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Passali CG, Santantonio M, Passali D. The current possibilities of diagnosing and therapies for olfactory disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:973-983. [PMID: 38935483 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2368243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfactory disorders significantly affect individuals, diminishing their capacity to detect dangers, appreciate flavors, and engage socially. Despite their considerable impact on quality of life, these disorders often receive less attention compared to other sensory impairments. This review emphasizes the importance of olfactory function and explores both traditional and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. AREAS COVERED This review comprehensively covers the pathophysiology, diagnostic challenges, and treatment options for olfactory disorders. It delves into the nuances of different disorders, such as anosmia and parosmia, and discusses the array of diagnostic tools from traditional sniff tests to advanced imaging techniques. The review also evaluates therapeutic strategies, from pharmacological treatments to emerging therapies like electrical stimulation and regenerative medicine, highlighting recent advances in the field. EXPERT OPINION Current insights suggest a growing recognition of the significance of olfactory disorders, driven by recent pandemics and advances in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. Future perspectives indicate a promising direction toward more personalized medicine approaches and enhanced regenerative therapies. Continuous research and improved clinical awareness are critical for evolving the management strategies of olfactory impairments, potentially leading to better patient outcomes and quality of life enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Giulio Passali
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariaconsiglia Santantonio
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Desiderio Passali
- IFOS Former President, ORL Head and Neck Surgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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2
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Justich MB, Rojas OL, Fasano A. The Role of Helicobacter pylori and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Parkinson's Disease. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:553-561. [PMID: 37562451 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology remains largely unexplained. Several studies have aimed to describe a causative effect in the interactions between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain, for both PD pathogenesis and disease course. However, the results have been controversial. Helicobacter pylori and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) are theorized to be agents capable of triggering chronic proinflammatory changes with a possible neurotoxic effect, as well as a cause of erratic L-dopa response in PD patients. This review evaluates the individual and possibly synergistic influence of H. pylori and SIBO on PD, to provide an opportunity to consider prospective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Justich
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga L Rojas
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alfonso Fasano
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Rehabilitation, Moriggia-Pelascini Hospital - Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
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Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa ND, Albers MW, Altundag A, Appenzeller S, Costanzo RM, Croy I, Davis GE, Dehgani-Mobaraki P, Doty RL, Duffy VB, Goldstein BJ, Gudis DA, Haehner A, Higgins TS, Hopkins C, Huart C, Hummel T, Jitaroon K, Kern RC, Khanwalkar AR, Kobayashi M, Kondo K, Lane AP, Lechner M, Leopold DA, Levy JM, Marmura MJ, Mclelland L, Miwa T, Moberg PJ, Mueller CA, Nigwekar SU, O'Brien EK, Paunescu TG, Pellegrino R, Philpott C, Pinto JM, Reiter ER, Roalf DR, Rowan NR, Schlosser RJ, Schwob J, Seiden AM, Smith TL, Soler ZM, Sowerby L, Tan BK, Thamboo A, Wrobel B, Yan CH. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:327-680. [PMID: 35373533 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding clinical olfaction, olfactory loss, and olfactory dysfunction has expanded rapidly over the past two decades, with an exponential rise in the past year. There is substantial variability in the quality of this literature and a need to consolidate and critically review the evidence. It is with that aim that we have gathered experts from around the world to produce this International Consensus on Allergy and Rhinology: Olfaction (ICAR:O). METHODS Using previously described methodology, specific topics were developed relating to olfaction. Each topic was assigned a literature review, evidence-based review, or evidence-based review with recommendations format as dictated by available evidence and scope within the ICAR:O document. Following iterative reviews of each topic, the ICAR:O document was integrated and reviewed by all authors for final consensus. RESULTS The ICAR:O document reviews nearly 100 separate topics within the realm of olfaction, including diagnosis, epidemiology, disease burden, diagnosis, testing, etiology, treatment, and associated pathologies. CONCLUSION This critical review of the existing clinical olfaction literature provides much needed insight and clarity into the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with olfactory dysfunction, while also clearly delineating gaps in our knowledge and evidence base that we should investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara M Patel
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric H Holbrook
- Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin H Turner
- Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nithin D Adappa
- Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark W Albers
- Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aytug Altundag
- Otolaryngology, Biruni University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Simone Appenzeller
- Rheumatology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard M Costanzo
- Physiology and Biophysics and Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ilona Croy
- Psychology and Psychosomatic Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg E Davis
- Otolaryngology, Proliance Surgeons, Seattle and Puyallup, Washington, USA
| | - Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
- Associazione Naso Sano, Umbria Regional Registry of Volunteer Activities, Corciano, Italy
| | - Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Otolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Valerie B Duffy
- Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David A Gudis
