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Teng J, Zhao Y, Li YB, Xue LY, Zhai YX, Liu JR, Wang H, Ji XS. LECT2 mediates antibacterial immune response induced by Nocardia seriolae infection in the northern snakehead. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109708. [PMID: 38908810 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Leukocyte-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) is a multifunctional immunoregulator that plays several pivotal roles in the host's defense against pathogens. This study aimed to elucidate the specific functions and mechanisms of LECT2 (CaLECT2) in the northern snakehead (Channa argus) during infections with pathogens such as Nocardia seriolae (N. seriolae). We identified CaLECT2 in the northern snakehead, demonstrating its participation in the immune response to N. seriolae infection. CaLECT2 contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 459 bp, encoding a peptide of 152 amino acids featuring a conserved peptidase M23 domain. The CaLECT2 protein shares 62%-84 % identities with proteins from various other fish species. Transcriptional expression analysis revealed that CaLECT2 was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest expression observed in the liver. Following intraperitoneal infection with N. seriolae, CaLECT2 transcription increased in the spleen, trunk kidney, and liver. In vivo challenge experiments showed that injecting recombinant CaLECT2 (rCaLECT2) could protect the snakehead against N. seriolae infection by reducing bacterial load, enhancing serum antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity, and minimizing tissue damage. Moreover, in vitro analysis indicated that rCaLECT2 significantly enhanced the migration, respiratory burst, and microbicidal activity of the head kidney-derived phagocytes. These findings provide new insights into the role of LECT2 in the antibacterial immunity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Teng
- Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction By Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction By Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Yu Bao Li
- Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Liang Yi Xue
- College of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315832, China
| | - Yi Xiang Zhai
- Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Jian Ru Liu
- Phage Research Center, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction By Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Xiang Shan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction By Ministry and Province) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, China.
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Miao X, Alidadipour A, Saed V, Sayyadi F, Jadidi Y, Davoudi M, Amraee F, Jadidi N, Afrisham R. Hepatokines: unveiling the molecular and cellular mechanisms connecting hepatic tissue to insulin resistance and inflammation. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02335-9. [PMID: 39031190 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance arising from Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) stands as a prevalent global ailment, a manifestation within societies stemming from individuals' suboptimal dietary habits and lifestyles. This form of insulin resistance emerges as a pivotal factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging evidence underscores the significant role of hepatokines, as hepatic-secreted hormone-like entities, in the genesis of insulin resistance and eventual onset of type 2 diabetes. Hepatokines exert influence over extrahepatic metabolism regulation. Their principal functions encompass impacting adipocytes, pancreatic cells, muscles, and the brain, thereby playing a crucial role in shaping body metabolism through signaling to target tissues. This review explores the most important hepatokines, each with distinct influences. Our review shows that Fetuin-A promotes lipid-induced insulin resistance by acting as an endogenous ligand for Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). FGF21 reduces inflammation in diabetes by blocking the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in adipocytes and adipose tissue, while also improving glucose metabolism. ANGPTL6 enhances AMPK and insulin signaling in muscle, and suppresses gluconeogenesis. Follistatin can influence insulin resistance and inflammation by interacting with members of the TGF-β family. Adropin show a positive correlation with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), a key regulator of gluconeogenesis. This article delves into hepatokines' impact on NAFLD, inflammation, and T2DM, with a specific focus on insulin resistance. The aim is to comprehend the influence of these recently identified hormones on disease development and their underlying physiological and pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Arian Alidadipour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vian Saed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firooze Sayyadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Jadidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Davoudi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amraee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Jadidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Afrisham
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu W, Wang Q, Yeerlan J, Yan Y, Xu L, Jia C, Liu X, Zhang L. Global research trends and hotspots for leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 from the past to 2023: a combined bibliometric review. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1413466. [PMID: 38881894 PMCID: PMC11176436 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1413466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) is an important cytokine synthesized by liver. Significant research interest is stimulated by its crucial involvement in inflammatory response, immune regulation, disease occurrence and development. However, bibliometric study on LECT2 is lacking. In order to comprehend the function and operation of LECT2 in human illnesses, we examined pertinent studies on LECT2 investigation in the Web of Science database, followed by utilizing CiteSpace, VOSview, and Scimago Graphica for assessing the yearly quantity of papers, countries/regions involved, establishments, authors, publications, citations, and key terms. Then we summarized the current research hotspots in this field. Our study found that the literature related to LECT2 has a fluctuating upward trend. "Angiogenesis", "ALECT2", "diagnosis", and "biliary atresia" are the current investigative frontiers. Our findings indicated that liver diseases (e.g. liver fibrosis and hepatic cell carcinoma), systemic inflammatory disease, and amyloidosis are the current research focus of LECT2. The current LECT2 research outcomes are not exceptional. We hope to promote the scientific research of LECT2 and exploit its potential for clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases through a comprehensive bibliometric review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nanbu People’s Hospital, Nanbu, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yirui Yan
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Luke Xu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Cui Jia
- Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinlian Liu
- Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lushun Zhang
- Development and Regeneration Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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Ha JH, Xu Y, Sekhon H, Zhao W, Wilkens S, Ren D, Loh SN. Mimicking kidney flow shear efficiently induces aggregation of LECT2, a protein involved in renal amyloidosis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107231. [PMID: 38537700 PMCID: PMC11040205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) causes ALECT2, a systemic amyloidosis that affects the kidney and liver. Previous studies established that LECT2 fibrillogenesis is accelerated by the loss of its bound zinc ion and stirring/shaking. These forms of agitation create heterogeneous shear conditions, including air-liquid interfaces that denature proteins, that are not present in the body. Here, we determined the extent to which a more physiological form of mechanical stress-shear generated by fluid flow through a network of narrow channels-drives LECT2 fibrillogenesis. To mimic blood flow through the kidney, where LECT2 and other proteins form amyloid deposits, we developed a microfluidic device consisting of progressively branched channels narrowing from 5 mm to 20 μm in width. Shear was particularly pronounced at the branch points and in the smallest capillaries. Aggregation was induced within 24 h by shear levels that were in the physiological range and well below those required to unfold globular proteins such as LECT2. EM images suggested the resulting fibril ultrastructures were different when generated by laminar flow shear versus shaking/stirring. Importantly, results from the microfluidic device showed the first evidence that the I40V mutation accelerated fibril formation and increased both the size and the density of the aggregates. These findings suggest that kidney-like flow shear, in combination with zinc loss, acts in combination with the I40V mutation to trigger LECT2 amyloidogenesis. These microfluidic devices may be of general use for uncovering mechanisms by which blood flow induces misfolding and amyloidosis of circulating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung-Hoi Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Yikang Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Harsimranjit Sekhon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Wenhan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA; Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
| | - Stewart N Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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Kuzan A, Maksymowicz K, Królewicz E, Lindner-Pawłowicz K, Zatyka P, Wojnicz P, Nowaczyński M, Słomczyński A, Sobieszczańska M. Association between Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin 2 and Metabolic and Renal Diseases in a Geriatric Population: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7544. [PMID: 38137613 PMCID: PMC10744026 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
LECT2 is not a routine diagnostic marker for any disease, but it has been associated with many pathologies, including systemic amyloidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. With human aortic sections (n = 22) and sera from geriatric subjects (n = 79), we analyzed the relationships that could be observed between this protein and other parameters related to metabolic diseases. As a result, we observed a relatively high (r~0.8, p < 0.05) positive correlation between SRA and LECT2 and a negative correlation between EGFR and LECT2 (r~-0.4, p < 0.05). We observed LECT2 expression in macrophages, myocytes, and other aortic cells, with a tendency to be overexpressed in developed atherosclerotic plaques. We conclude that LECT2 exerts its chemotactic effects not only as a protein synthesized in the liver and secreted and circulating in the blood but also as a locally expressed protein within atherosclerotic plaque development. The LECT2-EGFR correlation suggests an association of this protein with loss of normal renal function. This fact can be associated with LECT2 amyloidosis, although it should be verified whether in the geriatric population there is indeed a widespread accumulation of LECT2 with the progression of aging or whether it is rather a marker of general deterioration of renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Maksymowicz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Emilia Królewicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Lindner-Pawłowicz
- Clinical Department of Geriatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.L.-P.); (M.S.)
