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Yadav R, Patel B. Insights on effects of Wnt pathway modulation on insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Wnt activation or Wnt inhibition? Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129634. [PMID: 38272413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major worldwide chronic disease and can lead to serious diabetic complications. Despite the availability of many anti-diabetic agents in the market, they are unable to meet the long-term treatment goals. Also, they cause many side effects which justify the need for novel class of anti-diabetic drugs with newer mechanism of action. Wnt signaling is one of such novel target pathways which can be explored for metabolic disorders. Many key components of the Wnt signaling are involved in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Polymorphism in the Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, and mutations in the LRP5 (LDL Receptor Related Protein 5) gene lead to disturbed glucose metabolism and obesity. Despite of several years of research in this field, there is no concrete proof of concept available on whether Wnt activation or Wnt inhibition is the beneficial approach for the treatment of T2DM. Here, we have summarized the conclusions of relevant published research studies to give structured insights into possibilities to explore Wnt modulation as a novel target pathway for the treatment of T2DM. The review also highlights the present challenges and future opportunities towards the development of anti-diabetic small molecules targeting the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Bhumika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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Nie X, Wei X, Ma H, Fan L, Chen WD. The complex role of Wnt ligands in type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6479-6495. [PMID: 34042263 PMCID: PMC8278111 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major chronic diseases, whose prevalence is increasing dramatically worldwide and can lead to a range of serious complications. Wnt ligands (Wnts) and their activating Wnt signalling pathways are closely involved in the regulation of various processes that are important for the occurrence and progression of T2DM and related complications. However, our understanding of their roles in these diseases is quite rudimentary due to the numerous family members of Wnts and conflicting effects via activating the canonical and/or non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways. In this review, we summarize the current findings on the expression pattern and exact role of each human Wnt in T2DM and related complications, including Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2b, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt4, Wnt5a, Wnt5b, Wnt6, Wnt7a, Wnt7b, Wnt8a, Wnt8b, Wnt9a, Wnt9b, Wnt10a, Wnt10b, Wnt11 and Wnt16. Moreover, the role of main antagonists (sFRPs and WIF-1) and coreceptor (LRP6) of Wnts in T2DM and related complications and main challenges in designing Wnt-based therapeutic approaches for these diseases are discussed. We hope a deep understanding of the mechanistic links between Wnt signalling pathways and diabetic-related diseases will ultimately result in a better management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Nie
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Han Ma
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Sciences, People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify an epithelial cell line isolated from the spontaneous differentiation of totipotent pig epiblast cells. METHODS PICM-31 and its colony-cloned derivative cell line, PICM-31A, were established from the culture and differentiation of an epiblast mass isolated from an 8-day-old pig blastocyst. The cell lines were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, marker gene expression, and mass spectroscopy-based proteomics. RESULTS The PICM-31 cell lines were continuously cultured and could be successively colony cloned. They spontaneously self-organized into acinarlike structures. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that the cell lines' cells were epithelial and filled with secretory granules. Candidate gene expression analysis of the cells showed an exocrine pancreatic profile that included digestive enzyme expression, for example, carboxypeptidase A1, and expression of the fetal marker, α-fetoprotein. Pancreatic progenitor marker expression included pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1, NK6 homeobox 1, and pancreas-specific transcription factor 1a, but not neurogenin 3. Proteomic analysis of cellular proteins confirmed the cells' production of digestive enzymes and showed that the cells expressed cytokeratins 8 and 18. CONCLUSIONS The PICM-31 cell lines provide in vitro models of fetal pig pancreatic exocrine cells. They are the first demonstration of continuous cultures, that is, cell lines, of nontransformed pig pancreas cells.
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Ren L, Han W, Yang H, Sun F, Xu S, Hu S, Zhang M, He X, Hua J, Peng S. Autophagy stimulated proliferation of porcine PSCs might be regulated by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:537-543. [PMID: 27664705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porcine pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) are one kind of the potential cells for treatment of human diabetes. Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process in which it helps to maintain the balance between the synthesis, degradation and subsequent recycling of cellular components. However, how autophagy contributes to PSCs has not yet been investigated. Here, we established GFP-LC3 transfected porcine PSC lines in which the accumulation of autophagosomes can be efficiently visualized to evaluate the autophagic activity. Moreover, we observed that starved PSCs which showed increased autophagic activity exhibited an increased tendency to proliferate through the results of BrdU, flow cytometry and western blotting. Furthermore, increased expression of active β-catenin after inducing autophagy indicated that it might be the canonical Wnt signaling that autophagy activated to exert the function on the stimulation of PSCs proliferation. Collectively, these results demonstrated that autophagy stimulated proliferation of PSCs might be regulated by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Our results for the first time shed light on a role of autophagy for stimulating the proliferation of porcine PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Wei Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Fen Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Shuanshuan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Shuxian Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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