrum disorders, holoprosencephaly, and basal cell nevus syndrome are known to present with cerebellar abnormalities, it is proposed that some behavioral abnormalities could be inherent to the medulloblastoma sequalae rather than treatment. Using a haploinsufficient SHH receptor knockout mouse model (Ptch1+/-), a partner preference task was used to explore activity, social behavior and neuroanatomical changes resulting from dysregulated SHH signaling. Compared to wild-type, Ptch1+/- females displayed increased activity by traveling a greater distance in both open-field and partner preference tasks. Social behavior was also sex-specifically modified in Ptch1+/- females that interacted more with both novel and familiar animals in the partner preference task compared to same-sex wild-type controls. Haploinsufficiency of PTCH1 resulted in cerebellar overgrowth in lobules IV/V and IX of both sexes, and female-specific decreases in hippocampal size and isocortical layer thickness. Taken together, neuroanatomical changes related to deficient SHH signaling may alter social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Jackson
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NS, USA.
| | - Gabriel A Bendfeldt
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NS, USA.
| | - Kelby A Beam
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NS, USA.
| | - Kylie D Rock
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NS, USA.
| | - Scott M Belcher
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs, Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NS, USA.
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8
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Kisipan ML, Nyaga SN, Thuo JN, Nyakego PO, Orenge CO, Ojoo RO. Lobar holoprosencephaly with craniofacial defects in a Friesian calf: A case report. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:454-461. [PMID: 31972069 PMCID: PMC7397892 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Holoprosencephaly is a forebrain deformity that results from varying degrees of separation failure of cerebral hemispheres. The condition is classified based on the degree of non-separation of the hemispheres which, in turn, determines its severity. Holoprosencephaly is usually accompanied by craniofacial defects whose severity tends to reflect the extent of brain deformities. In humans, holoprosencephaly is one of the commonest congenital brain anomalies but in animals, reported cases are scarce. The condition has multifactorial aetiology that involves interactions between several genetic and environmental factors. CASE PRESENTATION A 4-day-old female Friesian calf with a deformed face was reported to the Faculty of veterinary medicine and surgery, Egerton University. The calf and the dam were sired by the same bull. On clinical and radiographic examination, the calf had a short snout that curved dorsally with bilateral cleft lip, right-sided cleft jaw and a largely absent primary palate. Anatomopathological examination revealed brain deformities which included ventral fusion of frontal lobes of cerebral hemispheres, large merged lateral ventricles without septum pellucidum and fornix, hypoplastic corpus callosum, high degree of non-separation between diencephalic structures, poorly developed hippocampal formation and hypoplastic olfactory lobe, optic chiasma, and nerve. CONCLUSION The case was confirmed as lobar holoprosencephaly based on characteristic anatomopathological findings. The aetiology of the defects in the present case could not be determined though they are thought to be either a result of recessive inheritance or exposure to teratogenic steroid alkaloids through materials fed to the dam during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosiany L Kisipan
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Samuel N Nyaga
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Jesse N Thuo
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Phillip O Nyakego
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Caleb O Orenge
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Rodi O Ojoo
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
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9
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Kim A, Savary C, Dubourg C, Carré W, Mouden C, Hamdi-Rozé H, Guyodo H, Douce JL, Pasquier L, Flori E, Gonzales M, Bénéteau C, Boute O, Attié-Bitach T, Roume J, Goujon L, Akloul L, Odent S, Watrin E, Dupé V, de Tayrac M, David V. Integrated clinical and omics approach to rare diseases: novel genes and oligogenic inheritance in holoprosencephaly. Brain 2019; 142:35-49. [PMID: 30508070 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly is a pathology of forebrain development characterized by high phenotypic heterogeneity. The disease presents with various clinical manifestations at the cerebral or facial levels. Several genes have been implicated in holoprosencephaly but its genetic basis remains unclear: different transmission patterns have been described including autosomal dominant, recessive and digenic inheritance. Conventional molecular testing approaches result in a very low diagnostic yield and most cases remain unsolved. In our study, we address the possibility that genetically unsolved cases of holoprosencephaly present an oligogenic origin and result from combined inherited mutations in several genes. Twenty-six unrelated families, for whom no genetic cause of holoprosencephaly could be identified in clinical settings [whole exome sequencing and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)-array analyses], were reanalysed under the hypothesis of oligogenic inheritance. Standard variant analysis was improved with a gene prioritization strategy based on clinical ontologies and gene co-expression networks. Clinical phenotyping and exploration of cross-species similarities were further performed on a family-by-family basis. Statistical validation was performed on 248 ancestrally similar control trios provided by the Genome of the Netherlands project and on 574 ancestrally matched controls provided by the French Exome Project. Variants of clinical interest were identified in 180 genes significantly associated with key pathways of forebrain development including sonic hedgehog (SHH) and primary cilia. Oligogenic events were observed in 10 families and involved both known and novel holoprosencephaly genes including recurrently mutated FAT1, NDST1, COL2A1 and SCUBE2. The incidence of oligogenic combinations was significantly higher in holoprosencephaly patients compared to two control populations (P < 10-9). We also show that depending on the affected genes, patients present with particular clinical features. This study reports novel disease genes and supports oligogenicity as clinically relevant model in holoprosencephaly. It also highlights key roles of SHH signalling and primary cilia in forebrain development. We hypothesize that distinction between different clinical manifestations of holoprosencephaly lies in the degree of overall functional impact on SHH signalling. Finally, we underline that integrating clinical phenotyping in genetic studies is a powerful tool to specify the clinical relevance of certain mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kim