| | - Piotr Zatyka
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.Z.); (M.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Piotr Wojnicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.Z.); (M.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Maciej Nowaczyński
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.Z.); (M.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Adam Słomczyński
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (P.Z.); (M.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Sobieszczańska
- Clinical Department of Geriatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.L.-P.); (M.S.)
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Paine‐Cabrera D, Harvey LK, Robarts DR, Pritchard MT, Thyfault J, Weinman SA, Apte U, Slowik V. Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 correlates with pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2719-2728. [PMID: 37877453 PMCID: PMC10719457 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), newly renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD), is a leading cause of liver disease in children and adults. There is a paucity of data surrounding potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, especially in pediatric NAFLD. Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is a chemokine associated with both liver disease and skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Our aim was to determine associations between LECT2 and common clinical findings of NAFLD in pediatric patients. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serum LECT2 concentrations in children (aged 2-17 years) with and without NAFLD. LECT2 concentrations were then correlated to clinical parameters in NAFLD. Mean LECT2 was significantly elevated in children with NAFLD versus healthy controls (n = 63 vs. 42, 5.83 ± 1.98 vs. 4.02 ± 2.02 ng/mL, p < 0.005). Additionally, LECT2 had strong correlations with body mass index (BMI) (Pearson r = 0.301, p = 0.002). A LECT2 concentration of 3.76 mg/mL predicts NAFLD with a sensitivity of 90.5% and specificity of 54.8%. Principal component analysis and logistic regression models further confirmed associations between LECT2 and NAFLD status. This study demonstrates increased serum LECT2 concentrations in pediatric NAFLD, which correlates with BMI and shows strong predictive value within these patients. Our data indicate that LECT2 is a potential diagnostic biomarker of disease and should be further investigated in pediatric as well as adult NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Paine‐Cabrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Lisa K. Harvey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Mercy – Kansas CityKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Dakota R. Robarts
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Michele T. Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
- University of Kansas Liver CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - John Thyfault
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
- Children's Center for Healthy Lifestyles and NutritionKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- University of Kansas Liver CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and TherapeuticsUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
- University of Kansas Liver CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
- Children's Center for Healthy Lifestyles and NutritionKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Voytek Slowik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and NutritionChildren's Mercy – Kansas CityKansas CityMissouriUSA
- Children's Center for Healthy Lifestyles and NutritionKansas CityMissouriUSA
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Shen Y, Song L, Chen T, Jiang H, Yang G, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Lim KK, Meng X, Zhao J, Chen X. Identification of hub genes in digestive system of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) fed with artificial diet by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101112. [PMID: 37516099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a carnivorous freshwater fish and an economically important species. The digestive system (liver, stomach, intestine, pyloric caecum, esophagus, and gallbladder) is an important site for studying fish domestication. In our previous study, we found that mandarin fish undergoes adaptive changes in histological morphology and gene expression levels of the digestive system when subjected to artificial diet domestication. However, we are not clear which hub genes are highly associated with domestication. In this study, we performed WGCNA on the transcriptomes of 17 tissues and 9 developmental stages and combined differentially expressed genes analysis in the digestive system to identify the hub genes that may play important functions in the adaptation of mandarin fish to bait conversion. A total of 31,657 genes in 26 samples were classified into 23 color modules via WGCNA. The modules midnightblue, darkred, lightyellow, and darkgreen highly associated with the liver, stomach, esophagus, and gallbladder were extracted, respectively. Tan module was highly related to both intestine and pyloric caecum. The hub genes in liver were cp, vtgc, c1in, c9, lect2, and klkb1. The hub genes in stomach were ghrl, atp4a, gjb3, muc5ac, duox2, and chia2. The hub genes in esophagus were mybpc1, myl2, and tpm3. The hub genes in gallbladder were dyst, npy2r, slc13a1, and slc39a4. The hub genes in the intestine and pyloric caecum were slc15a1, cdhr5, btn3a1, anpep, slc34a2, cdhr2, and ace2. Through pathway analysis, modules highly related to the digestive system were mainly enriched in digestion and absorption, metabolism, and immune-related pathways. After domestication, the hub genes vtgc and lect2 were significantly upregulated in the liver. Chia2 was significantly downregulated in the stomach. Slc15a1, anpep, and slc34a2 were significantly upregulated in the intestine. This study identified the hub genes that may play an important role in the adaptation of the digestive system to artificial diet, which provided novel evidence and ideas for further research on the domestication of mandarin fish from molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shen
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; CCMAR/CIMAR Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Lingyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Tiantian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guokun Yang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Xindang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Kah Kheng Lim
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaolin Meng
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Jinliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Ha JH, Xu Y, Sekhon H, Wilkens S, Ren D, Loh SN. Mimicking Kidney Flow Shear Efficiently Induces Aggregation of LECT2, a Protein Involved in Renal Amyloidosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.13.548788. [PMID: 37503176 PMCID: PMC10369975 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.13.548788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) causes ALECT2, a systemic amyloidosis that affects the kidney and liver. Homozygosity of the I40V LECT2 mutation is believed to be necessary but not sufficient for the disease. Previous studies established that LECT2 fibrillogenesis is greatly accelerated by loss of its single bound zinc ion and stirring or shaking. These forms of agitation are often used to facilitate protein aggregation, but they create heterogeneous shear conditions, including air-liquid interfaces that denature proteins, that are not present in the body. Here, we determined the extent to which a more physiological form of mechanical stress-shear generated by fluid flow through a network of artery and capillary-sized channels-drives LECT2 fibrillogenesis. To mimic blood flow through the human kidney, where LECT2 and other proteins form amyloid deposits, we developed a microfluidic device consisting of progressively branched channels narrowing from 5 mm to 20 μm in width. Flow shear was particularly pronounced at the branch points and in the smallest capillaries, and this induced LECT2 aggregation much more efficiently than conventional shaking methods. EM images suggested the resulting fibril structures were different in the two conditions. Importantly, results from the microfluidic device showed the first evidence that the I40V mutation accelerated fibril formation and increased both size and density of the aggregates. These findings suggest that kidney-like flow shear, in combination with zinc loss, acts in combination with the I40V mutation to trigger LECT2 amyloidogenesis. These microfluidic devices may be of general use for uncovering the mechanisms by which blood flow induces misfolding and amyloidosis of circulating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung-Hoi Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Yikang Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - Harsimranjit Sekhon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Dacheng Ren
