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Nunes LGA, Ma C, Hoffmann FW, Shay AE, Pitts MW, Hoffmann PR. Selenoprotein I is indispensable for ether lipid homeostasis and proper myelination. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107259. [PMID: 38582453 PMCID: PMC11061234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein I (SELENOI) catalyzes the final reaction of the CDP-ethanolamine branch of the Kennedy pathway, generating the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and plasmenyl-PE. Plasmenyl-PE is a key component of myelin and is characterized by a vinyl ether bond that preferentially reacts with oxidants, thus serves as a sacrificial antioxidant. In humans, multiple loss-of-function mutations in genes affecting plasmenyl-PE metabolism have been implicated in hereditary spastic paraplegia, including SELENOI. Herein, we developed a mouse model of nervous system-restricted SELENOI deficiency that circumvents embryonic lethality caused by constitutive deletion and recapitulates phenotypic features of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Resulting mice exhibited pronounced alterations in brain lipid composition, which coincided with motor deficits and neuropathology including hypomyelination, elevated reactive gliosis, and microcephaly. Further studies revealed increased lipid peroxidation in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and disrupted oligodendrocyte maturation both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, these findings detail a critical role for SELENOI-derived plasmenyl-PE in myelination that is of paramount importance for neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance G A Nunes
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - FuKun W Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Ashley E Shay
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew W Pitts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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2
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Liu J, Tan J, Tang B, Guo J. Unveiling the role of iPLA 2β in neurodegeneration: From molecular mechanisms to advanced therapies. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107114. [PMID: 38395207 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β), a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2s) superfamily, is encoded by the PLA2G6 gene. Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene have been identified as the primary cause of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and, less commonly, as a contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have revealed that iPLA2β deficiency leads to neuroinflammation, iron accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid dysregulation, and other pathological changes, forming a complex pathogenic network. These discoveries shed light on potential mechanisms underlying PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) and offer valuable insights for therapeutic development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental characteristics of iPLA2β, its association with neurodegeneration, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in PLAN, and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. It offers an overview of the latest advancements in this field, aiming to contribute to ongoing research endeavors and facilitate the development of effective therapies for PLAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Tanaka M, Fujikawa R, Sekiguchi T, Hernandez J, Johnson OT, Tanaka D, Kumafuji K, Serikawa T, Hoang Trung H, Hattori K, Mashimo T, Kuwamura M, Gestwicki JE, Kuramoto T. A missense mutation in the Hspa8 gene encoding heat shock cognate protein 70 causes neuroaxonal dystrophy in rats. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1263724. [PMID: 38384479 PMCID: PMC10880117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1263724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by spheroid (swollen axon) formation in the nervous system. In the present study, we focused on a newly established autosomal recessive mutant strain of F344-kk/kk rats with hind limb gait abnormalities and ataxia from a young age. Histopathologically, a number of axonal spheroids were observed throughout the central nervous system, including the spinal cord (mainly in the dorsal cord), brain stem, and cerebellum in F344-kk/kk rats. Transmission electron microscopic observation of the spinal cord revealed accumulation of electron-dense bodies, degenerated abnormal mitochondria, as well as membranous or tubular structures in the axonal spheroids. Based on these neuropathological findings, F344-kk/kk rats were diagnosed with NAD. By a positional cloning approach, we identified a missense mutation (V95E) in the Hspa8 (heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8) gene located on chromosome 8 of the F344-kk/kk rat genome. Furthermore, we developed the Hspa8 knock-in (KI) rats with the V95E mutation using the CRISPR-Cas system. Homozygous Hspa8-KI rats exhibited ataxia and axonal spheroids similar to those of F344-kk/kk rats. The V95E mutant HSC70 protein exhibited the significant but modest decrease in the maximum hydrolysis rate of ATPase when stimulated by co-chaperons DnaJB4 and BAG1 in vitro, which suggests the functional deficit in the V95E HSC70. Together, our findings provide the first evidence that the genetic alteration of the Hspa8 gene caused NAD in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuu Tanaka
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Fujikawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jason Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Oleta T. Johnson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daisuke Tanaka
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Kumafuji
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Serikawa
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hieu Hoang Trung
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hattori
- Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jason E. Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
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4
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Deng X, Yuan L, Jankovic J, Deng H. The role of the PLA2G6 gene in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101957. [PMID: 37236368 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) represents a continuum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders with overlapping features. Usually, it encompasses three autosomal recessive diseases, including infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy or neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) 2A, atypical neuronal dystrophy with childhood-onset or NBIA2B, and adult-onset dystonia-parkinsonism form named PARK14, and possibly a certain subtype of hereditary spastic paraplegia. PLAN is caused by variants in the phospholipase A2 group VI gene (PLA2G6), which encodes an enzyme involved in membrane homeostasis, signal transduction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and α-synuclein aggregation. In this review, we discuss PLA2G6 gene structure and protein, functional findings, genetic deficiency models, various PLAN disease phenotypes, and study strategies in the future. Our primary aim is to provide an overview of genotype-phenotype correlations of PLAN subtypes and speculate on the role of PLA2G6 in potential mechanisms underlying these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Deng
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lamei Yuan
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-4202, USA
| | - Hao Deng
- Health Management Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Center for Experimental Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China; Disease Genome Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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5
