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Gibellato E, Cianci P, Mariani M, Parma B, Huisman S, Śmigiel R, Bisgaard AM, Massa V, Gervasini C, Moretti A, Cattoni A, Biondi A, Selicorni A. SMC1A epilepsy syndrome: clinical data from a large international cohort. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63577. [PMID: 38421079 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
SMC1A epilepsy syndrome or developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-85 with or without midline brain defects (DEE85, OMIM #301044) is an X-linked neurologic disorder associated with mutations of the SMC1A gene, which is also responsible for about 5% of patients affected by Cornelia de Lange syndrome spectrum (CdLS). Only described in female patients, SMC1A epilepsy syndrome is characterized by the onset of severe refractory epileptic seizures in the first year of life, global developmental delay, a variable degree of intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial features not typical of CdLS. This was a descriptive observational study for the largest international cohort with this specific disorder. The main goal of this study was to improve the knowledge of the natural history of this phenotype with particular attention to the psychomotor development and the epilepsy data. The analyzed cohort shows normal prenatal growth with the subsequent development of postnatal microcephaly. The incidence of neonatal problems (seizures and respiratory compromise) is considerable (51.4%). There is a significant prevalence of central nervous system (20%) and cardiovascular malformations (20%). Motor skills are generally delayed. The presence of drug-resistant epilepsy is confirmed; the therapeutic role of a ketogenic diet is still uncertain. The significant regression of previously acquired skills following the onset of seizures has been observed. Facial dysmorphisms are variable and no patient shows a classic CdLS phenotype. To sum up, SMC1A variants caused drug-resistant epilepsy in these patients, more than two-thirds of whom were shown to progress to developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. The SMC1A gene variants are all different from each other (apart from a couple of monozygotic twins), demonstrating the absence of a mutational hotspot in the SMC1A gene. Owing to the absence of phenotypic specificity, whole-exome sequencing is currently the diagnostic gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gibellato
- Pediatric Department, "Mariani" Center for Fragile Child, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Paola Cianci
- Pediatric Department, "Mariani" Center for Fragile Child, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Milena Mariani
- Pediatric Department, "Mariani" Center for Fragile Child, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Barbara Parma
- Pediatric Department, "Mariani" Center for Fragile Child, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Sylvia Huisman
- Pediatric Department, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Śmigiel
- Pediatric Department, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anne-Marie Bisgaard
- Pediatric Department and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alex Moretti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cattoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Pediatric Department, "Mariani" Center for Fragile Child, ASST Lariana, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
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Badura-Stronka M, Wołyńska K, Winczewska-Wiktor A, Marcinkowska J, Karolewska D, Tomkowiak-Kędzia D, Piechota M, Przyborska M, Kochalska N, Steinborn B. Validation of targeted next-generation sequencing panels in a cohort of Polish patients with epilepsy: assessing variable performance across clinical endophenotypes and uncovering novel genetic variants. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1316933. [PMID: 38328757 PMCID: PMC10849089 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1316933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Panels (TNGSP) have become a standard in global clinical practice. Instead of questioning the necessity of next-generation sequencing in epilepsy patients, contemporary large-scale research focuses on factors such as the size of TNGSP, the comparative advantages of exome or genome-wide sequencing over TNGSP, and the impact of clinical, electrophysiological, and demographic variables on genetic test performance. This study aims to elucidate the demographic and clinical factors influencing the performance of TNGSP in 138 Polish patients with epilepsy, recognizing the pivotal role of genetic testing in guiding patient management and therapy. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients from a genetic clinic in Poznań, Poland, who underwent commercial gene panel studies at Invitae Corporation (USA) between 2020 and 2022. Patient groups were defined based on the age of onset of the first epileptic seizures, seizure type, gender, fever dependence of seizures, presence of intellectual disability or developmental delay, abnormalities in MRI, and the presence of dysmorphic features or congenital malformations. Seizure classification followed the 2017 ILAE criteria. Results Among the 138 patients, 30 (21.7%) exhibited a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant, with a distribution of 20.7% in males and 22.5% in females. Diagnostic performance correlated with the patient's age at the onset of the first seizure and the type of seizure. Predominant variants were identified in the SCN1A, PRRT2, CDKL5, DEPDC5, TSC2, and SLC2A1 genes. Additionally, 12 genes (CACNA1A, SCN2A, GRIN2A, KCNQ2, CHD2, DYNC1H1, NEXMIF, SCN1B, DDX3X, EEF1A2, NPRL3, UBE3A) exhibited single instances of damage. Notably, novel variants were discovered in DEPDC5, SCN1A, TSC2, CDKL5, NPRL3, DYNC1H1, CHD2, and DDX3X. Discussion Identified variants were present in genes previously recognized in both European and non-European populations. A thorough examination of Variants of Uncertain Significance (VUSs), specifically focusing on gene copy number changes, may unveil more extensive chromosomal aberrations. The relatively frequent occurrence of pathological variants in X chromosome-linked genes in girls warrants further investigation, challenging the prevailing notion of male predominance in X-linked epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Badura-Stronka
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wołyńska
- Chair and Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Winczewska-Wiktor
- Chair and Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Marcinkowska
- Chair and Department of Informatics and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Steinborn
- Chair and Department of Developmental Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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MacPherson RA, Shankar V, Anholt RRH, Mackay TFC. Genetic and genomic analyses of Drosophila melanogaster models of chromatin modification disorders. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad061. [PMID: 37036413 PMCID: PMC10411607 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF)-related intellectual disability disorders (SSRIDDs) and Cornelia de Lange syndrome are rare syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping clinical phenotypes. SSRIDDs are associated with the BAF (Brahma-Related Gene-1 associated factor) complex, whereas CdLS is a disorder of chromatin modification associated with the cohesin complex. Here, we used RNA interference in Drosophila melanogaster to reduce the expression of six genes (brm, osa, Snr1, SMC1, SMC3, vtd) orthologous to human genes associated with SSRIDDs and CdLS. These fly models exhibit changes in sleep, activity, startle behavior (a proxy for sensorimotor integration), and brain morphology. Whole genome RNA sequencing identified 9,657 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05), 156 of which are differentially expressed in both sexes in SSRIDD- and CdLS-specific analyses, including Bap60, which is orthologous to SMARCD1, an SSRIDD-associated BAF component. k-means clustering reveals genes co-regulated within and across SSRIDD and CdLS fly models. RNAi-mediated reduction of expression of six genes co-regulated with focal genes brm, osa, and/or Snr1 recapitulated changes in the behavior of the focal genes. Based on the assumption that fundamental biological processes are evolutionarily conserved, Drosophila models can be used to understand underlying molecular effects of variants in chromatin-modification pathways and may aid in the discovery of drugs that ameliorate deleterious phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A MacPherson