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - Stewart N. Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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Kochneva A, Efremov D, Murzina SA. Proteins journey-from marine to freshwater ecosystem: blood plasma proteomic profiles of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Walbaum, 1792 during spawning migration. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1216119. [PMID: 37383149 PMCID: PMC10293649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1216119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) is a commercial anadromous fish species of the family Salmonidae. This species has a 2-year life cycle that distinguishes it from other salmonids. It includes the spawning migration from marine to freshwater environments, accompanied by significant physiological and biochemical adaptive changes in the body. This study reveals and describes variability in the blood plasma proteomes of female and male pink salmon collected from three biotopes-marine, estuarine and riverine-that the fish pass through in spawning migration. Identification and comparative analysis of blood plasma protein profiles were performed using proteomics and bioinformatic approaches. The blood proteomes of female and male spawners collected from different biotopes were qualitatively and quantitatively distinguished. Females differed primarily in proteins associated with reproductive system development (certain vitellogenin and choriogenin), lipid transport (fatty acid binding protein) and energy production (fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase), and males in proteins involved in blood coagulation (fibrinogen), immune response (lectins) and reproductive processes (vitellogenin). Differentially expressed sex-specific proteins were implicated in proteolysis (aminopeptidases), platelet activation (β- and γ-chain fibrinogen), cell growth and differentiation (a protein containing the TGF_BETA_2 domain) and lipid transport processes (vitellogenin and apolipoprotein). The results are of both fundamental and practical importance, adding to existing knowledge of the biochemical adaptations to spawning of pink salmon, a representative of economically important migratory fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Kochneva
- Environmental Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Denis Efremov
- Ecology of Fishes and Water Invertebrates Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Murzina
- Environmental Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Nowicki M, Wierzbowska A, Szymańska B, Nowicki G, Szmigielska-Kapło A. Inflammation-related mRNA expression in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Exp Hematol 2023:S0301-472X(23)00069-3. [PMID: 36906219 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Mobilization of CD34+ cells is a key element in the therapy of patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. The use of chemotherapy and the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor can significantly affect the expression of inflammation-related proteins and the migration of hematopoietic stem cells. We assessed the mRNA expression of selected proteins involved in the inflammatory landscape in MM patients (n=71). The aim of the study was to evaluate C-C motif chemokine ligand 3, 4, 5 (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5), leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) levels in the course of mobilization and their role in the CD34+ collection efficacy. mRNA expression from peripheral blood plasma was evaluated by RT-PCR. We observed a deep decline in CCL3, CCL4, LECT2, and TNF mRNA expression on the day of the first apheresis (day A) as compared to baseline. A negative correlation was observed between CCL3, FPR2, LECT2, TNF level, and the CD34+ cells count in peripheral blood on day A, and the number of CD34+ cells obtained at first apheresis . Our results indicate that the investigated mRNAs significantly alter and may regulate the migration of CD34+ cells during mobilization. Moreover, in case of FPR2 and LECT2, the results obtained in patients differ from the murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Nowicki
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer Center and Traumatology, Poland; Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbowska
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer Center and Traumatology, Poland; Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Szymańska
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Anna Szmigielska-Kapło
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer Center and Traumatology, Poland; Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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11
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de la Cruz Jasso MA, Mejía-Vilet JM, Del Toro-Cisneros N, Aguilar-León DE, Morales-Buenrostro LE, Herrera G, Uribe-Uribe NO. Leukocyte Chemotactic Factor 2 Amyloidosis (ALECT2) Distribution in a Mexican Population. Am J Clin Pathol 2023; 159:89-97. [PMID: 36370056 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of leukocyte cell-derived chemotactic 2 (LECT2), its organ involvement, and its clinical association in autopsies from an ethnically biased population. METHODS The tissues from all autopsies of individuals diagnosed with amyloidosis were reassessed and typed for amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis, amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), and leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis (ALECT2) by immunohistochemistry. Organ involvement was described and correlated with its clinical associations. RESULTS Of 782 autopsies, 27 (3.5%) had a confirmed diagnosis of amyloidosis. Of these, 14 (52%) corresponded to ALECT2, 5 (19%) to AL amyloidosis, 2 (7%) to ATTR amyloidosis, 1 (4%) to AA amyloidosis, and 5 (21%) as undetermined-type amyloidosis. The LECT2 amyloid deposits were found in the kidneys, liver, spleen, and adrenal glands in most individuals. Except for the kidneys, there were no clinical signs suggestive of amyloid deposition in most of the affected organs. LECT2 amyloidosis was not associated with the cause of death in any case. No cases had heart or brain involvement. Potential subclinical effects of amyloid deposition in organs such as adrenal glands and spleen require further study. CONCLUSIONS This autopsy study confirms the high prevalence of LECT2 amyloidosis in the Mexican population, with frequent amyloid deposition in the kidneys, liver, spleen, and adrenal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan M Mejía-Vilet
- Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexicoand
| | - Noemí Del Toro-Cisneros
- Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexicoand
| | | | - Luis E Morales-Buenrostro
- Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexicoand
| | - Guillermo Herrera
- Department of Pathology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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12
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Proteomic Identification and Clinicopathologic Characterization of Splenic Amyloidosis. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:74-80. [PMID: 35968972 PMCID: PMC9760463 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The spleen is a commonly encountered specimen in surgical pathology. However, little is known about the incidence, morphologic pattern, and clinical features of spleens involved by amyloidosis. We retrospectively identified 69 spleen amyloid cases typed using a proteomics-based method between 2008 and 2020. The frequency of amyloid types, clinicopathologic features, and distribution of amyloid deposits were assessed. Four amyloid types were detected: immunoglobulin light chain (AL) (N=30; 43.5%); leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis (ALECT2) (N=30; 43.5%); amyloid A (AA) (N=8; 11.6%); and fibrinogen alpha (AFib) (N=1; 1.4%). The splenic amyloid showed 5 distinct distribution patterns: (1) diffuse pattern, exhibited by most AL cases; (2) red pulp pattern, exhibited by most ALECT2 cases; (3) multinodular pattern, seen in subsets of AA and AL-kappa cases; (4) mass-forming pattern, seen in the AFib case; and (5) vascular only, seen in a subset of AA cases. Atraumatic splenic rupture was the most common reason for splenectomy in AL cases, while most ALECT2 spleens were removed incidentally during an unrelated abdominal surgery. Splenomegaly was significantly more common in AA spleens than in AL or ALECT2 spleens and was often the reason for splenectomy in this group. In conclusion, splenic amyloid may be underrecognized as it is often an incidental finding. Although, as expected, many of the spleens were involved by AL amyloidosis, ALECT2 emerged as another common spleen amyloid type. Although the spleen amyloid types exhibited characteristic distribution patterns, proteomics-based typing is warranted as some morphologic overlap still exists. Awareness of ALECT2 as a major spleen amyloid type is important for appropriate diagnostic workup and patient management.
