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Quigley RM, Kearney M, Kennedy OD, Duncan HF. Tissue engineering approaches for dental pulp regeneration: The development of novel bioactive materials using pharmacological epigenetic inhibitors. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:182-211. [PMID: 38966600 PMCID: PMC11223092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The drive for minimally invasive endodontic treatment strategies has shifted focus from technically complex and destructive root canal treatments towards more conservative vital pulp treatment. However, novel approaches to maintaining dental pulp vitality after disease or trauma will require the development of innovative, biologically-driven regenerative medicine strategies. For example, cell-homing and cell-based therapies have recently been developed in vitro and trialled in preclinical models to study dental pulp regeneration. These approaches utilise natural and synthetic scaffolds that can deliver a range of bioactive pharmacological epigenetic modulators (HDACis, DNMTis, and ncRNAs), which are cost-effective and easily applied to stimulate pulp tissue regrowth. Unfortunately, many biological factors hinder the clinical development of regenerative therapies, including a lack of blood supply and poor infection control in the necrotic root canal system. Additional challenges include a need for clinically relevant models and manufacturing challenges such as scalability, cost concerns, and regulatory issues. This review will describe the current state of bioactive-biomaterial/scaffold-based engineering strategies to stimulate dentine-pulp regeneration, explicitly focusing on epigenetic modulators and therapeutic pharmacological inhibition. It will highlight the components of dental pulp regenerative approaches, describe their current limitations, and offer suggestions for the effective translation of novel epigenetic-laden bioactive materials for innovative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M. Quigley
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oran D. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE) and the Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE) and the Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
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Shi L, Ye X, Zhou J, Fang Y, Yang J, Meng M, Zou J. Roles of DNA methylation in influencing the functions of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2797-2806. [PMID: 37856651 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA methylation as intensively studied epigenetic regulatory mechanism exerts pleiotropic effects on dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs). DMSCs have self-renewal and multidifferentiation potential. Here, this review aims at summarizing the research status about application of DMSCs in tissue engineering and clarifying the roles of DNA methylation in influencing the functions of DMSCs, with expectation of paving the way for its in-depth exploration in tissue engineering. METHOD The current research status about influence of DNA methylation in DMSCs was acquired by MEDLINE (through PubMed) and Web of Science using the keywords 'DNA methylation', 'dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells', 'dental pulp stem cells', 'periodontal ligament stem cells', 'dental follicle stem cells', 'stem cells from the apical papilla', 'stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth', and 'gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells'. RESULTS This review indicates DNA methylation affects DMSCs' differentiation and function through inhibiting or enhancing the expression of specific gene resulted by DNA methylation-related genes or relevant inhibitors. CONCLUSION DNA methylation can influence DMSCs in aspects of osteogenesis, adipogenesis, immunomodulatory function, and so on. Yet, the present studies about DNA methylation in DMSCs commonly focus on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Little has been reported for other DMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingchen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingmei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Huang L, Chen X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Qiu X. Elucidating epigenetic mechanisms governing odontogenic differentiation in dental pulp stem cells: an in-depth exploration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1394582. [PMID: 38863943 PMCID: PMC11165363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1394582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These epigenetic modifications can regulate gene transcription, splicing, and stability, thereby impacting cell differentiation, development, and disease occurrence. The formation of dentin is intrinsically linked to the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are recognized as the optimal cell source for dentin-pulp regeneration due to their varied odontogenic potential, strong proliferative and angiogenic characteristics, and ready accessibility Numerous studies have demonstrated the critical role of epigenetic regulation in DPSCs differentiation into specific cell types. This review thus provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms by which epigenetic regulation controls the odontogenesis fate of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Gil-Martín E, Ramos E, López-Muñoz F, Egea J, Romero A. Potential of melatonin to reverse epigenetic aberrations in oral cancer: new findings. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:1280-1310. [PMID: 38234969 PMCID: PMC10792176 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
It is now an accepted principle that epigenetic alterations cause cellular dyshomeostasis and functional changes, both of which are essential for the initiation and completion of the tumor cycle. Oral carcinogenesis is no exception in this regard, as most of the tumors in the different subsites of the oral cavity arise from the cross-reaction between (epi)genetic inheritance and the huge challenge of environmental stressors. Currently, the biochemical machinery is put at the service of the tumor program, halting the cell cycle, triggering uncontrolled proliferation, driving angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis, until the archetypes of the tumor phenotype are reached. Melatonin has the ability to dynamically affect the epigenetic code. It has become accepted that melatonin can reverse (epi)genetic aberrations present in oral and other cancers, suggesting the possibility of enhancing the oncostatic capacity of standard multimodal treatments by incorporating this indolamine as an adjuvant. First steps in this direction confirm the potential of melatonin as a countermeasure to mitigate the detrimental side effects of conventional first-line radiochemotherapy. This single effect could produce synergies of extraordinary clinical importance, allowing doses to be increased and treatments not to be interrupted, ultimately improving patients' quality of life and prognosis. Motivated by the urgency of improving the medical management of oral cancer, many authors advocate moving from in vitro and preclinical research, where the bulk of melatonin cancer research is concentrated, to systematic randomized clinical trials on large