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Ma J, Wang J, Wang G, Wan Y, Li N, Luo L, Gou H, Gu J. The potential beneficial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum GM11 on rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress- induced depression. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:413-424. [PMID: 37116073 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2205742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main purpose of the present study was to assess the beneficial effect of Lactobacillus plantarum GM11 (LacP GM11), screened from Sichuan traditional fermented food, in depressive rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). METHODS Male SPF SD rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the control group, CUMS group and CUMS + LacP GM11 group (n = 10). The rats in the CUMS and LacP GM11 groups received CUMS stimulation for 42 d. The behavioral tests and levels of monoamine neurotransmitter, glucocorticoid hormone and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the serum and hippocampus were measured. The effects of LacP GM11 on the mRNA and protein expression of BDNF and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus were also investigated. RESULTS After supplementation for 21 d, LacP GM11 was associated with alleviation of depressive-like behavior, not anxiety-like behavior, in depressive rats. LacP GM11 increased the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and BDNF and decreased the level of cortisol (CORT) in the serum and hippocampus in depressed rats. In addition, treatment with LacP GM11 also increased the mRNA and protein expression of BDNF and CREB in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS This work has revealed that LacP GM11 has potential beneficial effects on depression. This effect might be related to alleviating monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency, HPA axis hyperfunction and CREB-BDNF signaling pathway downregulation. This study demonstrates that LacP GM11 could be a potential therapeutic approach to treat depression and other mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Department of Research and Development, Weichuang Tianyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junrui Wang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Wan
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanzhen Li
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Gou
- Sichuan Food Fermentation Industry Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Matta T, Bhatia R, Joshi SR, Bishnoi M, Chopra K, Kondepudi KK. GABA synthesizing lactic acid bacteria and genomic analysis of Levilactobacillus brevis LAB6. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:62. [PMID: 38344283 PMCID: PMC10850046 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) production ability of 20 Lactobacillus and 25 Bifidobacterium strains which were previously isolated in our laboratory. Effect of initial pH, incubation time, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) concentration for highest GABA production by two potent bacterial strains, Levilactobacillus brevis LAB6 and Limosilactobacillus fermentum LAB19 were optimized in the MRS media. A threefold increase in GABA production at an initial pH 4.0, incubation time of 120 h in medium supplemented with 3% MSG and 400 μM of PLP for LAB6 and 300 μM for LAB19 lead to the production of 19.67 ± 0.28 and 20.77 ± 0.14 g/L of GABA, respectively. Coculturing both strains under optimized conditions led to a GABA yield of 20.02 ± 0.17 g/L. Owing to potent anti-inflammatory activity in-vitro, as reported previously, and highest GABA production ability of LAB6 (MTCC 25662), its whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis was carried out for mining genes related to GABA metabolism. LAB6 harbored a complete glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) gene system comprising gadA, gadB, and gadC as well as genes responsible for the beneficial probiotic traits, such as for acid and bile tolerance and host adhesion. Comparative genomic analysis of LAB6 with 28 completely sequenced Levilactobacillus brevis strains revealed the presence of 95 strain-specific genes-families that was significantly higher than most other L. brevis strains. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03918-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Matta
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Ruchika Bhatia
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Santa Ram Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022 India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Regional Centre of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Healthy Gut Research Group, Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods, Food and Nutrition Biotechnology Laboratory, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Regional Centre of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
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Bauer KC, Trehan R, Ruf B, Myojin Y, Benmebarek MR, Ma C, Seifert M, Nur A, Qi J, Huang P, Soliman M, Green BL, Wabitsch S, Springer DA, Rodriguez-Matos FJ, Ghabra S, Gregory SN, Matta J, Dawson B, Golino J, Xie C, Dzutsev A, Trinchieri G, Korangy F, Greten TF. The Gut Microbiome Controls Liver Tumors via the Vagus Nerve. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576951. [PMID: 38328040 PMCID: PMC10849697 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer ranks amongst the deadliest cancers. Nerves have emerged as an understudied regulator of tumor progression. The parasympathetic vagus nerve influences systemic immunity via acetylcholine (ACh). Whether cholinergic neuroimmune interactions influence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain. Liver denervation via hepatic vagotomy (HV) significantly reduced liver tumor burden, while pharmacological enhancement of parasympathetic tone promoted tumor growth. Cholinergic disruption in Rag1KO mice revealed that cholinergic regulation requires adaptive immunity. Further scRNA-seq and in vitro studies indicated that vagal ACh dampens CD8+ T cell activity via muscarinic ACh receptor (AChR) CHRM3. Depletion of CD8+ T cells abrogated HV outcomes and selective deletion of Chrm3 on CD8 + T cells inhibited liver tumor growth. Beyond tumor-specific outcomes, vagotomy improved cancer-associated fatigue and anxiety-like behavior. As microbiota transplantation from HCC donors was sufficient to impair behavior, we investigated putative microbiota-neuroimmune crosstalk. Tumor, rather than vagotomy, robustly altered fecal bacterial composition, increasing Desulfovibrionales and Clostridial taxa. Strikingly, in tumor-free mice, vagotomy permitted HCC-associated microbiota to activate hepatic CD8+ T cells. These findings reveal that gut bacteria influence behavior and liver anti-tumor immunity via a dynamic and pharmaceutically targetable, vagus-liver axis.
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4
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Lu H, Zhang H, Wu Z, Li L. Microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis and hepatic encephalopathy. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:17. [PMID: 38841407 PMCID: PMC11149093 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a clinical manifestation of neurological and psychiatric abnormalities that are caused by complications of liver dysfunction including hyperammonemia, hyperuricemia, and portal hypertension. Accumulating evidence suggests that HE could be reversed through therapeutic modifications of gut microbiota. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that gut microbiome affects the physiological function of the liver, such as the regulation of metabolism, secretion, and immunity, through the gut-liver crosstalk. In addition, gut microbiota also influences the brain through the gut-brain crosstalk, altering its physiological functions including the regulation of the immune, neuroendocrine, and vagal pathways. Thus, key molecules that are involved in the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis might be able to serve as clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis of HE, and could be effective therapeutic targets for clinical interventions. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of HE and further propose approaches modulating the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevention and potential clinical treatment for HE with a microbiota-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Riehl L, Fürst J, Kress M, Rykalo N. The importance of the gut microbiome and its signals for a healthy nervous system and the multifaceted mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1302957. [PMID: 38249593 PMCID: PMC10797776 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1302957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence links the gut microbiome and the nervous system in health and disease. This narrative review discusses current views on the interaction between the gut microbiota, the intestinal epithelium, and the brain, and provides an overview of the communication routes and signals of the bidirectional interactions between gut microbiota and the brain, including circulatory, immunological, neuroanatomical, and neuroendocrine pathways. Similarities and differences in healthy gut microbiota in humans and mice exist that are relevant for the translational gap between non-human model systems and patients. There is an increasing spectrum of metabolites and neurotransmitters that are released and/or modulated by the gut microbiota in both homeostatic and pathological conditions. Dysbiotic disruptions occur as consequences of critical illnesses such as cancer, cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease but also neurological, mental, and pain disorders, as well as ischemic and traumatic brain injury. Changes in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) and a concomitant imbalance in the release of mediators may be cause or consequence of diseases of the central nervous system and are increasingly emerging as critical links to the disruption of healthy physiological function, alterations in nutrition intake, exposure to hypoxic conditions and others, observed in brain disorders. Despite the generally accepted importance of the gut microbiome, the bidirectional communication routes between brain and gut are not fully understood. Elucidating these routes and signaling pathways in more detail offers novel mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology and multifaceted aspects of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nadiia Rykalo
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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6
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Thornton T, Mills D, Bliss E. The impact of lipopolysaccharide on cerebrovascular function and cognition resulting from obesity-induced gut dysbiosis. Life Sci 2024; 336:122337. [PMID: 38072189 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic coinciding with a concomitant increase in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly dementia. Obesity is characterised by increased adiposity, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, which promote endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction reduces cerebrovascular function leading to reduced cerebral blood flow and, eventually, cognitive decline, thus predisposing to a neurodegenerative disease. Obesity is also characterised by gut dysbiosis and a subsequent increase in the lipopolysaccharide which increasingly activates toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and further promotes chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. This also disrupts the crosstalk within the gut-brain axis, thus influencing the functions of the central nervous system, including cognition. However, the mechanisms by which obesity-related increases in oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are driven by, or associated with, increased systemic lipopolysaccharide leading to reduced cerebrovascular function and cognition, beyond normal ageing, have not been elucidated. Hence, this review examines how increased concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and the subsequent increased TLR4 activation observed in obesity exacerbate the development of obesity-induced reductions in cerebrovascular function and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Thornton
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia.
| | - Dean Mills
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Molecular Biomarkers Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Edward Bliss
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; Molecular Biomarkers Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
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7
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Ross K. Psychobiotics: Are they the future intervention for managing depression and anxiety? A literature review. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:669-680. [PMID: 36868988 PMCID: PMC9940471 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mental health is a public health concern among professional organizations, clinicians, and consumers alike, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Indeed, the World Health Organization has identified mental health as an epidemic of the 21st century contributing to the global health burden, which highlights the urgency to develop economical, accessible, minimally invasive interventions to effectively manage depression, anxiety, and stress. Nutritional approaches, including the use of probiotics and psychobiotics to manage depression and anxiety, have elicited interest in recent years. This review aimed to summarize evidence from studies including animal models, cell cultures, and human subjects. Overall, the current evidence suggests that 1) Specific strains of probiotics can reduce depressive symptoms and anxiety; 2) Symptoms may be reduced through one or more possible mechanisms of action, including impact on the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and GABA, modulation of inflammatory cytokines, or enhancing stress responses through effects on stress hormones and the HPA axis; and 3) While psychobiotics may offer therapeutic benefits to manage depression and anxiety, further research, particularly human studies, is needed to better characterize their mode of action and understand optimal dosing in the context of nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ross
- Sonoran University of Health Sciences, 2140 E. Broadway Rd. Tempe, AZ 85282, United States.