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13
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Qin J, Sun W, Zhang H, Wu Z, Shen J, Wang W, Wei Y, Liu Y, Gao Y, Xu H. Prognostic value of LECT2 and relevance to immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:951077. [PMID: 36160006 PMCID: PMC9500357 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.951077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin2 (LECT2) is associated with the development of HCC. However, there are still no studies with a comprehensive analysis of the role of LECT2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: TCGA data sets were used to analyze the expression of LECT2 in HCC. In addition, the prognostic value of LECT2 in HCC was also investigated. DriverDBv3 was used to analyze the Mutation, CNV, and methylation profiles of LECT2. And, validated by immunohistochemistry in 72 HCC samples. The prognostic value of LECT2 and the correlation with clinicopathological features were analyzed. The GO/KEGG enrichment analysis of LECT2 co-expression and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed using the R software package. The PPI interaction network was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database. Immune infiltration was estimated by the XCELL, TIMER, QUANTISEQ, MCPCOUNTER, EPIC, CIBERSORT abs and CIBERSORT algorithms, and Spearman was used to analyzing their correlation with LECT2. Moreover, we analyzed the correlation of LECT2 expression with immune checkpoint molecules and HLA genes. Finally, we analyzed the IC50 values of six chemotherapeutic drugs by the pRRophetic package. Results: Reduced LECT2 expression levels found in HCC patients. Moreover, decreased levels of LECT2 were associated with poor overall survival, disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, and progression-free survival. Besides, methylation was significantly associated with LECT2 expression. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that LECT2 may affect HCC progression through various pathways such as JAK/STAT signaling pathway, cell cycle, and pathways in cancer. Additionally, the results showed that LECT2 expression was negatively correlated with immune infiltration of B cells, Neutrophil, Monocyte, Cancer-associated fibroblast, and Myeloid dendritic cell, and positively correlated with T cell CD8+ naive, Endothelial cell, and Hematopoietic stem cell. LECT2 expression was negatively correlated with multiple immune checkpoint molecules and HLA genes. Chemosensitivity analysis showed that chemosensitivity was lower in the LECT2 high expression group. We validated the prognostic value of LECT2 and analysis of clinicopathological features showed a lower TNM stage in the group with high expression of LECT2. Conclusion: Low expression of LECT2 in HCC is closely associated with poor prognosis, LECT2 may have potential clinical applications due to its unique immunological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangfeng Qin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weijie Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiapei Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenhai Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Liu, ; Yufeng Gao, ; Honghai Xu,
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Liu, ; Yufeng Gao, ; Honghai Xu,
| | - Honghai Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Yanyan Liu, ; Yufeng Gao, ; Honghai Xu,
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14
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Kim J, Lee SK, Kim D, Lee E, Park CY, Choe H, Kang MJ, Kim HJ, Kim JH, Hong JP, Lee YJ, Park HS, Heo Y, Jang YJ. Adipose tissue LECT2 expression is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Korean women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1430-1441. [PMID: 35722819 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is an obesity-upregulated hepatokine inducing skeletal muscle insulin resistance. The study's aim was to explore whether LECT2 is expressed in human adipose tissue and whether the expression is dysregulated during obesity and associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. METHODS This study measured metabolic parameters, serum LECT2, and expression of LECT2 and CD209, a gene encoding a putative receptor for LECT2, in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues in women with obesity (with or without type 2 diabetes) and women with normal weight. The expression/secretion of LECT2 and its putative effects were assessed in human adipocytes. RESULTS Adipose tissue LECT2 mRNA and serum LECT2 were higher in women with obesity and were significantly correlated with parameters related to insulin resistance. LECT2 was mainly expressed by adipocytes. Both LECT2 and CD209 expression was higher in adipocytes from women with obesity. Incubating adipocytes with substances mimicking the microenvironment of obesity adipose tissue increased LECT2 expression/secretion. LECT2 treatment of adipocytes suppressed insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation; it reduced adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and increased leptin (LEP) expression in a CD209-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that LECT2 expression in adipose tissue is high in patients with obesity and associated with insulin resistance and suggests that adipocyte-derived LECT2 may contribute to adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brexogen Research Center, Brexogen Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brexogen Research Center, Brexogen Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donguk Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Yoon Park
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health Science, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong-si, South Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa Jung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyeok Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Pio Hong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonseok Heo
- Department of General Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 is an antiviral regulator acting through the proto-oncogene MET. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3176. [PMID: 35676290 PMCID: PMC9177837 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I is an essential innate immune sensor that recognises pathogen RNAs and induces interferon (IFN) production. However, little is known about how host proteins regulate RIG-I activation. Here, we show that leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), a hepatokine and ligand of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase is an antiviral regulator that promotes the RIG-I-mediated innate immune response. Upon binding to MET, LECT2 induces the recruitment of the phosphatase PTP4A1 to MET and facilitates the dissociation and dephosphorylation of phosphorylated SHP2 from MET, thereby protecting RIG-I from SHP2/c-Cbl-mediated degradation. In vivo, LECT2 overexpression enhances RIG-I-dependent IFN production and inhibits lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) replication in the liver, whereas these changes are reversed in LECT2 knockout mice. Forced suppression of MET abolishes IFN production and antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), an original MET ligand, inhibits LECT2-mediated anti-viral signalling; conversely, LECT2-MET signalling competes with HGF-MET signalling. Our findings reveal previously unrecognized crosstalk between MET-mediated proliferation and innate immunity and suggest that targeting LECT2 may have therapeutic value in infectious diseases and cancer. The innate antiviral immune response is an important defense against infection. Here, the authors show that leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) promotes RIG-I-mediated innate immune responses by preventing its degradation, and inhibits lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus replication in the liver.