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Robert R H Anholt
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Trudy F C Mackay
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
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Singh R. A Gene-Based Algorithm for Identifying Factors That May Affect a Speaker's Voice. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:897. [PMID: 37372241 DOI: 10.3390/e25060897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, many machine-learning- and artificial-intelligence-based technologies have been created to deduce biometric or bio-relevant parameters of speakers from their voice. These voice profiling technologies have targeted a wide range of parameters, from diseases to environmental factors, based largely on the fact that they are known to influence voice. Recently, some have also explored the prediction of parameters whose influence on voice is not easily observable through data-opportunistic biomarker discovery techniques. However, given the enormous range of factors that can possibly influence voice, more informed methods for selecting those that may be potentially deducible from voice are needed. To this end, this paper proposes a simple path-finding algorithm that attempts to find links between vocal characteristics and perturbing factors using cytogenetic and genomic data. The links represent reasonable selection criteria for use by computational by profiling technologies only, and are not intended to establish any unknown biological facts. The proposed algorithm is validated using a simple example from medical literature-that of the clinically observed effects of specific chromosomal microdeletion syndromes on the vocal characteristics of affected people. In this example, the algorithm attempts to link the genes involved in these syndromes to a single example gene (FOXP2) that is known to play a broad role in voice production. We show that in cases where strong links are exposed, vocal characteristics of the patients are indeed reported to be correspondingly affected. Validation experiments and subsequent analyses confirm that the methodology could be potentially useful in predicting the existence of vocal signatures in naïve cases where their existence has not been otherwise observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Singh
- Center for Voice Intelligence and Security, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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MacPherson RA, Shankar V, Anholt RRH, Mackay TFC. Genetic and Genomic Analyses of Drosophila melanogaster Models of Chromatin Modification Disorders. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534923. [PMID: 37034595 PMCID: PMC10081333 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF)-related intellectual disability disorders (SSRIDDs) and Cornelia de Lange syndrome are rare syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders with overlapping clinical phenotypes. SSRIDDs are associated with the BAF (Brahma-Related Gene-1 Associated Factor) complex, whereas CdLS is a disorder of chromatin modification associated with the cohesin complex. Here, we used RNA interference in Drosophila melanogaster to reduce expression of six genes (brm, osa, Snr1, SMC1, SMC3, vtd) orthologous to human genes associated with SSRIDDs and CdLS. These fly models exhibit changes in sleep, activity, startle behavior (a proxy for sensorimotor integration) and brain morphology. Whole genome RNA sequencing identified 9,657 differentially expressed genes (FDR < 0.05), 156 of which are differentially expressed in both sexes in SSRIDD- and CdLS-specific analyses, including Bap60, which is orthologous to SMARCD1, a SSRIDD-associated BAF component, k-means clustering reveals genes co-regulated within and across SSRIDD and CdLS fly models. RNAi-mediated reduction of expression of six genes co-regulated with focal genes brm, osa, and/or Snr1 recapitulated changes in behavior of the focal genes. Based on the assumption that fundamental biological processes are evolutionarily conserved, Drosophila models can be used to understand underlying molecular effects of variants in chromatin-modification pathways and may aid in discovery of drugs that ameliorate deleterious phenotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. MacPherson
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Robert R. H. Anholt
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Trudy F. C. Mackay
- Center for Human Genetics and Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 114 Gregor Mendel Circle, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
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Bozarth XL, Lopez J, Fang H, Lee-Eng J, Duan Z, Deng X. Phenotypes and Genotypes in Patients with SMC1A-Related Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:852. [PMID: 37107610 PMCID: PMC10138066 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The X-linked SMC1A gene encodes a core subunit of the cohesin complex that plays a pivotal role in genome organization and gene regulation. Pathogenic variants in SMC1A are often dominant-negative and cause Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) with growth retardation and typical facial features; however, rare SMC1A variants cause a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) with intractable early-onset epilepsy that is absent in CdLS. Unlike the male-to-female ratio of 1:2 in those with CdLS associated with dominant-negative SMC1A variants, SMC1A-DEE loss-of-function (LOF) variants are found exclusively in females due to presumed lethality in males. It is unclear how different SMC1A variants cause CdLS or DEE. Here, we report on phenotypes and genotypes of three females with DEE and de novo SMC1A variants, including a novel splice-site variant. We also summarize 41 known SMC1A-DEE variants to characterize common and patient-specific features. Interestingly, compared to 33 LOFs detected throughout the gene, 7/8 non-LOFs are specifically located in the N/C-terminal ATPase head or the central hinge domain, both of which are predicted to affect cohesin assembly, thus mimicking LOFs. Along with the characterization of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) and SMC1A transcription, these variants strongly suggest that a differential SMC1A dosage effect of SMC1A-DEE variants is closely associated with the manifestation of DEE phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua L. Bozarth
- Division of Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- Division of Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - He Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lee-Eng
- Division of Neurology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Xinxian Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Hashimoto K, Baba S, Nakagawa E, Sumitomo N, Takeshita E, Shimizu-Motohashi Y, Ishiyama A, Saito T, Abe-Hatano C, Inoue K, Iida A, Sasaki M, Goto YI. Long-term changes in electroencephalogram findings in a girl with a nonsense SMC1A variant: A case report. Brain Dev 2022; 44:551-557. [PMID: 35589488 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathogenic truncating variants in SMC1A, which is located on chromosome Xp11.2, are known to cause infantile-onset epilepsy and severe intellectual disability in girls. Several studies have reported a correlation between SMC1A truncations and seizure clustering; however, the associated electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns remain largely unknown. CASE PRESENTATION We investigated an 12-year-old girl who had developed epilepsy at the age of 4 months. The patient experienced unknown onset, tonic-clonic seizures that occurred in clusters several times a week. Her interictal EEG at the age of 2 years showed paroxysmal, generalized, high-amplitude slow waves, whereas epileptiform discharges were scarce. The patient's interictal EEG gradually deteriorated; at the age of 11 years, diffuse continuous spike-and-wave discharges were predominantly observed in the left temporal region and were particularly obvious in the awake state. Although the unknown onset, tonic seizures occurring weekly persisted under multiple antiepileptic medications, the patient did not experience seizure clustering since the age of 9 years. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a de novo known nonsense variant in SMC1A (c.2923C > T, p.R975*). CONCLUSION Our patient presented with a mild abnormality in the interictal EEG during infancy and early childhood despite frequent seizure clustering. Notably, the patient's EEG findings gradually deteriorated over time, which was inconsistent with the amelioration of seizure clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Hashimoto