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8
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Villatoro-Castañeda M, Forsburg ZR, Ortiz W, Fritts SR, Gabor CR, Carlos-Shanley C. Exposure to Roundup and Antibiotics Alters Gut Microbial Communities, Growth, and Behavior in Rana berlandieri Tadpoles. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1171. [PMID: 37759571 PMCID: PMC10525943 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is important for digestion, host fitness, and defense against pathogens, which provides a tool for host health assessment. Amphibians and their microbiomes are highly susceptible to pollutants including antibiotics. We explored the role of an unmanipulated gut microbiome on tadpole fitness and phenotype by comparing tadpoles of Rana berlandieri in a control group (1) with tadpoles exposed to: (2) Roundup® (glyphosate active ingredient), (3) antibiotic cocktail (enrofloxacin, sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and penicillin), and (4) a combination of Roundup and antibiotics. Tadpoles in the antibiotic and combination treatments had the smallest dorsal body area and were the least active compared to control and Roundup-exposed tadpoles, which were less active than control tadpoles. The gut microbial community significantly changed across treatments at the alpha, beta, and core bacterial levels. However, we did not find significant differences between the antibiotic- and combination-exposed tadpoles, suggesting that antibiotic alone was enough to suppress growth, change behavior, and alter the gut microbiome composition. Here, we demonstrate that the gut microbial communities of tadpoles are sensitive to environmental pollutants, namely Roundup and antibiotics, which may have consequences for host phenotype and fitness via altered behavior and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Villatoro-Castañeda
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Zachery R. Forsburg
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
- Archbold Biological Station, 123 Main Dr., Venus, FL 33960, USA
| | - Whitney Ortiz
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Sarah R. Fritts
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Caitlin R. Gabor
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
| | - Camila Carlos-Shanley
- Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USA; (M.V.-C.); (Z.R.F.); (W.O.); (S.R.F.); (C.C.-S.)
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9
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Hunter S, Flaten E, Petersen C, Gervain J, Werker JF, Trainor LJ, Finlay BB. Babies, bugs and brains: How the early microbiome associates with infant brain and behavior development. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288689. [PMID: 37556397 PMCID: PMC10411758 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence is demonstrating the connection between the microbiota gut-brain axis and neurodevelopment. Microbiota colonization occurs before the maturation of many neural systems and is linked to brain health. Because of this it has been hypothesized that the early microbiome interactions along the gut-brain axis evolved to promote advanced cognitive functions and behaviors. Here, we performed a pilot study with a multidisciplinary approach to test if the microbiota composition of infants is associated with measures of early cognitive development, in particular neural rhythm tracking; language (forward speech) versus non-language (backwards speech) discrimination; and social joint attention. Fecal samples were collected from 56 infants between four and six months of age and sequenced by shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Of these, 44 performed the behavioral Point and Gaze test to measure joint attention. Infants were tested on either language discrimination using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS; 25 infants had usable data) or neural rhythm tracking using electroencephalogram (EEG; 15 had usable data). Infants who succeeded at the Point and Gaze test tended to have increased Actinobacteria and reduced Firmicutes at the phylum level; and an increase in Bifidobacterium and Eggerthella along with a reduction in Hungatella and Streptococcus at the genus level. Measurements of neural rhythm tracking associated negatively to the abundance of Bifidobacterium and positively to the abundance of Clostridium and Enterococcus for the bacterial abundances, and associated positively to metabolic pathways that can influence neurodevelopment, including branched chain amino acid biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathways. No associations were found for the fNIRS language discrimination measurements. Although the tests were underpowered due to the small pilot sample sizes, potential associations were identified between the microbiome and measurements of early cognitive development that are worth exploring further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hunter
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erica Flaten
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Judit Gervain
- University of Padua, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Padua, Italy
- University of Padua, Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua, Italy
- Université Paris Cité & CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, Paris, France
| | - Janet F. Werker
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laurel J. Trainor
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Music and the Mind, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brett B. Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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10
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Kuneš J, Hojná S, Mráziková L, Montezano A, Touyz RM, Maletínská L. Obesity, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Potential Common Mechanisms. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S73-S90. [PMID: 37565414 PMCID: PMC10660578 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the incidence of obesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's disease, is related to many factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle and aging populations. However, the interconnection between these diseases is not entirely clear, and it is unknown whether common mechanisms underlie these conditions. Moreover, there are currently no fully effective therapies for obesity and neurodegeneration. While there has been extensive research in preclinical models addressing these issues, the experimental findings have not been translated to the clinic. Another challenge relates to the time of onset of individual diseases, which may not be easily identified, since there are no specific indicators or biomarkers that define disease onset. Hence knowing when to commence preventive treatment is unclear. This is especially pertinent in neurodegenerative diseases, where the onset of the disease may be subtle and occur decades before the signs and symptoms manifest. In metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the risk may occur in-utero, in line with the concept of fetal programming. This review provides a brief overview of the link between obesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and discusses potential common mechanisms including the role of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuneš
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic. . Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Québac, Canada,
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11
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Jędrusiak A, Fortuna W, Majewska J, Górski A, Jończyk-Matysiak E. Phage Interactions with the Nervous System in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1720. [PMID: 37443756 PMCID: PMC10341288 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system manages all of our activities (e.g., direct thinking and decision-making processes). It receives information from the environment and responds to environmental stimuli. Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages, phages) are the most numerous structures occurring in the biosphere and are also found in the human organism. Therefore, understanding how phages may influence this system is of great importance and is the purpose of this review. We have focused on the effect of natural bacteriophages in the central nervous system, linking them to those present in the gut microbiota, creating the gut-brain axis network, as well as their interdependence. Importantly, based on the current knowledge in the field of phage application (e.g., intranasal) in the treatment of bacterial diseases associated with the brain and nervous system, bacteriophages may have significant therapeutic potential. Moreover, it was indicated that bacteriophages may influence cognitive processing. In addition, phages (via phage display technology) appear promising as a targeted therapeutic tool in the treatment of, among other things, brain cancers. The information collected and reviewed in this work indicates that phages and their impact on the nervous system is a fascinating and, so far, underexplored field. Therefore, the aim of this review is not only to summarize currently available information on the association of phages with the nervous system, but also to stimulate future studies that could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches potentially useful in treating bacterial and non-bacterial neural diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jędrusiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Wojciech Fortuna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 54-427 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Majewska
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Górski
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
- Phage Therapy Unit, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
- Infant Jesus Hospital, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (A.G.)
