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Li J, de Melo Jorge DM, Wang W, Sun S, Frum T, Hang YA, Liu Y, Zhou X, Xiao J, Wang X, Spence JR, Wobus CE, Zhu HJ. Differential Bioactivation Profiles of Different GS-441524 Prodrugs in Cell and Mouse Models: ProTide Prodrugs with High Cell Permeability and Susceptibility to Cathepsin A Are More Efficient in Delivering Antiviral Active Metabolites to the Lung. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7470-7486. [PMID: 38690769 PMCID: PMC11246197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
We assessed factors that determine the tissue-specific bioactivation of ProTide prodrugs by comparing the disposition and activation of remdesivir (RDV), its methylpropyl and isopropyl ester analogues (MeRDV and IsoRDV, respectively), the oral prodrug GS-621763, and the parent nucleotide GS-441524 (Nuc). RDV and MeRDV yielded more active metabolite remdesivir-triphosphate (RDV-TP) than IsoRDV, GS-621763, and Nuc in human lung cell models due to superior cell permeability and higher susceptivity to cathepsin A. Intravenous administration to mice showed that RDV and MeRDV delivered significantly more RDV-TP to the lung than other compounds. Nevertheless, all four ester prodrugs exhibited very low oral bioavailability (<2%), with Nuc being the predominant metabolite in blood. In conclusion, ProTides prodrugs, such as RDV and MeRDV, are more efficient in delivering active metabolites to the lung than Nuc, driven by high cell permeability and susceptivity to cathepsin A. Optimizing ProTides' ester structures is an effective strategy for enhancing prodrug activation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Daniel Macedo de Melo Jorge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Shuxin Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yu-An Hang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yueting Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xingwu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jingcheng Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Pharmacy, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Christiane E. Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Hao-Jie Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Santaniello G, Nebbioso A, Altucci L, Conte M. Recent Advancement in Anticancer Compounds from Marine Organisms: Approval, Use and Bioinformatic Approaches to Predict New Targets. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010024. [PMID: 36662197 PMCID: PMC9862894 DOI: 10.3390/md21010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the study of anticancer bioactive compounds from marine sources has received wide interest. Contextually, world regulatory authorities have approved several marine molecules, and new synthetic derivatives have also been synthesized and structurally improved for the treatment of numerous forms of cancer. However, the administration of drugs in cancer patients requires careful evaluation since their interaction with individual biological macromolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, determines variable downstream effects. This is reflected in a constant search for personalized therapies that lay the foundations of modern medicine. The new knowledge acquired on cancer mechanisms has certainly allowed advancements in tumor prevention, but unfortunately, due to the huge complexity and heterogeneity of cancer, we are still looking for a definitive therapy and clinical approaches. In this review, we discuss the significance of recently approved molecules originating from the marine environment, starting from their organism of origin to their structure and mechanism of action. Subsequently, these bio-compounds are used as models to illustrate possible bioinformatics approaches for the search of new targets that are useful for improving the knowledge on anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Santaniello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
- IEOS, Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, CNR, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (M.C.); Tel.: +39-081-5667564 (M.C.)
| | - Mariarosaria Conte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Vico L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.A.); (M.C.); Tel.: +39-081-5667564 (M.C.)
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