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Yarahmadi A, Zare M, Aghayari M, Afkhami H, Jafari GA. Therapeutic bacteria and viruses to combat cancer: double-edged sword in cancer therapy: new insights for future. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:239. [PMID: 38654309 PMCID: PMC11040964 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01622-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, ranked as the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, leads to the death of approximately seven million people annually, establishing itself as one of the most significant health challenges globally. The discovery and identification of new anti-cancer drugs that kill or inactivate cancer cells without harming normal and healthy cells and reduce adverse effects on the immune system is a potential challenge in medicine and a fundamental goal in Many studies. Therapeutic bacteria and viruses have become a dual-faceted instrument in cancer therapy. They provide a promising avenue for cancer treatment, but at the same time, they also create significant obstacles and complications that contribute to cancer growth and development. This review article explores the role of bacteria and viruses in cancer treatment, examining their potential benefits and drawbacks. By amalgamating established knowledge and perspectives, this review offers an in-depth examination of the present research landscape within this domain and identifies avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Yarahmadi
- Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mitra Zare
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Aghayari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamed Afkhami
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholam Ali Jafari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
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2
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Parak M, Asgari A, Hasani Nourian Y, Ghanei M. A review of poisoning with various types of biotoxins and its common clinical symptoms. Toxicon 2024; 240:107629. [PMID: 38336277 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biotoxins are toxic substances that originate from living organisms and are harmful to humans. Therefore, we need to know the symptoms of biotoxins poisoning to manage the damage. The purpose of this study is to establish a practical diagnostic protocol for dealing with poisoned patients exposed to biotoxins. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is a review study. Our studied community is articles and books matching the title of the project and relevant keywords. First, by searching the key words sign, symptom, biotoxins, relevant articles were extracted and studied from valid databases. By reviewing the studies based on the search strategy, four groups of biotoxins that were studied the most were identified. These four groups are marine biotoxins, bacterial biotoxins, fungal biotoxins and plant biotoxins. In each of these biotoxin groups, important toxins were selected and studied. RESULTS A total of 1864 articles were initially identified from the databases searched in present study. After screening titles and abstracts, 26 articles were included in the systematic review. Specifically, 7 articles were included for bacterial toxins, 9 articles for marine toxins, 5 articles for plant toxins and 5 articles for fungal toxins. CONCLUSION The symptoms of plant biotoxins poisoning may include cardiovascular, hematologic, neurologic, respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal symptoms, while the symptoms of fungal biotoxins poisoning may include hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, metabolic, respiratory, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms. marine biotoxins poisoning presents with gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms, with varying incubation periods and recovery times. bacterial biotoxins exposure can lead to a wide range of clinical symptoms, with diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain being the most common, and hemoglobinuria or hematuria being a sensitive and specific clinical manifestation for diagnosing ongoing HUS in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Parak
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Asgari
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yazdan Hasani Nourian
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Zhu M, Liu D, Liu G, Zhang M, Pan F. Caspase-Linked Programmed Cell Death in Prostate Cancer: From Apoptosis, Necroptosis, and Pyroptosis to PANoptosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1715. [PMID: 38136586 PMCID: PMC10741419 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex disease and the cause of one of the highest cancer-related mortalities in men worldwide. Annually, more than 1.2 million new cases are diagnosed globally, accounting for 7% of newly diagnosed cancers in men. Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an essential role in removing infected, functionally dispensable, or potentially neoplastic cells. Apoptosis is the canonical form of PCD with no inflammatory responses elicited, and the close relationship between apoptosis and PCa has been well studied. Necroptosis and pyroptosis are two lytic forms of PCD that result in the release of intracellular contents, which induce inflammatory responses. An increasing number of studies have confirmed that necroptosis and pyroptosis are also closely related to the occurrence and progression of PCa. Recently, a novel form of PCD named PANoptosis, which is a combination of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, revealed the attached connection among them and may be a promising target for PCa. Apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis are good examples to better understand the mechanism underlying PCD in PCa. This review aims to summarize the emerging roles and therapeutic potential of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and PANoptosis in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Urology Department of Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou 510000, China;
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; (M.Z.); (D.L.); (M.Z.)