cohorts. Recognizing the challenge to improve the clinical management of cancer, our motivation is to encourage comprehensive and robust research to reveal the clinical potential of melatonin in oral cancer control. To improve the outcome and quality of life of patients with oral cancer, here we provide the latest evidence of the oncolytic activity that melatonin can achieve by manipulating epigenetic patterns in oronasopharyngeal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University of Madrid (UCJC), 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Pan H, Yang Y, Xu H, Jin A, Huang X, Gao X, Sun S, Liu Y, Liu J, Lu T, Wang X, Zhu Y, Jiang L. The odontoblastic differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells: molecular regulation mechanism and related genetic syndromes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1174579. [PMID: 37818127 PMCID: PMC10561098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1174579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into multiple lineages including odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, neural cells, myocytes, cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, endothelial cells, melanocytes, and hepatocytes. Odontoblastic differentiation of DMSCs is pivotal in dentinogenesis, a delicate and dynamic process regulated at the molecular level by signaling pathways, transcription factors, and posttranscriptional and epigenetic regulation. Mutations or dysregulation of related genes may contribute to genetic diseases with dentin defects caused by impaired odontoblastic differentiation, including tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), Raine syndrome (RS), hypophosphatasia (HPP), Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD), and Elsahy-Waters syndrome (EWS). Herein, recent progress in the molecular regulation of the odontoblastic differentiation of DMSCs is summarized. In addition, genetic syndromes associated with disorders of odontoblastic differentiation of DMSCs are discussed. An improved understanding of the molecular regulation and related genetic syndromes may help clinicians better understand the etiology and pathogenesis of dentin lesions in systematic diseases and identify novel treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houwen Pan
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Yang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Anting Jin
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangru Huang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqi Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingwei Lu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Naniwa K, Hirose K, Usami Y, Hata K, Araki R, Uzawa N, Komori T, Toyosawa S. Fam20C overexpression in odontoblasts regulates dentin formation and odontoblast differentiation. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:329-347. [PMID: 37357253 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
FAM20C phosphorylates secretory proteins at S-x-E/pS motifs, and previous studies of Fam20C-dificient mice revealed that FAM20C played essential roles in bone and tooth formation. Inactivation of FAM20C in mice led to hypophosphatemia that masks direct effect of FAM20C in these tissues, and consequently the direct role of FAM20C remains unknown. Our previous study reported that osteoblast/odontoblast-specific Fam20C transgenic (Fam20C-Tg) mice had normal serum phosphate levels and that osteoblastic FAM20C-mediated phosphorylation regulated bone formation and resorption. Here, we investigated the direct role of FAM20C in dentin using Fam20C-Tg mice. The tooth of Fam20C-Tg mice contained numerous highly phosphorylated proteins, including SIBLINGs, compared to that of wild-type mice. In Fam20C-Tg mice, coronal dentin volume decreased and mineral density unchanged at early age, while the volume unchanged and the mineral density elevated at maturity. In these mice, radicular dentin volume and mineral density decreased at all ages, and histologically, the radicular dentin had wider predentin and abnormal apical-side dentin with embedded cells and argyrophilic canaliculi. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that abnormal apical-side dentin had bone and dentin matrix properties accompanied with osteoblast-lineage cells. Further, in Fam20C-Tg mice, DSPP content which is important for dentin formation, was reduced in dentin, especially radicular dentin, which might lead to defects mainly in radicular dentin. Renal subcapsular transplantations of tooth germ revealed that newly formed radicular dentin replicated apical abnormal dentin of Fam20C-Tg mice, corroborating that FAM20C overexpression indeed caused the abnormal dentin. Our findings indicate that odontoblastic FAM20C-mediated phosphorylation in the tooth regulates dentin formation and odontoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Naniwa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Hirose
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rikita Araki
- Bruker Japan K.K. BioSpin Division, Application Department, 3-9 Kanagawaku Moriyacho, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-0022, Japan
| | - Narikazu Uzawa
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Oncology and Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Molecular Bone Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Satoru Toyosawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Ye S, Xin X, Wei B, Zeng L. Genome-wide DNA methylation profile of human dental pulp stem cells during odontogenic differentiation. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 146:105603. [PMID: 36516691 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is essential for dentin formation and regeneration, emerging evidence revealed that epigenetic regulation plays vital roles in odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. The purpose of this study was to explore the genome-wide DNA methylation changes during odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. DESIGN hDPSCs were isolated from young healthy premolars and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) was taken to detect the genome-wide DNA methylation profile of hDPSCs during odontogenic differentiation. Genome-wide DNA methylation map, differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed. RESULTS We found a totally different DNA methylation patterns during the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. A total of 9309 differentially methylated genes (DMG) were identified. Bio-information analysis revealed that calcium signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and HTLV-I infection signaling pathways may play potential roles in odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. NOTCH1, WNT7B, and AXIN2 proteins were related with calcium signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed a comprehensive analysis of global DNA methylation profiles in odontogeinc differentiation of hDPSCs and provided several possible underlying signaling pathways and candidate genes that may regulate the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjia Ye
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; China
| | - Xianzhen Xin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Special Clinic, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; China.