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Baba
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Epileptology, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eiji Nakagawa
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Epileptology, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sumitomo
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Epileptology, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Takeshita
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Epileptology, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishiyama
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Epileptology, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Epileptology, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Abe-Hatano
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Ichi Goto
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Medical Genome Center, NCNP, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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Barañano KW, Kimball A, Fong SL, Egense AS, Hudon C, Kline AD. Further Characterization of SMC1A Loss of Function Epilepsy Distinct From Cornelia de Lange Syndrome. J Child Neurol 2022; 37:390-396. [PMID: 35238682 DOI: 10.1177/08830738221081244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a rare developmental malformation syndrome characterized by small stature, limb anomalies, distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and behavioral issues. The diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome is made clinically or on the basis of an identified variant in one of the genes associated with Cornelia de Lange syndrome. SMC1A variants are the cause of 5% of the cases of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. SMC1A is located on the X-chromosome and is thought to escape X-inactivation in some females. Patients with SMC1A variants are being increasingly identified through panel testing or exome sequencing without prior clinical suspicion of Cornelia de Lange syndrome. In general, intractable epilepsy is not considered a prominent feature of Cornelia de Lange syndrome, yet this is found in these patients with SMC1A variants. Here we report on a series of patients with SMC1A variants and intractable epilepsy. In contrast to patients with typical SMC1A-associated Cornelia de Lange syndrome, all of the identified patients were female, and when available, X-inactivation studies were highly skewed with truncating variants. We describe the medical involvement and physical appearance of the participants, compared to the diagnostic criteria used for classical Cornelia de Lange syndrome. We also report on the clinical characteristics of the epilepsy, including age of onset, types of seizures, electroencephalographic (EEG) findings, and response to various antiepileptic medications. These findings allow us to draw conclusions about how this population of patients with SMC1A variants fit into the spectrum of Cornelia de Lange syndrome and the broader spectrum of cohesinopathies and allow generalizations that may impact clinical care and, in particular, epilepsy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin W Barañano
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Kimball
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susan L Fong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alena S Egense
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Hudon
- Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antonie D Kline
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Cummings CT, Rowley MJ. Implications of Dosage Deficiencies in CTCF and Cohesin on Genome Organization, Gene Expression, and Human Neurodevelopment. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:583. [PMID: 35456389 PMCID: PMC9030571 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Properly organizing DNA within the nucleus is critical to ensure normal downstream nuclear functions. CTCF and cohesin act as major architectural proteins, working in concert to generate thousands of high-intensity chromatin loops. Due to their central role in loop formation, a massive research effort has been dedicated to investigating the mechanism by which CTCF and cohesin create these loops. Recent results lead to questioning the direct impact of CTCF loops on gene expression. Additionally, results of controlled depletion experiments in cell lines has indicated that genome architecture may be somewhat resistant to incomplete deficiencies in CTCF or cohesin. However, heterozygous human genetic deficiencies in CTCF and cohesin have illustrated the importance of their dosage in genome architecture, cellular processes, animal behavior, and disease phenotypes. Thus, the importance of considering CTCF or cohesin levels is especially made clear by these heterozygous germline variants that characterize genetic syndromes, which are increasingly recognized in clinical practice. Defined primarily by developmental delay and intellectual disability, the phenotypes of CTCF and cohesin deficiency illustrate the importance of architectural proteins particularly in neurodevelopment. We discuss the distinct roles of CTCF and cohesin in forming chromatin loops, highlight the major role that dosage of each protein plays in the amplitude of observed effects on gene expression, and contrast these results to heterozygous mutation phenotypes in murine models and clinical patients. Insights highlighted by this comparison have implications for future research into these newly emerging genetic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Cummings
- Munroe-Meyer Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - M. Jordan Rowley
- Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Distinct Epileptogenic Mechanisms Associated with Seizures in Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3159-3169. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Elwan M, Fowkes R, Lewis-Smith D, Winder A, Baker MR, Thomas RH. Late-onset cluster seizures and intellectual disability associated with a novel truncation variant in SMC1A. Epilepsy Behav Rep 2022; 19:100556. [PMID: 35712061 PMCID: PMC9194849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebr.2022.100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy due to truncating SMC1A variants can present with onset in later childhood. People with to truncating SMC1A variants can have normal development prior to presentation. Seizures occur periodically in clusters and are poorly responsive to antiseizure medications.
SMC1A variants are known to cause Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) which encompasses a clinical spectrum of intellectual disability, dysmorphic features (long or thick eyebrows, a hypomorphic philtrum and small nose) and, in some cases, epilepsy. More recently, SMC1A truncating variants have been described as the cause of a neurodevelopmental disorder with early-childhood onset drug-resistant epilepsy with seizures that occur in clusters, similar to that seen in PCDH19-related epilepsy, but without the classical features of CdLS. Here, we report the case of a 28-year-old woman with a de novo heterozygous truncating variant in SMC1A who unusually presented with seizures at the late age of 12 years and had normal development into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menatalla Elwan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Fowkes
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - David Lewis-Smith
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Winder
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Baker
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Rhys H. Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Corresponding author at: Intermediate Clinical Lecturer and Honorary Consultant in Epilepsy, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Henry Wellcome Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH.
