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Kim DS, Park SH, Ahn JJ, Jeong CM, Yun MJ, Huh JB, Lee SH. In vitro comparison of the accuracy of an occlusal plane transfer method between facebow and POP bow systems in asymmetric ear position. J Adv Prosthodont 2023; 15:271-280. [PMID: 37936837 PMCID: PMC10625888 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2023.15.5.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study aimed to compare the accuracy of the conventional facebow system and the newly developed POP (PNUD (Pusan National University Dental School) Occlusal Plane) bow system for occlusal plane transfer in asymmetric ear position. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two dentists participated in this study, one was categorized as Experimenter 1 and the other as Experimenter 2 based on their clinical experience with the facebow (1F, 2F) and POP bow (1P, 2P) systems. The vertical height difference between the two ears of the phantom model was set to 3 mm. Experimenter 1 and Experimenter 2 performed the facebow and POP bow systems on the phantom model 10 times each, and the transfer accuracy was analyzed. The accuracy was evaluated by measuring the angle between the reference virtual plane (RVP) of the phantom model and the experimental virtual plane (EVP) of the upper mounting plate through digital superimposition. All data were statistically analyzed using a paired t-test (P < .05). RESULTS Regardless of clinical experience, the POP bow system (0.53° ± 0.30 (1P) and 0.19° ± 0.18 (2P) for Experimenter 1 and 2, respectively) was significantly more accurate than the facebow system (1.88° ± 0.50 (1F) and 1.34° ± 0.25 (2F), respectively) in the frontal view (P < .05). In the sagittal view, no significant differences were found between the POP bow system (0.92° ± 0.50 (1P) and 0.73° ± 0.42 (2P) for Experimenter 1 and 2, respectively) and the facebow system (0.82° ± 0.49 (1F) and 0.60° ± 0.39 (2F), respectively), regardless of clinical experience (P > .05). CONCLUSION In cases of asymmetric ear position, the POP bow system may transfer occlusal plane information more accurately than the facebow system in the frontal view, regardless of clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sung Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyung Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ju Ahn
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Jeong
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Yun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Bo Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyoun Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Gören BD, Derelioğlu SŞ, Yılmaz S. Assessing the Clinical Consequences of Untreated Caries in 8- to 10-Year-Old Children with Pufa Index. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068221075964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the oral health conditions of 8- to 10-year-old students in the mixed dentition stage in Erzurum, Turkey, by determining their dental caries’ status and the soft tissue damages by untreated caries. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in two randomly selected schools in the residential areas populated predominantly by families with mid-and-low socioeconomic levels. A total of 586 children, 275 girls, and 365 boys with a mean age of 8.95 ± 0.8 participated in the study. Number of decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth in the permanent dentition/number of decayed and filled teeth in the primary dentition (DMFT/dft) and visible pulpal involvement (P/p), ulceration caused by dislocated tooth fragments (U/u), fistula (F/f) and abscess (A/a) (PUFA)/pufa indices are included in the clinical examination section of the study. Obtained data were analyzed with SPSS (IBM Corp. 2013, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY). Results: Our research revealed a DMFT score of 2.43 ± 1.7, dft 4.12 ± 2.7, pufa 0.75 ±1.2, PUFA 0.05± 0.24, a caries frequency of 96.1, PUFA/pufa frequency of 40.9, and untreated caries PUFA/pufa ratio was found as 13.3%. A significant difference with positive correlation was found between d and pufa scores ( P < .01). Increasing DMFT, decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) in the permanent dentition, and decreasing dft, decayed, and filled surfaces (dfs) in the primary dentition, and pufa scores with the age increment were found to be significant ( P < .05). Conclusion: The frequency of soft tissue damage associated with untreated caries, caries index scores, and frequency of dental caries was found to be quite high in the study population consisting of children belonging to families with similar socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sera Şimşek Derelioğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sinan Yılmaz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Comparison of two resilient attachment systems for implant-/mucosa-supported overdentures with a PEKK framework: a clinical pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:3707-3719. [PMID: 34935067 PMCID: PMC8979906 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine differences between Locator and CM LOC attachment systems regarding patient satisfaction and wear of the abutments and their inserts. Plaque accumulation onto the polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) framework and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was investigated for the implant-supported overdentures. METHODS Seventeen edentulous patients were randomised to receive either Locator or CM LOC system for the first year. The total number of implants was 53. After the randomisation, 25 implants received Locator system, and 28 implants received CM LOC system in the first year. After a period of 12 months, the attachment system was exchanged from either Locator to CM LOC or vice versa. Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaires were used to evaluate patient satisfaction, chewing comfort, and pressure lesions. Prosthesis hygiene on the PMMA and PEKK surfaces was evaluated by using Stark plaque index. After the exchange of the abutments, they were stored until the end of the 24 months, and the surface wear of the abutments was analysed using a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Three patients (10 implants) died shortly before the end of the first year. Two patients (7 implants) received only Locator system since CM LOC was not indictable for their implant system. Patient's satisfaction was increased when the attachment system was changed from Locator to CM LOC after 12 months of wearing time. Chewing ability and comfort were increased when the attachment system was changed from CM LOC to Locator after 12-month wearing time. There was no influence of the change of the attachment system on pressure lesions. The observed plaque accumulation was higher on the PMMA than on the PEKK surface. For the 8 investigated Locator abutments, the wear was within low and middle level. For the 28 investigated CM LOC abutments, the wear was within middle and high level for the terminal implants and between low and middle for the central implants (for patients who received 4 implants). CONCLUSIONS Patient's satisfaction and wearing comfort can be improved with implant-supported overdentures with CM LOC abutments in comparison to Locator. There was no clear difference between both attachment systems concerning the chewing ability of the patients. Plaque accumulation was observed on both attachment systems in different areas. Plaque accumulation on PEKK surface was less than on PMMA surface. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The CM LOC attachment system offers stable and comfortable wearing conditions for implant-supported overdentures. The use of PEKK as a framework material could reduce the incidence of pressure lesions.
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Bronchoalveolar Lavage Lymphocytes in the Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis among Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 17:1455-1467. [PMID: 32757946 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202005-420oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease (ILD) characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis in response to an inhalational exposure.Objectives: To determine the value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid lymphocyte cellular analysis in the detection of HP among patients with newly detected ILD.Methods: This systematic review was undertaken in the context of development of an American Thoracic Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax clinical practice guideline. The clinical question was, "should patients with newly detected ILD undergo BAL fluid lymphocyte analysis to diagnose HP?" MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the gray literature were searched through October 2019. Studies that reported the percentage of BAL fluid lymphocytes for various ILDs were selected for inclusion. Meta-analyses compared the mean percentage of BAL fluid lymphocytes among patients with HP with that among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) or sarcoidosis. The sensitivity and specificity by which various percentages of BAL fluid lymphocytes distinguish HP from IPF and sarcoidosis were also evaluated.Results: Eighty-four articles were selected. No randomized trials or observational studies were identified that compared BAL fluid lymphocyte analysis with no BAL fluid lymphocyte analysis in patients with ILD. Included studies were case series describing BAL fluid cell differentials in patients with various ILDs. The percentage of BAL fluid lymphocytes was significantly higher in both fibrotic and nonfibrotic HP compared with IPF. Similarly, the percentage of BAL fluid lymphocytes was significantly higher in both fibrotic and nonfibrotic HP compared with sarcoidosis. A threshold of 20% BAL fluid lymphocytes distinguished fibrotic HP from IPF with a sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 61%, respectively, and nonfibrotic HP from IPF with a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 61%, respectively. It distinguished fibrotic HP from sarcoidosis with a sensitivity and specificity of 69% and 26%, respectively, and nonfibrotic HP from sarcoidosis with a sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 26%, respectively.Conclusions: The percentage of BAL fluid lymphocytes is higher in HP than IPF or sarcoidosis. However, a threshold that distinguishes HP from IPF or sarcoidosis with both high sensitivity and high specificity was not identified.