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Jagota P, Lim S, Pal PK, Lee J, Kukkle PL, Fujioka S, Shang H, Phokaewvarangkul O, Bhidayasiri R, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Ugawa Y, Aldaajani Z, Jeon B, Diesta C, Shambetova C, Lin C. Genetic Movement Disorders Commonly Seen in Asians. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:878-895. [PMID: 37332644 PMCID: PMC10272919 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing availability of molecular genetic testing has changed the landscape of both genetic research and clinical practice. Not only is the pace of discovery of novel disease-causing genes accelerating but also the phenotypic spectra associated with previously known genes are expanding. These advancements lead to the awareness that some genetic movement disorders may cluster in certain ethnic populations and genetic pleiotropy may result in unique clinical presentations in specific ethnic groups. Thus, the characteristics, genetics and risk factors of movement disorders may differ between populations. Recognition of a particular clinical phenotype, combined with information about the ethnic origin of patients could lead to early and correct diagnosis and assist the development of future personalized medicine for patients with these disorders. Here, the Movement Disorders in Asia Task Force sought to review genetic movement disorders that are commonly seen in Asia, including Wilson's disease, spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) types 12, 31, and 36, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease, PLA2G6-related parkinsonism, adult-onset neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. We also review common disorders seen worldwide with specific mutations or presentations that occur frequently in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Jagota
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Shen‐Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's & Related Disorders, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS)BengaluruIndia
| | - Jee‐Young Lee
- Department of NeurologySeoul Metropolitan Government‐Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center & Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Prashanth Lingappa Kukkle
- Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement DisordersManipal HospitalBangaloreIndia
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders ClinicBangaloreIndia
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University, Faculty of MedicineFukuokaJapan
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Rare Diseases CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Onanong Phokaewvarangkul
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
| | - Roongroj Bhidayasiri
- Chulalongkorn Centre of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineChulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross SocietyBangkokThailand
- The Academy of Science, The Royal Society of ThailandBangkokThailand
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Deprtment of Human Neurophysiology, Faculty of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Zakiyah Aldaajani
- Neurology Unit, King Fahad Military Medical ComplexDhahranSaudi Arabia
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Movement Disorder CenterSeoul National University HospitalSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Cid Diesta
- Section of Neurology, Department of NeuroscienceMakati Medical Center, NCRMakatiPhilippines
| | | | - Chin‐Hsien Lin
- Department of NeurologyNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan
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6
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Fink JK. The hereditary spastic paraplegias. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:59-88. [PMID: 37620092 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of more than 90 genetic disorders in which lower extremity spasticity and weakness are either the primary neurologic impairments ("uncomplicated HSP") or when accompanied by other neurologic deficits ("complicated HSP"), important features of the clinical syndrome. Various genetic types of HSP are inherited such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and maternal (mitochondrial) traits. Symptoms that begin in early childhood may be nonprogressive and resemble spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Symptoms that begin later, typically progress insidiously over a number of years. Genetic testing is able to confirm the diagnosis for many subjects. Insights from gene discovery indicate that abnormalities in diverse molecular processes underlie various forms of HSP, including disturbance in axon transport, endoplasmic reticulum morphogenesis, vesicle transport, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Pathologic studies in "uncomplicated" HSP have shown axon degeneration particularly involving the distal ends of corticospinal tracts and dorsal column fibers. Treatment is limited to symptom reduction including amelioration of spasticity, reducing urinary urgency, proactive physical therapy including strengthening, stretching, balance, and agility exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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Lan MY, Lu CS, Wu SL, Chen YF, Sung YF, Tu MC, Chang YY. Clinical and genetic characterization of a Taiwanese cohort with spastic paraparesis combined with cerebellar involvement. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1005670. [PMID: 36247768 PMCID: PMC9563621 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1005670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders clinically characterized by progressive lower-limb spasticity. Cerebellar ataxia commonly co-occurs with complicated HSPs. HSP with concurrent cerebellar ataxia has significant clinical and genetic overlaps with hereditary cerebellar ataxia (HCA) and other inherited neurological diseases, adding to the challenge of planning genetic testing for the disease. In this study, we characterized clinical features of a cohort of 24 patients (male/female: 15/9) from 22 families who presented spastic paraparesis combined with cerebellar involvement, with a median disease onset age 20.5 (range 5–53) years. Aside from the core phenotype, 18 (75%) patients had additional neuropsychiatric and systemic manifestations. A stepwise genetic testing strategy stratified by mode of inheritance, distinct neuroimaging features (e.g., thin corpus callosum), population-specific prevalence and whole-exome sequencing was utilized to investigate the genetic etiology. Causative mutations in up to 10 genes traditionally related to HSP, HCA and other neurogenetic diseases (autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, and progressive encephalopathy with brain atrophy and thin corpus callosum) were detected in 16 (73%) of the 22 pedigrees. Our study revealed the genetic complexity of HSP combined with cerebellar involvement. In contrast to the marked genetic diversity, the functions of the causative genes are restricted to a limited number of physiological themes. The functional overlap might reflect common underlying pathogenic mechanisms, to which the corticospinal tract and cerebellar neuron circuits may be especially vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Lan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Professor Lu Neurological Clinic, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Fa Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Feng Sung
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tu
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yee Chang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yung-Yee Chang