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12
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Liu D, Wang Q, Li Y, Yuan Z, Liu Z, Guo J, Li X, Zhang W, Tao Y, Mei J. Fructus gardeniae ameliorates anxiety-like behaviors induced by sleep deprivation via regulating hippocampal metabolomics and gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1167312. [PMID: 37377643 PMCID: PMC10291143 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1167312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructus gardeniae (FG) is a traditional Chinese medicine and health food for thousands of years of application throughout Chinese history and is still widely used in clinical Chinese medicine. FG has a beneficial impact on anxiety, depression, insomnia, and psychiatric disorders; however, its mechanism of action requires further investigation. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of FG on sleep deprivation (SD)-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats. A model of SD-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). This was accompanied by neuroinflammation and metabolic abnormalities in the hippocampus and disturbance of intestinal microbiota. However reduced SD-induced anxiety-like behavior and decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β were observed in the hippocampus of rats after 7 days of FG intervention. In addition, metabolomic analysis demonstrated that FG was able to modulate levels of phosphatidylserine 18, Phosphatidylinositol 18, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, deoxyguanylic acid, xylose, betaine and other metabolites in the hippocampus. The main metabolic pathways of hippocampal metabolites after FG intervention involve carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. 16S rRNA sequencing illustrated that FG ameliorated the dysbiosis of gut microbiota in anxious rats, mainly increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae and Lactobacillus, and decreased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. In addition, the correlation analysis demonstrated that there was a close relationship between hippocampal metabolites and intestinal microbiota. In conclusion, FG improved the anxiety behavior and inhibited of neuroinflammation in sleep-deprived rats, and the mechanism may be related to the FG regulation of hippocampal metabolites and intestinal microflora composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qianfei Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhenshuang Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Department of Emergency, Hebei Yiling Hospital, Shijiazhang, Hebei, China
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Weichao Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yulei Tao
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jianqiang Mei
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Li B, Xu M, Wang Y, Feng L, Xing H, Zhang K. Gut microbiota: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of depression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116038. [PMID: 36529248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The causes of depression are complex. Many factors are involved in its pathogenesis, including the individual's biological and social environment. Although numerous studies have reported that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in depression, drugs that regulate the gut microbiota to treat depression have not yet been comprehensively reviewed. At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in improving depression by regulating gut microbiota. In ancient times, fecal microbiota transplantation was recorded in TCM for the treatment of severe diseases. There are also records in Chinese ancient books about the use of TCM to adjust gut microbiota to treat diseases, which has opened up a unique research field in TCM. Therefore, this article focuses on the pharmacological effects, targets, and mechanisms of TCM in improving depression by mediating the influence of gut microbiota. AIM OF THIS REVIEW To summarize the role the gut microbiota plays in depression, highlight potential regulatory targets, and elucidate the anti-depression mechanisms of TCMs through regulation of the gut microbiota. METHODS A systematic review of 256 clinical trials and pharmaceutical studies published until June 2022 was conducted in eight electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, SciFinder, Research Gate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, and China Knowledge Infrastructure), according to the implemented PRISMA criteria, using the search terms "traditional Chinese medicine," "depression," and "gut microbiota." RESULTS Numerous studies reported the effects of different gut bacteria on depression and that antidepressants work through the gut microbiota. TCM preparations based on compound Chinese medicine, the Chinese Materia Medica, and major bioactive components exerted antidepressant-like effects by improving levels of neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, kynurenine, and cytokines via regulation of the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION This review summarized the anti-depression effects of TCM on the gut microbiota, providing evidence that TCMs are safe and effective in the treatment of depression and may provide a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boru Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Meijing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lijin Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Tianjin UBasio Biotechnology Group, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Marcos JL, Olivares-Barraza R, Ceballo K, Wastavino M, Ortiz V, Riquelme J, Martínez-Pinto J, Muñoz P, Cruz G, Sotomayor-Zárate R. Obesogenic Diet-Induced Neuroinflammation: A Pathological Link between Hedonic and Homeostatic Control of Food Intake. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021468. [PMID: 36674982 PMCID: PMC9866213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced neuroinflammation is a chronic aseptic central nervous system inflammation that presents systemic characteristics associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) and the presence of microglia and reactive astrogliosis as well as the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The obesity pandemic is associated with lifestyle changes, including an excessive intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH), lateral septum (LS), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been implicated in the homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. In this context, a chronic lipid intake triggers neuroinflammation in several brain regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. This review aims to present the background defining the significant impact of neuroinflammation and how this, when induced by an obesogenic diet, can affect feeding control, triggering metabolic and neurological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Marcos
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Veterinarias, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2572007, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Rossy Olivares-Barraza
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Karina Ceballo
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Melisa Wastavino
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Víctor Ortiz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Julio Riquelme
- Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Neurología Traslacional (CENTRAS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Pablo Muñoz
- Escuela de Medicina y Centro de Neurología Traslacional (CENTRAS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar 2540064, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-32-2508050
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15
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The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010054. [PMID: 36611848 PMCID: PMC9818777 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence shows that the complex gut microbial ecosystem in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract regulates the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS) via microbiota and the gut-brain (MGB) axis. The GI microbial ecosystem communicates with the brain through the neuroendocrine, immune, and autonomic nervous systems. Recent studies have bolstered the involvement of dysfunctional MGB axis signaling in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs). Several investigations on the dynamic microbial system and genetic-environmental interactions with the gut microbiota (GM) have shown that changes in the composition, diversity and/or functions of gut microbes (termed "gut dysbiosis" (GD)) affect neuropsychiatric health by inducing alterations in the signaling pathways of the MGB axis. Interestingly, both preclinical and clinical evidence shows a positive correlation between GD and the pathogenesis and progression of NPDs. Long-term GD leads to overstimulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the neuroimmune system, along with altered neurotransmitter levels, resulting in dysfunctional signal transduction, inflammation, increased oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal death. Further studies on the MGB axis have highlighted the significance of GM in the development of brain regions specific to stress-related behaviors, including depression and anxiety, and the immune system in the early life. GD-mediated deregulation of the MGB axis imbalances host homeostasis significantly by disrupting the integrity of the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB), mucus secretion, and gut immune and brain immune functions. This review collates evidence on the potential interaction between GD and NPDs from preclinical and clinical data. Additionally, we summarize the use of non-therapeutic modulators such as pro-, pre-, syn- and post-biotics, and specific diets or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which are promising targets for the management of NPDs.
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16
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Babaei F, Mirzababaei M, Dargahi L, Shahsavari Z, Nassiri-Asl M, Karima S. Preventive Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on Memory Impairment Induced by Lipopolysaccharide in Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3180-3187. [PMID: 36318666 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that dysfunction of gut microbiota, living microorganisms of the digestive tract, plays a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, indicating the valuable impact of probiotics as a potential preventive or therapeutic strategy. Saccharomyces boulardii is a yeast probiotic with beneficial effects on various disorders, ranging from inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases to brain and behavioral disorders. Herein, we examined the effect of S. boulardii on memory impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Wistar rats. Four groups of rats were used in this study (N = 10): (1) control [Cnt], (2) LPS, (3) LPS + S. boulardii [LPS + S], and (4) S. boulardii [S]. Animals were orally administered S. boulardii (250 mg/rat) or saline by gavage for 4 weeks. From the 14th day of the study, animals were administered intraperitoneal LPS (0.25 mg/kg/day) or saline for 9 days. We assessed memory impairment, neuroinflammation, and amyloid-β deposition. S. boulardii ameliorated LPS-induced memory dysfunction. We observed that S. boulardii significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as hippocampal levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the LPS model. Moreover, S. boulardii alleviated amyloid-β deposition in the rat hippocampus. Collectively, our findings indicated that S. boulardii could inhibit memory impairment, neuroinflammation, and amyloid-β accumulation induced by LPS, possibly by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Zahra Shahsavari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran.,Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-69364, Iran
| | - Saeed Karima
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
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Hashim HM, Makpol S. A review of the preclinical and clinical studies on the role of the gut microbiome in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and its modulation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1007166. [PMID: 36406749 PMCID: PMC9669379 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1007166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the world population ages, the burden of age-related health problems grows, creating a greater demand for new novel interventions for healthy aging. Advancing aging is related to a loss of beneficial mutualistic microbes in the gut microbiota caused by extrinsic and intrinsic factors such as diet, sedentary lifestyle, sleep deprivation, circadian rhythms, and oxidative stress, which emerge as essential elements in controlling and prolonging life expectancy of healthy aging. This condition is known as gut dysbiosis, and it affects normal brain function via the brain-gut microbiota (BGM) axis, which is a bidirectional link between the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to the emergence of brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we reviewed the role of the gut microbiome in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as provided a comprehensive review of recent findings from preclinical and clinical studies to present an up-to-date overview of recent advances in developing strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiome by probiotic administration, dietary intervention, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and physical activity to address the aging process and prevent neurodegenerative diseases. The findings of this review will provide researchers in the fields of aging and the gut microbiome design innovative studies that leverage results from preclinical and clinical studies to better understand the nuances of aging, gut microbiome, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Gelli HP, Vazquez-Uribe R, Sommer MOA. Screening for effective cell-penetrating peptides with minimal impact on epithelial cells and gut commensals in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1049324. [PMID: 36408245 PMCID: PMC9666501 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1049324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges for oral drug absorption is the epithelial barrier of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) to modulate the epithelial barrier function is known to be an effective strategy to improve drug absorption and bioavailability. In this study we compare side-by-side, 9 most promising CPPs to study their cytotoxicity (Cytotox Red dye staining) and cell viability (AlamarBlue staining) on epithelial cells and their effects on paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier in vitro in a differentiated Caco-2 epithelial monolayer model. The data revealed that 4 out of 9 well-studied CPPs significantly improved Caco-2 paracellular permeability without compromising on cellular health. To assess the impact of CPPs on the human microbiota we studied the antimicrobial effects of the 4 effective CPPs from our permeation studies against 10 representative strains of the gut microbiota in vitro using microbroth dilution. Our data revealed that these 4 CPPs affected the growth of almost all tested commensal strains. Interestingly, we found that two synthetic CPPs (Shuffle and Penetramax) outperformed all the other CPPs in their ability to increase intestinal paracellular permeability at 50 µM and had only a small to moderate effect on the tested gut commensal strains. Based on these data Shuffle and Penetramax represent relevant CPPs to be further characterized in vivo for safe delivery of poorly absorbed therapeutics while minimizing negative impacts on the gut microbiota.