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Clara Savary
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France.,Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Wilfrid Carré
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Charlotte Mouden
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Houda Hamdi-Rozé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France.,Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Guyodo
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jerome Le Douce
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Flori
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique, Cytologie et Histologie Quantitative, Hôpital de Hautepierre, HUS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Gonzales
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université Paris Descartes, 149, rue de Sèvres, Paris, France
| | - Joelle Roume
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Centre de Référence “AnDDI Rares”, Poissy Hospital GHU PIFO, Poissy, France
| | | | - Linda Akloul
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Erwan Watrin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Dupé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie de Tayrac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France.,Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Véronique David
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France.,Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
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10
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Richieri-Costa A, Zechi-Ceide RM, Candido-Souza RM, Monteiro RAC, Tonello C, de Freitas ML, Kokitsu-Nakata NM, Vendramini-Pittoli S, Mazzeu JF, Overes M, Ali-Amin R, van Slegtenhorst M, Hoefsloot LH, Jehee FS. Holoprosencephaly, orofacial cleft, and frontonaso-orbital encephaloceles: Genetic evaluation of a possible new syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2170-2177. [PMID: 31353810 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on a Brazilian child who presented semilobar holoprosencephaly, frontonasal encephaloceles and bilateral cleft lip and palate. Malformations also included agenesis of the corpus callosum, abnormal cortical gyres, dilation of the aqueduct, bilateral endolymphatic sac, bilateral cystic cocci-vestibular malformation, and a cribriform defect. The 3D TC craniofacial images showed abnormal frontonasal transition region, with a bone bifurcation, and partial agenesis of nasal bone. The trunk and upper and lower limbs were normal. To our knowledge, this rare association of holoprocensephaly with frontonaso-orbital encephaloceles without limb anomalies has never been reported before. Karyotype was normal. SNP-array showed no copy-number alterations but revealed 25% of regions of homozygosity (ROH) with normal copy number, indicating a high coefficient of inbreeding, which significantly increases the risk for an autosomal recessive disorder. Whole exome sequencing analysis did not reveal any pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. We discuss the possible influence of two variants of uncertain significance found within the patient's ROHs. First, a missense p.(Gly394Ser) in PCSK9, a gene involved in the regulation of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Second, an inframe duplication p.(Ala75_Ala81dup) in SP8, a zinc-finger transcription factor that regulates signaling centers during craniofacial development. Further studies and/or the identification of other patients with a similar phenotype will help elucidate the genetic etiology of this complex case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Richieri-Costa
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roseli M Zechi-Ceide
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana M Candido-Souza
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane A C Monteiro
- Institute of Education and Research, Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Tonello
- Craniofacial Team Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana L de Freitas
- Institute of Education and Research, Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nancy M Kokitsu-Nakata
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Siulan Vendramini-Pittoli
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRCA), University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Mazzeu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Madelief Overes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, CN, The Netherlands
| | - Roza Ali-Amin
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, CN, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lies H Hoefsloot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, CN, The Netherlands
| | - Fernanda S Jehee
- Institute of Education and Research, Santa Casa Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, CN, The Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
Directly assessing the pathogenicity of variant combinations in multiple genes was until now difficult. Nonetheless, this type of assessment can provide important benefits in identifying the genetic causes of rare diseases. The work presented in this paper aims to resolve this problem by presenting a machine-learning method able to predict the pathogenicity of variant combinations in gene pairs, based on pathogenic data. We demonstrate the high accuracy of this method and its effective capacity to identify novel instances. The method’s decision-making process is also made explicit, a contribution that is useful for clinical interpretation. This pioneering work will lead to toolboxes for geneticists and clinicians that can aid them in counselling their patients more effectively. Notwithstanding important advances in the context of single-variant pathogenicity identification, novel breakthroughs in discerning the origins of many rare diseases require methods able to identify more complex genetic models. We present here the Variant Combinations Pathogenicity Predictor (VarCoPP), a machine-learning approach that identifies pathogenic variant combinations in gene pairs (called digenic or bilocus variant combinations). We show that the results produced by this method are highly accurate and precise, an efficacy that is endorsed when validating the method on recently published independent disease-causing data. Confidence labels of 95% and 99% are identified, representing the probability of a bilocus combination being a true pathogenic result, providing geneticists with rational markers to evaluate the most relevant pathogenic combinations and limit the search space and time. Finally, the VarCoPP has been designed to act as an interpretable method that can provide explanations on why a bilocus combination is predicted as pathogenic and which biological information is important for that prediction. This work provides an important step toward the genetic understanding of rare diseases, paving the way to clinical knowledge and improved patient care.