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4
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Kahlert CR, Nigg S, Onder L, Dijkman R, Diener L, Vidal AGJ, Rodriguez R, Vernazza P, Thiel V, Vidal JE, Albrich WC. The quorum sensing com system regulates pneumococcal colonisation and invasive disease in a pseudo-stratified airway tissue model. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127297. [PMID: 36608536 PMCID: PMC9868095 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the com quorum sensing system during colonisation and invasion of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) are poorly understood. METHODS We developed an ex vivo model of differentiated human airway epithelial (HAE) cells with beating ciliae, mucus production and tight junctions to study Spn colonisation and translocation. HAE cells were inoculated with Spn wild-type TIGR4 (wtSpn) or its isogenic ΔcomC quorum sensing-deficient mutant. RESULTS Colonisation density of ΔcomC mutant was lower after 6 h but higher at 19 h and 30 h compared to wtSpn. Translocation correlated inversely with colonisation density. Transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) decreased after pneumococcal inoculation and correlated with increased translocation. Confocal imaging illustrated prominent microcolony formation with wtSpn but disintegration of microcolony structures with ΔcomC mutant. ΔcomC mutant showed greater cytotoxicity than wtSpn, suggesting that cytotoxicity was likely not the mechanism leading to translocation. There was greater density- and time-dependent increase of inflammatory cytokines including NLRP3 inflammasome-related IL-18 after infection with ΔcomC compared with wtSpn. ComC inactivation was associated with increased pneumolysin expression. CONCLUSIONS ComC system allows a higher organisational level of population structure resulting in microcolony formation, increased early colonisation and subsequent translocation. We propose that ComC inactivation unleashes a very different and possibly more virulent phenotype that merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Kahlert
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland; Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, Infectious Disease & Hospital Epidemiology, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Susanne Nigg
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Diener
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ana G Jop Vidal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Regulo Rodriguez
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Vernazza
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jorge E Vidal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, and Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Werner C Albrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Wang H, Zhou X, Li C, Yan S, Feng C, He J, Li Z, Tu C. The emerging role of pyroptosis in pediatric cancers: from mechanism to therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:140. [PMID: 36209102 PMCID: PMC9547461 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancers are the driving cause of death for children and adolescents. Due to safety requirements and considerations, treatment strategies and drugs for pediatric cancers have been so far scarcely studied. It is well known that tumor cells tend to progressively evade cell death pathways, which is known as apoptosis resistance, one of the hallmarks of cancer, dominating tumor drug resistance. Recently, treatments targeting nonapoptotic cell death have drawn great attention. Pyroptosis, a newly specialized form of cell death, acts as a critical physiological regulator in inflammatory reaction, cell development, tissue homeostasis and stress response. The action in different forms of pyroptosis is of great significance in the therapy of pediatric cancers. Pyroptosis could be induced and consequently modulate tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis if treated with local or systemic therapies. However, excessive or uncontrolled cell death might lead to tissue damage, acute inflammation, or even cytokine release syndrome, which facilitates tumor progression or recurrence. Herein, we aimed to describe the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis, to highlight and discuss the challenges and opportunities for activating pyroptosis pathways through various oncologic therapies in multiple pediatric neoplasms, including osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, leukemia, lymphoma, and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenbei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxiang Yan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyao Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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6
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Jing W, Pilato JL, Kay C, Feng S, Tuipulotu DE, Mathur A, Shen C, Ngo C, Zhao A, Miosge LA, Ali SA, Gardiner EE, Awad MM, Lyras D, Robertson AAB, Kaakoush NO, Man SM. Clostridium septicum α-toxin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by engaging GPI-anchored proteins. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm1803. [PMID: 35594341 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium species are a group of Gram-positive bacteria that cause diseases in humans, such as food poisoning, botulism, and tetanus. Here, we analyzed 10 different Clostridium species and identified that Clostridium septicum, a pathogen that causes sepsis and gas gangrene, activates the mammalian cytosolic inflammasome complex in mice and humans. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that α-toxin secreted by C. septicum binds to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on the host plasma membrane, oligomerizing and forming a membrane pore that is permissive to efflux of magnesium and potassium ions. Efflux of these cytosolic ions triggers the activation of the innate immune sensor NLRP3, inducing activation of caspase-1 and gasdermin D, secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, pyroptosis, and plasma membrane rupture via ninjurin-1. Furthermore, α-toxin of C. septicum induces rapid inflammasome-mediated lethality in mice and pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome using MCC950 prevents C. septicum-induced lethality. Overall, our results reveal that cytosolic innate sensing of α-toxin is central to the recognition of C. septicum infection and that therapeutic blockade of the inflammasome pathway may prevent sepsis and death caused by toxin-producing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Jing
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jordan Lo Pilato
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Callum Kay
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Shouya Feng
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anukriti Mathur
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Cheng Shen
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Chinh Ngo
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anyang Zhao
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Lisa A Miosge
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sidra A Ali
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- Division of Genome Science and Cancer, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Milena M Awad
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Si Ming Man
- Division of Immunity, Inflammation and Infection, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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7
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Reprogramming of Cell Death Pathways by Bacterial Effectors as a Widespread Virulence Strategy. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0061421. [PMID: 35467397 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00614-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of programmed cell death (PCD) processes during bacterial infections is an evolving arms race between pathogens and their hosts. The initiation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis pathways are essential to immunity against many intracellular and extracellular bacteria. These cellular self-destructive mechanisms are used by the infected host to restrict and eliminate bacterial pathogens. Without a tight regulatory control, host cell death can become a double-edged sword. Inflammatory PCDs contribute to an effective immune response against pathogens, but unregulated inflammation aggravates the damage caused by bacterial infections. Thus, fine-tuning of these pathways is required to resolve infection while preserving the host immune homeostasis. In turn, bacterial pathogens have evolved secreted virulence factors or effector proteins that manipulate PCD pathways to promote infection. In this review, we discuss the importance of controlled cell death in immunity to bacterial infection. We also detail the mechanisms employed by type 3 secreted bacterial effectors to bypass these pathways and their importance in bacterial pathogenesis.