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Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson CJ, Myers JL, Kreuter M, Vasakova M, Bargagli E, Chung JH, Collins BF, Bendstrup E, Chami HA, Chua AT, Corte TJ, Dalphin JC, Danoff SK, Diaz-Mendoza J, Duggal A, Egashira R, Ewing T, Gulati M, Inoue Y, Jenkins AR, Johannson KA, Johkoh T, Tamae-Kakazu M, Kitaichi M, Knight SL, Koschel D, Lederer DJ, Mageto Y, Maier LA, Matiz C, Morell F, Nicholson AG, Patolia S, Pereira CA, Renzoni EA, Salisbury ML, Selman M, Walsh SLF, Wuyts WA, Wilson KC. Diagnosis of Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Adults. An Official ATS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:e36-e69. [PMID: 32706311 PMCID: PMC7397797 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202005-2032st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 114.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This guideline addresses the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). It represents a collaborative effort among the American Thoracic Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax.Methods: Systematic reviews were performed for six questions. The evidence was discussed, and then recommendations were formulated by a multidisciplinary committee of experts in the field of interstitial lung disease and HP using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.Results: The guideline committee defined HP, and clinical, radiographic, and pathological features were described. HP was classified into nonfibrotic and fibrotic phenotypes. There was limited evidence that was directly applicable to all questions. The need for a thorough history and a validated questionnaire to identify potential exposures was agreed on. Serum IgG testing against potential antigens associated with HP was suggested to identify potential exposures. For patients with nonfibrotic HP, a recommendation was made in favor of obtaining bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid for lymphocyte cellular analysis, and suggestions for transbronchial lung biopsy and surgical lung biopsy were also made. For patients with fibrotic HP, suggestions were made in favor of obtaining BAL for lymphocyte cellular analysis, transbronchial lung cryobiopsy, and surgical lung biopsy. Diagnostic criteria were established, and a diagnostic algorithm was created by expert consensus. Knowledge gaps were identified as future research directions.Conclusions: The guideline committee developed a systematic approach to the diagnosis of HP. The approach should be reevaluated as new evidence accumulates.
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Zimmer B, Sino H. Coordinating bracket torque and incisor inclination : Part 1: The development of widely applicable equations. J Orofac Orthop 2018; 79:157-167. [PMID: 29546439 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-018-0129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this investigation was to develop equations to describe the geometric relations among "targeted incisor inclinations" (tU1, tL1) accommodating different cephalometric norms (Ricketts, Bergen, etc.) with the "expected inclinations" (eU1, eL1), as they can be generated by bracket torque values according to Andrews, Roth, Ricketts, and MBT. METHODS In its key parts, the present study is a theoretical work in which structural relationships are described using standard mathematical and geometric methodologies. RESULTS The "targeted norm-inclinations" (tU1, tL1) were calculated relative to a single reference plane (BOP according to Downs), thus, allowing for a direct comparison of different cephalometric values. Referring to the "expected inclinations" (eU1, eL1), it was found that in addition to bracket torque (BT) morphological and structural parameters also have to be taken into account. These are the "torque coordination angle" (TCA) representing the variation in dental morphology and, the correction angles between BOP and the upper (uOP) (α1) or the lower (lOP) occlusal plane (β1). Moreover, the angles α2 between an upper (uBPP) and β2 between a lower bracket positioning plane (lBPP) and the occlusal planes (uOP, lOP) have to be considered. As a consequence, suitable equations were developed (eU1(BOP) = 90° - BT(U1) - TCA(U1) + α1 - α2, and eL1(BOP) = 90° - BT(L1) - TCA(L1) + β1 - β2), allowing the calculation of expected torque-dependent inclinations (eU1, eL1) and representing the prerequisite for a comparison with the cephalometric targeted values (tU1, tL1). CONCLUSIONS By developing suitable equations, it became possible to name and quantify those parameters that are responsible for incisor inclinations and enable a comparison with targeted cephalometric values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Zimmer
- Orthodontic Practice, Teichstr. 24, 34130, Kassel, Germany.