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16
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Organokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116193. [PMID: 35682868 PMCID: PMC9180954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. Organokines can produce beneficial or harmful effects in this condition. Among RA patients, organokines have been associated with increased inflammation and cartilage degradation due to augmented cytokines and metalloproteinases production, respectively. This study aimed to perform a review to investigate the role of adipokines, osteokines, myokines, and hepatokines on RA progression. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane were searched, and 18 studies were selected, comprising more than 17,000 RA patients. Changes in the pattern of organokines secretion were identified, and these could directly or indirectly contribute to aggravating RA, promoting articular alterations, and predicting the disease activity. In addition, organokines have been implicated in higher radiographic damage, immune dysregulation, and angiogenesis. These can also act as RA potent regulators of cells proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, controlling osteoclasts, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts as well as immune cells chemotaxis to RA sites. Although much is already known, much more is still unknown, principally about the roles of organokines in the occurrence of RA extra-articular manifestations.
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17
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Park CY, Lee SK, Kim J, Kim D, Choe H, Jeong JH, Choi KC, Park HS, Han SN, Jang YJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress increases LECT2 expression via ATF4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 585:169-176. [PMID: 34808500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Elevated circulating levels of the hepatokine leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) have also been noted in NAFLD; however, the mechanism underlying this association is unclear. To investigate a possible link between ER stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling and LECT2 secretion, HepG2 cells were incubated with ER stress inducers with or without an ER stress-reducing chemical chaperone. Additionally, UPR pathway genes were knocked down and overexpressed, and a ChIP assay was performed. In diet-induced obese mice, hepatic expression of LECT2 and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) was measured. In HepG2 cells, LECT2 expression was increased by ER stressors, an effect blocked by the chemical chaperone. Among UPR pathway proteins, only knockdown of ATF4 suppressed ER stress-induced LECT2 expression, while overexpression of ATF4 enhanced LECT2 expression. The ChIP assay revealed that ATF4 binds to three putative binding sites on the LECT2 promoter and binding is promoted by an ER stress inducer. In steatotic livers of obese mice, LECT2 and ATF4 expression was concomitantly elevated. Our data indicate that activation of ER stress/UPR signaling induces LECT2 expression in steatotic liver; specifically, ATF4 appears to mediate upregulation of LECT2 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Yoon Park
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Health Science, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donguk Kim
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Choe
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, AMIST, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Soon Park
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Nim Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition & Research Institute of Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jin Jang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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18
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Mann BK, Bhandohal JS, Cobos E, Chitturi C, Eppanapally S. LECT-2 amyloidosis: what do we know? J Investig Med 2021; 70:348-353. [PMID: 34848562 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a rare group of diseases characterized by abnormal folding of proteins and extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrils. It can be localized to one organ system or can have systemic involvement. The kidney is the most common organ to be involved in systemic amyloidosis often leading to renal failure and the nephrotic syndrome. The two most common types of renal amyloidosis are immunoglobulin light chain-derived amyloidosis (AL) and reactive amyloidosis (AA). A novel form of amyloidosis (ALECT2) derived from leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 (LECT-2) and primarily involving the kidneys was first described by Benson et al in 2008. The liver was subsequently identified as the second most common organ involved in ALECT2 amyloidosis. LECT-2 is a unique protein that can form amyloid deposits even in its unmutated form. Patients with ALECT2 present with minimal proteinuria in contrast to other forms of amyloidosis especially AL and AA. They may present with slightly elevated serum creatinine. Nephrotic syndrome and hematuria are rare. ALECT2 can be found in association with other types of amyloidosis as well as malignancies or autoimmune diseases. ALECT2 may be confused with amyloidosis associated with light and heavy chain monoclonal gammopathy if the immunofluorescence is positive with anti-light chain and anti-AA sera. The other organs involved are the duodenum, adrenal gland, spleen, prostate, gall bladder, pancreas, small bowel, parathyroid gland, heart, and pulmonary alveolar septa, but consistently uninvolved organs included brain and fibroadipose tissue. A renal biopsy along with characteristic features found on immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry is diagnostic of ALECT2. ALECT2 should be suspected when all markers for AL and AA are negative. Proper diagnosis of ALECT2 can determine need for supportive care versus more aggressive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep Kaur Mann
- Internal Medicine, Kern Medical Center, Bakersfield, California, USA
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19
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The Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSTCs) and Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCs) Axis as a Potential Major Driver of Metabolic Syndrome - Novel Concept and Therapeutic Implications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1417-1422. [PMID: 34822062 PMCID: PMC9033713 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Herein, we would like to introduce a novel concept for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, which is based on molecular relationship between liver and adipose tissue. Particularly, we believe, that unravelling the molecular crosstalk between hepatokines and adipokines will allow to better understand the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and allow to develop novel, effective therapeutic solutions against obesity and metabolic syndrome. Graphical Abstract Inter-organ communication on the level of stem progenitor cells-hepatic stellate cells (HSTCs) and adipose-derived progenitors (ASCs) could represents a key mechanism involved in controlling glucose tolerance as well as insulin sensitivity. ![]()
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20
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Campbell LK, Fleming-Canepa X, Webster RG, Magor KE. Tissue Specific Transcriptome Changes Upon Influenza A Virus Replication in the Duck. Front Immunol 2021; 12:786205. [PMID: 34804075 PMCID: PMC8602823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.786205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ducks are the natural host and reservoir of influenza A virus (IAV), and as such are permissive to viral replication while being unharmed by most strains. It is not known which mechanisms of viral control are globally regulated during infection, and which are specific to tissues during infection. Here we compare transcript expression from tissues from Pekin ducks infected with a recombinant H5N1 strain A/Vietnam 1203/04 (VN1203) or an H5N2 strain A/British Columbia 500/05 using RNA-sequencing analysis and aligning reads to the NCBI assembly ZJU1.0 of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) genome. Highly pathogenic VN1203 replicated in lungs and showed systemic dissemination, while BC500, like most low pathogenic strains, replicated in the intestines. VN1203 infection induced robust differential expression of genes all three days post infection, while BC500 induced the greatest number of differentially expressed genes on day 2 post infection. While there were many genes globally upregulated in response to either VN1203 or BC500, tissue specific gene expression differences were observed. Lungs of ducks infected with VN1203 and intestines of birds infected with BC500, tissues important in influenza replication, showed highest upregulation of pattern recognition receptors and interferon stimulated genes early in the response. These tissues also appear to have specific downregulation of inflammatory components, with downregulation of distinct sets of proinflammatory cytokines in lung, and downregulation of key components of leukocyte recruitment and complement pathways in intestine. Our results suggest that global and tissue specific regulation patterns help the duck control viral replication as well as limit some inflammatory responses in tissues involved in replication to avoid damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Robert G Webster