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12
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Hall ET, Cleverdon ER, Ogden SK. Dispatching Sonic Hedgehog: Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Deployment. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:385-395. [PMID: 30852081 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) family of morphogens direct cell fate decisions during embryogenesis and signal to maintain tissue homeostasis after birth. Hh ligands harbor dual lipid modifications that anchor the proteins into producing cell membranes, effectively preventing ligand release. The transporter-like protein Dispatched (Disp) functions to release these membrane tethers and mobilize Hh ligands to travel toward distant cellular targets. The molecular mechanisms by which Disp achieves Hh deployment are not yet fully understood, but a number of recent publications provide insight into the complex process of Hh release. Herein we review this literature, integrate key discoveries, and discuss some of the open questions that will drive future studies aimed at understanding Disp-mediated Hh ligand deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Cleverdon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS 340, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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13
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Targeted panel sequencing establishes the implication of planar cell polarity pathway and involves new candidate genes in neural tube defect disorders. Hum Genet 2019; 138:363-374. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-01993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Xiong J, Xiang B, Chen X, Cai T. Case report: a novel mutation in ZIC2 in an infant with microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, and arachnoid cyst. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14780. [PMID: 30855487 PMCID: PMC6417543 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a severe congenital brain malformation resulting from failed or incomplete forebrain division in early pregnancy. PATIENT CONCERNS In this study, we reported a 9-month old infant girl with mild microcephaly, semilobor HPE, and arachnoid cyst. DIAGNOSES Potential genetic defects were screened directly using trio-case whole exome sequencing (WES) rather than traditional karyotype, microarray, and Sanger sequencing of select genes. OUTCOMES A previous unpublished de novo missense mutation (c.1069C >G, p.H357D) in the 3rd zinc finger domain (ZFD3) of the ZIC2 gene was identified in the affected individual, but not in the parents. Sanger sequencing using specific primers verified the mutation. Extensive bioinformatics analysis confirmed the pathogenicity of this extremely rare mutation. Phenotype-genotype analysis revealed significant correlation between the 3rd zinc-finger domain with semilobor HPE. LESSONS These findings expanded the spectrum of the ZIC2 gene mutations and associated clinical manifestations, which is the first identification of a mutated ZIC2 gene in a Han infant girl with mild microcephaly, semilobor HPE, and arachnoid cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Xiong
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi
- Experimental Medicine Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bingwu Xiang
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Cai
- Experimental Medicine Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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15
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The Ciliopathy Gene Ftm/Rpgrip1l Controls Mouse Forebrain Patterning via Region-Specific Modulation of Hedgehog/Gli Signaling. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2398-2415. [PMID: 30692221 PMCID: PMC6435827 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2199-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are essential for CNS development. In the mouse, they play a critical role in patterning the spinal cord and telencephalon via the regulation of Hedgehog/Gli signaling. However, despite the frequent disruption of this signaling pathway in human forebrain malformations, the role of primary cilia in forebrain morphogenesis has been little investigated outside the telencephalon. Here we studied development of the diencephalon, hypothalamus and eyes in mutant mice in which the Ftm/Rpgrip1l ciliopathy gene is disrupted. At the end of gestation, Ftm−/− fetuses displayed anophthalmia, a reduction of the ventral hypothalamus and a disorganization of diencephalic nuclei and axonal tracts. In Ftm−/− embryos, we found that the ventral forebrain structures and the rostral thalamus were missing. Optic vesicles formed but lacked the optic cups. In Ftm−/− embryos, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression was virtually lost in the ventral forebrain but maintained in the zona limitans intrathalamica (ZLI), the mid-diencephalic organizer. Gli activity was severely downregulated but not lost in the ventral forebrain and in regions adjacent to the Shh-expressing ZLI. Reintroduction of the repressor form of Gli3 into the Ftm−/− background restored optic cup formation. Our data thus uncover a complex role of cilia in development of the diencephalon, hypothalamus and eyes via the region-specific control of the ratio of activator and repressor forms of the Gli transcription factors. They call for a closer examination of forebrain defects in severe ciliopathies and for a search for ciliopathy genes as modifiers in other human conditions with forebrain defects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is essential for proper forebrain development as illustrated by a human condition called holoprosencephaly. The Hh pathway relies on primary cilia, cellular organelles that receive and transduce extracellular signals and whose dysfunctions lead to rare inherited diseases called ciliopathies. To date, the role of cilia in the forebrain has been poorly studied outside the telencephalon. In this paper we study the role of the Ftm/Rpgrip1l ciliopathy gene in mouse forebrain development. We uncover complex functions of primary cilia in forebrain morphogenesis through region-specific modulation of the Hh pathway. Our data call for further examination of forebrain defects in ciliopathies and for a search for ciliopathy genes as modifiers in human conditions affecting forebrain development.