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Panza E, Meyyazhagan A, Orlacchio A. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: Genetic heterogeneity and common pathways. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114203. [PMID: 35970204 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of disease, mainly characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs resulting from distal degeneration of corticospinal tract axons. Although HSPs represent rare or ultra-rare conditions, with reported cases of mutated genes found in single families, overall, with 87 forms described, they are an important health and economic problem for society and patients. In fact, they are chronic and life-hindering conditions, still lacking a specific therapy. Notwithstanding the number of forms described, and 73 causative genes identified, overall, the molecular diagnostic rate varies among 29% to 61.8%, based on recent published analysis, suggesting that more genes are involved in HSP and/or that different molecular diagnostic approaches are necessary. The accumulating data in this field highlight several peculiar features of HSPs, such as genetic heterogeneity, the discovery that different mutations in a single gene can be transmitted in dominant and recessive trait in families and allelic heterogeneity, resulting in the involvement of HSP-genes in other conditions. Based on the observation of protein functions, the activity of many different proteins encoded by HSP-related genes converges into some distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. This suggests that common pathways could be a potential target for a therapy, possibly addressing several forms at once. Furthermore, the overlap of HSP genes with other neurological conditions can further expand this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Panza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arun Meyyazhagan
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Orlacchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; Laboratorio di Neurogenetica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello (CERC), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
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Wan Y, Jiang Y, Xie Z, Ling C, Du K, Li R, Yuan Y, Wang Z, Sun W, Jin H. Novel PLA2G6 Pathogenic Variants in Chinese Patients With PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration. Front Neurol 2022; 13:922528. [PMID: 35911906 PMCID: PMC9327523 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.922528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative diseases caused by biallelic PLA2G6 mutations, covering diseases such as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD), dystonia parkinsonism (DP), and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). The study aims to report the clinical and genetic features of a series of PLAN patients. Methods The clinical and radiological findings of five Chinese patients from three families were collected. Whole-exome next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to identify the genetic causes. Co-segregation analysis of the detected candidate variants were performed in their families. The pathogenicity of identified novel variants was predicted by in silico analysis. Results NGS revealed compound heterozygous variants of PLA2G6 gene in all five patients. There were six PLA2G6 variants identified, including two known variants (c.116G>A, c.238G>A) and four novel variants (c.2120dupA, c.2071C>G, c.967G>A, c1534T>A). ACMG predicts c.2120dupA to be pathogenic, c.2071C>G and c.1534T>A to be likely pathogenic, and c1534T>A to be of uncertain significance. Clinically, four patients fell into the diagnosis of ANAD, and 1 into the diagnosis of AREP. Brain imaging revealed cerebellar atrophy, iron deposition in bilateral globus pallidus, and substantia nigra in three cases. Conclusions Four novel pathogenic variants were discovered and the pathogenic variant spectrum of the PLA2G6 gene was expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Xie
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Du
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Neurology, Huoguosi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Sun
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Haiqiang Jin
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10
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Cheng HL, Chen YJ, Xue YY, Wu ZY, Li HF, Wang N. Clinical Characterization and Founder Effect Analysis in Chinese Patients with Phospholipase A2-Associated Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050517. [PMID: 35624904 PMCID: PMC9138368 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by PLA2G6 mutations. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and mutation spectrum of PLAN and to investigate the founder effects in Chinese PLAN patients. Six Chinese PLAN families were clinically examined in detail and whole-exome sequencing was performed in the probands. Haplotype analysis was performed in five families with the PLA2G6 c.991G > T mutation using 23 single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Furthermore, all previously reported PLA2G6 mutations and patients in China were reviewed to summarize the genetic and clinical features of PLAN. Interestingly, we found that one patient had hereditary spastic paraplegia and showed various atypical clinical characteristics of PLAN, and five patients had a phenotype of parkinsonism. All probands were compound heterozygotes for PLA2G6 variants, including four novel pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations (c.967G > A, c.1450G > T, c.1631T > C, and c.1915delG) and five known pathogenic mutations. Haplotype analyses revealed that patients carrying PLA2G6 c.991G > T mutations shared a haplotype of 717 kb. The frequencies of psychiatric features, cognitive decline, and myoclonus in Chinese patients with PLA2G6-related parkinsonism were significantly different from those in European patients. Thus, our study expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of PLAN and provides an insightful view of the founder effect to better diagnose and understand the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ling Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yi-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
| | - Yan-Yan Xue
- Research Center of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Research Center of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-Y.W.)
| | - Hong-Fu Li
- Research Center of Neurology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China; (Y.-Y.X.); (Z.-Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (N.W.); Tel.: +086-571-87783569 (H.-F.L.); +086-591-87982772 (N.W.)
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China; (H.-L.C.); (Y.-J.C.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Correspondence: (H.-F.L.); (N.W.); Tel.: +086-571-87783569 (H.-F.L.); +086-591-87982772 (N.W.)
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11
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Non-Motor Symptoms in PLA2G6-Associated Dystonia-Parkinsonism: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061590. [PMID: 35329915 PMCID: PMC8950520 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PLA2G6-dystonia-parkinsonism (PLAN-DP) is characterized by levodopa responsive parkinsonism and dystonia. While neuropsychiatric symptoms and early cognitive decline are also common in this entity there is little information regarding other non-motor symptoms (NMS). Here, we describe a 26-year-old patient with PLAN-DP whose motor symptoms were preceded by mild cognitive impairment and anxiety, and who developed many other NMS as the disease evolved. Furthermore, we reviewed the NMS described in all the PLAN-DP patients published to date. A total of 50 patients with PLAN-DP were identified, 42 of whom developed NMS and in 23 of these cases, NMS preceded the motor symptoms of the disease. Neuropsychiatric symptoms dominated the premotor phase of this condition and cognitive impairment/dementia was the most prevalent NMS. Other NMS were reported infrequently like sleep disorders, autonomic symptoms, pain and hyposmia, and mostly as the disease evolved. NMS are very frequent in PLAN-DP and they may appear before diagnosis or during the course of the disease. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline are the most frequent NMS. The appearance of neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety or personality changes prior to a diagnosis of parkinsonism in younger individuals might suggest the presence of PLA2G6 gene mutations.