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12
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Oliver C, Groves L, Hansen BD, Salehi M, Kheradmand S, Carrico CS, Caudill P, Mattingly M, Dorsett D, Chea S, Singh VP, Krantz ID, Huisman S, Deardorff MA, Kline AD. Cornelia de Lange syndrome and the Cohesin complex: Abstracts from the 9th Biennial Scientific and Educational Virtual Symposium 2020. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:1005-1014. [PMID: 34877788 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a spectrum disorder due to variants in genes of the cohesin protein complex. The following abstracts are from the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Scientific and Educational Symposium held virtually in October 2020. Aspects of behavior, including autistic features, impulsivity, adaptive skills, executive function, and anxiety are described. Applied behavioral analysis is a promising approach for autism, and an N-acetylcysteine trial is proposed. Children below 6 years with CdLS have an increased number of and further travel to medical providers, with insurance type comprising a significant barrier. Speech, language, and feeding abilities fall significantly below expectations for age in CdLS. Augmentative alternative communication can yield potential barriers as well as interesting benefits. Developmentally, studies in animal models further elucidate the mechanisms and roles of cohesin: link with mediator transcriptional complex; facilitation of enhancer-promoter communication; regulation of gene expression; allocation of cells to germ layers; and repair of spontaneous DNA damage in placental cells. Genome and RNA sequencing can help identify the molecular cause in the 20% of individuals with suspected CdLS and negative testing. The phenotypes in individuals with variants in the SMC1A gene are distinct, and that with intractable seizures has been further evaluated. AMA CME credits provided by GBMC, Baltimore, MD. All studies approved by an ethics committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Oliver
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura Groves
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shaydah Kheradmand
- Master's in Genetic Counseling Training Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheri S Carrico
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, Illinois, USA
| | - Patti Caudill
- Milton J. Dance, Jr Head & Neck Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Mattingly
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Dale Dorsett
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephenson Chea
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, and the Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Ian D Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sylvia Huisman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, and Prinsenstichting, Purmerend, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Antonie D Kline
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Janowski M, Milewska M, Zare P, Pękowska A. Chromatin Alterations in Neurological Disorders and Strategies of (Epi)Genome Rescue. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:765. [PMID: 34451862 PMCID: PMC8399958 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders (NDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of conditions that affect the function of the nervous system. Often incurable, NDs have profound and detrimental consequences on the affected individuals' lives. NDs have complex etiologies but commonly feature altered gene expression and dysfunctions of the essential chromatin-modifying factors. Hence, compounds that target DNA and histone modification pathways, the so-called epidrugs, constitute promising tools to treat NDs. Yet, targeting the entire epigenome might reveal insufficient to modify a chosen gene expression or even unnecessary and detrimental to the patients' health. New technologies hold a promise to expand the clinical toolkit in the fight against NDs. (Epi)genome engineering using designer nucleases, including CRISPR-Cas9 and TALENs, can potentially help restore the correct gene expression patterns by targeting a defined gene or pathway, both genetically and epigenetically, with minimal off-target activity. Here, we review the implication of epigenetic machinery in NDs. We outline syndromes caused by mutations in chromatin-modifying enzymes and discuss the functional consequences of mutations in regulatory DNA in NDs. We review the approaches that allow modifying the (epi)genome, including tools based on TALENs and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies, and we highlight how these new strategies could potentially change clinical practices in the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Pękowska
- Dioscuri Centre for Chromatin Biology and Epigenomics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.); (M.M.); (P.Z.)
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14
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Selicorni A, Mariani M, Lettieri A, Massa V. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: From a Disease to a Broader Spectrum. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1075. [PMID: 34356091 PMCID: PMC8307173 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a genetic disease that exemplifies the evolution of knowledge in the field of rare genetic disorders. Originally described as a unique pattern of major and minor anomalies, over time this syndrome has been shown to be characterized by a significant variability of clinical expression. By increasing the number of patients described, knowledge of the natural history of the condition has been enriched with the demonstration of the relative frequency of various potential comorbidities. Since 2006, the discovery of CdLS's molecular basis has shown an equally vast genetic heterogeneity linked to the presence of variants in genes encoding for the cohesin complex pathway. The most recent clinical-genetic data led to the classification of the "original syndrome" into a "clinical spectrum" that foresees the presence of classic patients, of non-classic forms, and of conditions that show a modest phenotypic overlapping with the original disease. Finally, the knowledge of the molecular basis of the disease has allowed the development of basic research projects that could lay the foundations for the development of possible innovative pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Selicorni
- Mariani Foundation Center for Fragile Child, Pediatric Unit ASST Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy;
| | - Milena Mariani
- Mariani Foundation Center for Fragile Child, Pediatric Unit ASST Lariana, 22100 Como, Italy;
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (A.L.); (V.M.)
- CRC Aldo Ravelli for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy; (A.L.); (V.M.)
- CRC Aldo Ravelli for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy
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Abstract
Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMCs) are part of a large family of ring complexes that participates in a number of DNA transactions. Among SMCs, SMC1A gene is unique. It encodes a subunit of the cohesin-core complex that tethers sister chromatids together to ensure correct chromosome segregation in both mitosis and meiosis. As a member of the cohesin ring, SMC1A takes part in gene transcription regulation and genome organization; and it participates in the DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathway, being phosphorylated by Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) and Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 Related (ATR) threonine/serine kinases. It is also a component of the Recombination protein complex (RC-1) involved in DNA repair by recombination. SMC1A pathogenic variants have been described in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), a human rare disease, and recently SMC1A variants have been associated with epilepsy or resembling Rett syndrome phenotype. Finally, SMC1A variants have been identified in several human cancers. In this review, our current knowledge of the SMC1A gene has been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Musio
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
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16
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Expansion of the phenotypic spectrum of SMC1A nonsense variants: a patient with cerebellar atrophy and review of the literature. Clin Dysmorphol 2020; 29:217-223. [PMID: 32496272 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Papandreou A, Danti FR, Spaull R, Leuzzi V, Mctague A, Kurian MA. The expanding spectrum of movement disorders in genetic epilepsies. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:178-191. [PMID: 31784983 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An ever-increasing number of neurogenetic conditions presenting with both epilepsy and atypical movements are now recognized. These disorders within the 'genetic epilepsy-dyskinesia' spectrum are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Increased clinical awareness is therefore necessary for a rational diagnostic approach. Furthermore, careful interpretation of genetic results is key to establishing the correct diagnosis and initiating disease-specific management strategies in a timely fashion. In this review we describe the spectrum of movement disorders associated with genetically determined epilepsies. We also propose diagnostic strategies and putative pathogenic mechanisms causing these complex syndromes associated with both seizures and atypical motor control. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Implicated genes encode proteins with very diverse functions. Pathophysiological mechanisms by which epilepsy and movement disorder phenotypes manifest are often not clear. Early diagnosis of treatable disorders is essential and next generation sequencing may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Papandreou
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Federica Rachele Danti
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Spaull
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amy Mctague
