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Kliszczewicz B, Wilner G, Canino A, Chung P, Nickel A, Vaughan K, McLester C, Buresh R. Autonomic Rebound Following Maximal Exercise in Bodybuilders and Recreationally Active Participants. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:143. [PMID: 38921837 PMCID: PMC11207963 DOI: 10.3390/sports12060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The off-season for natural bodybuilders (BB) is characterized by increased training loads and fluctuations in caloric intake, which may lead to insufficient recovery. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a pivotal role in recovery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate resting ANS activity and recovery following a maximal exercise bout in off-season BB and compare them to those of recreationally active individuals. Fifteen males participated; 7 recreationally active (RA) (24.6 ± 2.1 years, 81.1 ± 10.8 kg) and 8 BB (21.8 ± 2.9 years, 89.3 ± 13.0 kg). Each performed a graded exercise test. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured at rest and during a 45 min recovery period. HRV was analyzed as: root mean square of successive differences (lnRMSSD), standard deviation of normal-to-normal sinus beats (lnSDNN), high frequency (lnHF), low frequency (lnLF), and the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (lnLF/lnHF). A one-way ANOVA showed no differences for any resting marker of HRV, HR, and HR recovery. A significant depression in all markers of HRV was observed in the BB group at the 15 min point, and no recovery was observed before 45 min when compared to RA. The results of this study demonstrated depressed HRV recovery following the graded exercise test in BB when compared to the RA group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA; (G.W.); (A.C.); (P.C.); (A.N.); (K.V.); (C.M.); (R.B.)
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Cardiac autonomic responses to high-intensity kettlebell training in untrained young women: A pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Freitas MCD, Ricci-Vitor AL, de Oliveira JVNS, Quizzini GH, Vanderlei LCM, Silva BSA, Zanchi NE, Cholewa JM, Lira FS, Rossi FE. Appetite Is Suppressed After Full-Body Resistance Exercise Compared With Split-Body Resistance Exercise: The Potential Influence of Lactate and Autonomic Modulation. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:2532-2540. [PMID: 31145383 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Conrado de Freitas, M, Ricci-Vitor, AL, de Oliveira, JVNS, Quizzini, GH, Vanderlei, LCM, Silva, BSA, Zanchi, NE, Cholewa, JM, Lira, FS, and Rossi, FE. Appetite is suppressed after full-body resistance exercise compared with split-body resistance exercise: the potential influence of lactate and autonomic modulation. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2532-2540, 2021-The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of full- vs. split-body resistance training on appetite and leptin response and to verify the potential involvement of lactate and autonomic modulation during this response in trained men. Twelve recreationally resistance-trained men (age = 26.1 ± 5.5 years) performed 3 randomized trials in 3 conditions: upper body (UB), lower body (LB), and full body (FB). The subjective rating of hunger was obtained through a visual analog scale. Leptin and lactate concentration were evaluated at rest, immediately after exercise, and during recovery. Heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains was recorded at baseline and during recovery (until 60 minutes after exercise) to assess autonomic modulation. The FB condition induced lower subjective hunger ratings than the UB at Post-1 hour (p < 0.05) and a significant difference in the area under the curve between conditions (p = 0.028) with lower hunger sensation for FB in relation to UB (p = 0.041). The FB presented greater lactate concentration and induced slower heart rate variability recovery in relation to UB and LB conditions (p < 0.05), and heart rate variability remained lower until 60 minutes after exercise compared with rest only in the FB condition. There was a significant negative correlation between subjective hunger ratings and lactate concentration only for the FB condition (r = -0.72, p = 0.028). Full-body resistance exercise induced lower subjective hunger ratings after exercise in relation to UB resistance exercise. The FB also induced higher lactate production and slower recovery of autonomic modulation compared with the UB and LB conditions. Future research is necessary to investigate a mechanistic relationship between lactate concentrations and hunger suppression after resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Conrado de Freitas
- Department of Physical Education, Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L Ricci-Vitor
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joao Vitor N S de Oliveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Henrique Quizzini
- Department of Physical Education, Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz C M Vanderlei
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna S A Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelo Eidy Zanchi
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), Sao Luis, Maranhao, Brazil
| | - Jason M Cholewa
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina
| | - Fabio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Eduardo Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, Brazil ; and