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12
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Magrinelli F, Mehta S, Di Lazzaro G, Latorre A, Edwards MJ, Balint B, Basu P, Kobylecki C, Groppa S, Hegde A, Mulroy E, Estevez-Fraga C, Arora A, Kumar H, Schneider SA, Lewis PA, Jaunmuktane Z, Revesz T, Gandhi S, Wood NW, Hardy JA, Tinazzi M, Lal V, Houlden H, Bhatia KP. Dissecting the Phenotype and Genotype of PLA2G6-Related Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2022; 37:148-161. [PMID: 34622992 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex parkinsonism is the commonest phenotype in late-onset PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to deeply characterize phenogenotypically PLA2G6-related parkinsonism in the largest cohort ever reported. METHODS We report 14 new cases of PLA2G6-related parkinsonism and perform a systematic literature review. RESULTS PLA2G6-related parkinsonism shows a fairly distinct phenotype based on 86 cases from 68 pedigrees. Young onset (median age, 23.0 years) with parkinsonism/dystonia, gait/balance, and/or psychiatric/cognitive symptoms were common presenting features. Dystonia occurred in 69.4%, pyramidal signs in 77.2%, myoclonus in 65.2%, and cerebellar signs in 44.6% of cases. Early bladder overactivity was present in 71.9% of cases. Cognitive impairment affected 76.1% of cases and psychiatric features 87.1%, the latter being an isolated presenting feature in 20.1%. Parkinsonism was levodopa responsive but complicated by early, often severe dyskinesias. Five patients benefited from deep brain stimulation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings included cerebral (49.3%) and/or cerebellar (43.2%) atrophy, but mineralization was evident in only 28.1%. Presynaptic dopaminergic terminal imaging was abnormal in all where performed. Fifty-four PLA2G6 mutations have hitherto been associated with parkinsonism, including four new variants reported in this article. These are mainly nontruncating, which may explain the phenotypic heterogeneity of childhood- and late-onset PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. In five deceased patients, median disease duration was 13.0 years. Brain pathology in three cases showed mixed Lewy and tau pathology. CONCLUSIONS Biallelic PLA2G6 mutations cause early-onset parkinsonism associated with dystonia, pyramidal and cerebellar signs, myoclonus, and cognitive impairment. Early psychiatric manifestations and bladder overactivity are common. Cerebro/cerebellar atrophy are frequent magnetic resonance imaging features, whereas brain iron deposition is not. Early, severe dyskinesias are a tell-tale sign. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sahil Mehta
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Giulia Di Lazzaro
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Edwards
- Motor Control and Movement Disorders Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Balint
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Purba Basu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Christopher Kobylecki
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sergiu Groppa
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anaita Hegde
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Eoin Mulroy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Estevez-Fraga
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anshita Arora
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanne A Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zane Jaunmuktane
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Gandhi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John A Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Tinazzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vivek Lal
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Toth-Bencsik R, Balicza P, Varga ET, Lengyel A, Rudas G, Gal A, Molnar MJ. New Insights of Phospholipase A2 Associated Neurodegeneration Phenotype Based on the Long-Term Follow-Up of a Large Hungarian Family. Front Genet 2021; 12:628904. [PMID: 34168672 PMCID: PMC8217829 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.628904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phospholipase A2-associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN) is a group of neurodegenerative diseases associated with the alterations of PLA2G6. Some phenotype-genotype association are well known but there is no clear explanation why some cases can be classified into distinct subgroups, while others follow a continuous clinical spectrum. Methods Long-term neurological, and psychiatric follow-up, neuropathological, radiological, and genetic examinations, were performed in three affected girls and their family. Results Two 24-years old twins and their 22-years old sister harbored the p.P622S, and p.R600W mutation in PLA2G6. The age of onset and the most prominent presenting symptoms (gaze palsy, ataxia, dystonia, psychomotor regression indicated atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD), however, optic atrophy, severe tetraparesis would fit into infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD). All siblings had hyperintensity in the globi pallidi and substantiae nigrae which is reported in ANAD, whereas it is considered a later neuroradiological marker in INAD. The slow progression, rigidity, bradykinesis, and the prominent psychiatric symptoms indicate PLA2G6-related dystonia-parkinsonism. Abnormal mitochondria, lipid accumulation and axonal spheroids were observed in the muscle and nerve tissue. Brain deposition appeared 6 years following the initial cerebellar atrophy. Mild MRI alterations were detected in the asymptomatic carrier parents. Conclusion The colorful clinical symptoms, the slightly discordant phenotype, and the neuroimaging data in the family supports the view that despite the distinct definition of age-related phenotypes in PLAN, these are not strict disease categories, but rather a continuous phenotypic spectrum. The mild MRI alterations of the parents and the family history suggest that even heterozygous pathogenic variants might be associated with clinical symptoms, although systematic study is needed to prove this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Toth-Bencsik
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Balicza
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Timea Varga
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andras Lengyel
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Rudas
- MR Research Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aniko Gal
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Judit Molnar
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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14
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Gunay A, Shin HH, Gozutok O, Gautam M, Ozdinler PH. Importance of lipids for upper motor neuron health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:92-104. [PMID: 33323321 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Building evidence reveals the importance of maintaining lipid homeostasis for the health and function of neurons, and upper motor neurons (UMNs) are no exception. UMNs are critically important for the initiation and modulation of voluntary movement as they are responsible for conveying cerebral cortex' input to spinal cord targets. To maintain their unique cytoarchitecture with a prominent apical dendrite and a very long axon, UMNs require a stable cell membrane, a lipid bilayer. Lipids can act as building blocks for many biomolecules, and they also contribute to the production of energy. Therefore, UMNs require sustained control over the production, utilization and homeostasis of lipids. Perturbations of lipid homeostasis lead to UMN vulnerability and progressive degeneration in diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Here, we discuss the importance of lipids, especially for UMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksu Gunay
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Heather H Shin
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Oge Gozutok
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - P Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611.