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16
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Lehalle D, Altunoglu U, Bruel AL, Assoum M, Duffourd Y, Masurel A, Baujat G, Bessieres B, Captier G, Edery P, Elçioğlu NH, Geneviève D, Goldenberg A, Héron D, Grotto S, Marlin S, Putoux A, Rossi M, Saugier-Veber P, Triau S, Cabrol C, Vézain M, Vincent-Delorme C, Thauvin-Robinet C, Thevenon J, Vabres P, Callier P, Kayserili H, Faivre L. The oculoauriculofrontonasal syndrome: Further clinical characterization and additional evidence suggesting a nontraditional mode of inheritance. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2740-2750. [PMID: 30548201 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The oculoauriculofrontonasal syndrome (OAFNS) is a rare disorder characterized by the association of frontonasal dysplasia (widely spaced eyes, facial cleft, and nose abnormalities) and oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS)-associated features, such as preauricular ear tags, ear dysplasia, mandibular asymmetry, epibulbar dermoids, eyelid coloboma, and costovertebral anomalies. The etiology is unknown so far. This work aimed to identify molecular bases for the OAFNS. Among a cohort of 130 patients with frontonasal dysplasia, accurate phenotyping identified 18 individuals with OAFNS. We describe their clinical spectrum, including the report of new features (micro/anophtalmia, cataract, thyroid agenesis, polymicrogyria, olfactory bulb hypoplasia, and mandibular cleft), and emphasize the high frequency of nasal polyps in OAFNS (56%). We report the negative results of ALX1, ALX3, and ALX4 genes sequencing and next-generation sequencing strategy performed on blood-derived DNA from respectively, four and four individuals. Exome sequencing was performed in four individuals, genome sequencing in one patient with negative exome sequencing result. Based on the data from this series and the literature, diverse hypotheses can be raised regarding the etiology of OAFNS: mosaic mutation, epigenetic anomaly, oligogenism, or nongenetic cause. In conclusion, this series represents further clinical delineation work of the rare OAFNS, and paves the way toward the identification of the causing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Lehalle
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France.,Equipe GAD, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Unité fonctionnelle de Génétique Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Dijon, France
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- Equipe GAD, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mirna Assoum
- Equipe GAD, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- Equipe GAD, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alice Masurel
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Geneviève Baujat
- Service de Génétique, INSERM U781, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut Imagine, University Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bettina Bessieres
- Unite d'embryofoetopathologie, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Captier
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et plastique pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Edery
- Service de génétique et Centre de Référence des Anomalies du développement de la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR 5292, UCB Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Nursel H Elçioğlu
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.,Eastern Mediterranean University Medical School, Mersin, Turkey
| | - David Geneviève
- Genetic Department for Rare Disease and Personalised Medicine, Clinical Division, Montpellier University, Inserm U1183, Montpellier, France.,Centre de référence des anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs, Sud-Ouest Occitanie, France
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence "déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares", Paris, France.,Groupe de Recherche Clinique (GRC) "déficience intellectuelle et autisme" UPMC, Paris, France.,INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Grotto
- Department of Genetics, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Service de Génétique, INSERM U781, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Institut Imagine, University Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Service de génétique et Centre de Référence des Anomalies du développement de la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR 5292, UCB Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Service de génétique et Centre de Référence des Anomalies du développement de la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, CHU de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR 5292, UCB Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascale Saugier-Veber
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Myriam Vézain
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France.,Equipe GAD, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France.,Equipe GAD, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Vabres
- Equipe GAD, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Service de Dermatologie, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Callier
- Equipe GAD, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Hulya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University School of Medicine (KUSoM) Medical Genetics Department, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Interrégion Est, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon, Dijon, France.,Equipe GAD, INSERM LNC UMR 1231, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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17
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Cavodeassi F, Creuzet S, Etchevers HC. The hedgehog pathway and ocular developmental anomalies. Hum Genet 2018; 138:917-936. [PMID: 30073412 PMCID: PMC6710239 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1918-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in effectors of the hedgehog signaling pathway are responsible for a wide variety of ocular developmental anomalies. These range from massive malformations of the brain and ocular primordia, not always compatible with postnatal life, to subtle but damaging functional effects on specific eye components. This review will concentrate on the effects and effectors of the major vertebrate hedgehog ligand for eye and brain formation, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), in tissues that constitute the eye directly and also in those tissues that exert indirect influence on eye formation. After a brief overview of human eye development, the many roles of the SHH signaling pathway during both early and later morphogenetic processes in the brain and then eye and periocular primordia will be evoked. Some of the unique molecular biology of this pathway in vertebrates, particularly ciliary signal transduction, will also be broached within this developmental cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cavodeassi