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Lei L, Ji M, Yang J, Chen S, Gu H, Yang JJ. Gut microbiota-mediated metabolic restructuring aggravates emotional deficits after anesthesia/surgery in rats with preoperative stress. Front Immunol 2022; 13:819289. [PMID: 36003406 PMCID: PMC9393357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.819289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with preoperative stress are prone to postoperative emotional deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we characterize the changes of microbial composition and specific metabolites after anesthesia/surgery in rats with preoperative stress based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics technique. Consequently, we found that anesthesia/surgery aggravated anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in rats under preoperative stress. Microglia were activated and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor ɑ (TNF-α) were upregulated after anesthesia/surgery. The postoperative gut microbiota and metabolite composition of rats exposed to preoperative stress differed from those of control rats. Lastly, emotional impairments, metabolic alterations, and neuroinflammation returned normal in antibiotics-treated rats. Our findings provide further evidence that abnormalities in the gut microbiota contribute to postoperative metabolic restructuring, neuroinflammation, and psychiatric deficits in rats under preoperative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition, and Emotion, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Muhuo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanwen Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian-jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Province International Joint Laboratory of Pain, Cognition, and Emotion, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-jun Yang,
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20
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Wang X, Liang Z, Wang S, Ma D, Zhu M, Feng J. Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1413-1426. [PMID: 34191698 PMCID: PMC9881072 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210629145351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota have also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China
| | - Mingqin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021; Tel: + 86 13756661276; E-mail: ; Tel: +86 15948316086; E-mail:
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021, China,Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street 71# Changchun, CN 130021; Tel: + 86 13756661276; E-mail: ; Tel: +86 15948316086; E-mail:
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21
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Characteristics of the gut microbiota in women with premenstrual symptoms: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268466. [PMID: 35622782 PMCID: PMC9140228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Premenstrual symptoms can negatively impact the quality of life of women through a range of mood, behavioral, and physical symptoms. The association between the microbiota and brain function has been extensively studied. Here, we examined the characteristics of the microbiota in women with premenstrual disorders (PMDs) and the association between premenstrual symptoms and the microbiota. Materials and methods In this single center cross-sectional pilot study, we recruited 27 women reporting premenstrual symptoms and 29 women with no serious premenstrual symptoms. Among them, we further selected 21 women experiencing premenstrual symptoms resulting in interference to their social life (PMDs group) and 22 women with no serious premenstrual symptoms and thereby no interference to their social life (control group). The severity of symptoms was evaluated by a premenstrual symptoms questionnaire (PSQ). Inflammatory markers were analyzed in blood samples, including C reactive protein, soluble CD14, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Sequencing of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes was performed on stool samples. Results Inflammatory markers in blood samples did not differ significantly between the PMDs and control groups. A difference in beta, but not alpha diversity, was detected for the gut microbiotas of the PMDs and control groups. The relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum was lower in the PMDs group. At the genus level, the prevalence was decreased for Butyricicoccus, Extibacter, Megasphaera, and Parabacteroides and increased for Anaerotaenia in the PMDs group, but after false discovery rate correction, these differences were no longer significant. Linear discriminant effect size analysis revealed a decrease in Extibacter, Butyricicoccus, Megasphaera, and Parabacteroides and an increase in Anaerotaenia in the PMDs group. The PSQ total score correlated with Anaerotaenia, Extibacter, and Parabacteroides. Multiple regression analysis showed that Parabacteroides and Megasphaera negatively predicted the PSQ total score. Conclusion The properties of the gut microbiota are associated with premenstrual symptoms.
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Abstract
Innate and adaptive immunity are essential for neurodevelopment and central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis; however, the fragile equilibrium between immune and brain cells can be disturbed by any immune dysregulation and cause detrimental effects. Accumulating evidence indicates that, despite the blood-brain barrier (BBB), overactivation of the immune system leads to brain vulnerability that increases the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly upon subsequent exposure later in life. Disruption of microglial function in later life can be triggered by various environmental and psychological factors, including obesity-driven chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis. Increased visceral adiposity has been recognized as an important risk factor for multiple neuropsychiatric conditions. The review aims to present our current understanding of the topic.
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Neurotransmitters-Key Factors in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115954. [PMID: 35682631 PMCID: PMC9180936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters are molecules that amplify, transmit, and convert signals in cells, having an essential role in information transmission throughout the nervous system. Hundreds of such chemicals have been discovered in the last century, continuing to be identified and studied concerning their action on brain health. These substances have been observed to influence numerous functions, including emotions, thoughts, memories, learning, and movements. Thus, disturbances in neurotransmitters’ homeostasis started being correlated with a plethora of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In this respect, the present paper aims to describe the most important neurotransmitters, broadly classified into canonical (e.g., amino acids, monoamines, acetylcholine, purines, soluble gases, neuropeptides) and noncanonical neurotransmitters (e.g., exosomes, steroids, D-aspartic acid), and explain their link with some of the most relevant neurological conditions. Moreover, a brief overview of the recently developed neurotransmitters’ detection methods is offered, followed by several considerations on the modulation of these substances towards restoring homeostasis.
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Medicinal Plants and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102111. [PMID: 35631252 PMCID: PMC9144835 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various neurocognitive and mental health-related conditions have been associated with the gut microbiome, implicating a microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA). The aim of this systematic review was to identify, categorize, and review clinical evidence supporting medicinal plants for the treatment of mental disorders and studies on their interactions with the gut microbiota. Methods: This review included medicinal plants for which clinical studies on depression, sleeping disorders, anxiety, or cognitive dysfunction as well as scientific evidence of interaction with the gut microbiome were available. The studies were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Eighty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and covered thirty mental health-related medicinal plants with data on interaction with the gut microbiome. Conclusion: Only a few studies have been specifically designed to assess how herbal preparations affect MGBA-related targets or pathways. However, many studies provide hints of a possible interaction with the MGBA, such as an increased abundance of health-beneficial microorganisms, anti-inflammatory effects, or MGBA-related pathway effects by gut microbial metabolites. Data for Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, and Salvia rosmarinus indicate that the interaction of their constituents with the gut microbiota could mediate mental health benefits. Studies specifically assessing the effects on MGBA-related pathways are still required for most medicinal plants.
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25
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The Influence of Gut Dysbiosis in the Pathogenesis and Management of Ischemic Stroke. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071239. [PMID: 35406804 PMCID: PMC8997586 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on the gut microbiome has revealed the influence of gut microbiota (GM) on ischemic stroke pathogenesis and treatment outcomes. Alterations in the diversity, abundance, and functions of the gut microbiome, termed gut dysbiosis, results in dysregulated gut–brain signaling, which induces intestinal barrier changes, endotoxemia, systemic inflammation, and infection, affecting post-stroke outcomes. Gut–brain interactions are bidirectional, and the signals from the gut to the brain are mediated by microbially derived metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs); bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS); immune cells, such as T helper cells; and bacterial translocation via hormonal, immune, and neural pathways. Ischemic stroke affects gut microbial composition via neural and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) pathways, which can contribute to post-stroke outcomes. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that the restoration of the gut microbiome usually improves stroke treatment outcomes by regulating metabolic, immune, and inflammatory responses via the gut–brain axis (GBA). Therefore, restoring healthy microbial ecology in the gut may be a key therapeutic target for the effective management and treatment of ischemic stroke.