- Otolaryngology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Antje Haehner
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas S Higgins
- Otolaryngology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Otolaryngology, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London Bridge Hospital, London, UK
| | - Caroline Huart
- Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholgique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell and Taste, Otolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Robert C Kern
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashoke R Khanwalkar
- Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Kenji Kondo
- Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matt Lechner
- Otolaryngology, Barts Health and University College London, London, UK
| | - Donald A Leopold
- Otolaryngology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Joshua M Levy
- Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Neurology Thomas Jefferson University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisha Mclelland
- Otolaryngology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Takaki Miwa
- Otolaryngology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Paul J Moberg
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sagar U Nigwekar
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin K O'Brien
- Otolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Teodor G Paunescu
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Carl Philpott
- Otolaryngology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Otolaryngology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan R Reiter
- Otolaryngology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David R Roalf
- Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney J Schlosser
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - James Schwob
- Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allen M Seiden
- Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy L Smith
- Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Zachary M Soler
- Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Leigh Sowerby
- Otolaryngology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce K Tan
- Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bozena Wrobel
- Otolaryngology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carol H Yan
- Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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Trentin S, Fraiman de Oliveira BS, Ferreira Felloni Borges Y, de Mello Rieder CR. Systematic review and meta-analysis of Sniffin Sticks Test performance in Parkinson's disease patients in different countries. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:1123-1145. [PMID: 34319482 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfaction impairment occurs in about 90% of patients with Parkinson's disease. The Sniffin Sticks Test is a widely used instrument to measure olfactory performance and is divided into three subtests that assess olfactory threshold, discrimination and identification. However, cultural and socioeconomic differences can influence test performance. OBJECTIVES We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existent data about Sniffin Sticks Test performance of Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls in different countries and investigated if there are other cofactors which could influence the olfactory test results. A subgroup analysis by country was performed as well as a meta-regression using age, gender and air pollution as covariates. RESULTS Four hundred and thirty studies were found and 66 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Parkinson's disease patients showed significantly lower scores on the Sniffin Sticks Test and all its subtests than healthy controls. Overall, the heterogeneity among studies was moderate to high as well as the intra-country heterogeneity. The subgroup analysis, stratifying by country, maintained a high residual heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The meta-regression showed a significant correlation with age and air pollution in a few subtests. A high heterogeneity was found among studies which was not significantly decreased after subgroup analysis by country. This fact signalizes that maybe cultural influence has a small impact on the Sniffin Sticks Test results. Age and air pollution have influence in a few olfactory subtests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Trentin
- Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690, Ipiranga Avenue, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Samuel Fraiman de Oliveira
- Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690, Ipiranga Avenue, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Yuri Ferreira Felloni Borges
- Hospital São Lucas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 6690, Ipiranga Avenue, Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
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Invalid Self-Assessment of Olfactory Functioning in Parkinson's Disease Patients May Mislead the Neurologist. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 2020:7548394. [PMID: 33274040 PMCID: PMC7683170 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7548394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a prominent nonmotor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), and OD is a supportive diagnostic criterion for PD. Physicians often ask their patients if they have noticed a smell disorder. This study evaluates the diagnostic validity of OD self-assessment in PD. To this end, 64 PD patients and 33 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled in a study assessing subjective and objective olfactory functioning. To examine subjective olfactory abilities, first, patients and controls had to classify their olfactory sense as “impaired” or “unimpaired,” comparable to a realistic situation in an outpatient setting. Second, to evaluate subjective olfactory acuity, a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used. Third, the Sniffin' Sticks test battery was used as an objective instrument to diagnose OD. Categorical olfactory self-assessment predicts the classification normosmic versus hyposmic based on the global Sniffin' Sticks score (TDI) with a sensitivity of 0.79 and a specificity of 0.45. TDI correlated significantly with the VAS (r = 0.297, p = 0.017). The ROC curve analysis, using the VAS rating as a predictor for objective olfaction, revealed 42 as the best possible cutoff score with an area under the curve of 0.63. These results demonstrate that olfactory self-assessments show a low accuracy and are not suitable for the diagnosis of a smell disorder in PD. Objective measures are necessary to evaluate olfactory sense in clinical and research settings.