- Division of Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Katharine E Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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21
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Rodrigues DR, Wilson KM, Bielke LR. Proper Immune Response Depends on Early Exposure to Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chicks. Front Physiol 2021; 12:758183. [PMID: 34721080 PMCID: PMC8554228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.758183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The successional changes in the early intestinal microbiota occur concomitantly with the development, expansion, and education of the mucosal immune system. Although great attention of researchers has been focused on understanding the linkage between microbiota and immune functions, many essential details of the symbiotic relationship between the intestinal pioneer microbiota and the avian immune system remain to be discovered. This study was conducted to understand the impact of different early life intestinal colonizers on innate and adaptive immune processes in chicks and further identify immune-associated proteins expressed in the intestinal tissue. To accomplish it, we performed an in ovo application of two apathogenic Enterobacteriaceae isolates and lactic acid bacteria (L) to determine their influences on the intestinal proteome profile of broilers at the day of hatch (DOH) and at 10 days old. The results indicated that there were predicted biological functions of L-treated chicks associated with the activation and balanced function of the innate and adaptive immune systems. At the same time, the Enterobacteriaceae-exposed birds presented dysregulated immunological mechanisms or downregulated processes related to immune development. Those findings suggested that a proper immune function was dependent on specific gut microbiota exposure, in which the prenatal probiotic application may have favored the fitting programming of immune functions in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise R Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Inspection of Animal Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Kim M Wilson
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lisa R Bielke
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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22
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Zhu S, Bennett S, Li Y, Liu M, Xu J. The molecular structure and role of LECT2 or CHM-II in arthritis, cancer, and other diseases. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:480-488. [PMID: 34550600 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2 or LECT-2), also called chondromodulin II (ChM-II or CHM2) plays a versatile role in various tissues. It was first identified as a chemotactic factor to promote the migration of neutrophils. It was also reported as a hepatokine to regulate glucose metabolism, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. As a secreted factor, LECT2 binds to several cell surface receptors CD209a, Tie1, and Met to regulate inflammatory reaction, fibrogenesis, vascular invasion, and tumor metastasis in various cell types. As an intracellular molecule, it is associated with LECT2-mediated amyloidosis, in which LECT2 misfolding results in insoluble fibrils in multiple tissues such as the kidney, liver, and lung. Recently, LECT2 was found to be associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, involving the dysregulation of osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and endothelial cells in the bone microenvironment. LECT2 is implicated in the development of cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma via MET-mediated PTP1B/Raf1/ERK signaling pathways and is proposed as a biomarker. The mechanisms by which LECT2 regulates diverse pathogenic conditions in various tissues remain to be fully elucidated. Further research to understand the role of LECT2 in a tissue tropism-dependent manner would facilitate the development of LECT2 as a biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samuel Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yihe Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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23
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Li Q, Zhang Z, Fan W, Huang Y, Niu J, Luo G, Liu X, Huang Y, Jian J. LECT2 Protects Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Against Streptococcus agalatiae Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667781. [PMID: 34093564 PMCID: PMC8174566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is a multifunctional cytokine that especially plays an important role in innate immune. However, the roles of LECT2 in the immune response of the economically important fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) against bacterial infection remains unclear. In this study, a lect2 gene from Nile tilapia (On-lect2) was identified, and its roles in the fish’s immune response against bacterial infection were determined and characterised. On-lect2 contains an open reading frame of 456 bp that encodes a peptide of 151 amino acids, as well as the conservative peptidase M23 domain. On-LECT2 is 62%–84% identical to other fish species and about 50% identical to mammals. The highest transcriptional level of On-lect2 was detected in the liver, whereas the lowest levels were detected in the other tissues. Moreover, the On-LECT2 protein is located mainly in the brain and head kidney. The transcriptional levels of On-lect2 substantially increased in the head kidney, brain, liver and spleen after Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Knockdown On-lect2 led to higher mortality due to liver necrosis or haemorrhage and splenomegaly. In vitro analysis indicated that the recombinant protein of On-LECT2 improved phagocytic activity of head kidney-derived macrophages. In vivo challenge experiments revealed several functions of On-LECT2 in the immune response of Nile tilapia against bacterial infection, including promotion of inflammation, reduction of tissue damages and improvement of survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weiqi Fan
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yongxiong Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinzhong Niu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guoling Luo
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinchao Liu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Shye M, Sisk A, Schulze C, Barsoum M, Mikhail M, Arman F, Rastogi A, Hanna RM. A case of renal and splenic LECT 2 amyloidosis: A recently recognized cause of renal and systemic amyloidosis. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2021; 31:508-514. [PMID: 32394925 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.284027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis has traditionally been of a few defined varieties, most commonly including light-chain amyloidosis (AL amyloidosis) and secondary amyloidosis due to chronic inflammation (AA amyloidosis). Apolipoprotein A-I/A-II cystatin C, gelsolin, lysozyme, fibrinogen alpha chain, beta 2 microglobulin, and transthyretin familial amyloidosis represent rarer but reported varieties. Ten years ago, the first reports linked leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 (LECT2) amyloidosis as a pathological agent identified as a novel class of amyloid-generating protein. Epidemiology suggested that this was a new cause of amyloidosis that is especially common in Hispanic patients and somewhat common among patients from the Middle East-North Africa (MENA) region. We report a case of splenic and renal LECT 2 amyloidosis in a 62-year- old Hispanic male with diabetes mellitus. After an unremarkable serological workup, LECT 2 amyloidosis was diagnosed on renal biopsy. The case presentation is reviewed as a typical presentation, and the literature is reviewed regarding this newly reported entity, resulting in infiltrative renal amyloidosis and chronic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shye