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26
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Xie X, Wu Y, Xie H, Wang H, Zhang X, Yu J, Zhu S, Zhao J, Sui L, Li S. Polysaccharides, Next Potential Agent for the Treatment of Epilepsy? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:790136. [PMID: 35418858 PMCID: PMC8996301 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.790136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder. Current pharmacological therapies for epilepsy have limited efficacy that result in refractory epilepsy (RE). Owing to the limitations of conventional therapies, it is needed to develop new anti-epileptic drugs. The beneficial effects of polysaccharides from Chinese medicines, such as Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (COP) and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP), for treatment of epilepsy include regulation of inflammatory factors, neurotransmitters, ion channels, and antioxidant reactions. Especially, polysaccharides could be digested by intestinal microbial flora, referred as “intestinal brain organ” or “adult’s second brain”, may be the target for treatment of epilepsy. Actually, polysaccharides can effectively improve the type and quantity of intestinal flora such as bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria and achieve the purpose of treating epilepsy. Therefore, polysaccharides are hypothesized and discussed as potential agent for treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Xie
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Youliang Wu
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Xie
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Yu
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofang Zhu
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhao, ; Lisen Sui, ; Shaoping Li, ,
| | - Lisen Sui
- Department of Epilepsy Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhao, ; Lisen Sui, ; Shaoping Li, ,
| | - Shaoping Li
- Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhao, ; Lisen Sui, ; Shaoping Li, ,
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27
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Yue Q, Cai M, Xiao B, Zhan Q, Zeng C. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Epilepsy. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:439-453. [PMID: 34279746 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Honoured as the second genome in humans, the gut microbiota is involved in a constellation of physiological and pathological processes, including those related to the central nervous system. The communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is realized by a complex bidirectional connection, known as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis", via neuroendocrine, immunological, and direct neural mechanisms. Recent studies indicate that gut dysfunction/dysbiosis is presumably involved in the pathogenesis of and susceptibility to epilepsy. In addition, the reconstruction of the intestinal microbiome through, for example, faecal microbiota transplantation, probiotic intervention, and a ketogenic diet, has exhibited beneficial effects on drug-resistant epilepsy. The purposes of this review are to provide a brief overview of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and to synthesize what is known about the involvement of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of epilepsy, to bring new insight into the pathophysiology of epilepsy and to present a preliminary discussion of novel therapeutic options for epilepsy based on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yue
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Mingfei Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Qiong Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Chang Zeng
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
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28
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Stress induced microglial activation contributes to depression. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Warne RW, Dallas J. Microbiome mediation of animal life histories
via
metabolites and insulin‐like signalling. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1118-1130. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin W. Warne
- School of Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University 1125 Lincoln Dr. Carbondale IL 62901‐6501 U.S.A
| | - Jason Dallas
- School of Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University 1125 Lincoln Dr. Carbondale IL 62901‐6501 U.S.A
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30
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Bauer KC, York EM, Cirstea MS, Radisavljevic N, Petersen C, Huus KE, Brown EM, Bozorgmehr T, Berdún R, Bernier LP, Lee AHY, Woodward SE, Krekhno Z, Han J, Hancock REW, Ayala V, MacVicar BA, Finlay BB. Gut microbes shape microglia and cognitive function during malnutrition. Glia 2022; 70:820-841. [PMID: 35019164 PMCID: PMC9305450 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fecal‐oral contamination promotes malnutrition pathology. Lasting consequences of early life malnutrition include cognitive impairment, but the underlying pathology and influence of gut microbes remain largely unknown. Here, we utilize an established murine model combining malnutrition and iterative exposure to fecal commensals (MAL‐BG). The MAL‐BG model was analyzed in comparison to malnourished (MAL mice) and healthy (CON mice) controls. Malnourished mice display poor spatial memory and learning plasticity, as well as altered microglia, non‐neuronal CNS cells that regulate neuroimmune responses and brain plasticity. Chronic fecal‐oral exposures shaped microglial morphology and transcriptional profile, promoting phagocytic features in MAL‐BG mice. Unexpectedly, these changes occurred independently from significant cytokine‐induced inflammation or blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption, key gut‐brain pathways. Metabolomic profiling of the MAL‐BG cortex revealed altered polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profiles and systemic lipoxidative stress. In contrast, supplementation with an ω3 PUFA/antioxidant‐associated diet (PAO) mitigated cognitive deficits within the MAL‐BG model. These findings provide valued insight into the malnourished gut microbiota‐brain axis, highlighting PUFA metabolism as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylynda C Bauer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Elisa M York
- Psychiatry Department, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mihai S Cirstea
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nina Radisavljevic
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kelsey E Huus
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Eric M Brown
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tahereh Bozorgmehr
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rebeca Berdún
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB-Lleida), Lleida, Spain.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Louis-Philippe Bernier
- Psychiatry Department, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amy H Y Lee
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sarah E Woodward
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zakhar Krekhno
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jun Han
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Victoria Ayala
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB-Lleida), Lleida, Spain.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Psychiatry Department, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Barton Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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31
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Liu G, Guo Z, Liu D, Meng H, Zheng Y, Zhao X, Gu L, Chen Z, Chen X, Li M, Sun J, Ma Z, He H, Yu X, Hu F. Does gut microbiota regulate brooding in geese? ANIM BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Domestic geese can reduce the amount of food intake when brooding. Because of the reduction in food intake, the total number of microorganisms in the gut is also reduced. Will this affect the goose’s thinking and make the goose stop brooding and eat food? We hypothesize that gut microbiota affects the brain through a brain–gut peptide and further regulates the breeding behavior of geese. In this study, we evaluated the microbiome related to the goose and transcription groups of brooding and egg production periods. The changes and differences in gut microbiota and gene expression of female geese in different reproduction periods were analyzed, and the possible interaction between them was explored. The results showed that the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium with a growth-promoting effect in the cecum was higher in the egg production group than in the brooding group. Microbial metabolic pathways with significant differences between the two groups were also enriched in the secondary functional groups with different gut microbiota metabolism. The downregulated genes in the egg production group were mainly related to energy metabolism, such as ATP synthesis-related genes. These results suggest that the brooding group’s gut microbiota can make relevant changes according to the reproduction stage of the goose. Since the amount of food taken in is reduced, it can promote the decomposition of the host’s fat. Simultaneously, insulin is also used to deliver messages to the brain; it is necessary to end the brooding behavior at an appropriate time and for eating to start.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Guo
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, P.R. China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, P.R. China
| | - He Meng
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Gu
- Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 14 Xingdan Road, Qiongshan District, Haikou, 570203, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihare Branch Academy, No. 2 Heyi Road, Qiqihare 161005, P.R. China
| | - Xingyong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiangxi Road, Hefei, 230036, P.R. China
| | - Manyu Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Sun
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Ma
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihare Branch Academy, No. 2 Heyi Road, Qiqihare 161005, P.R. China
| | - Haijuan He
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Animal Husbandry Research Institute, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, P.R. China
| | - Fanghong Hu
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Longhexi Road, Liuan, 237006, P.R. China
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32
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Chidambaram SB, Essa MM, Rathipriya AG, Bishir M, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Tousif AH, Sakharkar MK, Kashyap RS, Friedland RP, Monaghan TM. Gut dysbiosis, defective autophagy and altered immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases: Tales of a vicious cycle. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107988. [PMID: 34536490 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiota comprises trillions of symbiotic microorganisms and is involved in regulating gastrointestinal (GI), immune, nervous system and metabolic homeostasis. Recent observations suggest a bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain via immune, circulatory and neural pathways, termed the Gut-Brain Axis (GBA). Alterations in gut microbiota composition, such as seen with an increased number of pathobionts and a decreased number of symbionts, termed gut dysbiosis or microbial intestinal dysbiosis, plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. Clinical reports confirm that GI symptoms often precede neurological symptoms several years before the development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Pathologically, gut dysbiosis disrupts the integrity of the intestinal barrier leading to ingress of pathobionts and toxic metabolites into the systemic circulation causing GBA dysregulation. Subsequently, chronic neuroinflammation via dysregulated immune activation triggers the accumulation of neurotoxic misfolded proteins in and around CNS cells resulting in neuronal death. Emerging evidence links gut dysbiosis to the aggravation and/or spread of proteinopathies from the peripheral nervous system to the CNS and defective autophagy-mediated proteinopathies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in NDDs, and highlights a vicious cycle of gut dysbiosis, immune-mediated chronic neuroinflammation, impaired autophagy and proteinopathies, which contributes to the development of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We also discuss novel therapeutic strategies targeting the modulation of gut dysbiosis through prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics or dietary interventions, and faecal microbial transplantation (FMT) in the management of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India.