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8
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Tummers B, Green DR. The evolution of regulated cell death pathways in animals and their evasion by pathogens. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:411-454. [PMID: 34898294 PMCID: PMC8676434 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00002.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coevolution of host-pathogen interactions underlies many human physiological traits associated with protection from or susceptibility to infections. Among the mechanisms that animals utilize to control infections are the regulated cell death pathways of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Over the course of evolution these pathways have become intricate and complex, coevolving with microbes that infect animal hosts. Microbes, in turn, have evolved strategies to interfere with the pathways of regulated cell death to avoid eradication by the host. Here, we present an overview of the mechanisms of regulated cell death in Animalia and the strategies devised by pathogens to interfere with these processes. We review the molecular pathways of regulated cell death, their roles in infection, and how they are perturbed by viruses and bacteria, providing insights into the coevolution of host-pathogen interactions and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Tummers
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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9
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Heiser D, Rubert J, Unterreiner A, Maurer C, Kamke M, Bodendorf U, Farady CJ, Roediger B, Bornancin F. Evaluation of protein kinase D auto-phosphorylation as biomarker for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248668. [PMID: 34767572 PMCID: PMC8589197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical component of sterile inflammation, which is involved in many diseases. However, there is currently no known proximal biomarker for measuring NLRP3 activation in pathological conditions. Protein kinase D (PKD) has emerged as an important NLRP3 kinase that catalyzes the release of a phosphorylated NLRP3 species that is competent for inflammasome complex assembly. METHODS To explore the potential for PKD activation to serve as a selective biomarker of the NLRP3 pathway, we tested various stimulatory conditions in THP-1 and U937 cell lines, probing the inflammasome space beyond NLRP3. We analyzed the correlation between PKD activation (monitored by its auto-phosphorylation) and functional inflammasome readouts. RESULTS PKD activation/auto-phosphorylation always preceded cleavage of caspase-1 and gasdermin D, and treatment with the PKD inhibitor CRT0066101 could block NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and interleukin-1β production. Conversely, blocking NLRP3 either genetically or using the MCC950 inhibitor prevented PKD auto-phosphorylation, indicating a bidirectional functional crosstalk between NLRP3 and PKD. Further assessments of the pyrin and NLRC4 pathways, however, revealed that PKD auto-phosphorylation can be triggered by a broad range of stimuli unrelated to NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. CONCLUSION Although PKD and NLRP3 become functionally interconnected during NLRP3 activation, the promiscuous reactivity of PKD challenges its potential use for tracing the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Heiser
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joëlle Rubert
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adeline Unterreiner
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudine Maurer
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marion Kamke
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Bodendorf
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Farady
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ben Roediger
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Bornancin
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation & Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Diaz-del-Olmo I, Worboys J, Martin-Sanchez F, Gritsenko A, Ambrose AR, Tannahill GM, Nichols EM, Lopez-Castejon G, Davis DM. Internalization of the Membrane Attack Complex Triggers NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and IL-1β Secretion in Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720655. [PMID: 34650553 PMCID: PMC8506164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) plays a major role in inflammation and is secreted by immune cells, such as macrophages, upon recognition of danger signals. Its secretion is regulated by the inflammasome, the assembly of which results in caspase 1 activation leading to gasdermin D (GSDMD) pore formation and IL-1β release. During inflammation, danger signals also activate the complement cascade, resulting in the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC). Here, we report that stimulation of LPS-primed human macrophages with sub-lytic levels of MAC results in activation of the NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and GSDMD-mediated IL-1β release. The MAC is first internalized into endosomes and then colocalizes with inflammasome components; adapter protein apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and NLRP3. Pharmacological inhibitors established that MAC-triggered activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was dependent on MAC endocytosis. Internalization of the MAC also caused dispersion of the trans-Golgi network. Thus, these data uncover a role for the MAC in activating the inflammasome and triggering IL-1β release in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Diaz-del-Olmo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Worboys
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fatima Martin-Sanchez
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Gritsenko
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley R. Ambrose
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gloria Lopez-Castejon