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Sisk
- Department of Pathology, Division of Renal Pathology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carl Schulze
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marina Barsoum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mira Mikhail
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farid Arman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anjay Rastogi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramy M Hanna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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25
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Muchtar E, Dispenzieri A, Magen H, Grogan M, Mauermann M, McPhail ED, Kurtin PJ, Leung N, Buadi FK, Dingli D, Kumar SK, Gertz MA. Systemic amyloidosis from A (AA) to T (ATTR): a review. J Intern Med 2021; 289:268-292. [PMID: 32929754 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Systemic amyloidosis is a rare protein misfolding and deposition disorder leading to progressive organ failure. There are over 15 types of systemic amyloidosis, each caused by a different precursor protein which promotes amyloid formation and tissue deposition. Amyloidosis can be acquired or hereditary and can affect various organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, nerves, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, muscles, skin and soft tissues. Symptoms are usually insidious and nonspecific resulting in diagnostic delay. The field of amyloidosis has seen significant improvements over the past decade in diagnostic accuracy, prognosis prediction and management. The advent of mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics has revolutionized amyloid typing and has led to the discovery of new amyloid types. Accurate typing of the precursor protein is of paramount importance as the type dictates a specific management approach. In this article, we review each type of systemic amyloidosis to provide the practitioner with practical tools to improve diagnosis and management of these rare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Muchtar
- From the, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Dispenzieri
- From the, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - H Magen
- Hematology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - M Grogan
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Mauermann
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - E D McPhail
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - P J Kurtin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N Leung
- From the, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - F K Buadi
- From the, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D Dingli
- From the, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S K Kumar
- From the, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M A Gertz
- From the, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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26
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Ha JH, Tu HC, Wilkens S, Loh SN. Loss of bound zinc facilitates amyloid fibril formation of leukocyte-cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2). J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100446. [PMID: 33617884 PMCID: PMC8039541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the circulating protein leukocyte-cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) causes amyloidosis of LECT2 (ALECT2), one of the most prevalent forms of systemic amyloidosis affecting the kidney and liver. The I40V mutation is thought to be necessary but not sufficient for ALECT2, with a second, as-yet undetermined condition being required for the disease. EM, X-ray diffraction, NMR, and fluorescence experiments demonstrate that LECT2 forms amyloid fibrils in vitro in the absence of other proteins. Removal of LECT2's single bound Zn2+ appears to be obligatory for fibril formation. Zinc-binding affinity is strongly dependent on pH: 9-13 % of LECT2 is calculated to exist in the zinc-free state over the normal pH range of blood, with this fraction rising to 80 % at pH 6.5. The I40V mutation does not alter zinc-binding affinity or kinetics but destabilizes the zinc-free conformation. These results suggest a mechanism in which loss of zinc together with the I40V mutation leads to ALECT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung-Hoi Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephan Wilkens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Stewart N Loh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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27
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Jensen-Cody SO, Potthoff MJ. Hepatokines and metabolism: Deciphering communication from the liver. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101138. [PMID: 33285302 PMCID: PMC7788242 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The liver is a key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis and can sense and respond to nutrient excess and deficiency through crosstalk with multiple tissues. Regulation of systemic energy homeostasis by the liver is mediated in part through regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of either process may result in metabolic dysfunction and contribute to the development of insulin resistance or fatty liver disease. Scope of review The liver has recently been recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes hepatokines, which are liver-derived factors that can signal to and communicate with distant tissues. Dysregulation of liver-centered inter-organ pathways may contribute to improper regulation of energy homeostasis and ultimately metabolic dysfunction. Deciphering the mechanisms that regulate hepatokine expression and communication with distant tissues is essential for understanding inter-organ communication and for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic dysfunction. Major conclusions In this review, we discuss liver-centric regulation of energy homeostasis through hepatokine secretion. We highlight key hepatokines and their roles in metabolic control, examine the molecular mechanisms of each hepatokine, and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for metabolic disease. We also discuss important areas of future studies that may contribute to understanding hepatokine signaling under healthy and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon O Jensen-Cody
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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28
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Shen Y, Cao M, Tang S, Zhao Y, Zhao J, Chen X, Bi Y. Genomic and functional characterization of the lect2 gene from Siniperca chuatsi. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:146-155. [PMID: 32991992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is an important economic fish in China. Viral and bacterial diseases seriously affect the artificial culture of S. chuatsi. As a carnivorous fish, artificial feed domestication is also an important means to improve the scale of S. chuatsi culture. Therefore, the study of immunology and digestive physiology is very important to the industrial development of S. chuatsi. In this work, we analyzed the expression and function of the S. chuatsi leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (Sc-lect2) gene on a basis of next generation, single-molecule long-read sequencing. Sc-lect2 was mainly expressed in the liver but barely expressed in the gill, skin, muscle, kidney, head kidney, brain, stomach, and intestine. When the fish were infected with infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus and challenged with lipopolysaccharide and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, Sc-lect2 expression significantly increased by about 40, 17, and 7-fold, respectively, compared with unstimulated samples. We also found that Sc-lect2 increases by approximately 8-fold after the fish are fed an artificial diet. These results show that mandarin fish liver can not only digest food but also express specific immune genes. Changes in the diet can cause the differential expression of Sc-lect2 genes. Four Sc-lect2 interaction genes were differentially expressed in the skin or blood. Interestingly, miR-145-3p could inhibit Sc-lect2 gene expression by targeting its coding sequence region. One CpG island in the promoter region showed a high level of methylation, suggesting that high methylation does not affect Sc-lect2 gene expression in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ming Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Fishery Germplasm Conservation Center, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Shoujie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jinliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Xiaowu Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Yanhui Bi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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29