- Institute for Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George´s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Sophie Creuzet
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (Neuro-PSI), UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Heather C Etchevers
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG), INSERM, Faculté de Médecine, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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18
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Roessler E, Hu P, Marino J, Hong S, Hart R, Berger S, Martinez A, Abe Y, Kruszka P, Thomas JW, Mullikin JC, Wang Y, Wong WSW, Niederhuber JE, Solomon BD, Richieri-Costa A, Ribeiro-Bicudo LA, Muenke M. Common genetic causes of holoprosencephaly are limited to a small set of evolutionarily conserved driver genes of midline development coordinated by TGF-β, hedgehog, and FGF signaling. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:1416-1427. [PMID: 29992659 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we applied targeted capture to examine 153 genes representative of all the major vertebrate developmental pathways among 333 probands to rank their relative significance as causes for holoprosencephaly (HPE). We now show that comparisons of variant transmission versus nontransmission among 136 HPE Trios indicates some reported genes now lack confirmation, while novel genes are implicated. Furthermore, we demonstrate that variation of modest intrinsic effect can synergize with these driver mutations as gene modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Roessler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Sungkook Hong
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel Hart
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth Berger
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ariel Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yu Abe
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James W Thomas
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, NISC, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James C Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, NISC, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | -
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Wendy S W Wong
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - John E Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Benjamin D Solomon
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Falls Church, Virginia.,Presently the Managing Director, GeneDx, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Antônio Richieri-Costa
- Hospital for the Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L A Ribeiro-Bicudo
- Institute of Bioscience, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Goias, Goias, Brazil
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Hinreiner S, Wieczorek D, Mueller D, Roedl T, Thiel G, Grasshoff U, Chaoui R, Hehr U. Further evidence for complex inheritance of holoprosencephaly: Lessons learned from pre- and postnatal diagnostic testing in Germany. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 178:198-205. [PMID: 30182445 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) has been defined as a distinct clinical entity with characteristic facial gestalt, which may-or may not-be associated with the true brain malformation observed postmortem in autopsy or in pre- or postnatal imaging. Affected families mainly show autosomal dominant inheritance with markedly reduced penetrance and extremely broad clinical variability even between mutation carriers within the same families. We here present advances in prenatal imaging over the last years, increasing the proportion of individuals with HPE identified prenatally including milder HPE forms and more frequently allowing to detect more severe forms already in early gestation. We report the results of diagnostic genetic testing of 344 unrelated patients for HPE at our lab in Germany since the year 2000, which currently with the application of next generation sequencing (NGS) panel sequencing identifies causal mutations for about 31% (12/38) of unrelated individuals with normal chromosomes when compared to about 15% (46/306) using conventional Sanger sequencing and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). More comprehensive genetic testing by our in house NGS panel sequencing of 10 HPE associated genes (MiSeq™ and NextSeq™500, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA) not only allowed to include genes with smaller contribution to the phenotype, but may also unravel additional low frequency or more common genetic variants potentially contributing to the observed large intrafamiliar variability and may ultimately guide our understanding of the individual clinical manifestation of this complex developmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Human Genetics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Dietmar Mueller
- Department of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tanja Roedl
- Center for Human Genetics Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gundula Thiel
- Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Grasshoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rabih Chaoui
- Center for Prenatal Diagnosis and Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Hehr
- Center for Human Genetics Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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20
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Dubourg C, Kim A, Watrin E, de Tayrac M, Odent S, David V, Dupé V. Recent advances in understanding inheritance of holoprosencephaly. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 178:258-269. [PMID: 29785796 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a complex genetic disorder of the developing forebrain characterized by high phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. HPE was initially defined as an autosomal dominant disease, but recent research has shown that its mode of transmission is more complex. The past decade has witnessed rapid development of novel genetic technologies and significant progresses in clinical studies of HPE. In this review, we recapitulate genetic epidemiological studies of the largest European HPE cohort and summarize the novel genetic discoveries of HPE based on recently developed diagnostic methods. Our main purpose is to present different inheritance patterns that exist for HPE with a particular emphasis on oligogenic inheritance and its implications in genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christèle Dubourg