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15
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Intermediate phenotype of ATP13A2 mutation in two Chilean siblings: Towards a continuum between parkinsonism and hereditary spastic paraplegia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 81:45-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Chu YT, Lin HY, Chen PL, Lin CH. Genotype-phenotype correlations of adult-onset PLA2G6-associated Neurodegeneration: case series and literature review. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:101. [PMID: 32183746 PMCID: PMC7076921 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6) mutations associated with neurodegeneration (PLAN) manifest as heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders with variable ages of onset. The genotype-phenotype correlation is not well-established. We aim to describe three adult patients with PLAN and combined these data with results from previous studies to elucidate adult-onset PLA2G6 phenotype-genotype correlations. Case presentations The first index patient presented with dystonia-parkinsonism starting at age 31 years, accompanied by major depression and cognitive decline. Genetic analysis using targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel, Sanger sequencing, and segregation analyses revealed a compound heterozygous mutation, c.991G > T (p.D331Y)/c.1077G > A (M358IfsX), in PLA2G6. The other two patients had levodopa-responsive, early-onset parkinsonism, starting in their late twenties. Both patients had homozygous c.991G > T (p.D331Y) mutations in PLA2G6. Patient characteristics of our reported 3 cases were compared to those of 32 previously described (2008 to 2019) patients with adult-onset PLAN. Among the combined cohort of 35 patients with adult-onset PLAN, 14 had dystonia-parkinsonism, 17 had early-onset Parkinson’s disease, 3 had hereditary spastic paraparesis, and one had ataxia. The c.991G > T (p. D331Y) mutation was almost exclusively found in Chinese patients, suggesting a common founder effect. All patients with homozygous p.D331Y mutations had levodopa-responsive, early-onset PD (100%); while other mutations mostly led to dystonia-parkinsonism, ataxia, spasticity, and combine psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusions We showed that adult-onset PLAN could present as purely parkinsonism features, without brain iron accumulation, particularly patients with homozygous p.D331Y mutations. Compound heterozygous mutations, including heterozygous p.D331Y, produced heterogeneous phenotypes, without obvious levodopa responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tsai Chu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
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17
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Park JK, Youn J, Cho JW. Intrafamilial variability and clinical heterogeneity in a family with PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2019.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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[Clinical features of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy and PLA2G6 gene testing]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019. [PMID: 31506141 PMCID: PMC7390253 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease. Two boys aged 3 years and 4 years and 2 months respectively, were admitted to the hospital due to delayed mental and motor development. There were no abnormalities at birth, and both children had low muscle strength and tension on admission. One child was not able to stand alone and had impaired vision. Electromyography showed neurogenic damage, and head MRI revealed cerebellar atrophy. High-throughput sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the PLA2G6 gene in the two children. The mutations (IVS11-1G>T and c.1984C>G) in one child were new mutations, and immunohistochemistry showed a reduction in the protein expression of PLAG6 in the muscular tissue of this child. INAD has the main clinical manifestations of psychomotor developmental regression and cerebellar atrophy. High-throughput sequencing can help with clinical diagnosis.