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman; Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Pacific, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - A G Rathipriya
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai 600 094, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muhammed Bishir
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - Arehally M Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - A H Tousif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India; Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, KA, India
| | - Meena K Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Rajpal Singh Kashyap
- Research Centre, Dr G. M. Taori Central India Institute of Medical Sciences (CIIMS), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Robert P Friedland
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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Shin JH, Kim CS, Cha L, Kim S, Lee S, Chae S, Chun WY, Shin DM. Consumption of 85% cocoa dark chocolate improves mood in association with gut microbial changes in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108854. [PMID: 34530112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dark chocolate has long been recognized for its mood-altering properties; however, the evidence regarding the emotional effects of daily dark chocolate intake is limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of dark chocolate intake on mood in everyday life, with special emphasis on the gut-brain axis. Two different dark chocolates (85% and 70% cocoa content) were tested in this study. In a randomized controlled trial, healthy adults (20-30 y) consumed either 30 g/d of 85% cocoa chocolate (DC85, n=18); 70% cocoa chocolate (DC70, n=16); or no chocolate (control group, CON; n=14); for 3 weeks. Mood states were measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Daily consumption of dark chocolate significantly reduced negative affect in DC85, but not in DC70. To assess the association between the mood-altering effects of dark chocolate and the gut microbiota, we performed fecal 16S rRNA sequencing analysis for the DC85 and CON groups. Gut microbial diversity was significantly higher in DC85 than CON (P<.05). Blautia obeum levels were significantly elevated and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii levels were reduced in DC85 compared to CON (P<.05). Furthermore, we found that the observed changes in negative affect scores were negatively correlated with diversity and relative abundance of Blautia obeum (P<.05). These findings indicate that dark chocolate exerts prebiotic effects, as evidenced by its ability to restructure the diversity and abundance of intestinal bacteria; thus, it may improve negative emotional states via the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lina Cha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokoh Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Chae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Young Chun
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institution of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Lian X, Zhu Q, Sun L, Cheng Y. Effect of Anesthesia/Surgery on Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites and Their Relationship With Cognitive Dysfunction. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:655695. [PMID: 34483850 PMCID: PMC8416053 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.655695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is the decline in cognitive function of the central nervous system (CNS) after anesthesia/surgery. The present study explored whether anesthesia/surgery altered gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, examining their associations with risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in aged mice. Methods: Sixteen-month-old C57BL/6 mice underwent abdominal surgery under isoflurane anesthesia to establish an animal model of POCD. The Morris water maze test (MWMT) was used as an indicator of memory after surgery. The effects of anesthesia/surgical interventions on gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, hippocampus, and serum levels of inflammatory factors were examined. Results: The anesthesia/surgery induced more serious POCD behavior, increasing brain interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β levels than sham control mice. The relative abundance of bacterial genera Bacteroidales_unclassified, Mucispirillum, and Clostridiales_unclassified declined, whereas that of Escherichia–Shigella, actinomyces, Ruminococcus_gnavus_group, and Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group were enriched after anesthesia/surgery compared to the baseline controls. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) showed that the metabolites differed between post-anesthesia+surgery (post_A + S) and baseline samples and were associated with the fecal metabolism of tryptophan, kynurenic acid, N-oleoyl γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 2-indolecarboxylic acid, and glutamic acid. Furthermore, the differential metabolites were associated with alterations in the abundance of specific bacteria. These results indicate that the POCD intervention may be achieved by targeting specific bacteria associated with neurotransmitter metabolism. Conclusions: A transient cognitive disturbance induced by anesthesia/surgery may be associated with unfavorable alterations in gut microbiota and fecal metabolites, thereby contributing to the POCD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianmei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaozhong Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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35
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Lan H, Hong W, Qian D, Peng F, Li H, Liang C, Du M, Gu J, Mai J, Bai B, Peng G. Quercetin modulates the gut microbiota as well as the metabolome in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6240-6250. [PMID: 34486477 PMCID: PMC8806632 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1969194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanism of osteoarthritis (OA) has been widely studied and the use of quercetin for OA therapy is well documented, the relevant characteristics of the microbiome and metabolism remain unclear. This study reports changes in the gut microbiota and metabolism during quercetin therapy for OA in a rat model and provides an integrative analysis of the biomechanism. In this study, the rats were categorized into 3 different groups: the OA model, quercetin treatment, and control groups. The OA rats was conducted using a monoiodoacetate (MIA) injection protocol. The rats in the quercetin group received daily intragastric administration of quercetin from day 1 to day 28. Stool samples were collected, and DNA was extracted. We used an integrated approach that combined the sequencing of whole 16S rRNA, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) measurements and metabolomics analysis by mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize the functional impact of quercetin on the gut microbiota and metabolism in a rat model of OA. The use of quercetin partially abrogated intestinal flora disorder and reversed fecal metabolite abnormalities. Compared with the control rats, the OA rats showed differences at both the class level (Clostridia, Bacteroidia, and Bacilli) and the genus level (Lactobacillus and unidentified Ruminococcaceae). Acetic acid, propionic acid and 24 metabolites were significantly altered among the three groups. However, the changes were significantly abrogated in quercetin-treated OA rats. Consequently, this study provided important evidence regarding perturbations of the gut microbiome and the function of these changes in a potential new mechanism of quercetin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Lan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Hong
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Gmu-gibh Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongyang Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiqing Li
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Du
- Gmu-gibh Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlan Gu
- Gmu-gibh Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxuan Mai
- Gmu-gibh Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gongyong Peng
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Forouzan S, McGrew K, Kosten TA. Drugs and bugs: Negative affect, psychostimulant use and withdrawal, and the microbiome. Am J Addict 2021; 30:525-538. [PMID: 34414622 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES A growing body of literature demonstrates that the human microbiota plays a crucial role in health and disease states, as well as in the body's response to stress. In addition, the microbiome plays a role in psychological well-being and regulating negative affect. Regulation of negative affect is a factor in psychostimulant abuse disorders. We propose a risk chain in which stress leads to negative affect that places an individual at risk to develop or relapse to psychostimulant abuse disorder. Stress, negative affect, and psychostimulant use all alter the gut microbiome. METHODS This review brings together the literature on affective disorders, stress, and psychostimulant abuse disorders to assess possible modulatory actions of the gut-brain axis to regulate these conditions. RESULTS Studies reviewed across the various disciplines suggest that the dysbiosis resulting from drug use, drug withdrawal, or stress may cause an individual to be more susceptible to addiction and relapse. Probiotics and prebiotics reduce stress and negative affect. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Treatment during the withdrawal phase of psychostimulant abuse disorder, when the microbiome is altered, may ameliorate the symptoms of stress and negative affect leading to a reduced risk of relapse to psychostimulant use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Forouzan
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keely McGrew
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Therese A Kosten
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Kim CS, Cha L, Sim M, Jung S, Chun WY, Baik HW, Shin DM. Probiotic Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function and Mood with Changes in Gut Microbiota in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:32-40. [PMID: 32300799 PMCID: PMC7861012 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been proposed to ameliorate cognitive impairment and depressive disorder via the gut–brain axis in patients and experimental animal models. However, the beneficial role of probiotics in brain functions of healthy older adults remains unclear. Therefore, a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted to determine the effects of probiotics on cognition and mood in community-dwelling older adults. Sixty-three healthy elders (≥65 years) consumed either placebo or probiotics containing Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI for 12 weeks. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics. Brain functions were measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease, Satisfaction with life scale, stress questionnaire, Geriatric depression scale, and Positive affect and negative affect schedule. Blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative abundance of inflammation-causing gut bacteria was significantly reduced at Week 12 in the probiotics group (p < .05). The probiotics group showed greater improvement in mental flexibility test and stress score than the placebo group (p < .05). Contrary to placebo, probiotics significantly increased serum BDNF level (p < .05). Notably, the gut microbes significantly shifted by probiotics (Eubacterium and Clostridiales) showed significant negative correlation with serum BDNF level only in the probiotics group (RS = −0.37, RS = −0.39, p < .05). In conclusion, probiotics promote mental flexibility and alleviate stress in healthy older adults, along with causing changes in gut microbiota. These results provide evidence supporting health-promoting properties of probiotics as a part of healthy diet in the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Lina Cha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Sim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Woo Young Chun
- Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Baik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea.,Research Institution of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
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Eastwood J, Walton G, Van Hemert S, Williams C, Lamport D. The effect of probiotics on cognitive function across the human lifespan: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:311-327. [PMID: 34171323 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently the scientific community has seen a growing interest in the role of the gut-brain axis and, in particular, how probiotic supplementation may influence neural function and behaviour via manipulation of the gut microbiota. The purpose of this review was to systematically review the current literature exploring the effect of probiotic intervention on cognitive function. PsychINFO, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for human trials. Studies selected for inclusion administered a probiotic intervention and included at least one behavioural measure of cognitive performance. A total of 30 experimental papers were included, exploring the effect of probiotics across a variety of ages, populations and cognitive domains. The evidence suggests there may be potential for probiotics to enhance cognitive function or attenuate cognitive decline, particularly in clinically relevant adult populations for whom cognitive dysfunction may be present. However, the limited number of studies and the quality of the existing research makes it challenging to interpret the data. Further research is clearly warranted. PROSPERO: CRD42020164820.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eastwood
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Gemma Walton
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Saskia Van Hemert
- Winclove Probiotics, Hulstweg 11, 1032LB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Daniel Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6BZ, UK.