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Zhou Y, He R, Zhao Y, He Y, Hu Y, Sun Q, Xu Q, Tan J, Yan X, Tang B, Guo J. Olfactory Dysfunction and Its Relationship With Clinical Features of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:526615. [PMID: 33178098 PMCID: PMC7596377 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.526615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To conduct an investigation into the reliability of assessing the olfactory function of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in a clinical setting of crowding patients in populated countries, such as China, by the hyposmia rating scale (HRS) and compare other non-motor features between patients with PD with olfactory dysfunction (PD-OD) and patients with PD without olfactory dysfunction (PD-NOD), according to the result of olfactory function assessed by the Sniffin' Sticks test. Methods: A total of 320 patients with clinically confirmed or clinically possible PD were recruited. Olfactory function of all participants was assessed with the HRS and the Sniffin' Sticks test. Demographic data and clinical information were collected, and patients were evaluated using standardized assessment protocols. With reference to the Sniffin' Sticks test, the specificity, sensitivity, coincidence rate, and kappa value of the HRS was computed, and then its reliability was evaluated. We divided patients into PD-OD and PD-NOD groups based on the results of olfactory function assessed by the Sniffin' Sticks test. Clinical manifestations were compared between PD-OD and PD-NOD. Results: The percentage of patients with OD determined by the Sniffin' Sticks test was 65.6%, and the percentage of those with OD was 55.6% when using the HRS measured olfactory function. With reference to the Sniffin' Sticks test, the specificity, sensitivity, coincidence rate, and kappa value of the HRS were 82.73, 75.71, 78.13%, and 0.55, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the HRS was 0.793. There were no differences in demographic characteristics between the PD-OD and PD-NOD groups. The patients with hyposmia had more severe non-motor symptoms. Conclusion: The HRS is of great value as a self-assessment scale for evaluating olfactory function, especially in PD patients over 55 years old. Moreover, PD patients with hyposmia have more severe non-motor features than PD patients without hyposmia, mainly in terms of mood and constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Runcheng He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yacen Hu
- Department of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiying Sun
- Department of Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinxiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
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POSCAbilities: The Application of the Prion Organotypic Slice Culture Assay to Neurodegenerative Disease Research. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071079. [PMID: 32698402 PMCID: PMC7407827 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal, transmissible neurodegenerative disorders whose pathogenesis is driven by the misfolding, self-templating and cell-to-cell spread of the prion protein. Other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington’s disease, share some of these prion-like features, with different aggregation-prone proteins. Consequently, researchers have begun to apply prion-specific techniques, like the prion organotypic slice culture assay (POSCA), to these disorders. In this review we explore the ways in which the prion phenomenon has been used in organotypic cultures to study neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of protein aggregation and spreading, strain propagation, the role of glia in pathogenesis, and efficacy of drug treatments. We also present an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of this culture system compared to in vivo and in vitro models and provide suggestions for new directions.