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19
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Increased Diagnostic Yield of Spastic Paraplegia with or Without Cerebellar Ataxia Through Whole-Genome Sequencing. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:781-790. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-019-01038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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20
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Ji Y, Li Y, Shi C, Gao Y, Yang J, Liang D, Yang Z, Xu Y. Identification of a novel mutation in PLA2G6 gene and phenotypic heterogeneity analysis of PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 65:159-164. [PMID: 31196701 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study reports a novel mutation site of the phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6) gene, and analyzes the information of 67 previously published cases to elucidate PLA2G6 phenotype-genotype variations. METHODS We collected clinical data and examined gene mutation sites from one Chinese patient with adult-onset ataxia and her family. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing were used to verify possible mutations. PolyPhen-2, SIFT, and MutationTaster were used to predict their pathogenicity. For analyzing the distribution frequency of the mutation, 597 healthy controls were recruited. We also analyzed the clinical and genetic information of 67 cases from 23 studies in Pubmed database. RESULTS A novel compound heterozygous mutation of the PLA2G6 gene, c.1648delC and c.991G > T, was found in the Chinese patient, and classified as pathogenic. The c.1648delC variation was absent in ExAC, 1000G, dbSNP databases and the 597 healthy controls. Of the 67 cases, 29 presented ataxia. The signs of cerebellar atrophy appeared in the MRIs of most patients, while signs of iron accumulation were absent in older-aged patients with a compound heterozygous mutation. Thirty-eight patients showed no ataxia. A negative or mild extrapyramidal symptom accompanied by a low age, a homogenous mutation, while moderate or severe extrapyramidal symptoms were associated with an old age and a compound heterozygous mutation. CONCLUSION A novel compound heterozygous mutation of the PLA2G6 gene, c.1648delC and c.991G > T, is associated with adult onset ataxia. Phenotype-genotype variations of PLA2G6 are predicted to be caused by the loss of protein or enzyme activity of phospholipase-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Dongyi Liang
- The Medical College of ZhengZhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450050, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- The Medical College of ZhengZhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450050, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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21
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Guo YP, Tang BS, Guo JF. PLA2G6-Associated Neurodegeneration (PLAN): Review of Clinical Phenotypes and Genotypes. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1100. [PMID: 30619057 PMCID: PMC6305538 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 group VI (PLA2G6)-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) includes a series of neurodegenerative diseases that result from the mutations in PLA2G6. PLAN has genetic and clinical heterogeneity, with different mutation sites, mutation types and ethnicities and its clinical phenotype is different. The clinical phenotypes and genotypes of PLAN are closely intertwined and vary widely. PLA2G6 encodes a group of VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 proteins (iPLA2β), an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism. According to the age of onset and progressive clinical features, PLAN can be classified into the following subtypes: infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (ANAD) and parkinsonian syndrome which contains adult onset dystonia parkinsonism (DP) and autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism (AREP). In this review, we present an overview of PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration in the context of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pei Guo
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University and Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Feng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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22
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Bis-Brewer DM, Züchner S. Perspectives on the Genomics of HSP Beyond Mendelian Inheritance. Front Neurol 2018; 9:958. [PMID: 30534106 PMCID: PMC6275194 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia is an extraordinarily heterogeneous disease caused by over 50 Mendelian genes. Recent applications of next-generation sequencing, large scale data analysis, and data sharing/matchmaking, have discovered a quickly expanding set of additional HSP genes. Since most recently discovered HSP genes are rare causes of the disease, there is a growing concern of a persisting diagnostic gap, estimated at 30-40%, and even higher for sporadic cases. This missing heritability may not be fully closed by classic Mendelian mutations in protein coding genes. Here we show strategies and published examples of broadening areas of attention for Mendelian and non-Mendelian causes of HSP. We suggest a more inclusive perspective on the potential final architecture of HSP genomics. Efforts to narrow the heritability gap will ultimately lead to more precise and comprehensive genetic diagnoses, which is the starting point for emerging, highly specific gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Bis-Brewer
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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23
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Turk J, White TD, Nelson AJ, Lei X, Ramanadham S. iPLA 2β and its role in male fertility, neurological disorders, metabolic disorders, and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:846-860. [PMID: 30408523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+-independent phospholipases, designated as group VI iPLA2s, also referred to as PNPLAs due to their shared homology with patatin, include the β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, and η forms of the enzyme. The iPLA2s are ubiquitously expressed, share a consensus GXSXG catalytic motif, and exhibit organelle/cell-specific localization. Among the iPLA2s, iPLA2β has received wide attention as it is recognized to be involved in membrane remodeling, cell proliferation, cell death, and signal transduction. Ongoing studies implicate participation of iPLA2β in a variety of disease processes including cancer, cardiovascular abnormalities, glaucoma, and peridonditis. This review will focus on iPLA2β and its links to male fertility, neurological disorders, metabolic disorders, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Turk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Tayleur D White
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Alexander J Nelson
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Sasanka Ramanadham
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America.