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8
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Epigenetic Regulation of Methylation in Determining the Fate of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5015856. [PMID: 36187229 PMCID: PMC9522499 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5015856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are crucial in tooth development and periodontal health, and their multipotential differentiation and self-renewal ability play a critical role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Methylation modifications could promote the appropriate biological behavior by postsynthetic modification of DNA or protein and make the organism adapt to developmental and environmental prompts by regulating gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Methylation modifications involved in DMSC fate include DNA methylation, RNA methylation, and histone modifications, which have been proven to exert a significant effect on the regulation of the fate of DMSCs, such as proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation potential. Understanding the regulation of methylation modifications on the behavior and the immunoinflammatory responses involved in DMSCs contributes to further study of the mechanism of methylation on tissue regeneration and inflammation. In this review, we briefly summarize the key functions of histone methylation, RNA methylation, and DNA methylation in the differentiation potential and self-renewal of DMSCs as well as the opportunities and challenges for their application in tissue regeneration and disease therapy.
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DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Dental-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2797-2816. [PMID: 35896859 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), is essential for the regulation of multiple cellular processes. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), a kind of multipotent cells derived from dental tissues, are impactful in regenerative medicine. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation plays a major role in DMSCs. Therefore, exploring how epigenetic regulation is involved in DMSCs may be of guiding significance for tissue repair and regeneration or for exploring more effective treatments. A number of research of ncRNAs in DMSCs have been reported. However, little is known about the roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications in DMSCs. In this review, we summarize the important roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications of the fate of DMSCs.
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Argaez-Sosa AA, Rodas-Junco BA, Carrillo-Cocom LM, Rojas-Herrera RA, Coral-Sosa A, Aguilar-Ayala FJ, Aguilar-Pérez D, Nic-Can GI. Higher Expression of DNA (de)methylation-Related Genes Reduces Adipogenicity in Dental Pulp Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:791667. [PMID: 35281092 PMCID: PMC8907981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.791667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant health concern that has reached alarming proportions worldwide. The overconsumption of high-energy foods may cause metabolic dysfunction and promote the generation of new adipocytes by contributing to several obesity-related diseases. Such concerns demand a deeper understanding of the origin of adipocytes if we want to develop new therapeutic approaches. Recent findings indicate that adipocyte development is facilitated by tight epigenetic reprogramming, which is required to activate the gene program to change the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into mature adipocytes. Like adipose tissue, different tissues are also potential sources of adipocyte-generating MSCs, so it is interesting to explore whether the epigenetic mechanisms of adipogenic differentiation vary from one depot to another. To investigate how DNA methylation (an epigenetic mark that plays an essential role in controlling transcription and cellular differentiation) contributes to adipogenic potential, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PLSCs) were analyzed during adipogenic differentiation in vitro. Here, we show that the capacity to differentiate from DPSCs or PLSCs to adipocytes may be associated with the expression pattern of DNA methylation-related genes acquired during the induction of the adipogenic program. Our study provides insights into the details of DNA methylation during the adipogenic determination of dental stem cells, which can be a starting point to identify the factors that affect the differentiation of these cells and provide new strategies to regulate differentiation and adipocyte expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaylu A. Argaez-Sosa
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Beatriz A. Rodas-Junco
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
- CONACYT-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Leydi M. Carrillo-Cocom
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Rafael A. Rojas-Herrera
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Abel Coral-Sosa
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Fernando J. Aguilar-Ayala
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - David Aguilar-Pérez
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Geovanny I. Nic-Can
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
- CONACYT-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Geovanny I. Nic-Can, ,
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11
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Li Y, Zhao X, Sun M, Pei D, Li A. Deciphering the Epigenetic Code of Stem Cells Derived From Dental Tissues. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.807046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from dental tissues (DSCs) exhibit multipotent regenerative potential in pioneering tissue engineering regimens. The multipotency of DSCs is critically regulated by an intricate range of factors, of which the epigenetic influence is considered vital. To gain a better understanding of how epigenetic alterations are involved in the DSC fate determination, the present review overviews the current knowledge relating to DSC epigenetic modifications, paying special attention to the landscape of epigenetic modifying agents as well as the related signaling pathways in DSC regulation. In addition, insights into the future opportunities of epigenetic targeted therapies mediated by DSCs are discussed to hold promise for the novel therapeutic interventions in future translational medicine.