- Associate Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Djordjevic T, Arena R, Guazzi M, Popovic D. Prognostic Value of NT-Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide During Exercise Recovery in Ischemic Heart Failure of Reduced, Midrange, and Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2021; 41:282-287. [PMID: 32947324 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of heart failure (HF), which continues to carry a high mortality despite considerable improvements in diagnosis and treatment. N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) measured at rest is a recognized diagnostic and prognostic marker of HF of reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF); however, its value in patients with HF of midranged/preserved ejection fraction (HFmrEF/HFpEF) is not well established. We examined the prognostic value of NT-pro-BNP during recovery from exercise in patients with ischemic HF (IHF) of any ejection fraction. METHODS Patients (n = 213) with HF (123 HFrEF, 90 HFmrEF/HFpEF) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Doppler echocardiography was used to estimate resting pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE). NT-pro-BNP was determined at rest, peak exercise, and after 1 min of exercise recovery. RESULTS Patients with HFrEF had higher plasma levels of NT-pro-BNP at rest, peak exercise, and recovery than those with HFmrEF/HFpEF (984 ± 865 vs 780 ± 805; 1012 ± 956 vs 845 ± 895; 990 ± 1013 vs 808 ± 884 pg/mL; P < .01, respectively), whereas ΔNT-pro-BNP peak/rest and ΔNT-pro-BNP recovery/peak were similar (60 ± 100 vs 50 ± 96; -25 ± 38 vs -20 ± 41 pg/mL, P > .05). During the tracking period (22.4 ± 20.3 mo), 34 patients died, 2 underwent cardiac transplantation, and 3 had left ventricular assist device implantation. In a multivariate regression model, only NT-pro-BNP during exercise recovery and TAPSE/PASP were retained in the regression for the prediction of adverse events (χ2 = 11.4, P <.001). CONCLUSIONS NT-pro-BNP value during exercise recovery may be a robust predictor of adverse events in patients with IHF across a wide range of ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Djordjevic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Ms Djordjevic); Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University at Illinois, Chicago (Dr Arena); Heart Failure Unit and Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, University Cardiology Department, IRCCS, Policlinico San Donato University Hospital, Milan, Italy (Dr Guazzi); and Clinical Center Serbia, Department of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia (Dr Popovic)
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Martinez-Navarro I, Montoya A, Mateo-March M, Blasco-Lafarga C. Heart rate dynamics and lactate following high-intensity race-pace continuous vs interval workouts in highly trained athletes. Physiol Int 2021; 108:303-316. [PMID: 34181564 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to compare the physiological responses of high-intensity race-pace continuous vs. interval workouts commonly used in middle-distance athletics, by means of analyzing post-exercise cardiac autonomic regulation and lactate. METHODS Nineteen highly-trained 800-m male runners were asked to run a 600-m race-pace continuous workout and a 2 × 4 × 200-m interval training, counterbalanced and randomized within one week of difference. Blood lactate jointly with linear and nonlinear heart rate dynamics were assessed during the immediate 15-min recovery. Age-category (Under23-Senior vs. Juvenile-Junior) was considered as an inter-subject factor. RESULTS Peak lactate was higher following the interval training (15.51 ± 0.99 vs 13.83 ± 1.77 mmol L-1; P < 0.05) whereas lactate removal was almost nonexistent 15 min after both workouts (between 0 and 16%). Vagal modulation (ln RMSSD and lnRMSSD to RR ratio) remained significantly depressed at the end of recovery following both workouts, although the alteration was larger following the interval training. Detrended Fluctuation Analysis evidenced a more random HR behavior (DFA1 closer to 0.5) during the first 9 min of recovery after the interval training, whereas no significant change was observed in heart rate complexity (SampEn). Neither were differences found in post-exercise lactate and HR dynamics as a function of age-category. CONCLUSIONS High-intensity workouts commonly used in middle-distance athletics, both race-pace continuous and intervallic approaches, induce a large depression of vagal modulation in highly trained runners, although interval trainings appear to induce even a greater alteration of both linear and nonlinear HR dynamics and a higher post-exercise peak lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Martinez-Navarro
- 1Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- 2Sports Health Unit, 9 de Octubre Vithas Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Montoya
- 1Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- 2Sports Health Unit, 9 de Octubre Vithas Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - C Blasco-Lafarga
- 1Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Vidojevic D, Seman S, Lasica R, Tesic M, Matutinovic MS, Jovicic S, Ignjatovic S, Arena R, Damjanovic S, Popovic D. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone during exercise recovery has prognostic value for coronary artery disease. Hormones (Athens) 2021; 20:381-387. [PMID: 33523420 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) has proven cardiovascular effects and plays a significant role as an endogenous countermeasure to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of the current study was to examine the response of alpha-MSH during exercise in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) and evaluate its value in the assessment of severity and prognosis. METHODS Forty subjects with documented CAD (i.e., lesions on coronary angiography ≥ 50%) were included. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill (TM) and recumbent ergometer (RE) were performed on two visits, 2-4 days apart, during 2 months of coronary angiography; subsequently, the subjects were followed up for 32 ± 10 months. At rest, at peak CPET, and after 3 min of recovery, plasma levels of alpha-MSH were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. RESULTS Mean ejection fraction was 56.7 ± 9.6%. Alpha-MSH similarly increased from rest to peak CPET on both modalities. There were no significant differences in alpha-MSH values during testing in patients with 1,2- and 3-vesel CAD, nor in patients with a SYNTAX score </≥ 23 (p > 0.05). Among CPET and hormonal parameters, ∆alpha-MSH recovery/peak during RE CPET was the best predictor of cardiac event occurrence (chi-square 6.67, HR = 0.51, CI = 0.25-1.02, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION ∆alpha-MSH recovery/peak during RE CPET has predictive value for CAD prognosis, demonstrating involvement of alpha-MSH in CAD and a link between stress hormones and cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejana Vidojevic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Stefan Seman
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, Balgoja Parovica 156, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ratko Lasica
- Division of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milorad Tesic
- Division of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | | | - Snezana Jovicic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Ignjatovic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W. Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Svetozar Damjanovic
- Division of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Dejana Popovic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
- Division of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Hoshi RA, Santos IS, Dantas EM, Andreão RV, Mill JG, Lotufo PA, Bensenor I. Reduced heart-rate variability and increased risk of hypertension-a prospective study of the ELSA-Brasil. J Hum Hypertens 2021; 35:1088-1097. [PMID: 33462386 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-00460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although autonomic disturbances are known to precede hypertension onset, the risks underlying different ranges of blood pressure and impaired cardiac autonomic modulation are still unknown. This study aimed to identify the risk of hypertension incidence related to low heart-rate variability profile in normotensive blood pressure subcategories: normal (<120/80 mmHg) and prehypertension (120/80-139/89 mmHg) in a 4-year follow-up. 7665 participants free of hypertension at baseline were examined. They were allocated into one of two groups (<P25 and ≥P25) based on age-specific value distributions of heart-rate variability ranges presented in the literature. The relationship between heart-rate variability parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, VLF, LF, and HF) and hypertension incidence was analyzed using Poisson regression. The reference for the independent variable in these regressions was the dataset with all HRV values ≥P25. After full adjustments for age, sex, ethnicity, educational level, body mass index, smoking status, glucose, insulin, dyslipidemia, alcohol consumption, and physical activity, low values for all heart-rate variability indices were significantly associated with an increased relative risk of developing hypertension in the overall sample. Individuals with normal BP levels presented an increased risk for low SDNN, VLF, and LF values, whereas the risk in prehypertensive participants was only verified for low VLF. In conclusion, cardio autonomic disturbances precede the incidence of clinical hypertension and are potentially involved in its pathophysiological basis and progression. Even individuals with normal blood pressure may be at an increased risk for future hypertension in the presence of reduced cardio autonomic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela A Hoshi
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of the University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of the University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Dantas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Vale do Sao Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V Andreão
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal Institute of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - José G Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of the University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of the University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Popovic D, Popovic B, Seman S, Labudovic D, Lasica R, Jakovljevic DG, Arena R, Damjanovic SS. The alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone is related to heart rate during exercise recovery. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05380. [PMID: 33210000 PMCID: PMC7658700 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a part of the hormonal stress system with proven cardiovascular effects. Heart rate recovery (HRR) following exercise is strongly correlated to overall fitness and future adverse cardiovascular events. The current study examined the predictive value of alpha-MSH for HRR following exercise testing.Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on a treadmill was used to measure HR and oxygen consumption (V̇O2) in 16 elite male wrestlers (W), 21 water polo player (WP) and 20 sedentary subjects (C) matched for age. Plasma levels of alpha-MSH were measured by radioimmunoassay technique in four phases of CPET: 1) 10 min pre-CPET at rest; 2) at the initation of CPET; 3) at peak CPET; and 4) at the third minute of recovery. The WP group had significantly higher HRR compared to than W and C groups, who did not have significantly different values. Significant difference in alpha-MSH measurements and patterns during CPET between groups was not observed (p > 0.05). When combining all three groups, we observed a significant correlation between V̇O2 recovery and alpha-MSH recovery/peak (r = -0.3, p = 0.022). HRR and ΔHRR/peak significantly correlated with alpha-MSH at all four measurment points (r = -0.4; p < 0.01 for all). On multiple regression analysis, which included anthropometric and hormonal measures, the best independent predictor of HRR and ΔHRR/peak was alpha-MSH during recovery (B = -1.0, -0.5; SE = 0.3, 0.1; CI = -1.5 to -0.4, -0.7 to -0.2; p = 0.001 respectively). In conclusion, alpha-MSH measured during exercise recovery holds predictive value for HRR and ΔHRR/peak, suggesting a contributing role to integrative regulation of overall cardiopulmonary performance. CONDENSED ABSTRACT Present study examined the predictive value of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) for heart rate recovery (HRR) in elite male wrestlers, water polo players and sedentary subjects matched for age. Alpha-MSH measured during exercise recovery holds predictive value for HRR and ΔHRR/peak, suggesting a contributing role to integrative regulation of overall cardiopulmonary performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejana Popovic
- Division of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Popovic
- Divison of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Seman
- Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Blagoja Parovica 156, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Labudovic
- Faculty of Sports and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Blagoja Parovica 156, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ratko Lasica
- Division of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Visegradska 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Djordje G. Jakovljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Svetozar S. Damjanovic
- Divison of Endocrinology, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Rampichini S, Gervasoni E, Cattaneo D, Rovaris M, Grosso C, Maggioni MA, Merati G. Impaired heart rate recovery after sub-maximal physical exercise in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 40:101960. [PMID: 32032843 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart Rate Recovery (HRR) after a physical exercise has been poorly investigated in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the kinetics of HRR and its autonomic modulation in PwMS and to elucidate the interplay between HRR and subjective fatigue. METHODS ECG was digitally acquired during rest (5 min), submaximal exercise (4 min at 10 W of upper limb cycling) and recovery (3 min) in 17 PwMS (EDSS: 5.9 ± 1.2, mean±standard deviation) and 17 healthy control (HC) subjects. Short-term (first 30 s) and long-term (up to180 s) validated indices of HRR were calculated. The time course of the parasympathetic index of heart rate variability RMSSD (Root Mean Square of Successive Differences) was computed every 30 s of recovery. Subjective fatigue was evaluated by the Borg scale applied to breathing and upper limbs. RESULTS In comparison with HC, the short-term HRR indices were significantly slower (P < 0.05) in PwMS, whereas the long-term ones did not. The time course of RMSSD was significantly different in PwMS (P < 0.05). HRR and HRV indexes did not correlate with fatigue perception and baseline HRV values. CONCLUSION The cardiac parasympathetic reactivation from a submaximal exercise was blunted in PwMS, thereby slowing the short-term phase of HRR. This may contribute to the higher cardiovascular risk in PwMS, but the mechanism needs further investigation. The parasympathetic impairment during post-exercise HR reactivation cannot be predicted by baseline HRV values and may therefore be revealed only by an appropriate provocative low-intensity physical test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Martina Anna Maggioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giampiero Merati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milano, Italy
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Fractal correlations and linear analyses of heart rate variability in healthy young people with different levels of physical activity. Cardiol Young 2019; 29:1236-1242. [PMID: 31475643 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951119001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cardiac autonomic regulation, expressed by increased sympathetic activity and decreased heart rate variability, have an important relationship with the onset of lethal cardiac phenomena. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the cardiac autonomic behaviour in young people according to their level of physical activity. Through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, 55 healthy young non-smokers with no history of previous diseases and whose parents did not suffer from metabolic syndrome were assessed and divided into groups: sedentary (n=12), insufficiently active (n=16), active (n=14), and very active (n=13). We collected respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest, and body mass index. Subjects remained supine at rest, and without mental stress for 15 minutes in a controlled environment. Using a cardiofrequency meter (Polar® RS800CX), data were analysed in the time domain, frequency domain, and detrended fluctuation analysis. For the sedentary group, the mean RR and rMSSD were significantly lower, and the insufficiently active group showed higher means, but significantly only for rMSSD. The insufficiently active group showed in the detrended fluctuation analysis that α2 was significantly lower compared with the sedentary, active, and very active groups. We conclude that young, healthy, sedentary individuals present an increased heart rate and that insufficiently active individuals present a decreased fractal correlation and increased parasympathetic activity.