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F - 35000, Rennes, France.,Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Artem Kim
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F - 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Erwan Watrin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F - 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Marie de Tayrac
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F - 35000, Rennes, France.,Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F - 35000, Rennes, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Véronique David
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F - 35000, Rennes, France.,Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Dupé
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F - 35000, Rennes, France
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21
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Roessler E, Hu P, Muenke M. Holoprosencephaly in the genomics era. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2018; 178:165-174. [PMID: 29770992 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is the direct consequence of specific genetic and/or environmental insults interrupting the midline specification of the nascent forebrain. Such disturbances can lead to a broad range of phenotypic consequences for the brain and face in humans. This malformation sequence is remarkably common in utero (1 in 250 human fetuses), but 97% typically do not survive to birth. The precise molecular pathogenesis of HPE in these early human embryos remains largely unknown. Here, we outline our current understanding of the principal driving factors leading to HPE pathologies and elaborate our multifactorial integrated genomics approach. Overall, our understanding of the pathogenesis continues to become simpler, rather than more complicated. Genomic technologies now provide unprecedented insight into disease-associated variation, including the overall extent of genetic interactions (coding and noncoding) predicted to explain divergent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Roessler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human, Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human, Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human, Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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22
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Bruel AL, Thevenon J, Huet F, Jean-Marcais N, Odent S, Dubourg C, Lehalle D, Tran Mau-Them F, Philippe C, Moutton S, Houcinat N, Gay S, Guibaud L, Duffourd Y, Rivière JB, Faivre L, Thauvin-Robinet C. Unexpected diagnosis of a SHH nonsense variant causing a variable phenotype ranging from familial coloboma and Intellectual disability to isolated microcephaly. Clin Genet 2018; 94:182-184. [PMID: 29498412 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A-L Bruel
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - J Thevenon
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Inter-région Est, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - F Huet
- Service Pédiatrie, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - N Jean-Marcais
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Inter-région Est, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - S Odent
- Service Génétique Clinique, CHU, Rennes, France.,CNRS UMR6290, IGDR, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - C Dubourg
- CNRS UMR6290, IGDR, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Service Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - D Lehalle
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Inter-région Est, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - F Tran Mau-Them
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - C Philippe
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - S Moutton
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Inter-région Est, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - N Houcinat
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Inter-région Est, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - S Gay
- Service Pédiatrie, CH, Chalon-sur Saône, France
| | - L Guibaud
- Service Radiologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Y Duffourd
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - J-B Rivière
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - L Faivre
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Inter-région Est, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - C Thauvin-Robinet
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Médecine Translationnelle et Anomalies du Développement (TRANSLAD), CHU, Dijon, France.,UMR 1231 GAD, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, UBFC, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Inter-région Est, CHU, Dijon, France
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23
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Zwaveling-Soonawala N, Alders M, Jongejan A, Kovacic L, Duijkers FA, Maas SM, Fliers E, van Trotsenburg ASP, Hennekam RC. Clues for Polygenic Inheritance of Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome From Exome Sequencing in 20 Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:415-428. [PMID: 29165578 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) consists of a small/absent anterior pituitary lobe, an interrupted/absent pituitary stalk, and an ectopic posterior pituitary lobe. Mendelian forms of PSIS are detected infrequently (<5%), and a polygenic etiology has been suggested. GLI2 variants have been reported at a relatively high frequency in PSIS. OBJECTIVE To provide further evidence for a non-Mendelian, polygenic etiology of PSIS. METHODS Exome sequencing (trio approach) in 20 patients with isolated PSIS. In addition to searching for (potentially) pathogenic de novo and biallelic variants, a targeted search was performed in a panel of genes associated with midline brain development (223 genes). For GLI2 variants, both (potentially) pathogenic and relatively rare variants (<5% in the general population) were studied. The frequency of GLI2 variants was compared with that of a reference population. RESULTS We found four additional candidate genes for isolated PSIS (DCHS1, ROBO2, CCDC88C, and KIF14) and one for syndromic PSIS (KAT6A). Eleven GLI2 variants were present in six patients. A higher frequency of a combination of two GLI2 variants (M1352V + D1520N) was found in the study group compared with a reference population (10% vs 0.68%). (Potentially) pathogenic variants were identified in genes associated with midline brain anomalies, including holoprosencephaly, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and absent corpus callosum and in genes involved in ciliopathies. CONCLUSION Combinations of variants in genes associated with midline brain anomalies are frequently present in PSIS and sustain the hypothesis of a polygenic cause of PSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitash Zwaveling-Soonawala