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12
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Du Q, Cao L, Liu Y, Pang C, Wu S, Zheng L, Jiang W, Na X, Yu J, Wang S, Zhu X, Yang J. Phenotype and molecular characterizations of a family with dentinogenesis imperfecta shields type II with a novel DSPP mutation. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 9:1672. [PMID: 34988181 PMCID: PMC8667123 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI), Shields type-II is an autosomal dominant genetic disease which severely affects the function of the patients’ teeth. The dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) gene is considered to be the pathogenic gene of DGI-II. In this study, a DGI-II family with a novel DSPP mutation were collected, functional characteristics of DGI cells and clinical features were analyzed to better understand the genotype-phenotype relationship of this disease. Methods Clinical data were collected, whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted, and Sanger sequencing was used to verify the mutation sites. Physical characteristics of the patient’s teeth were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The localization of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused wild-type (WT) dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and its variant were evaluated via an immunocytochemistry (ICC) assay. The behaviors of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were investigated by flow cytometry, osteogenic differentiation, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results A novel heterozygous mutation c.53T > G (p. Val18Gly) in DSPP was found in this family. The SEM results showed that the participants’ teeth had reduced and irregular dentinal tubes. The EDS results showed that the Ca/P ratio of the patients’ teeth was significantly higher than that of the control group. The ICC assay showed that the mutant DSP was entrapped in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), while the WT DSP located mainly in the Golgi apparatus. In comparison with normal cells, the patient’s cells exhibited significantly decreased mineralization ability and lower expression levels of DSPP and RUNX2. Conclusions The c.53T > G (p. Val18Gly) DSPP variant was shown to present with rare hypoplastic enamel defects. Functional analysis revealed that this novel variant disturbs dentinal characteristics and pulp cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Cao
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyan Pang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Wu
- The State Key Lab of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- The State Key Lab of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Na
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiyun Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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13
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Feridouni Khamaneh Y, Kiani P, Miller RJD, Schlüter H, Friedrich RE. Complementing the pulp proteome via sampling with a picosecond infrared laser (PIRL). Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6757-6768. [PMID: 33977388 PMCID: PMC8602158 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03962-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this investigation was the detailed analysis of the human pulp proteome using the new picosecond infrared laser (PIRL)-based sampling technique, which is based on a completely different mechanism compared to mechanical sampling. Proteome analysis of healthy pulp can provide data to define changes in the proteome associated with dental disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immediately after extraction of the entire, undamaged tooth, 15 wisdom teeth were deep frozen in liquid nitrogen and preserved at -80°C. Teeth were crushed, and the excised frozen pulps were conditioned for further analysis. The pulps were sampled using PIRL, and the aspirates digested with trypsin and analyzed with mass spectrometry. Pulp proteins were categorized according to their gene ontology terminus. Proteins identified exclusively in this study were searched in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for gaining information about the main known localization and function. RESULTS A total of 1348 proteins were identified in this study. The comparison with prior studies showed a match of 72%. Twenty-eight percent of the proteins were identified exclusively in this study. Considering HPA, almost half of these proteins were assigned to tissues that could be pulp specific. CONCLUSION PIRL is releasing proteins from the dental pulp which are not dissolved by conventional sampling techniques. Clinical Relevance The presented data extend current knowledge on dental pulp proteomics in healthy teeth and can serve as a reference for studies on pulp proteomics in dental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoup Feridouni Khamaneh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
- DMD, Dental Clinic Zahnvitalis, Julius-Vosseler-Str. 42, D-22527, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Parnian Kiani
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - R J Dwayne Miller
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Friedrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Liu Y, Gan L, Cui DX, Yu SH, Pan Y, Zheng LW, Wan M. Epigenetic regulation of dental pulp stem cells and its potential in regenerative endodontics. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1647-1666. [PMID: 34909116 PMCID: PMC8641018 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics (RE) therapy means physiologically replacing damaged pulp tissue and regaining functional dentin–pulp complex. Current clinical RE procedures recruit endogenous stem cells from the apical papilla, periodontal tissue, bone marrow and peripheral blood, with or without application of scaffolds and growth factors in the root canal space, resulting in cementum-like and bone-like tissue formation. Without the involvement of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), it is unlikely that functional pulp regeneration can be achieved, even though acceptable repair can be acquired. DPSCs, due to their specific odontogenic potential, high proliferation, neurovascular property, and easy accessibility, are considered as the most eligible cell source for dentin–pulp regeneration. The regenerative potential of DPSCs has been demonstrated by recent clinical progress. DPSC transplantation following pulpectomy has successfully reconstructed neurovascularized pulp that simulates the physiological structure of natural pulp. The self-renewal, proliferation, and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs are under the control of a cascade of transcription factors. Over recent decades, epigenetic modulations implicating histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding (nc)RNAs have manifested as a new layer of gene regulation. These modulations exhibit a profound effect on the cellular activities of DPSCs. In this review, we offer an overview about epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs; in particular, on the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. We emphasize recent discoveries of epigenetic molecules that can alter DPSC status and promote pulp regeneration through manipulation over epigenetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Di-Xin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Si-Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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15