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Hoshi RA, Santos IS, Dantas EM, Andreão RV, Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Mill JG, Lotufo PA, Bensenor I. Decreased heart rate variability as a predictor for diabetes-A prospective study of the Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3175. [PMID: 31062488 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor for the incidence of diabetes in a 4-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HRV of 9192 participants free of diabetes was analysed in time and frequency domains and stratified based on the reference values presented in the literature. The participants were then allocated to one of three groups, according to age-specific value distributions for each HRV domain: lower than the 25th percentile, between the 25th and 75th percentiles, and higher than the 75th percentile. The association between HRV and diabetes incidence at 4-year follow-up was analysed using Poisson regression models with robust estimator. RESULTS Six hundred thirty-four participants (6.90%) developed diabetes within 4 years and five out of six HRV analysed indices showed increased relative risk of developing diabetes associated with low HRV: SDNN (RR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09-1.52; .003), pNN50 (RR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.11-1.58; .001), RMSSD (RR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09-1.53; .004), LF (RR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.48; .012), and HF (RR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.16-1.63; .001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that both overall variability and changes in parasympathetic modulation precede the incidence of diabetes. For four HRV indices below the 25th percentile, the risk for incident diabetes was 68% higher than for those participants who presented none. We concluded that HRV is an independent risk predictor of diabetes in a 4-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosangela A Hoshi
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Dantas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Vale do Sao Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V Andreão
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal Institute of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruce B Duncan
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José G Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bensenor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research of University Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Gifford RM, Boos CJ, Reynolds RM, Woods DR. Recovery time and heart rate variability following extreme endurance exercise in healthy women. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13905. [PMID: 30381902 PMCID: PMC6209688 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between autonomic function and recovery following prolonged arduous exercise in women has not been examined. We undertook an exploratory study that aimed to examine the temporal change in linear and nonlinear measures of heart rate variability (HRV) following prolonged arduous exercise in the form of first all‐female (mean age 32.7 ± 3.1 years) team to attempt an unassisted Antarctic traverse. HRV analysis was performed before and 1, 4, and 15 days postexpedition. The traverse was completed in 61 days. There was a significant paired reduction in heart rate, LnLF, LF:HF, DFAα1 between baseline and 15 days postexercise in the same environment. Conversely, RMSSD, LnHF and HFnu, SD1:SD2, and SampEn significantly increased. DFAα2 levels significantly fell from baseline to Day 1 postexercise. In conclusion, we observed a significant latent increase in relative parasympathetic dominance and RR interval irregularity at 15 days post prolonged arduous exercise, versus pre‐exercise baseline, in a group of very fit and healthy adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Gifford
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Edinburgh.,Defence Medical Services, Lichfield, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Boos
- Department of Cardiology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, United Kingdom.,Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom.,Research Institute, for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - David R Woods
- Defence Medical Services, Lichfield, United Kingdom.,Department of Cardiology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, United Kingdom.,Centre for Postgraduate Medical Education, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom.,Research Institute, for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Northumbria and Newcastle NHS Trusts, Wansbeck General and Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, United Kingdom.,University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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13