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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18
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Johnson BV, Kumar R, Oishi S, Alexander S, Kasherman M, Vega MS, Ivancevic A, Gardner A, Domingo D, Corbett M, Parnell E, Yoon S, Oh T, Lines M, Lefroy H, Kini U, Van Allen M, Grønborg S, Mercier S, Küry S, Bézieau S, Pasquier L, Raynaud M, Afenjar A, Billette de Villemeur T, Keren B, Désir J, Van Maldergem L, Marangoni M, Dikow N, Koolen DA, VanHasselt PM, Weiss M, Zwijnenburg P, Sa J, Reis CF, López-Otín C, Santiago-Fernández O, Fernández-Jaén A, Rauch A, Steindl K, Joset P, Goldstein A, Madan-Khetarpal S, Infante E, Zackai E, Mcdougall C, Narayanan V, Ramsey K, Mercimek-Andrews S, Pena L, Shashi V, Schoch K, Sullivan JA, Pinto E Vairo F, Pichurin PN, Ewing SA, Barnett SS, Klee EW, Perry MS, Koenig MK, Keegan CE, Schuette JL, Asher S, Perilla-Young Y, Smith LD, Rosenfeld JA, Bhoj E, Kaplan P, Li D, Oegema R, van Binsbergen E, van der Zwaag B, Smeland MF, Cutcutache I, Page M, Armstrong M, Lin AE, Steeves MA, Hollander ND, Hoffer MJV, Reijnders MRF, Demirdas S, Koboldt DC, Bartholomew D, Mosher TM, Hickey SE, Shieh C, Sanchez-Lara PA, Graham JM, Tezcan K, Schaefer GB, Danylchuk NR, Asamoah A, Jackson KE, Yachelevich N, Au M, Pérez-Jurado LA, Kleefstra T, Penzes P, Wood SA, Burne T, Pierson TM, Piper M, Gécz J, Jolly LA. Partial Loss of USP9X Function Leads to a Male Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Disorder Converging on Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:100-112. [PMID: 31443933 PMCID: PMC6925349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The X-chromosome gene USP9X encodes a deubiquitylating enzyme that has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders primarily in female subjects. USP9X escapes X inactivation, and in female subjects de novo heterozygous copy number loss or truncating mutations cause haploinsufficiency culminating in a recognizable syndrome with intellectual disability and signature brain and congenital abnormalities. In contrast, the involvement of USP9X in male neurodevelopmental disorders remains tentative. METHODS We used clinically recommended guidelines to collect and interrogate the pathogenicity of 44 USP9X variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in males. Functional studies in patient-derived cell lines and mice were used to determine mechanisms of pathology. RESULTS Twelve missense variants showed strong evidence of pathogenicity. We define a characteristic phenotype of the central nervous system (white matter disturbances, thin corpus callosum, and widened ventricles); global delay with significant alteration of speech, language, and behavior; hypotonia; joint hypermobility; visual system defects; and other common congenital and dysmorphic features. Comparison of in silico and phenotypical features align additional variants of unknown significance with likely pathogenicity. In support of partial loss-of-function mechanisms, using patient-derived cell lines, we show loss of only specific USP9X substrates that regulate neurodevelopmental signaling pathways and a united defect in transforming growth factor β signaling. In addition, we find correlates of the male phenotype in Usp9x brain-specific knockout mice, and further resolve loss of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the involvement of USP9X variants in a distinctive neurodevelopmental and behavioral syndrome in male subjects and identify plausible mechanisms of pathogenesis centered on disrupted transforming growth factor β signaling and hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett V Johnson
- University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Raman Kumar
- University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sabrina Oishi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Suzy Alexander
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maria Kasherman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Atma Ivancevic
- University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Alison Gardner
- University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Deepti Domingo
- University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark Corbett
- University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Euan Parnell
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sehyoun Yoon
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tracey Oh
- Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Women's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew Lines
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henrietta Lefroy
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Usha Kini
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Margot Van Allen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sabine Grønborg
- Center for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Mercier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes and l'Institut du Thorax, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes and l'Institut du Thorax, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Nantes and l'Institut du Thorax, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Pasquier
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Raynaud
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Service de Génétique, Unité Nixte de Recherche 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Tours, France
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- Groupe de Recherche Clinique No. 19, ConCer-LD, Département de Génétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Centres de Référence Maladies Rares des Déficits Intellectuels de Causes Rares, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Billette de Villemeur
- Sorbonne Université, Groupe de Recherche Clinique No. 19, ConCer-LD, Neuropédiatrie, Centres de Référence Maladies Rares Neurogénétique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Julie Désir
- Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Martina Marangoni
- Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicola Dikow
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A Koolen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M VanHasselt
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Weiss
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Zwijnenburg
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Sa
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Claudia Falcao Reis
- Medical Genetics Unit, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitário de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Olaya Santiago-Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitário de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Amy Goldstein
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Elena Infante
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elaine Zackai
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carey Mcdougall
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Saadet Mercimek-Andrews
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Loren Pena
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kelly Schoch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer A Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Filippo Pinto E Vairo
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pavel N Pichurin
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sarah A Ewing
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sarah S Barnett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric W Klee
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - M Scott Perry
- Jane and John Justin Neuroscience Center, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Mary Kay Koenig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Catherine E Keegan
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jane L Schuette
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephanie Asher
- Translational Medicine & Human Genetics, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yezmin Perilla-Young
- Division of Pediatric Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laurie D Smith
- Division of Pediatric Genetics and Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Paige Kaplan
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dong Li
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renske Oegema
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Binsbergen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van der Zwaag
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Matthew Page
- Translational Medicine, UCB Pharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcie A Steeves
- Medical Genetics Unit, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mariëtte J V Hoffer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margot R F Reijnders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Serwet Demirdas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Scott E Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christine Shieh
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, California
| | | | - John M Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kamer Tezcan
- Department of Genetics, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, California
| | - G B Schaefer
- Section of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Noelle R Danylchuk
- Department of Genetic Counseling, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Alexander Asamoah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kelly E Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Naomi Yachelevich
- Clinical Genetics Services, Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Margaret Au
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia; Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Network Research Centre for Rare Diseases and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Stephen A Wood
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Burne
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Department of Neurology and the Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael Piper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jozef Gécz
- University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia.
| | - Lachlan A Jolly
- University of Adelaide and Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia.