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Joshi P, Vijaykumar A, Enkhmandakh B, Mina M, Shin DG, Bayarsaihan D. Genome-wide distribution of 5hmC in the dental pulp of mouse molars and incisors. J Biochem 2021; 171:123-129. [PMID: 34676418 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The dental pulp is critical for the production of odontoblasts to create reparative dentin. In recent years dental pulp has become a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells that are capable of differentiating into multiple cell types. To elucidate the transcriptional control mechanisms specifying the early phases of odontoblast differentiation, we analyzed the DNA demethylation pattern associated with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in the primary murine dental pulp. 5hmC plays an important role in chromatin accessibility and transcriptional control by modeling a dynamic equilibrium between DNA methylation and demethylation. Our research revealed 5hmC enrichment along genes and non-coding regulatory regions associated with specific developmental pathways in the genome of mouse incisor and molar dental pulp. Although the overall distribution of 5hmC is similar, the intensity and location of the 5hmC peaks significantly differs between the incisor and molar pulp genome, indicating cell type-specific epigenetic variations. Our study suggests that the differential DNA demethylation pattern could account for the distinct regulatory mechanisms underlying the tooth-specific ontogenetic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujan Joshi
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Way, Unit 4155, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anushree Vijaykumar
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Badam Enkhmandakh
- Center for Regenerative Medicine & Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Mina Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Dong-Guk Shin
- Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, 371 Fairfield Way, Unit 4155, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Dashzeveg Bayarsaihan
- Institute for System Genomics & Center for Regenerative Medicine & Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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16
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Functional Dental Pulp Regeneration: Basic Research and Clinical Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168991. [PMID: 34445703 PMCID: PMC8396610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpal and periapical diseases account for a large proportion of dental visits, the current treatments for which are root canal therapy (RCT) and pulp revascularisation. Despite the clinical signs of full recovery and histological reconstruction, true regeneration of pulp tissues is still far from being achieved. The goal of regenerative endodontics is to promote normal pulp function recovery in inflamed or necrotic teeth that would result in true regeneration of the pulpodentinal complex. Recently, rapid progress has been made related to tissue engineering-mediated pulp regeneration, which combines stem cells, biomaterials, and growth factors. Since the successful isolation and characterisation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and other applicable dental mesenchymal stem cells, basic research and preclinical exploration of stem cell-mediated functional pulp regeneration via cell transplantation and cell homing have received considerably more attention. Some of this effort has translated into clinical therapeutic applications, bringing a ground-breaking revolution and a new perspective to the endodontic field. In this article, we retrospectively examined the current treatment status and clinical goals of pulpal and periapical diseases and scrutinized biological studies of functional pulp regeneration with a focus on DPSCs, biomaterials, and growth factors. Then, we reviewed preclinical experiments based on various animal models and research strategies. Finally, we summarised the current challenges encountered in preclinical or clinical regenerative applications and suggested promising solutions to address these challenges to guide tissue engineering-mediated clinical translation in the future.
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17
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Yin J, Xu J, Cheng R, Shao M, Qin Y, Yang H, Hu T. Role of connexin 43 in odontoblastic differentiation and structural maintenance in pulp damage repair. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:1. [PMID: 33414369 PMCID: PMC7791050 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp can initiate its damage repair after an injury of the pulp–dentin complex by rearrangement of odontoblasts and formation of newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells. Connexin 43 (Cx43) is one of the gap junction proteins that participates in multiple tissue repair processes. However, the role of Cx43 in the repair of the dental pulp remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the function of Cx43 in the odontoblast arrangement patterns and odontoblastic differentiation. Human teeth for in vitro experiments were acquired, and a pulp injury model in Sprague-Dawley rats was used for in vivo analysis. The odontoblast arrangement pattern and the expression of Cx43 and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) were assessed. To investigate the function of Cx43 in odontoblastic differentiation, we overexpressed or inhibited Cx43. The results indicated that polarized odontoblasts were arranged along the pulp–dentin interface and had high levels of Cx43 expression in the healthy teeth; however, the odontoblast arrangement pattern was slightly changed concomitant to an increase in the Cx43 expression in the carious teeth. Regularly arranged odontoblast-like cells had high levels of the Cx43 expression during the formation of mature dentin, but the odontoblast-like cells were not regularly arranged beneath immature osteodentin in the pulp injury models. Subsequent in vitro experiments demonstrated that Cx43 is upregulated during odontoblastic differentiation of the dental pulp cells, and inhibition or overexpression of Cx43 influence the odontoblastic differentiation. Thus, Cx43 may be involved in the maintenance of odontoblast arrangement patterns, and influence the pulp repair outcomes by the regulation of odontoblastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Xu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiying Shao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuandong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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18
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Li J, Deng Q, Fan W, Zeng Q, He H, Huang F. Melatonin-induced suppression of DNA methylation promotes odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells. Bioengineered 2020; 11:829-840. [PMID: 32718272 PMCID: PMC8291816 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1795425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiation potency of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) is essential for dentin regeneration. DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic mechanisms and is suggested to involve in differentiation of hDPCs, the machinery of which includes DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMTs) and methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins (MBDs). Our previous study has found that melatonin (MT) promoted hDPC differentiation, but its mechanism remains elusive. We aimed to investigate the role of DNA methylation in the promotion of MT to differentiation of hDPCs in vitro. hDPCs were cultured in basal growth medium (CO) or odontogenic medium (OM) exposed to MT at different concentrations (0, 10-12, 10-10, 10-8, 10-6, 10-4 M). The cell growth was analyzed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and mineralized tissue formation was measured using Alizarin red staining. The expression of the 10 genes (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, MBD1-6, MeCP2) was determined using real-time qPCR and western blotting. The abundance of MeCP2 in the nuclei was evaluated using immunofluorescence analysis. Global methylation level was tested using ELISA. We found that mineralized tissue formation significantly increased in OM with MT at 10-4 M, while the levels of MeCP2 and global DNA methylation level declined. The expression of MBD1, MBD3, and MBD4 significantly increased in OM alone, and the expession of DNMT1 and MBD2 was decreased. These results indicate that MT promotes odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs in vitro by regulating the levels of DNMT1, MeCP2, and global DNA methylation, suggesting that MT-induced DNA methylation machinery may play an important role in tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Deng