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Darling A, Aguilera-Albesa S, Tello CA, Serrano M, Tomás M, Camino-León R, Fernández-Ramos J, Jiménez-Escrig A, Poó P, O'Callaghan M, Ortez C, Nascimento A, Fernández Mesaque RC, Madruga M, Arrabal L, Roldan S, Gómez-Martín H, Garrido C, Temudo T, Jou-Muñoz C, Muchart J, Huisman TAGM, Poretti A, Lupo V, Espinós C, Pérez-Dueñas B. PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration: New insights into brain abnormalities and disease progression. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 61:179-186. [PMID: 30340910 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) comprises a continuum of three phenotypes with overlapping clinical and radiologic features. METHODS Observational clinical study in a cohort of infantile and childhood onset PLAN patients and genetic analysis of the PLA2G6 gene. We analysed chronological evolution in terms of age at onset and disease course through a 66-item questionnaire. We performed qualitative and quantitative assessment of MRI abnormalities and searched for clinical and radiological phenotype and genotype correlations. RESULTS Sixteen PLAN patients (mean age: 10.2 years, range 3-33) were evaluated, with a median onset (years) of signs/symptoms as follows: neurological regression (1.5), oculomotor abnormalities (1.5), hypotonia (1.8), gait loss (2.2), pyramidal signs (3.0), axonal neuropathy (3.0), dysphagia (4.0), optic atrophy (4.0), psychiatric symptoms (4.0), seizures (5.9), joint contractures (6.0), dystonia (8.0), bladder dysfunction (13.0) and parkinsonism (15.0). MRI assessment identified cerebellar atrophy (19/19), brain iron deposition (10/19), clava hypertrophy (8/19) and T2/FLAIR hyperintensity of the cerebellar cortex (6/19). The mid-sagittal vermis relative diameter (MVRD) correlated with age at onset of clinical variants, meaning that the earlier the onset, the more severe the cerebellar atrophy. All patients harboured missense, nonsense and frameshift mutations in PLA2G6, including four novel variants. CONCLUSIONS Cerebellar atrophy was a universal radiological sign in infantile and childhood onset PLAN, and correlated with the severity of the phenotype. Iron accumulation within the globus pallidum and substantia nigra was also a common and strikingly uniform feature regardless of the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Darling
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Aguilera-Albesa
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Aisha Tello
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Serrano
- Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Miguel Tomás
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Camino-León
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Pilar Poó
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar O'Callaghan
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ortez
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Madruga
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luisa Arrabal
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Susana Roldan
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Hilario Gómez-Martín
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Spain
| | - Cristina Garrido
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Centro Materno-Infantil, Centro Hospitalario do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Temudo
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Centro Materno-Infantil, Centro Hospitalario do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Jou-Muñoz
- Pathology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Jordi Muchart
- Neuroradiology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Division of Pediatric Radiology and Pediatric Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vincenzo Lupo
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez-Dueñas
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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25
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Koh K, Ichinose Y, Ishiura H, Nan H, Mitsui J, Takahashi J, Sato W, Itoh Y, Hoshino K, Tsuji S, Takiyama Y. PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration presenting as a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. J Hum Genet 2018; 64:55-59. [PMID: 30302010 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) comprises heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders, including infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy, neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B, and Parkinson disease 14 (PARK14). In addition, very recently, PLA2G6 mutations have been reported to represent a phenotype of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). In this study, we screened 383 HSP families to clarify the frequency of PLA2G6 mutations in the Japan Spastic Paraplegia Research Consortium, and revealed the clinical characteristics of HSP with PLA2G6 mutations. We found three families with compound heterozygous mutations of the PLA2G6 gene, c.517 C > T/c.1634A > G, c.662 T > C/c.991 G > T, and c.1187-2 A > G/c.1933C > T, and one family with a homozygous mutation of the PLA2G6 gene, c.1904G > A/c.1904G > A. All three families with compound heterozygous mutations presented a uniform phenotype of a complicated form of HSP with infantile/child-onset spastic paraplegia, cerebellar ataxia, and mental retardation. On the other hand, the family with a homozygous mutation presented a late-onset complicated form of HSP with parkinsonism. This study may extend the clinical and genetic findings for PLAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuta Ichinose
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haitian Nan
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Wakiro Sato
- Department of Immunology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Itoh
- Department of Neurology, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hoshino
- Department of Pediatrics, Minamiwakayama Medical Center, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International University of Health and Welfare Graduate School, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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27
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A Missense Mutation in the Vacuolar Protein Sorting 11 ( VPS11) Gene Is Associated with Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in Rottweiler Dogs. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:2773-2780. [PMID: 29945969 PMCID: PMC6071611 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Canine neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) is a recessive, degenerative neurological disease of young adult Rottweiler dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) characterized pathologically by axonal spheroids primarily targeting sensory axon terminals. A genome-wide association study of seven Rottweilers affected with NAD and 42 controls revealed a significantly associated region on canine chromosome 5 (CFA 5). Homozygosity within the associated region narrowed the critical interval to a 4.46 Mb haplotype (CFA5:11.28 Mb – 15.75 Mb; CanFam3.1) that associated with the phenotype. Whole-genome sequencing of two histopathologically confirmed canine NAD cases and 98 dogs unaffected with NAD revealed a homozygous missense mutation within the Vacuolar Protein Sorting 11 (VPS11) gene (g.14777774T > C; p.H835R) that was associated with the phenotype. These findings present the opportunity for an antemortem test for confirming NAD in Rottweilers where the allele frequency was estimated at 2.3%. VPS11 mutations have been associated with a degenerative leukoencephalopathy in humans, and VSP11 should additionally be included as a candidate gene for unexplained cases of human NAD.
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28
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R106C TFG variant causes infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy "plus" syndrome. Neurogenetics 2018; 19:179-187. [PMID: 29971521 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-018-0552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TFG (tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene) encodes an essential protein in the regulation of vesicular trafficking between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The homozygous variant c.316C > T within TFG has been previously associated with a complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) phenotype in two unrelated Indian families. Here, we describe the first Italian family with two affected siblings harboring the same variant, who in childhood were classified as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) based on clinical and neuropathological findings. Twenty years after the first diagnosis, exome sequencing was instrumental to identify the genetic cause of this disorder and clinical follow-up of patients allowed us to reconstruct the natural history of this clinical entity. Investigations on patient's fibroblasts demonstrate the presence of altered mitochondrial network and inner membrane potential, associated with metabolic impairment. Our study highlights phenotypic heterogeneity characterizing individuals carrying the same pathogenic variant in TFG and provides an insight on tight connection linking mitochondrial efficiency and neuronal health to vesicular trafficking.