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lidija Kovacic
- Novartis Ireland Ltd, Beech Hill Office Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Floor A Duijkers
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A S Paul van Trotsenburg
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Abstract
The ZIC2 transcription factor is one of the most commonly mutated genes in Holoprosencephaly (HPE) probands. HPE is a severe congenital defect of forebrain development which occurs when the cerebral hemispheres fail to separate during the early stages of organogenesis and is typically associated with mispatterning of the embryonic midline. Recent study of genotype-phenotype correlations in HPE cases has defined distinctive features of ZIC2-associated HPE presentation and genetics, revealing that ZIC2 mutation does not produce the craniofacial abnormalities generally thought to characterise HPE but leads to a range of non-forebrain phenotypes. Furthermore, the studies confirm the extent of ZIC2 allelic heterogeneity and that pathogenic variants of ZIC2 are associated with both classic and middle interhemispheric variant (MIHV) HPE which arise from defective ventral and dorsal forebrain patterning, respectively. An allelic series of mouse mutants has helped to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which one gene leads to defects in these related but distinct embryological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S Barratt
- Early Mammalian Development Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ruth M Arkell
- Early Mammalian Development Laboratory, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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25
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Dupé V, Dubourg C, de Tayrac M, David V. [From cyclops to reality: a fresh look at the genetics of holoprosencephaly]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:924-926. [PMID: 29200384 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173311003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Dupé
- UMR 6290 CNRS, institut de génétique et développement de Rennes, université de Rennes1, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- UMR 6290 CNRS, institut de génétique et développement de Rennes, université de Rennes1, France - Service de génétique moléculaire et génomique, CHU Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Marie de Tayrac
- UMR 6290 CNRS, institut de génétique et développement de Rennes, université de Rennes1, France - Service de génétique moléculaire et génomique, CHU Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Véronique David
- UMR 6290 CNRS, institut de génétique et développement de Rennes, université de Rennes1, France - Service de génétique moléculaire et génomique, CHU Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033 Rennes, France
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Pinto AM, Ariani F, Bianciardi L, Daga S, Renieri A. Exploiting the potential of next-generation sequencing in genomic medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 16:1037-47. [PMID: 27574853 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2016.1224181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The review highlights the impact of next-generation sequencing (NGS) on genomic medicine and the consequences of the progression from a single-gene panel technology to a whole exome sequencing approach. AREAS COVERED We brought together literature-based evidences, personal unpublished data and clinical experience to provide a critical overview of the impact of NGS on our daily clinical practice. Expert commentary: NGS has changed the role of clinical geneticist and has broadened the view accomplishing a transition from a monogenic Mendelian perspective to an oligogenic approach to disorders. Thus, it is a compelling new expertise which combines clinical evaluation with big omics data interpretation and moves forward to phenotype re-evaluation in light of data analysis. We introduced the term, 'exotyping', to highlight this holistic approach. Further, the review discusses the impact that the combination of genetic reprogramming and transcriptome analysis will have on the discovery of evidence-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Pinto
- a Medical Genetics , University of Siena , Siena , Italy.,b Genetica Medica , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese , Siena , Italy
| | - Francesca Ariani
- a Medical Genetics , University of Siena , Siena , Italy.,b Genetica Medica , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese , Siena , Italy
| | | | - Sergio Daga
- a Medical Genetics , University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- a Medical Genetics , University of Siena , Siena , Italy.,b Genetica Medica , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese , Siena , Italy
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27
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Hong M, Srivastava K, Kim S, Allen BL, Leahy DJ, Hu P, Roessler E, Krauss RS, Muenke M. BOC is a modifier gene in holoprosencephaly. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1464-1470. [PMID: 28677295 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Holoprosencephaly (HPE), a common developmental defect of the forebrain and midface, has a complex etiology. Heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway are associated with HPE. However, mutation carriers display highly variable clinical presentation, leading to an "autosomal dominant with modifier" model, in which the penetrance and expressivity of a predisposing mutation is graded by genetic or environmental modifiers. Such modifiers have not been identified. Boc encodes a SHH coreceptor and is a silent HPE modifier gene in mice. Here, we report the identification of missense BOC variants in HPE patients. Consistent with these alleles functioning as HPE modifiers, individual variant BOC proteins had either loss- or gain-of-function properties in cell-based SHH signaling assays. Therefore, in addition to heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in specific SHH pathway genes and an ill-defined environmental component, our findings identify a third variable in HPE: low-frequency modifier genes, BOC being the first identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingi Hong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kshitij Srivastava