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Hospital of Stomatology,Guanghua School of Stomatology,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Hospital of Stomatology,Guanghua School of Stomatology,Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Li QM, Li JL, Feng ZH, Lin HC, Xu Q. Effect of histone demethylase KDM5A on the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Bioengineered 2020; 11:449-462. [PMID: 32208897 PMCID: PMC7161540 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1743536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) possess the capacity to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells in response to exogenous stimuli. Histone methylation is one of the most robust epigenetic marks and is essential for the regulation of multiple cellular processes. Previous studies have shown that histone methyltransferases (HMTs) and histone demethylases (HDMs) are crucial for the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow, adipose tissue, and tooth tissue. However, little is known about the role of histone methylation in hDPC differentiation. Here, the expression levels of HMTs and HDMs were profiled in hDPCs undergoing odontogenic induction. Among several differentially expressed enzymes, HDM KDM5A demonstrated significantly enhanced expression during cytodifferentiation. Furthermore, KDM5A expression increased during early passages and in a time-dependent manner during odontogenic induction. Using a shRNA-expressing lentivirus, KDM5A was knocked down in hDPCs. KDM5A depletion resulted in greater alkaline phosphatase activity and more mineral deposition formation. Meanwhile, the expression levels of the odontogenic markers DMP1, DSPP, OSX, and OCN were increased by KDM5A knockdown. As a histone demethylase specific for tri- and dimethylated histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3/me2), KDM5A deficiency led to a significant increment in total H3K4me3 levels, whereas no significant difference was found for H3K4 me2. H3K4me3 levels on the promoters of the odontogenic markers increased after KDM5A knockdown in hDPCs. These results demonstrated that KDM5A is present in hDPCs and inhibits the odontogenic differentiation potentiality of hDPCs by removing H3K4me3 from specific gene promoters, suggesting that KDM5A-dependent histone demethylation may play an important role in reparative dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Meng Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ling Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Feng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Cai Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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20
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Eckel-Passow JE, Drucker KL, Kollmeyer TM, Kosel ML, Decker PA, Molinaro AM, Rice T, Praska CE, Clark L, Caron A, Abyzov A, Batzler A, Song JS, Pekmezci M, Hansen HM, McCoy LS, Bracci PM, Wiemels J, Wiencke JK, Francis S, Burns TC, Giannini C, Lachance DH, Wrensch M, Jenkins RB. Adult diffuse glioma GWAS by molecular subtype identifies variants in D2HGDH and FAM20C. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:1602-1613. [PMID: 32386320 PMCID: PMC7690366 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twenty-five germline variants are associated with adult diffuse glioma, and some of these variants have been shown to be associated with particular subtypes of glioma. We hypothesized that additional germline variants could be identified if a genome-wide association study (GWAS) were performed by molecular subtype. METHODS A total of 1320 glioma cases and 1889 controls were used in the discovery set and 799 glioma cases and 808 controls in the validation set. Glioma cases were classified into molecular subtypes based on combinations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation, and 1p/19q codeletion. Logistic regression was applied to the discovery and validation sets to test for associations of variants with each of the subtypes. A meta-analysis was subsequently performed using a genome-wide P-value threshold of 5 × 10-8. RESULTS Nine variants in or near D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) on chromosome 2 were genome-wide significant in IDH-mutated glioma (most significant was rs5839764, meta P = 2.82 × 10-10). Further stratifying by 1p/19q codeletion status, one variant in D2HGDH was genome-wide significant in IDH-mutated non-codeleted glioma (rs1106639, meta P = 4.96 × 10-8). Further stratifying by TERT mutation, one variant near FAM20C (family with sequence similarity 20, member C) on chromosome 7 was genome-wide significant in gliomas that have IDH mutation, TERT mutation, and 1p/19q codeletion (rs111976262, meta P = 9.56 × 10-9). Thirty-six variants in or near GMEB2 on chromosome 20 near regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) were genome-wide significant in IDH wild-type glioma (most significant was rs4809313, meta P = 2.60 × 10-10). CONCLUSIONS Performing a GWAS by molecular subtype identified 2 new regions and a candidate independent region near RTEL1, which were associated with specific glioma molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen L Drucker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas M Kollmeyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Matt L Kosel
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Paul A Decker
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Corinne E Praska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lauren Clark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alissa Caron
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alexej Abyzov
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jun S Song
- Department of Physics, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Melike Pekmezci
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Lucie S McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph Wiemels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Terry C Burns
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Caterina Giannini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel H Lachance
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Epigenetic Regulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8876265. [PMID: 33149742 PMCID: PMC7603635 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8876265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, affects gene expression without modifying the primary DNA sequence and modulates cell fate. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp, also called dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), exhibit multipotent differentiation capacity and can promote various biological processes, including odontogenesis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, myogenesis, and chondrogenesis. Over the past decades, increased attention has been attracted by the use of DPSCs in the field of regenerative medicine. According to a series of studies, epigenetic regulation is essential for DPSCs to differentiate into specialized cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in the epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs.