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Freitas MC, Panissa VLG, Lenquiste SA, Serra FDM, Figueiredo C, Lira FS, Rossi FE. Hunger is suppressed after resistance exercise with moderate-load compared to high-load resistance exercise: the potential influence of metabolic and autonomic parameters. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:180-186. [PMID: 31505127 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of present study was to compare the effects of moderate-load versus high-load resistance exercise (RE) on hunger response, blood lactate, glucose, and autonomic modulation in trained men, and to examine the correlations between these parameters. For this, 11 recreationally resistance-trained males performed 2 randomized trials: moderate-load (6 sets at 70% 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and a 90-s rest interval between sets) and high-load (6 sets at 90% 1RM and a 180-s rest interval between sets) leg-press exercise until movement failure. The subjective rating of hunger was obtained through a visual analog scale. Glucose and lactate concentration were evaluated at rest, immediately after exercise, and 30 min after exercise. Heart rate variability was recorded at baseline and during recovery (until 30 min after exercise) to assess autonomic modulation. The moderate-load condition induced lower subjective hunger ratings than the strength condition immediately after exercise (19.7 ± 16.6 vs 47.3 ± 27.7 mm), 30 min after exercise (33.6 ± 22.9 vs 58.5 ± 29.9 mm), and 60 min after exercise (43.8 ± 26.6 vs 67.8 ± 27.9 mm) (p < 0.05) and lower area under the curve hunger in relation to the high-load condition (p < 0.006). Moderate-load RE presented greater lactate concentration and induced slower heart rate variability recovery in relation to high-load RE (p < 0.05), but no difference was found in glucose, as well as no correlations between any of the variables investigated. In conclusion, moderate-load RE induced lower subjective hunger ratings, slower recovery of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher lactate concentration in relation to high-load RE, but the metabolic variables were not correlated with hunger suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Conrado Freitas
- Skeletal Muscle Assessment Laboratory (LABSIM), Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP 19050-920, Brazil
| | | | - Sabrina Alves Lenquiste
- Department of Nutrition, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, SP 19050-920, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Maria Serra
- Post-Graduate Program in Animal Science, Department of Biomedicine, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP 19050-920, Brazil
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Eduardo Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.,Associate Graduate Program in Health Science, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil
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14
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Cardiac autonomic modulation post-maximal incremental exercise is not influenced by body mass index in young adult men. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Waist-Stature Ratio And Its Relationship With Autonomic Recovery From Aerobic Exercise In Healthy Men. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16093. [PMID: 30382140 PMCID: PMC6208340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34246-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autonomic modulation and cardiorespiratory variables are influenced by numerous factors, including anthropometric variables. We investigated autonomic recovery following aerobic exercise in healthy men with different waist-stature ratio (WSR) values. The study was conducted with 52 healthy men aged 18 to 30 years, divided into groups according to the WSR: G1 – between 0.40 and 0.449 (N = 19), G2 – between 0.45 and 0.50 (N = 28) and G3 – between 0.5 and 0.56 (N = 5). The subjects endured 15 minutes seated and at rest followed by an aerobic exercise and then remained seated for 60 minutes and at rest during recovery from exercise. Heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) (rMSSD, SD1, HF [ms2]) and cardiorespiratory variables were analyzed before and after exercise. Recovery of respiratory rate, diastolic blood pressure, SD1 and HF indices were delayed in G2. G3 presented delayed recovery after the maximal effort test while no difference with G2 was noted in the moderate intensity. Correlation and linear regression analysis indicated association of WSR, body mass index and waist circumference with HRV indices in the recovery from aerobic exercise (45 to 60 minutes after exercise) in G2. In conclusion, healthy men with higher WSR accomplished delayed autonomic recovery following maximal effort exercise.