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19
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Naik NA, Shah AR. X linked Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy due to SMC1A Truncating Mutation. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2020; 24:98-101. [PMID: 33911395 PMCID: PMC8061502 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_518_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Ajit Naik
- EN1 Neuro Pediatric Neuroscience Centre, BKC Annexe, LBS Marg, Kurla, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ami Rajesh Shah
- EN1 Neuro Pediatric Neuroscience Centre, BKC Annexe, LBS Marg, Kurla, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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20
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Oguni H, Nishikawa A, Sato Y, Otani Y, Ito S, Nagata S, Kato M, Hamanaka K, Miyatake S, Matsumoto N. A missense variant of SMC1A causes periodic pharmaco-resistant cluster seizures similar to PCDH19-related epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2019; 155:106149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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21
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Kruszka P, Berger SI, Casa V, Dekker MR, Gaesser J, Weiss K, Martinez AF, Murdock DR, Louie RJ, Prijoles EJ, Lichty AW, Brouwer OF, Zonneveld-Huijssoon E, Stephan MJ, Hogue J, Hu P, Tanima-Nagai M, Everson JL, Prasad C, Cereda A, Iascone M, Schreiber A, Zurcher V, Corsten-Janssen N, Escobar L, Clegg NJ, Delgado MR, Hajirnis O, Balasubramanian M, Kayserili H, Deardorff M, Poot RA, Wendt KS, Lipinski RJ, Muenke M. Cohesin complex-associated holoprosencephaly. Brain 2019; 142:2631-2643. [PMID: 31334757 PMCID: PMC7245359 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marked by incomplete division of the embryonic forebrain, holoprosencephaly is one of the most common human developmental disorders. Despite decades of phenotype-driven research, 80-90% of aneuploidy-negative holoprosencephaly individuals with a probable genetic aetiology do not have a genetic diagnosis. Here we report holoprosencephaly associated with variants in the two X-linked cohesin complex genes, STAG2 and SMC1A, with loss-of-function variants in 10 individuals and a missense variant in one. Additionally, we report four individuals with variants in the cohesin complex genes that are not X-linked, SMC3 and RAD21. Using whole mount in situ hybridization, we show that STAG2 and SMC1A are expressed in the prosencephalic neural folds during primary neurulation in the mouse, consistent with forebrain morphogenesis and holoprosencephaly pathogenesis. Finally, we found that shRNA knockdown of STAG2 and SMC1A causes aberrant expression of HPE-associated genes ZIC2, GLI2, SMAD3 and FGFR1 in human neural stem cells. These findings show the cohesin complex as an important regulator of median forebrain development and X-linked inheritance patterns in holoprosencephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kruszka
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seth I Berger
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valentina Casa
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mike R Dekker
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenna Gaesser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karin Weiss
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ariel F Martinez
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Murdock
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raymond J Louie
- Greenwood Genetic Center, JC Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Eloise J Prijoles
- Greenwood Genetic Center, JC Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Angie W Lichty
- Greenwood Genetic Center, JC Self Research Institute of Human Genetics, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Oebele F Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien Zonneveld-Huijssoon
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J Stephan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jacob Hogue
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Madigan Army Hospital, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Momoko Tanima-Nagai
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua L Everson
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chitra Prasad
- Children’s Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratorio di Genetica Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Vickie Zurcher
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicole Corsten-Janssen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Escobar
- Peyton Manning Children’s Hospital at St. Vincent, Medical Genetics and Neurodevelopment Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nancy J Clegg
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mauricio R Delgado
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Omkar Hajirnis
- Pediatric Neurology, Synapses Child Neurology and Development Centre, Thane, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meena Balasubramanian
- Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children’s, NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Academic Unit of Child Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Matthew Deardorff
- The Division of Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raymond A Poot
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin S Wendt
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maximilian Muenke
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Chinen Y, Nakamura S, Kaneshi T, Nakayashiro M, Yanagi K, Kaname T, Naritomi K, Nakanishi K. A novel nonsense SMC1A mutation in a patient with intractable epilepsy and cardiac malformation. Hum Genome Var 2019; 6:23. [PMID: 31098032 PMCID: PMC6513828 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-019-0053-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a cohesinopathy caused by genetic variations. We present a female with SMC1A-associated CdLS with a novel SMC1A truncation mutation (p. Arg499Ter), transposition of the great arteries, and periodic intractable seizures from 40 months of age. A review of the literature revealed that a seizure-free period after birth of at least 15 months is required for these patients to be able to walk, irrespective of the epileptic course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutsugu Chinen
- 1Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Sadao Nakamura
- 1Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Takuya Kaneshi
- 1Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Mami Nakayashiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center Children's Medical Center, Haebaru, Okinawa Japan
| | - Kumiko Yanagi
- 3Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kaname
- 3Department of Genome Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Naritomi
- Okinawa Nanbu Habilitation and Medical Center, Naha, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakanishi
- 1Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
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23
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Kline AD, Moss JF, Selicorni A, Bisgaard AM, Deardorff MA, Gillett PM, Ishman SL, Kerr LM, Levin AV, Mulder PA, Ramos FJ, Wierzba J, Ajmone PF, Axtell D, Blagowidow N, Cereda A, Costantino A, Cormier-Daire V, FitzPatrick D, Grados M, Groves L, Guthrie W, Huisman S, Kaiser FJ, Koekkoek G, Levis M, Mariani M, McCleery JP, Menke LA, Metrena A, O'Connor J, Oliver C, Pie J, Piening S, Potter CJ, Quaglio AL, Redeker E, Richman D, Rigamonti C, Shi A, Tümer Z, Van Balkom IDC, Hennekam RC. Diagnosis and management of Cornelia de Lange syndrome: first international consensus statement. Nat Rev Genet 2018; 19:649-666. [PMID: 29995837 PMCID: PMC7136165 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-018-0031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an archetypical genetic syndrome that is characterized by intellectual disability, well-defined facial features, upper limb anomalies and atypical growth, among numerous other signs and symptoms. It is caused by variants in any one of seven genes, all of which have a structural or regulatory function in the cohesin complex. Although recent advances in next-generation sequencing have improved molecular diagnostics, marked heterogeneity exists in clinical and molecular diagnostic approaches and care practices worldwide. Here, we outline a series of recommendations that document the consensus of a group of international experts on clinical diagnostic criteria, both for classic CdLS and non-classic CdLS phenotypes, molecular investigations, long-term management and care planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie D Kline
- Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Centre, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joanna F Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angelo Selicorni
- Department of Paediatrics, Presidio S. Femro, ASST Lariana, Como, Italy
| | - Anne-Marie Bisgaard
- Kennedy Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter M Gillett
- GI Department, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Stacey L Ishman
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lynne M Kerr
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Utah Medical Centre, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alex V Levin
- Paediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paul A Mulder
- Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Paediatrics, University Clinic Hospital 'Lozano Blesa' CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragón, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Department of Paediatrics, Haematology and Oncology, Department of General Nursery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paola Francesca Ajmone
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - David Axtell
- CdLS Foundation UK and Ireland, The Tower, North Stifford, Grays, Essex, UK
| | - Natalie Blagowidow
- Harvey Institute of Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Paediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonella Costantino
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Genetics, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - David FitzPatrick
- Human Genetics Unit, Medical and Developmental Genetics, University of Edinburgh Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Marco Grados
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Groves
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Whitney Guthrie
- Centre for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvia Huisman
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Mary Levis
- Wicomico County Board of Education, Salisbury, MD, USA
| | - Milena Mariani
- Clinical Paediatric Genetics Unit, Paediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Joseph P McCleery
- Centre for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonie A Menke
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Julia O'Connor
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juan Pie
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Paediatrics, University Clinic Hospital 'Lozano Blesa' CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragón, Department of Pharmacology-Physiology and Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sigrid Piening
- Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Carol J Potter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ana L Quaglio
- Genética Médica, Hospital del Este, Eva Perón, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Egbert Redeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Richman
- Department of Educational Psychology and Leadership, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Rigamonti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Angell Shi
- The Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ingrid D C Van Balkom
- Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, Netherlands
- Rob Giel Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Paediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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24
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Huisman S, Mulder PA, Redeker E, Bader I, Bisgaard AM, Brooks A, Cereda A, Cinca C, Clark D, Cormier-Daire V, Deardorff MA, Diderich K, Elting M, van Essen A, FitzPatrick D, Gervasini C, Gillessen-Kaesbach G, Girisha KM, Hilhorst-Hofstee Y, Hopman S, Horn D, Isrie M, Jansen S, Jespersgaard C, Kaiser FJ, Kaur M, Kleefstra T, Krantz ID, Lakeman P, Landlust A, Lessel D, Michot C, Moss J, Noon SE, Oliver C, Parenti I, Pie J, Ramos FJ, Rieubland C, Russo S, Selicorni A, Tümer Z, Vorstenbosch R, Wenger TL, van Balkom I, Piening S, Wierzba J, Hennekam RC. Phenotypes and genotypes in individuals with SMC1A variants. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2108-2125. [PMID: 28548707 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SMC1A encodes one of the proteins of the cohesin complex. SMC1A variants are known to cause a phenotype resembling Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS). Exome sequencing has allowed recognizing SMC1A variants in individuals with encephalopathy with epilepsy who do not resemble CdLS. We performed an international, interdisciplinary study on 51 individuals with SMC1A variants for physical and behavioral characteristics, and compare results to those in 67 individuals with NIPBL variants. For the Netherlands all known individuals with SMC1A variants were studied, both with and without CdLS phenotype. Individuals with SMC1A variants can resemble CdLS, but manifestations are less marked compared to individuals with NIPBL variants: growth is less disturbed, facial signs are less marked (except for periocular signs and thin upper vermillion), there are no major limb anomalies, and they have a higher level of cognitive and adaptive functioning. Self-injurious behavior is more frequent and more severe in the NIPBL group. In the Dutch group 5 of 13 individuals (all females) had a phenotype that shows a remarkable resemblance to Rett syndrome: epileptic encephalopathy, severe or profound intellectual disability, stereotypic movements, and (in some) regression. Their missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations are evenly spread over the gene. We conclude that SMC1A variants can result in a phenotype resembling CdLS and a phenotype resembling Rett syndrome. Resemblances between the SMC1A group and the NIPBL group suggest that a disturbed cohesin function contributes to the phenotype, but differences between these groups may also be explained by other underlying mechanisms such as moonlighting of the cohesin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Huisman
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Prinsenstichting Institute, Purmerend, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A Mulder
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Egbert Redeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Bader
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anne-Marie Bisgaard
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Alice Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Constanza Cinca
- División Genetica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dinah Clark
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Valerie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Matthew A Deardorff
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karin Diderich
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariet Elting
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - David FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Department of Health Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | | | - Saskia Hopman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Denise Horn
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mala Isrie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra Jansen
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cathrine Jespersgaard
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Centre for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ian D Krantz
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Phillis Lakeman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Landlust
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Michot
- Department of Medical Genetics, Reference Center for Skeletal Dysplasia, INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Molecular and Physiopathological Bases of Osteochondrodysplasia, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, and Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jo Moss
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Noon
- Division of Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chris Oliver
- Cerebra Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Institut für Humangenetik Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,Section for Functional Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Juan Pie
- Laboratorio de Genética Clínica y Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- Unidad de Genética Clínica, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa" CIBERER-GCV02 and Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Claudine Rieubland
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Russo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Zeynep Tümer
- Kennedy Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Tara L Wenger
- Division of Craniofacial Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ingrid van Balkom
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Piening
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx Department of Youth Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanta Wierzba
- Departments of Pediatrics, Hematology, Oncology and Department of General Nursery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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25