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22
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Gou X, Xue Y, Zheng H, Yang G, Chen S, Chen Z, Yuan G. Gelatinases Cleave Dentin Sialoprotein Intracellularly. Front Physiol 2020; 11:686. [PMID: 32670089 PMCID: PMC7330055 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialoprotein (DSP), the NH2-terminal fragment of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), is essential for dentin formation and further processed into small fragments inside the odontoblasts. Gelatinases, including matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) and MMP2, were able to cleave DSP(P) in tooth structures. We hypothesized that gelatinases may also cleave DSP intracellularly in the odontoblasts. In this study, the co-expression and physical interaction between DSP and gelatinases were proved by double immunofluorescence and in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). Intracellular enzymatic activity of gelatinases was verified by gelatin zymography and in situ zymography. To confirm whether DSP was cleaved by active gelatinases intracellularly, lysates of wild-type (WT) odontoblastic cells treated with a MMP2 inhibitor or a MMP9 inhibitor or a MMP general inhibitor and of Mmp9-/- odontoblastic cells were analyzed by western blotting. Compared with the WT odontoblastic cells without inhibitor treatment, all these groups exhibited significantly higher ratios of high molecular weight to low molecular weight band density. FURIN was verified to be co-localized and physically interacted with MMP9 by double immunofluorescence and in situ PLA. The ratio of proMMP9 to activated MMP9 inside the odontoblastic cells were increased when function of endogenous FURIN was inhibited. And overexpressed proMMP9 was intracellularly cleaved by FURIN in the HEK293E cells, which was completely blocked by the mutation of proMMP9 with R96TPR99 substituted by A96AAA99. Taken together, these results indicate that DSP is intracellularly processed by gelatinases, and FURIN is involved in the intracellular activation of proMMP9 through cleavage of its R96TPR99 motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Gou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yifan Xue
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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23
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Inhibition of Tet1- and Tet2-mediated DNA demethylation promotes immunomodulation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:780. [PMID: 31611558 PMCID: PMC6791886 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2025-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) possess great potential for clinical treatment of immune diseases due to their extensive immunomodulatory properties. However, the underlying mechanisms that govern the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are still not fully elucidated. Here, we show that member of the Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family, a group of DNA demethylases, are capable of regulating PDLSC immunomodulatory functions. Tet1 and Tet2 deficiency enhance PDLSC-induced T cell apoptosis and ameliorate the disease phenotype in colitis mice. Mechanistically, we found that downregulation of Tet1 and Tet2 leads to hypermethylation of DKK-1 promoter, leading to the activation of WNT signaling pathway and therefore promoting Fas ligand (FasL) expression, which results in elevated immunomodulatory capacity of PDLSCs. These results reveal a previously unrecognized role of Tet1 and Tet2 in regulating immunomodulation of PDLSCs. This Tet/DKK-1/FasL cascade may serve as a promising target for enhancing PDLSC-based immune therapy.