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Willis SA, Sargeant JA, Yates T, Takamura T, Takayama H, Gupta V, Brittain E, Crawford J, Parry SA, Thackray AE, Varela-Mato V, Stensel DJ, Woods RM, Hulston CJ, Aithal GP, King JA. Acute Hyperenergetic, High-Fat Feeding Increases Circulating FGF21, LECT2, and Fetuin-A in Healthy Men. J Nutr 2020; 150:1076-1085. [PMID: 31919514 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatokines such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), fetuin-A, fetuin-B, and selenoprotein P (SeP) are liver-derived proteins that are modulated by chronic energy status and metabolic disease. Emerging data from rodent and cell models indicate that hepatokines may be sensitive to acute nutritional manipulation; however, data in humans are lacking. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the influence of hyperenergetic, high-fat feeding on circulating hepatokine concentrations, including the time course of responses. METHODS In a randomized, crossover design, 12 healthy men [mean ± SD: age, 24 ± 4 y; BMI (kg/m2), 24.1 ± 1.5] consumed a 7-d hyperenergetic, high-fat diet [HE-HFD; +50% energy, 65% total energy as fat (32% saturated, 26% monounsaturated, 8% polyunsaturated)] and control diet (36% total energy as fat), separated by 3 wk. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was assessed before and after each diet using oral-glucose-tolerance tests. Fasting plasma concentrations of FGF21 (primary outcome), LECT2, fetuin-A, fetuin-B, SeP, and related metabolites were measured after 1, 3, and 7 d of each diet. Hepatokine responses were analyzed using 2-factor repeated-measures ANOVA and subsequent pairwise comparisons. RESULTS Compared with the control, the HE-HFD increased circulating FGF21 at 1 d (105%) and 3 d (121%; P ≤ 0.040), LECT2 at 3 d (17%) and 7 d (32%; P ≤ 0.004), and fetuin-A at 7 d (7%; P = 0.028). Plasma fetuin-B and SeP did not respond to the HE-HFD. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was reduced after the HE-HFD by 31% (P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Acute high-fat overfeeding augments circulating concentrations of FGF21, LECT2, and fetuin-A in healthy men. Notably, the time course of response varies between proteins and is transient for FGF21. These findings provide further insight into the nutritional regulation of hepatokines in humans and their interaction with metabolic homeostasis. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03369145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Willis
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research(NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jack A Sargeant
- National Institute for Health Research(NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Yates
- National Institute for Health Research(NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Disease Control and Homeostasis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Vinay Gupta
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Brittain
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Crawford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Siôn A Parry
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alice E Thackray
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research(NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Varela-Mato
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - David J Stensel
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research(NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M Woods
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research(NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Carl J Hulston
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research(NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Guruprasad P Aithal
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James A King
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research(NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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30
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Delving into the amyloidogenic core of human leukocyte chemotactic factor 2. J Struct Biol 2019; 207:260-269. [PMID: 31170474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ALECT2 (leukocyte chemotactic factor 2) amyloidosis is one of the most recently identified amyloid-related diseases, with LECT2 amyloids commonly found in different types of tissues. Under physiological conditions, LECT2 is a 16 kDa multifunctional protein produced by the hepatocytes and secreted into circulation. The pathological mechanisms causing LECT2 transition into the amyloid state are still largely unknown. In the case of ALECT2 patients, there is no disease-causing mutation, yet almost all patients carry a common polymorphism that appears to be necessary but not sufficient to directly trigger amyloidogenesis. In this work, we followed a reductionist methodology in order to detect critical amyloidogenic "hot-spots" during the fibrillation of LECT2. By associating experimental and computational assays, this approach reveals the explicit amyloidogenic core of human LECT2 and pinpoints regions with distinct amyloidogenic properties. The fibrillar architecture of LECT2 polymers, based on our results, provides a wealth of detailed information about the amyloidogenic "hot-spot" interactions and represents a starting point for future peptide-driven intervention in ALECT2 amyloidosis.
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31
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He WM, Dai T, Chen J, Wang JA. Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 inhibits development of atherosclerosis in mice. Zool Res 2019; 40:317-323. [PMID: 31310065 PMCID: PMC6680125 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), a multifunctional hepatokine, is involved in many pathological conditions. However, its role in atherosclerosis remains undefined. In this study, we administered vehicle or LECT2 to male Apoe-/- mice fed a Western diet for 15 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions were visualized and quantified with Oil-red O and hematoxylin staining. The mRNA expression levels of MCP-1, MMP-1, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, MCP-1, and MMP-1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CD68, CD31, and α-SMA, markers of macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, respectively, were detected by immunostaining. Results showed that LECT2 reduced total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein concentrations in serum and inhibited the development of atherosclerotic lesions, accompanied by reductions in inflammatory cytokines and lower MCP-1, MMP-1, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β mRNA abundance. Furthermore, LECT2 decreased CD68, but increased α-SMA in atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting an increase in smooth muscle cells and reduction in macrophages. In summary, LECT2 inhibited the development of atherosclerosis in mice, accompanied by reduced serum total cholesterol concentration and lower inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming He
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310009, China.,Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Ting Dai
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Jian-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou Zhejiang 310009, China
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Sundararajan L, Stern J, Miller DM. Mechanisms that regulate morphogenesis of a highly branched neuron in C. elegans. Dev Biol 2019; 451:53-67. [PMID: 31004567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The shape of an individual neuron is linked to its function with axons sending signals to other cells and dendrites receiving them. Although much is known of the mechanisms for axonal outgrowth, the striking complexity of dendritic architecture has hindered efforts to uncover pathways that direct dendritic branching. Here we review the results of an experimental strategy that exploits the power of genetic analysis and live cell imaging of the PVD sensory neuron in C. elegans to reveal key molecular drivers of dendrite morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Sundararajan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Jamie Stern
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - David M Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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