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Advances in epilepsy gene discovery and implications for epilepsy diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Neurol 2017; 30:193-199. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Symonds JD, Joss S, Metcalfe KA, Somarathi S, Cruden J, Devlin AM, Donaldson A, DiDonato N, Fitzpatrick D, Kaiser FJ, Lampe AK, Lees MM, McLellan A, Montgomery T, Mundada V, Nairn L, Sarkar A, Schallner J, Pozojevic J, Parenti I, Tan J, Turnpenny P, Whitehouse WP, Zuberi SM. Heterozygous truncation mutations of the SMC1A gene cause a severe early onset epilepsy with cluster seizures in females: Detailed phenotyping of 10 new cases. Epilepsia 2017; 58:565-575. [PMID: 28166369 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phenotype of seizure clustering with febrile illnesses in infancy/early childhood is well recognized. To date the only genetic epilepsy consistently associated with this phenotype is PCDH19, an X-linked disorder restricted to females, and males with mosaicism. The SMC1A gene, which encodes a structural component of the cohesin complex is also located on the X chromosome. Missense variants and small in-frame deletions of SMC1A cause approximately 5% of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Recently, protein truncating mutations in SMC1A have been reported in five females, all of whom have been affected by a drug-resistant epilepsy, and severe developmental impairment. Our objective was to further delineate the phenotype of SMC1A truncation. METHOD Female cases with de novo truncation mutations in SMC1A were identified from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study (n = 8), from postmortem testing of an affected twin (n = 1), and from clinical testing with an epilepsy gene panel (n = 1). Detailed information on the phenotype in each case was obtained. RESULTS Ten cases with heterozygous de novo mutations in the SMC1A gene are presented. All 10 mutations identified are predicted to result in premature truncation of the SMC1A protein. All cases are female, and none had a clinical diagnosis of CdLS. They presented with onset of epileptic seizures between <4 weeks and 28 months of age. In the majority of cases, a marked preponderance for seizures to occur in clusters was noted. Seizure clusters were associated with developmental regression. Moderate or severe developmental impairment was apparent in all cases. SIGNIFICANCE Truncation mutations in SMC1A cause a severe epilepsy phenotype with cluster seizures in females. These mutations are likely to be nonviable in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Symonds
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Shelagh Joss
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kay A Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Evolution and Genomic sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Suresh Somarathi
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Cruden
- Department of Paediatrics, Victoria Infirmary, Kirkcaldy, United Kingdom
| | - Anita M Devlin
- Paediatric Neurology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David Fitzpatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frank J Kaiser
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne K Lampe
- South East Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa M Lees
- Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ailsa McLellan
- Department of Paediatric Neurosciences, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Montgomery
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Vivek Mundada
- Paediatric Neurology Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Nairn
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, United Kingdom
| | - Ajoy Sarkar
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Schallner
- Carl Gustav Carus Hospital, at the TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jelena Pozojevic
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Section for Functional Genetics, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeen Tan
- Paediatric Neurology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - William P Whitehouse
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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- The Deciphering Developmental Disorders study, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer M Zuberi
- The Paediatric Neurosciences Research Group, Royal Hospital for Children, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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27
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Johansen A, Rosti RO, Musaev D, Sticca E, Harripaul R, Zaki M, Çağlayan AO, Azam M, Sultan T, Froukh T, Reis A, Popp B, Ahmed I, John P, Ayub M, Ben-Omran T, Vincent JB, Gleeson JG, Abou Jamra R. Mutations in MBOAT7, Encoding Lysophosphatidylinositol Acyltransferase I, Lead to Intellectual Disability Accompanied by Epilepsy and Autistic Features. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:912-916. [PMID: 27616480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of epilepsy among individuals with intellectual disability (ID) is approximately ten times that of the general population. From a cohort of >5,000 families affected by neurodevelopmental disorders, we identified six consanguineous families harboring homozygous inactivating variants in MBOAT7, encoding lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase (LPIAT1). Subjects presented with ID frequently accompanied by epilepsy and autistic features. LPIAT1 is a membrane-bound phospholipid-remodeling enzyme that transfers arachidonic acid (AA) to lysophosphatidylinositol to produce AA-containing phosphatidylinositol. This study suggests a role for AA-containing phosphatidylinositols in the development of ID accompanied by epilepsy and autistic features.
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28
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Izumi K. Disorders of Transcriptional Regulation: An Emerging Category of Multiple Malformation Syndromes. Mol Syndromol 2016; 7:262-273. [PMID: 27867341 DOI: 10.1159/000448747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Some genetic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the transcriptional machinery as well as proteins involved in epigenetic modification of the genome share many overlapping features, such as facial dysmorphisms, growth problems and developmental delay/intellectual disability. As a basis for some shared phenotypic characteristics in these syndromes, a similar transcriptome disturbance, characterized by global transcriptional dysregulation, is believed to play a major role. In this review article, a general overview of gene transcription is provided, and the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying some disorders of transcriptional regulation, such as Rubinstein- Taybi, Coffin-Siris, Cornelia de Lange, and CHOPS syndromes, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
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29
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Witteveen JS, Willemsen MH, Dombroski TCD, van Bakel NHM, Nillesen WM, van Hulten JA, Jansen EJR, Verkaik D, Veenstra-Knol HE, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Wassink-Ruiter JSK, Vincent M, David A, Le Caignec C, Schieving J, Gilissen C, Foulds N, Rump P, Strom T, Cremer K, Zink AM, Engels H, de Munnik SA, Visser JE, Brunner HG, Martens GJM, Pfundt R, Kleefstra T, Kolk SM. Haploinsufficiency of MeCP2-interacting transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A causes mild intellectual disability by affecting the development of cortical integrity. Nat Genet 2016; 48:877-87. [PMID: 27399968 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous genes are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but their dysfunction is often poorly characterized. Here we identified dominant mutations in the gene encoding the transcriptional repressor and MeCP2 interactor switch-insensitive 3 family member A (SIN3A; chromosome 15q24.2) in individuals who, in addition to mild intellectual disability and ASD, share striking features, including facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly and short stature. This phenotype is highly related to that of individuals with atypical 15q24 microdeletions, linking SIN3A to this microdeletion syndrome. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed subtle abnormalities, including corpus callosum hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly. Intriguingly, in vivo functional knockdown of Sin3a led to reduced cortical neurogenesis, altered neuronal identity and aberrant corticocortical projections in the developing mouse brain. Together, our data establish that haploinsufficiency of SIN3A is associated with mild syndromic intellectual disability and that SIN3A can be considered to be a key transcriptional regulator of cortical brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine S Witteveen
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein H Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thaís C D Dombroski
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nick H M van Bakel
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willy M Nillesen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Josephus A van Hulten
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J R Jansen
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dave Verkaik
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hermine E Veenstra-Knol
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marie Vincent
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Albert David
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France
| | - Cedric Le Caignec
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Faculté de Médecine, INSERM UMRS 957, Nantes, France
| | - Jolanda Schieving
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Foulds
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Services, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK.,Department of Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Patrick Rump
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kirsten Cremer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Engels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sonja A de Munnik
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper E Visser
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Amphia Hospital Breda, Berda, the Netherlands
| | - Han G Brunner
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard J M Martens
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon M Kolk
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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