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Chase BA, Markopoulou K. Olfactory Dysfunction in Familial and Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:447. [PMID: 32547477 PMCID: PMC7273509 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This minireview discusses our current understanding of the olfactory dysfunction that is frequently observed in sporadic and familial forms of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonian syndromes. We review the salient characteristics of olfactory dysfunction in these conditions, discussing its prevalence and characteristics, how neuronal processes and circuits are altered in Parkinson's disease, and what is assessed by clinically used measures of olfactory function. We highlight how studies of monogenic Parkinson's disease and investigations in ethnically diverse populations have contributed to understanding the mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss how imaging and system-level approaches have been used to understand the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction. We discuss the challenging, remaining gaps in understanding the basis of olfactory dysfunction in neurodegeneration. We propose that insights could be obtained by following longitudinal cohorts with familial forms of Parkinson's disease using a combination of approaches: a multifaceted longitudinal assessment of olfactory function during disease progression is essential to identify not only how dysfunction arises, but also to address its relationship to motor and non-motor Parkinson's disease symptoms. An assessment of cohorts having monogenic forms of Parkinson's disease, available within the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEoPD), as well as other international consortia, will have heuristic value in addressing the complexity of olfactory dysfunction in the context of the neurodegenerative process. This will inform our understanding of Parkinson's disease as a multisystem disorder and facilitate the more effective use of olfactory dysfunction assessment in identifying prodromal Parkinson's disease and understanding disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Chase
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Katerina Markopoulou
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Trifonova OP, Maslov DL, Balashova EE, Urazgildeeva GR, Abaimov DA, Fedotova EY, Poleschuk VV, Illarioshkin SN, Lokhov PG. Parkinson's Disease: Available Clinical and Promising Omics Tests for Diagnostics, Disease Risk Assessment, and Pharmacotherapy Personalization. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E339. [PMID: 32466249 PMCID: PMC7277996 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, representing a significant medical and socio-economic problem. Modern medicine still has no answer to the question of why Parkinson's disease develops and whether it is possible to develop an effective system of prevention. Therefore, active work is currently underway to find ways to assess the risks of the disease, as well as a means to extend the life of patients and improve its quality. Modern studies aim to create a method of assessing the risk of occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD), to search for the specific ways of correction of biochemical disorders occurring in the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease, and to personalize approaches to antiparkinsonian pharmacotherapy. In this review, we summarized all available clinically approved tests and techniques for PD diagnostics. Then, we reviewed major improvements and recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics studies and application of metabolomics in PD research, and discussed the major metabolomics findings for diagnostics and therapy of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana P. Trifonova
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Dmitri L. Maslov
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Elena E. Balashova
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Guzel R. Urazgildeeva
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Denis A. Abaimov
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Ekaterina Yu. Fedotova
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Vsevolod V. Poleschuk
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Sergey N. Illarioshkin
- 5th Neurological Department (Department of Neurogenetics), Research Centre of Neurology, Volokolamskoe shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia; (G.R.U.); (D.A.A.); (E.Y.F.); (V.V.P.); (S.N.I.)
| | - Petr G. Lokhov
- Laboratory of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 building 8, Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.M.); (E.E.B.); (P.G.L.)