| | - Hiba Sino
- Orthodontic Practice, Teichstr. 24, 34130, Kassel, Germany
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Babukumar S, Vinothkumar V, Velu P, Ramachandhiran D, Ramados Nirmal M. Molecular effects of hesperetin, a citrus flavanone on7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced buccal pouch squamous cell carcinoma in golden Syrian hamsters. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:265-278. [PMID: 28457144 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1317815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have been focused on citrus flavanone, a naturally occurring bioactive substance of hesperetin. To investigate the molecular mechanism based chemopreventive efficacy of hesperetin on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The oral tumour was provoked by painted with 0.5% DMBA on left buccal pouch thrice a week for 10 consecutive weeks developed well-differentiated SCC and tumour formation was 100% in DMBA alone. We evaluated the chemopreventive potential of hesperetin by assessing the lipid peroxidation (LPO) by-products, status of enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants, detoxifying agents etc. Moreover, modulating expression of apoptotic and cell proliferation markers were observed in HBP SCC experimental hamsters. Oral administration of hesperetin (20 mg/kg b.w.) to DMBA painted hamsters significantly reversed the stages of oral SCC. Our findings indicate that hesperetin possesses a chemopreventive effect in DMBA-induced oral SCC by exerting anti-carcinogenic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Babukumar
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science , Annamalai University , Annamalainagar , Tamilnadu , India
| | - Veerasamy Vinothkumar
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science , Annamalai University , Annamalainagar , Tamilnadu , India
| | - Periyannan Velu
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science , Annamalai University , Annamalainagar , Tamilnadu , India
| | - Duraisamy Ramachandhiran
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science , Annamalai University , Annamalainagar , Tamilnadu , India
| | - Madhavan Ramados Nirmal
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital , Annamalai University , Annamalainagar , Tamilnadu , India
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Golec M, Wielscher M, Lemieszek MK, Vierlinger K, Skórska C, Huetter S, Sitkowska J, Mackiewicz B, Góra-Florek A, Ziesche R, Yanai H, Fraifeld VE, Milanowski J, Dutkiewicz J. Middle age enhances expression of innate immunity genes in a female mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Biogerontology 2017; 18:253-262. [PMID: 28093691 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are highly sensitive to tissue fibrosis, with a clear age-related component. Among the possible triggers of pulmonary fibrosis are repeated inhalations of fine organic particles. How age affects this response, is still far from being fully understood. We examined the impact of middle-age on gene expression in pulmonary fibrosis, using the novel "inhalation challenge set" mouse model. Our results demonstrate that the response of female mice to exposure of Pantoea agglomerans extract primarily involves various immune-related pathways and cell-cell/cell-extracellular matrix interactions. We found that middle-age had a strong effect on the response to the P. agglomerans-induced lung fibrosis, featured by a more rapid response and increased magnitude of expression changes. Genes belonging to innate immunity pathways (such as the TLR signaling and the NK-cell mediated cytotoxicity) were particularly up-regulated in middle-aged animals, suggesting that they may be potential targets for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis caused by inhalations of organic particles. Our analysis also highlights the relevance of the "inhalation challenge set" mouse model to lung aging and related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Golec
- Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | | | | | - Czesława Skórska
- Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | | | | | - Barbara Mackiewicz
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Góra-Florek
- Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rolf Ziesche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Clinical Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hagai Yanai
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Vadim E Fraifeld
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.,Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Dutkiewicz
- Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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Glutathione peroxidase 3 localizes to the epithelial lining fluid and the extracellular matrix in interstitial lung disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29952. [PMID: 27435875 PMCID: PMC4951690 DOI: 10.1038/srep29952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant antioxidant activity and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) are hallmarks of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). It is known that oxidative stress alters the ECM, but extracellular antioxidant defence mechanisms in ILD are incompletely understood. Here, we extracted abundance and detergent solubility of extracellular antioxidant enzymes from a proteomic dataset of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice and assessed regulation and distribution of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) in murine and human lung fibrosis. Superoxide dismutase 3 (Sod3), Gpx3, and Gpx activity were increased in mouse BALF during bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. In lung tissue homogenates, Gpx3, but not Sod3, was upregulated and detergent solubility profiling indicated that Gpx3 associated with ECM proteins. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Gpx3 was expressed by bronchial epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts and localized to the basement membrane and interstitial ECM in lung tissue. As to human ILD samples, BALF of some patients contained high levels of GPX3, and GPX3 was upregulated in lung homogenates from IPF patients. GPX3 expression in primary human bronchial epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts was downregulated by TNF-α, but more variably regulated by TGF-β1 and menadione. In conclusion, the antioxidant enzyme GPX3 localizes to lung ECM and is variably upregulated in ILD.
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