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Kewan A, Saneyasu T, Kamisoyama H, Honda K. Effects of fasting and re-feeding on the expression of CCK, PYY, hypothalamic neuropeptides, and IGF-related genes in layer and broiler chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 257:110940. [PMID: 33785435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) and peptide YY (PYY) have been investigated as gut hormones that send satiation signals to the brain in mammals. There is evidence that chicken PYY mRNA expression was the highest in the pancreas compared to other tissues. We recently suggested that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and its binding proteins (IGFBPs) may be involved in the appetite regulation system in chicks. In the present study, in order to evaluate the possible roles of CCK, PYY, and IGF-related proteins in the appetite regulation system in chicks, we analyzed changes in the mRNA levels of these genes in response to fasting and re-feeding in layer and hyperphagic broiler chicks. In layer chicks, 12 h of fasting reduced the mRNA levels of intestinal CCK, PYY, Y2 receptor, and pancreatic PYY, and these changes were reversed by 12 h of re-feeding. On the other hand, in broiler chicks 12 h of fasting reduced the mRNA levels of intestinal PYY and Y2 receptor, but not intestinal CCK and pancreatic PYY, and these changes were reversed by 12 h of re-feeding. Hypothalamic NPY mRNA significantly increased by 12 h of fasting in both chicks, and these changes were reversed by re-feeding. Also, 12 h of fasting significantly increased the mRNA levels of hypothalamic agouti-related protein and reduced the mRNA levels of hepatic IGF-1 only in broiler chicks, and 12 h of re-feeding did not change these. IGFBP-1 and -2 mRNA levels were markedly increased by 12 h of fasting in both chicks, and these changes were reversed by re-feeding. IGFBP-3 mRNA levels were increased by 12 h of fasting only in layer chicks, while re-feeding reduced the mRNA levels of IGFBP-3 in both types of chicks. These results suggest that several peripheral hormones, such as pancreatic PYY and intestinal CCK, may not play important roles in the regulation of food intake in broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kewan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Takaoki Saneyasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamisoyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Honda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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40
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Wei D, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Zhu L, Wang L, Yuan X, Wu C. The Volatile Oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Pericarp Improved the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Gut Microbiota to Attenuate Chronic Unpredictable Stress-Induced Anxiety Behavior in Rats. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:769-786. [PMID: 33654382 PMCID: PMC7910097 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s281575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anxiety disorders (ADs) are the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. Stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and dysbiosis of gut microbiota seem to contribute to the onset of ADs. This study was designed to investigate the ameliorative effect of volatile oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (VOZB) on chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) induced anxiety behavior, as well as the altered HPA axis and gut microbiota. Methods Experimental rats were exposed to the CUS for 14 consecutive days. Meanwhile, VOZB was administered at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for 14 days. The anxiety behavior was evaluated by elevated plus-maze (EPM) and open field (OF). The protein expressions and mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in hypothalamus was determined, as well the hormone levels of HPA axis in serum. Furthermore, gut microbiota was detected by16S rRNA gene sequencing. The chemical constituents of VOZB were identified by GC-MS analysis. Results VOZB treatment (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) increased the ratio of open-arm entries and time in EPM test, as well as the central zone entries and time in OF test. Moreover, VOZB treatment reduced the protein expressions and mRNA levels of CRH, but elevated those of GR in hypothalamus. Similarly, the hormone levels of the HPA axis in serum were decreased by VOZB treatment. Besides, VOZB treatment restored the CUS-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota, raising the Sobs and Chao indexes, inhibiting Lachnospiraceae, but facilitating Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, Lactobacillaceae, and Prevotellaceae. Additionally, Sobs and Chao indexes were negatively correlated to the serum corticosterone and CRH levels. Conclusion VOZB showed an ameliorative effect on CUS-induced anxiety behavior, potentially via inhibiting activation of the HPA axis and restoring the dysbiosis of gut microbiota, thus improving the stress-induced abnormality of the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daneng Wei
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Zhao
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Yuan
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, People's Republic of China
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41
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Dong L, Li J, Zhang C, Liu D. Gut microbiota: a new player in the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder? IBRAIN 2021; 7:37-43. [PMID: 37786871 PMCID: PMC10529199 DOI: 10.1002/j.2769-2795.2021.tb00063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND), including postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), is a common postoperative complication in elderly patients, who represent an expanding segment of our population. PND is a multifactorial disease resulting in higher morbidity and mortality. The precise mechanism of PND is yet to be fully delineated. Identifying the modifiable risk factors and mechanisms for PND would be an important step forward in preventing such adverse events and thus improving patients' outcomes. It is increasingly recognized that gut microbiota also manifest effects in the central nervous system via the microbiota-gut-brain axis, which has emerged as an important player in shaping aspects of behavior and cognitive function. Recent studies have found that patients with cognitive dysfunction after surgery and anesthesia have obvious gut microbiome disorders. These findings are paralleled by a growing body of preclinical investigations aimed at better understanding how surgery and anesthesia affect the central nervous system and possibly contribute to cognitive decline. Here, we present a broad topical review of the literature supporting the role of gut microbiota in PND. We provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PND from pre-clinical and human studies. Therefore, gut microbiota could be a putative therapeutic target for PND in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - De‐Xing Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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42
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Rao X, Liu L, Wang H, Yu Y, Li W, Chai T, Zhou W, Ji P, Song J, Wei H, Xie P. Regulation of Gut Microbiota Disrupts the Glucocorticoid Receptor Pathway and Inflammation-related Pathways in the Mouse Hippocampus. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:59-72. [PMID: 33462159 PMCID: PMC7926043 DOI: 10.5607/en20055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have recently indicated the important effects of gut microbes on various functions of the central nervous system. However, the underlying mechanisms by which gut microbiota regulate brain functions and behavioral phenotypes remain largely unknown. We therefore used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic analysis to obtain proteomic profiles of the hippocampus in germ-free (GF), colonized GF, and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. We then integrated the resulting proteomic data with previously reported mRNA microarray data, to further explore the effects of gut microbes on host brain functions. We identified that 61 proteins were upregulated and 242 proteins were downregulated in GF mice compared with SPF mice. Of these, 124 proteins were significantly restored following gut microbiota colonization. Bioinformatic analysis of these significant proteins indicated that the glucocorticoid receptor signaling pathway and inflammation-related pathways were the most enriched disrupted pathways. This study provides new insights into the pathological mechanisms of gut microbiota-regulated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Rao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Ying Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tingjia Chai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping Ji
- College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Millman JF, Okamoto S, Teruya T, Uema T, Ikematsu S, Shimabukuro M, Masuzaki H. Extra-virgin olive oil and the gut-brain axis: influence on gut microbiota, mucosal immunity, and cardiometabolic and cognitive health. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:1362-1374. [PMID: 33576418 PMCID: PMC8581649 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), a popular functional food and major source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, possesses a variety of healthful components, including monounsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolic compounds that, individually and collectively, exert beneficial effects on cardiometabolic markers of health and act as neuroprotective agents through their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The gut microbiota and health of the intestinal environment are now considered important factors in the development of obesity, metabolic disease, and even certain neurodegenerative conditions via the gut-brain axis. Recently, data are emerging which demonstrate that the health-promoting benefits of EVOO may also extend to the gut microbiota. In this review, we aimed to examine findings from recent studies regarding the impact of EVOO on gut microbiota and intestinal health and explore how modulations in composition of gut microbiota, production of microbially produced products, and activity and functioning of the mucosal immune system may lead to favorable outcomes in cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine F Millman
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Taiki Teruya
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tsugumi Uema
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shinya Ikematsu
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Michio Shimabukuro
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- J.F. Millman, S. Okamoto, T. Taiki, T. Uema, and H. Masuzaki are with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology (Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. S. Ikematsu is with the Department of Bioresources Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College, Okinawa, Japan. M. Shimabukuro is with the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Hong M, Ho C, Zhang X, Zhang R, Liu Y. Dietary strategies may influence human nerves and emotions by regulating intestinal microbiota: an interesting hypothesis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Hong
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
| | - Chi‐Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ08901USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo315211China
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Łuc M, Misiak B, Pawłowski M, Stańczykiewicz B, Zabłocka A, Szcześniak D, Pałęga A, Rymaszewska J. Gut microbiota in dementia. Critical review of novel findings and their potential application. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 104:110039. [PMID: 32687964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a great deal of impetus for the comprehensive understanding of the complete pathological function, genetic information, and functional diversity of the gut microbiota that favors the development of dementia. It has been reported that patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease present with several metabolic and immune-inflammatory alterations. The recently highlighted aspects of human health linked to cognitive decline include insulin-resistance, obesity, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Gut microbiota is known to produce neurotransmitters, such as GABA, acetylcholine, dopamine or serotonin, vitamins, intestinal toxins, and modulate nerve signaling - with emphasis on the vagus nerve. Additionally, gut dysbiosis results in impaired synthesis of signaling proteins affecting metabolic processes relevant to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Due to numerous links of gut microbiota to crucial metabolic and inflammatory pathways, attempts aimed at correcting the gut microflora composition may affect dementia pathology in a pleiotropic manner. Taking advantage of the metabolic effects of cold exposure on organisms by the introduction of whole-body cryostimulation in dementia patients could lead to alterations in gut microbiota and, therefore, decrease of an inflammatory response and insulin resistance, which remain one of the critical metabolic features of dementia. Further studies are needed in order to explore the potential application of recent findings and ways of achieving the desired goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Łuc
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Pawłowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Zabłocka
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Pałęga
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Thambi M, Nathan J, Radhakrishnan K. Can change in gut microbiota composition be used as a surrogate marker of treatment efficacy of ketogenic diet in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy? Epilepsy Behav 2020; 113:107444. [PMID: 33091747 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To answer the question posed in the title of the manuscript, we critically examined the connection between ketogenic diet (KD), gut microbiota (GM), and epilepsy. We conclude that although the evidence for a KD-GM-epilepsy link is fairly robust in rodent epilepsy models, it is very hard to draw meaningful conclusions in humans. The limitations of human studies that have investigated the KD-microbiota-epilepsy relationship include small sample size, a heterogeneous patient population with regard to age and epilepsy type, failure to account for the effect of dietary habits, antiseizure drugs (ASDs) and comedications on GM composition, variability in the KD administered and in the duration of the intervention, and different approaches used in sequencing the microbiome. Although alteration in the GM composition may be a potential indicator of responsiveness/resistance to a KD, we need well-designed randomized case-control and cohort studies involving a large number of a fairly homogenous population of patients with epilepsy adjusted to their habitual dietary habits and region of residence before labeling it as a surrogate marker. Research in this direction may also help us to unravel the mysteries of GM-brain axis not only concerning epilepsy but also in other neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magith Thambi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Janak Nathan
- Sanjeev Clinic, Mahim, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400016, India
| | - Kurupath Radhakrishnan
- Department of Neurosciences, Avitis Institute of Medical Sciences, Palakkad, Kerala 678508, India.