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin L Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel J Leahy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erich Roessler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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28
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Weiss K, Kruszka P, Guillen Sacoto MJ, Addissie YA, Hadley DW, Hadsall CK, Stokes B, Hu P, Roessler E, Solomon B, Wiggs E, Thurm A, Hufnagel RB, Zein WM, Hahn JS, Stashinko E, Levey E, Baldwin D, Clegg NJ, Delgado MR, Muenke M. In-depth investigations of adolescents and adults with holoprosencephaly identify unique characteristics. Genet Med 2017. [PMID: 28640243 PMCID: PMC5763157 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose With improved medical care, some individuals with holoprosencephaly (HPE) are surviving into adulthood. We investigated the clinical manifestations of adolescents and adults with HPE and explored the underlying molecular causes. Methods Participants included 20 subjects 15 years of age and older. Clinical assessments included dysmorphology exams, cognitive testing, swallowing studies, ophthalmic examination, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Genetic testing included chromosomal microarray, Sanger sequencing for SHH, ZIC2, SIX3, and TGIF, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 10 trios. Results Semilobar HPE was the most common subtype of HPE, seen in 50% of the participants. Neurodevelopmental disabilities were found to correlate with HPE subtype. Factors associated with long-term survival included HPE subtype not alobar, female gender, and nontypical facial features. Four participants had de novo pathogenic variants in ZIC2. WES analysis of 11 participants did not reveal plausible candidate genes, suggesting complex inheritance in these cases. Indeed, in two probands there was a history of uncontrolled maternal type 1 diabetes. Conclusion Individuals with various HPE subtypes can survive into adulthood and the neurodevelopmental outcomes are variable. Based on the facial characteristics and molecular evaluations, we suggest that classic genetic causes of HPE may play a smaller role in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Weiss
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria J Guillen Sacoto
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yonit A Addissie
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald W Hadley
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Casey K Hadsall
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bethany Stokes
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Erich Roessler
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth Solomon
- Speech and Language Pathology Section, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edythe Wiggs
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Pediatrics and Developmental Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert B Hufnagel
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wadih M Zein
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin S Hahn
- Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Elaine Stashinko
- Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric Levey
- Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debbie Baldwin
- Department of Neurology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy J Clegg
- Department of Neurology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mauricio R Delgado
- Department of Neurology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Dubourg C, Carré W, Hamdi-Rozé H, Mouden C, Roume J, Abdelmajid B, Amram D, Baumann C, Chassaing N, Coubes C, Faivre-Olivier L, Ginglinger E, Gonzales M, Levy-Mozziconacci A, Lynch SA, Naudion S, Pasquier L, Poidvin A, Prieur F, Sarda P, Toutain A, Dupé V, Akloul L, Odent S, de Tayrac M, David V. Mutational Spectrum in Holoprosencephaly Shows That FGF is a New Major Signaling Pathway. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1329-1339. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christèle Dubourg
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique; CHU; Rennes France
- UMR6290 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; Rennes France
| | - Wilfrid Carré
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique; CHU; Rennes France
- UMR6290 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; Rennes France
| | - Houda Hamdi-Rozé
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique; CHU; Rennes France
- UMR6290 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; Rennes France
| | - Charlotte Mouden
- UMR6290 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; Rennes France
| | - Joëlle Roume
- Service de Génétique Médicale; CHI; Poissy France
| | | | - Daniel Amram
- Unité de Génétique Clinique; CHI; Créteil France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marie Gonzales
- Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales; Hôpital Armand Trousseau; Paris France
| | | | - Sally-Ann Lynch
- Medical Genetics; Our Lady's Children Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | | | | | - Amélie Poidvin
- Service d'Endocrinologie; CHU Robert Debré; Paris France
| | | | - Pierre Sarda
- Département de Génétique Médicale; CHU; Montpellier France
| | | | - Valérie Dupé
- UMR6290 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; Rennes France
| | - Linda Akloul
- Service de Génétique Clinique; CHU; Rennes France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- UMR6290 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; Rennes France
- Service de Génétique Clinique; CHU; Rennes France
| | - Marie de Tayrac
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique; CHU; Rennes France
- UMR6290 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; Rennes France
| | - Véronique David
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique; CHU; Rennes France
- UMR6290 Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes; Université de Rennes 1; Rennes France
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