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Davis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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11
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Ziauddin SM, Alam MI, Mae M, Oohira M, Higuchi K, Yamashita Y, Ozaki Y, Yoshimura A. Cytotoxic effects of dental calculus particles and freeze-dried Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum on HSC-2 oral epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages. J Periodontol 2021; 93:e92-e103. [PMID: 34486125 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by dental deposits. Microorganisms in the dental biofilm induce cell death in epithelial cells, contributing to the breakdown of epithelial barrier function. Recently, dental calculus has also been implicated in pyroptotic cell death in oral epithelium. We analyzed the cytotoxic effects of dental calculus and freeze-dried periodontopathic bacteria on oral epithelial cells and macrophages. METHODS HSC-2 (human oral squamous carcinoma cells) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-differentiated THP-1 macrophages were exposed to dental calculus or one of two species of freeze-dried bacterium, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Following incubation for 24 hours, we measured cytotoxicity via lactate dehydrogenase release. Cells were then incubated with glyburide, an NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, to assess the potential role of pyroptosis. We also conducted a permeability assay to analyze the effects on epithelial barrier function. RESULTS Dental calculus induced dose-dependent cell death in HSC-2 cells, whereas cell death induced by freeze-dried bacteria was insignificant. Conversely, freeze-dried bacteria induced more cell death than dental calculus in THP-1 macrophages. Cell death induced by dental calculus but not by freeze-dried bacteria was inhibited by glyburide, indicating that these are different types of cell death. In the permeability assays, dental calculus but not freeze-dried bacteria attenuated the barrier function of HSC-2 cell monolayers. CONCLUSION Due to the low sensitivity of HSC-2 cells to microbial cytotoxicity, dental calculus had stronger cytotoxic effects on HSC-2 cell monolayers than freeze-dried A. actinomycetemcomitans and F. nucleatum, suggesting that it plays a critical role in the breakdown of crevicular/pocket epithelium integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Ziauddin
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mohammad Ibtehaz Alam
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Megumi Mae
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Oohira
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kanako Higuchi
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yamashita
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsutoshi Yoshimura
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Richter J, Brouwer S, Schroder K, Walker MJ. Inflammasome activation and IL-1β signalling in group A Streptococcus disease. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13373. [PMID: 34155776 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent clinical evidence suggests that the inflammatory marker interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays an important role in GAS disease progression, and presents a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Interaction with GAS activates the host inflammasome pathway to stimulate production and secretion of IL-1β, but GAS can also stimulate IL-1β production in an inflammasome-independent manner. This review highlights progress that has been made in understanding the importance of host cell inflammasomes and IL-1 signalling in GAS disease, and explores challenges and unsolved problems in this host-pathogen interaction. TAKE AWAY: Inflammasome signalling during GAS infection is an emerging field of research. GAS modulates the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway through multiple mechanisms. SpeB contributes to IL-1β production independently of the inflammasome pathway. IL-1β signalling can be host-protective, but also drive severe GAS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Richter
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephan Brouwer
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Lopez Chiloeches M, Bergonzini A, Frisan T. Bacterial Toxins Are a Never-Ending Source of Surprises: From Natural Born Killers to Negotiators. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:426. [PMID: 34204481 PMCID: PMC8235270 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The idea that bacterial toxins are not only killers but also execute more sophisticated roles during bacteria-host interactions by acting as negotiators has been highlighted in the past decades. Depending on the toxin, its cellular target and mode of action, the final regulatory outcome can be different. In this review, we have focused on two families of bacterial toxins: genotoxins and pore-forming toxins, which have different modes of action but share the ability to modulate the host's immune responses, independently of their capacity to directly kill immune cells. We have addressed their immuno-suppressive effects with the perspective that these may help bacteria to avoid clearance by the host's immune response and, concomitantly, limit detrimental immunopathology. These are optimal conditions for the establishment of a persistent infection, eventually promoting asymptomatic carriers. This immunomodulatory effect can be achieved with different strategies such as suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, re-polarization of the immune response from a pro-inflammatory to a tolerogenic state, and bacterial fitness modulation to favour tissue colonization while preventing bacteraemia. An imbalance in each of those effects can lead to disease due to either uncontrolled bacterial proliferation/invasion, immunopathology, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Frisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.C.); (A.B.)
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