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24
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Sun Z, Yu S, Chen S, Liu H, Chen Z. SP1 regulates KLF4 via SP1 binding motif governed by DNA methylation during odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14688-14699. [PMID: 31009133 PMCID: PMC8895433 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic modulation in regulating gene expression in cell differentiation process, however, its detailed molecular mechanism during odontoblastic differentiation remains elusive. We aimed to study the global effect of DNA methylation on odontoblastic differentiation and how DNA methylation affects the transactivation of transcription factor (TF) on its target gene. METHODS DNA methyltransferase (DNMTs) inhibition assay and following odontoblastic differentiation assay were performed to evaluate the effect of DNA methylation inhibition on odontoblastic differentiation. Promoter DNA methylation microarray and motif enrichment assay were performed to predict the most DNA-methylation-affected TF motifs during odontoblastic differentiation. The enriched target sites and motifs were further analyzed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and sequencing. The functional target sites were validated in vitro with Luciferase assay. The regulatory effect of DNA methylation on the enriched target sites in primary human dental pulp cells and motifs were confirmed by in vitro methylation assay. RESULTS Inhibition of DNMTs in preodontoblast cells increased the expression level of Klf4 as well as marker genes of odontoblastic differentiation including Dmp1 and Dspp, and enhanced the efficiency of odontoblastic differentiation. SP1/KLF4 binding motifs were found to be highly enriched in the promoter regions and showed demethylation during odontoblastic differentiation. Mutation of SP1 binding site at -75 within KLF4's promoter region significantly decreased the luciferase activity. The in vitro methylation of KLF4's promoter decreased the transactivation of SP1 on KLF4. CONCLUSION We confirmed that SP1 regulates KLF4 through binding site lying in a CpG island in KLF4's promoter region which demethylated during odontoblastic differentiation thus enhancing the efficiency of SP1's binding and transcriptional regulation on KLF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaitong Yu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Yatagai N, Saito T, Akazawa Y, Hayashi T, Yanai Y, Tsuyama S, Ueyama H, Murakami T, Watanabe S, Nagahara A, Yao T. TP53 inactivation and expression of methylation-associated proteins in gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation. Virchows Arch 2018; 474:315-324. [PMID: 30554333 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2508-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation (GAED) is a rare variant of aggressive adenocarcinoma. We demonstrated previously that GAED is genetically characterized by frequent TP53 mutation. In this study, we aimed to further clarify the mechanism of inactivation of TP53 in GAED in the light of promoter methylation of TP53, and expression of methylation-associated proteins such as Ten-eleven translocation (TET) 1 and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmc) in addition to ATM mutations. We analyzed 51 cases of GAED. The ATM mutation was detected in only one case. Promoter methylation of TP53 was detected in 18% and frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at TP53 locus was 37.2%. Reduced TET1 expression was found in 29 cases (56.9%) and was significantly associated with advanced stage (p = 0.01), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.04), and macroscopic type (p = 0.01). Reduced 5-hmc expression was found in 28 cases (54.9%) and was significantly associated with advanced stage (p = 0.01), gender (p = 0.01), tumor location (p = 0.03), tumor size (p = 0.01), and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.01). Among 9 cases with TP53 promoter methylation, reduced expression of TET1 was observed in 6 cases, and reduced expression of 5-hmc was observed in 5 cases. Reduced expression of both TET1 and 5-hmc was significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. In summary, promoter methylation of TP53 is partly involved in loss of p53 expression. Aberrant methylation by reduced TET1 and 5-hmc may be involved in the development of aggressive GAED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Yatagai
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Yoichi Akazawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuka Yanai
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sho Tsuyama
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroya Ueyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sumio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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26
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Li Q, Yi B, Feng Z, Meng R, Tian C, Xu Q. FAM20C could be targeted by TET1 to promote odontoblastic differentiation potential of human dental pulp cells. Cell Prolif 2017; 51:e12426. [PMID: 29277934 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1) is a DNA methylcytosine (mC) dioxygenase discovered recently that can convert 5-mC into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). We previously reported that TET1 promotes odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). The gene encoding the family with sequence similarity 20, member C (FAM20C) protein, is a potential TET1 target and showed demethylation during odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs in our previous study. This study aimed to explore whether TET1-mediated hydroxymethylation could activate the FAM20C gene, thereby regulating hDPC differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression pattern of FAM20C and its potential changes during odontoblastic induction of hDPCs were assessed by Western blotting. Lentivirus-mediated transduction with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knock down FAM20C and TET1 expression in hDPCs. The mineralization potential of hDPCs was evaluated with an ALPase activity assay and by observing the mineralized matrix deposition and the expression of odontoblast-related markers DSPP and DMP1. Recombinant human FAM20C protein (rhFAM20C) was reintroduced into shTET1 cells in a rescue experiment. The dynamic hydroxymethylation status of the FAM20C gene promoter was examined using hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation (IP)-PCR. Chromatin IP-PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis were utilized to validate the recruitment of TET1 to its target loci in the FAM20C promoter. RESULTS FAM20C protein level was upregulated after the odontoblastic induction of hDPCs. shRNA-mediated FAM20C suppression reduced the expression of DSPP and DMP1 after odontoblastic induction for 7 and 14 days. ALPase activity was reduced on day 7, and the formation of mineralized nodules was attenuated on day 14 after odontoblastic induction in FAM20C-inhibited hDPCs. Genomic 5hmC levels significantly decreased, and total 5mC levels increased in TET1-deficient hDPCs. In addition, a significant reduction in FAM20C also emerged. The rhFAM20C treatment of shTET1 cells attenuated the mineralization abnormalities caused by TET1 depletion. TET1 depletion prompted a decline in 5hmC levels in several regions on the FAM20C promoter. Enhanced TET1 recruitment was detected at the corresponding loci in the FAM20C promoter during odontoblastic induction. CONCLUSION TET1 knockdown suppressed odontoblastic differentiation by restraining its direct binding to FAM20C promoter, and hence inhibiting FAM20C hydroxymethylation and subsequent transcription. These results suggest that TET1 potentially promotes the cytodifferentiation potential of hDPCs through its DNA demethylation machinery and upregulation of FAM20C protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Li
- Hospital of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baicheng Yi
- Hospital of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Hospital of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runsha Meng
- Hospital of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- Hospital of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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