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Lima-Borges DS, Martinez PF, Vanderlei LCM, Barbosa FSS, Oliveira-Junior SA. Autonomic modulations of heart rate variability are associated with sports injury incidence in sprint swimmers. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2018. [PMID: 29536784 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1450606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Young athletes' participation in competitive sports is becoming increasingly common, and this increased involvement raises concerns about the occurrence of overtraining and sports injuries. Since these issues are poorly understood, this study analyzed heart rate variability, stress/recovery relationship, and sports injury incidence during a training macrocycle of young sprint and endurance swimmers. METHODS Thirty teenage swimmers (aged 12 to 17 years) were divided into two groups as follows: Sprint (n = 17) and Endurance (n = 13). Subjects were evaluated over 20 weeks, based on the following three schedules: general, specific, and competitive. In addition to heart rate variability and sports injury incidence, the Recovery-Stress-Questionnaire of Athletes was used to analyse stress/recovery states in athletes. All procedures were developed at the initial moment and at the end of each periodization step. RESULTS The Sprint group presented a reduced standard deviation of normal-normal beats (73.0 ± 6.6 vs. 54.1 ± 3.5 ms; p < 0.05) and root mean square of the successive differences (55.3 ± 6.2 vs. 42.0 ± 3.7 ms; p < 0.01) from the period of general preparation until the time of competition. Recovery-stress monitoring was affected only by the swimming training periodization (p < 0.05). During the general period, differences between recovery and stress scales were correlated directly with the root mean square of the successive differences (r = 0.576; p = 0.001), the standard deviation of instantaneous variability beat-to-beat (r = 0.521; p = 0.003) and the triangular index (r = 0.476; p = 0.008). Differences between general recovery and stress scales were inversely correlated with geometric indexes after the specific training period. Moreover, the Sprint group showed a higher incidence of sports injury than the Endurance group (0.0214 ± 0.0068 vs. 0.0136 ± 0.0050 cases/1000 hours). CONCLUSION Sprint training was associated with progressive activation of the sympathetic nervous system as well as a higher incidence of sports injury in comparison to endurance swimming during a training macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne S Lima-Borges
- a Postgraduate Program in Health and Development , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , Brazil
| | - Paula F Martinez
- a Postgraduate Program in Health and Development , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , Brazil.,b School of Physical Therapy , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos M Vanderlei
- c Department of Physical Therapy and Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy , Faculty of Science and Technology FCT/UNESP , Presidente Prudente , Brazil
| | - Fernando S S Barbosa
- a Postgraduate Program in Health and Development , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , Brazil
| | - Silvio A Oliveira-Junior
- a Postgraduate Program in Health and Development , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , Brazil.,b School of Physical Therapy , Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul , Campo Grande , Brazil
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17
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Popovic D, Martic D, Djordjevic T, Pesic V, Guazzi M, Myers J, Mohebi R, Arena R. Oxygen consumption and carbon-dioxide recovery kinetics in the prediction of coronary artery disease severity and outcome. Int J Cardiol 2017; 248:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Alvarez MPB, da Silva TD, Favero FM, Valenti VE, Raimundo RD, Vanderlei LCM, Garner DM, Monteiro CBDM. Autonomic Modulation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy during a Computer Task: A Prospective Control Trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169633. [PMID: 28118369 PMCID: PMC5261738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness that can lead to disability. Owing to functional difficulties faced by individuals with DMD, the use of assistive technology is essential to provide or facilitate functional abilities. In DMD, cardiac autonomic dysfunction has been reported in addition to musculoskeletal impairment. Consequently, the objective was to investigate acute cardiac autonomic responses, by Heart Rate Variability (HRV), during computer tasks in subjects with DMD. METHOD HRV was assessed by linear and nonlinear methods, using the heart rate monitor Polar RS800CX chest strap Electrocardiographic measuring device. Then, 45 subjects were included in the group with DMD and 45 in the healthy Typical Development (TD) control group. They were assessed for twenty minutes at rest sitting, and five minutes after undergoing a task on the computer. RESULTS Individuals with DMD had a statistically significant lower parasympathetic cardiac modulation at rest when compared to the control group, which further declined when undergoing the tasks on the computer. CONCLUSION DMD patients presented decreased HRV and exhibited greater intensity of cardiac autonomic responses during computer tasks characterized by vagal withdrawal when compared to the healthy TD control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Priscila Boscolo Alvarez
- Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita Dias da Silva
- Federal University of São Paulo, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francis Meire Favero
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Vitor Engrácia Valenti
- Autonomic Nervous System Center Study, Speech Therapy Department Faculty of Sciences, Paulista State University (UNESP), Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo
- Laboratory Design and Scientific Writing, Department of Community Health, ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | | | - David M. Garner
- Cardiorespiratory Research Group, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Bandeira de Mello Monteiro
- Physical Therapy, Speech and Occupational Therapy Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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