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10
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Pal P, Shepherd D, Hamid N, Hautus MJ. The use of freeze-dried retronasal stimuli to assess olfactory function. Clin Otolaryngol 2019; 44:770-777. [PMID: 31199078 DOI: 10.1111/coa.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate a test of olfactory perception that uses freeze-dried stimuli developed to rapidly release aromas capable of migrating to the olfactory mucosa retronasally. DESIGN Validation study. SETTING Psychology and Chemistry Departments. PARTICIPANTS First, 15 participants provided data for psychometric functions. Second, 70 participants made perceptual judgments of retronasal stimuli. Inclusion criterion included informed consent and a satisfactory Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation result. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES First, psychometric functions were generated for two types of freeze-dried stimuli (coffee and orange) using the Single-Interval Adjustment Matrix method. Second, participants provided ratings of pleasantness, intensity, and familiarity and performed a standardised identification test using seven retronasally presented aromas alongside the previously validated Sniffin' Sticks orthonasal olfactory test. RESULTS Psychometric functions indicated a dose-response relationship between aroma concentration and probability of detection. Test-retest reliability of the retronasal stimuli was acceptable (r70 = 0.72, P < 0.001), and identification scores were not dependent on testing method (ie, retronasal vs Sniffin' Sticks). Stimuli delivered using the Sniffin' Sticks test were rated more pleasant than their retronasal counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Freeze-dried retronasal stimuli offer an easy-to-use and rapid means to test olfaction function and are arguably well suited for clinical practice, but require further development and trialing prior to the adoption in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Pal
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Shepherd
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nazimah Hamid
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Hautus
- Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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11
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Degirmenci N, Veyseller B, Hanagasi H, Bilgic B, Gurbuz D, Toprak A, Ozturan O. Olfactory function and olfactory bulb volume in Wilson's disease. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 276:139-142. [PMID: 30467777 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the olfactory function and the olfactory bulb (OB) volume changes in Wilson's Disease (WD) patients. METHODS A prospective, controlled, single-blinded study was planned. 12 patients with WD (Group 1) and 12 healthy subjects (Group 2) were included in the study. Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) test was applied to evaluate olfactory functions. OB volumes were measured with a 1.5 T General Electric Signa Excite MRI scanner. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the CCCRC scores of the two groups (p < 0.05). The difference of the OB volumes of the two groups was insignificant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS WD patients are likely to experience olfactory dysfunction, so its assessment may be a useful tool to the follow-up care of these patients, although further studies are needed to evaluate correlations in WD evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazan Degirmenci
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bayram Veyseller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasmet Hanagasi
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basar Bilgic
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Defne Gurbuz
- Department of Radiology, Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Toprak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orhan Ozturan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Pagano G, Yousaf T, Wilson H, Niccolini F, Polychronis S, Chaudhuri KR, Politis M. Constipation is not associated with dopamine transporter pathology in early drug-naïve patients with Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2017; 25:307-312. [PMID: 29078029 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Constipation is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Deposition of α-synuclein inclusions that spread from the gut to the substantia nigra through the vagus nerve has recently been speculated to be a pre-motor and early stage of PD. The aim of the study was to investigate whether constipation is associated with dopaminergic pathology on dopamine transporter (DAT) single-photon emission computed tomography in early drug-naïve patients with PD. Our hypothesis was that constipation is associated with other signs of pre-motor PD and is independent of DAT pathology. We then investigated for associations with motor and non-motor symptoms, and with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of PD pathology. METHODS Using the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database, we investigated the prevalence of constipation and the association between constipation and clinical features, striatal [123 I]Ioflupane uptake and non-imaging (cerebrospinal fluid and serum) biomarkers. Constipation was evaluated using Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part I item 1.11. RESULTS One third (132/398) of de-novo patients with PD had constipation. Higher severity of constipation correlated with older age (r = 0.728, P < 0.001), higher MDS-UPDRS total score (r = 0.285, P < 0.001), worse postural instability (r = 0.190, P = 0.012), rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (r = 0.228, P < 0.0001) and depression (r = 0.187, P = 0.024). No correlation was found with cerebrospinal fluid, serum and imaging markers of PD pathology. CONCLUSIONS Constipation was not associated with DAT pathology but with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and depression, which are speculated to be pre-motor symptoms of PD. This confirms the hypothesis that constipation may be a pre-motor sign of PD due to an impairment of non-dopaminergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pagano
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London and Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - T Yousaf
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London and Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - H Wilson
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London and Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Niccolini
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London and Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Polychronis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London and Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - K R Chaudhuri
- National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London and Kings College Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,National Parkinson Foundation International Centre of Excellence, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London and Kings College Hospital, London, UK
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