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Wu Q, Li Q, Zhang X, Ntim M, Wu X, Li M, Wang L, Zhao J, Li S. Treatment with Bifidobacteria can suppress Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10262. [PMID: 33194428 PMCID: PMC7602682 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), being a complex disorder, is affected either by genetic or environmental factors or both. It is observed that there is an excessive accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) in the extracellular space of the brain. AD is the first neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, and so far there is no effective treatment. In recent years, many studies have reported that Alzheimer’s disease has a relationship with gut microflora, indicating that regulating gut microbiota could offer therapeutic intervention for AD. This study explored the effect Bifidobacteria has in averting AD. Methods WT and APP/PS1 mice were used for the experiments. The mice were randomly assigned to four groups: WT group, WT + Bi group, AD group (APP/PS1 mouse) and AD + Bi group (Bifidobacteria-treated APP/PS1 mouse). Treatment with Bifidobacteria lasted for 6 months and mice were prepared for immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Thioflavin S staining, Western blotting, PCR and Elisa quantitative assay. Results The results show that after 6 months of treatment with Bifidobacteria signiis to be lesficantly reduces Aβ deposition in cortex and hippocampus of AD mice. The level of insoluble Aβ in the hippocampus and cortex of AD+Bi mice was decreased compared with AD mice. Meanwhile, a significant decrease in the level of soluble Aβ in the cortex of AD+Bi mice but not in the hippocampus was observed. The activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory factors were also determined in this study. From the results, Bifidobacteria inhibited microglial activation and reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and INF-γ release. Altogether, these results implied that Bifidobacteria can alleviate the pathological changes of AD through various effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases in Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qifa Li
- Functional Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Michael Ntim
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases in Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuefei Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases in Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shao Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases in Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Holmes M, Flaminio Z, Vardhan M, Xu F, Li X, Devinsky O, Saxena D. Cross talk between drug-resistant epilepsy and the gut microbiome. Epilepsia 2020; 61:2619-2628. [PMID: 33140419 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One-third of epilepsy patients have drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), which is often complicated by polydrug toxicity and psychiatric and cognitive comorbidities. Advances in understanding the microbiome and gut-brain-axis are likely to shed light on epilepsy pathogenesis, anti-seizure medication (ASM) resistance, and potential therapeutic targets. Gut dysbiosis is associated with inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and altered neuromodulators. High-throughput and metagenomic sequencing has advanced the characterization of microbial species and functional pathways. DRE patients show altered gut microbiome composition compared to drug-sensitive patients and healthy controls. The ketogenic and modified Atkins diets can reduce seizures in some patients with DRE. These low-carbohydrate dietary therapies alter the taxonomic and functional composition of the gut microbiome, and composition varies between diet responders and nonresponders. Murine models suggest that specific phyla are necessary to confer efficacy from the diet, and antibiotic treatment may eliminate efficacy. The impact of diet might involve alterations in microbiota, promotion of select microbial interactions, and variance in brain neurotransmitter levels that then influence seizures. Understanding the mechanics of how diet manipulates seizures may suggest novel therapies. Most ASMs act on neuronal transmission via effects on ion channels and neurotransmitters. However, ASMs may also assert their effects via the gut microbiota. In animal models, the microbiota composition (eg, abundance of certain phyla) can vary with ASM active drug metabolites. Given the developing understanding of the gut microbiome in DRE, probiotics are another potential therapy. Probiotics alter the microbiota composition, and small studies suggest that these supplements can reduce seizures in some patients. DRE has enormous consequences to patients and society, and the gut microbiome holds promise as a potential therapeutic target. However, the exact mechanism and recognition of which patients are likely to be responders remain elusive. Further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Holmes
- NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zia Flaminio
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry and Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mridula Vardhan
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry and Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fangxi Xu
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry and Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry and Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry and Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Unravelling the antimicrobial action of antidepressants on gut commensal microbes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17878. [PMID: 33087796 PMCID: PMC7578019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been increasing evidence highlighting the implication of the gut microbiota in a variety of brain disorders such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. Studies have shown that depression affects the stability of gut microbiota, but the impact of antidepressant treatments on microbiota structure and metabolism remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of antidepressants from different therapeutic classes against representative strains of human gut microbiota. Six different antidepressants: phenelzine, venlafaxine, desipramine, bupropion, aripiprazole and (S)-citalopram have been tested for their antimicrobial activity against 12 commensal bacterial strains using agar well diffusion, microbroth dilution method, and colony counting. The data revealed an important antimicrobial activity (bacteriostatic or bactericidal) of different antidepressants against the tested strains, with desipramine and aripiprazole being the most inhibitory. Strains affiliating to most dominant phyla of human microbiota such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium animalis and Bacteroides fragilis were significantly altered, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 75 to 800 μg/mL. A significant reduction in bacterial viability was observed, reaching 5 logs cycle reductions with tested MICs ranged from 400 to 600 μg/mL. Our findings demonstrate that gut microbiota could be altered in response to antidepressant drugs.
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Nagpal R, Mishra SK, Deep G, Yadav H. Role of TRP Channels in Shaping the Gut Microbiome. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090753. [PMID: 32947778 PMCID: PMC7559121 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel family proteins are sensors for pain, which sense a variety of thermal and noxious chemicals. Sensory neurons innervating the gut abundantly express TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels and are in close proximity of gut microbes. Emerging evidence indicates a bi-directional gut–brain cross-talk in several entero-neuronal pathologies; however, the direct evidence of TRP channels interacting with gut microbial populations is lacking. Herein, we examine whether and how the knockout (KO) of TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels individually or combined TRPA1/V1 double-knockout (dKO) impacts the gut microbiome in mice. We detect distinct microbiome clusters among the three KO mouse models versus wild-type (WT) mice. All three TRP-KO models have reduced microbial diversity, harbor higher abundance of Bacteroidetes, and a reduced proportion of Firmicutes. Specifically distinct arrays in the KO models are determined mainly by S24-7, Bacteroidaceae, Clostridiales, Prevotellaceae, Helicobacteriaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. A1KO mice have lower Prevotella, Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides, Helicobacter and higher Rikenellaceae and Tenericutes; V1KO mice demonstrate higher Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcus, Desulfovibrio and Mucispirillum; and A1V1dKO mice exhibit higher Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and S24-7 and lower Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Oscillospira, Lactobacillus and Sutterella abundance. Furthermore, the abundance of taxa involved in biosynthesis of lipids and primary and secondary bile acids is higher while that of fatty acid biosynthesis-associated taxa is lower in all KO groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating distinct gut microbiome signatures in TRPA1, V1 and dKO models and should facilitate prospective studies exploring novel diagnostic/ therapeutic modalities regarding the pathophysiology of TRP channel proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
| | - Santosh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, NC State Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Department of Internal Medicine-Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-713-5049
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