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29
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Novel PLA2G6 mutations and clinical heterogeneity in Chinese cases with phospholipase A2-associated neurodegeneration. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 49:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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30
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Schüle R. Reply: Complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia due to ATP13A2 mutations: what's in a name? Brain 2017; 140:e74. [PMID: 29112700 PMCID: PMC5841037 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Schüle
- Center for Neurology and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Tello C, Darling A, Lupo V, Pérez-Dueñas B, Espinós C. On the complexity of clinical and molecular bases of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Clin Genet 2017; 93:731-740. [PMID: 28542792 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) is a group of inherited heterogeneous neurodegenerative rare disorders. These patients present with dystonia, spasticity, parkinsonism and neuropsychiatric disturbances, along with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of iron accumulation. In sum, they are devastating disorders and to date, there is no specific treatment. Ten NBIA genes are accepted: PANK2, PLA2G6, C19orf12, COASY, FA2H, ATP13A2, WDR45, FTL, CP, and DCAF17; and nonetheless, a relevant percentage of patients remain without genetic diagnosis, suggesting that other novel NBIA genes remain to be discovered. Overlapping complex clinical pictures render an accurate differential diagnosis difficult. Little is known about the pathophysiology of NBIAs. The reported NBIA genes take part in a variety of pathways: CoA synthesis, lipid and iron metabolism, autophagy, and membrane remodeling. The next-generation sequencing revolution has achieved relevant advances in genetics of Mendelian diseases and provide new genes for NBIAs, which are investigated according to 2 main strategies: genes involved in disorders with similar phenotype and genes that play a role in a pathway of interest. To achieve an effective therapy for NBIA patients, a better understanding of the biological process underlying disease is crucial, moving toward a new age of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tello
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - A Darling
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Unit U703, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Lupo
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - B Pérez-Dueñas
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Unit U703, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Espinós
- Unit of Genetics and Genomics of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
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32
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Morais S, Raymond L, Mairey M, Coutinho P, Brandão E, Ribeiro P, Loureiro JL, Sequeiros J, Brice A, Alonso I, Stevanin G. Massive sequencing of 70 genes reveals a myriad of missing genes or mechanisms to be uncovered in hereditary spastic paraplegias. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 25:1217-1228. [PMID: 28832565 PMCID: PMC5643959 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2017.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by lower limb spasticity and weakness that can be complicated by other neurological or non-neurological signs. Despite a high genetic heterogeneity (>60 causative genes), 40–70% of the families remain without a molecular diagnosis. Analysis of one of the pioneer cohorts of 193 HSP families generated in the early 1990s in Portugal highlighted that SPAST and SPG11 are the most frequent diagnoses. We have now explored 98 unsolved families from this series using custom next generation sequencing panels analyzing up to 70 candidate HSP genes. We identified the likely disease-causing variant in 20 of the 98 families with KIF5A being the most frequently mutated gene. We also found 52 variants of unknown significance (VUS) in 38% of the cases. These new diagnoses resulted in 42% of solved cases in the full Portuguese cohort (81/193). Segregation of the variants was not always compatible with the presumed inheritance, indicating that the analysis of all HSP genes regardless of the inheritance mode can help to explain some cases. Our results show that there is still a large set of unknown genes responsible for HSP and most likely novel mechanisms or inheritance modes leading to the disease to be uncovered, but this will require international collaborative efforts, particularly for the analysis of VUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Morais
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INSERM, U 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Laure Raymond
- INSERM, U 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Mairey
- INSERM, U 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Paula Coutinho
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Brandão
- Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Paula Ribeiro
- Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - José Leal Loureiro
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Neurologia, Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Jorge Sequeiros
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM, U 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Alonso
- UnIGENe, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- INSERM, U 1127, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS_1127, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
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Synofzik M, Schüle R. Overcoming the divide between ataxias and spastic paraplegias: Shared phenotypes, genes, and pathways. Mov Disord 2017; 32:332-345. [PMID: 28195350 PMCID: PMC6287914 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant spinocerebellar ataxias, autosomal-recessive spinocerebellar ataxias, and hereditary spastic paraplegias have traditionally been designated in separate clinicogenetic disease classifications. This classification system still largely frames clinical thinking and genetic workup in clinical practice. Yet, with the advent of next-generation sequencing, phenotypically unbiased studies have revealed the limitations of this classification system. Various genes (eg, SPG7, SYNE1, PNPLA6) traditionally rooted in either the ataxia or hereditary spastic paraplegia classification system have now been shown to cause ataxia on the one end of the disease continuum and hereditary spastic paraplegia on the other. Other genes such as GBA2 and KIF1C were almost simultaneously published as both a hereditary spastic paraplegia and an ataxia gene. The variability and fluidity of observed phenotypes along the ataxia-spasticity spectrum warrants a rethinking of the traditional classification system. We propose to replace this divisive diagnosis-driven ataxia and hereditary spastic paraplegia classification system by a descriptive, unbiased approach of modular phenotyping. This approach is also open to expansion of the phenotype beyond ataxia and spasticity, which often occur as part of broader multisystem neuronal dysfunction. The concept of a continuous ataxia-spasticity disease spectrum is further supported by ataxias and hereditary spastic paraplegias sharing not only overlapping phenotypes and underlying genes, but also common cellular pathways and disease mechanisms. This suggests a shared vulnerability of cerebellar and corticospinal neurons for common pathophysiological processes. It might be this mechanistic overlap that drives their clinical overlap. A mechanistically inspired classification system will help to pave the way for mechanism-based strategies for drug development. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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