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Slominski RM, Kim TK, Janjetovic Z, Brożyna AA, Podgorska E, Dixon KM, Mason RS, Tuckey RC, Sharma R, Crossman DK, Elmets C, Raman C, Jetten AM, Indra AK, Slominski AT. Malignant Melanoma: An Overview, New Perspectives, and Vitamin D Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2262. [PMID: 38927967 PMCID: PMC11201527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, originating through malignant transformation of melanin-producing melanocytes, is a formidable malignancy, characterized by local invasiveness, recurrence, early metastasis, resistance to therapy, and a high mortality rate. This review discusses etiologic and risk factors for melanoma, diagnostic and prognostic tools, including recent advances in molecular biology, omics, and bioinformatics, and provides an overview of its therapy. Since the incidence of melanoma is rising and mortality remains unacceptably high, we discuss its inherent properties, including melanogenesis, that make this disease resilient to treatment and propose to use AI to solve the above complex and multidimensional problems. We provide an overview on vitamin D and its anticancerogenic properties, and report recent advances in this field that can provide solutions for the prevention and/or therapy of melanoma. Experimental papers and clinicopathological studies on the role of vitamin D status and signaling pathways initiated by its active metabolites in melanoma prognosis and therapy are reviewed. We conclude that vitamin D signaling, defined by specific nuclear receptors and selective activation by specific vitamin D hydroxyderivatives, can provide a benefit for new or existing therapeutic approaches. We propose to target vitamin D signaling with the use of computational biology and AI tools to provide a solution to the melanoma problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir M. Slominski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Z.J.); (E.P.); (C.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Z.J.); (E.P.); (C.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Anna A. Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Ewa Podgorska
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Z.J.); (E.P.); (C.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Katie M. Dixon
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (K.M.D.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Rebecca S. Mason
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (K.M.D.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Robert C. Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Z.J.); (E.P.); (C.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Z.J.); (E.P.); (C.E.); (C.R.)
| | - Anton M. Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, NIEHS—National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Arup K. Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (T.-K.K.); (Z.J.); (E.P.); (C.E.); (C.R.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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2
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Szallasi A. "ThermoTRP" Channel Expression in Cancers: Implications for Diagnosis and Prognosis (Practical Approach by a Pathologist). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9098. [PMID: 37240443 PMCID: PMC10219044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels (so-called "thermoTRPs") are multifunctional signaling molecules with important roles in cell growth and differentiation. Several "thermoTRP" channels show altered expression in cancers, though it is unclear if this is a cause or consequence of the disease. Regardless of the underlying pathology, this altered expression may potentially be used for cancer diagnosis and prognostication. "ThermoTRP" expression may distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. For example, TRPV1 is expressed in benign gastric mucosa, but is absent in gastric adenocarcinoma. TRPV1 is also expressed both in normal urothelia and non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, but no TRPV1 expression has been seen in invasive urothelial carcinoma. "ThermoTRP" expression can also be used to predict clinical outcomes. For instance, in prostate cancer, TRPM8 expression predicts aggressive behavior with early metastatic disease. Furthermore, TRPV1 expression can dissect a subset of pulmonary adenocarcinoma patients with bad prognosis and resistance to a number of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. This review will explore the current state of this rapidly evolving field with special emphasis on immunostains that can already be added to the armoire of diagnostic pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpad Szallasi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Wang K, Xu HN, Wang YW, Mao J, Liu D, Zhu XJ, Cong YS, Wang M. Ufl1 deficiency causes skin pigmentation by up-regulation of Endothelin-1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:961675. [PMID: 36120581 PMCID: PMC9478483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.961675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ufmylation (UFM1 modification) is a newly identified ubiquitin-like modification system involved in numerous cellular processes. However, the regulatory mechanisms and biological functions of this modification remain mostly unknown. We have recently reported that Ufmylation family genes have frequent somatic copy number alterations in human cancer including melanoma, suggesting involvement of Ufmylation in skin function and disease. UFL1 is the only known Ufmylation E3-like ligase. In this study, we generated the skin-specific Ufl1 knockout mice and show that ablation of Ufl1 caused epidermal thickening, pigmentation and shortened life span. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that Ufl1 deletion resulted in upregulation of the genes involved in melanin biosynthesis. Mechanistically, we found that Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a novel substrate of Ufmylation and this modification regulates ET-1 stability, and thereby deletion of Ufl1 upregulates the expression and secretion of ET-1, which in turn results in up-regulation of genes in melanin biosynthesis and skin pigmentation. Our findings establish the role of Ufl1 in skin pigmentation through Ufmylation modification of ET-1 and provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu-Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Mao
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Sheng Cong, ; Miao Wang,
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-Sheng Cong, ; Miao Wang,
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De Martino E, Brunetti D, Canzonieri V, Conforti C, Eisendle K, Mazzoleni G, Nobile C, Rao F, Zschocke J, Jukic E, Jaschke W, Weinlich G, Zelger B, Schmuth M, Stanta G, Zanconati F, Zalaudek I, Bonin S. The Association of Residential Altitude on the Molecular Profile and Survival of Melanoma: Results of an Interreg Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2796. [PMID: 33003444 PMCID: PMC7599639 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) incidence is rising worldwide and is the primary cause of death from skin disease in the Western world. Personal risk factors linked to environmental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) are well-known etiological factors contributing to its development. Nevertheless, UVR can contribute to the development of CM in different patterns and to varying degrees. The present study aimed at investigating whether altitude of residence can contribute to the development of specific types of CM and/or influence its progression. To this aim, 306 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from primary CM diagnosed in different geographical areas were submitted to B-RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) and N-RAS proto-oncogene GTPase (NRAS) mutational status detection and mRNA and miRNA profiling by qPCR. Genes were chosen for their functions in specific processes, such as immune response (CD2, PDL1, or CD274) and pigmentation (MITF, TYRP1, and TRPM1). Furthermore, four microRNAs, namely miR-150-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-204-5p, and miR-211-5p, were included in the profiling. Our results highlight differences in the gene expression profile of primary CM with respect to the geographical area and the altitude of residence. Melanoma-specific survival was influenced by the gene expression of mRNA and miRNAs and varied with the altitude of patients' residence. In detail, TYRP1 and miR-204-5p were highly expressed in patients living at higher altitudes, unlike miR-150-5p, miR-155-5p, and miR-211-5p. Since miRNAs are highly regulated by reactive oxygen species, it is possible that different regulatory mechanisms characterize CMs at different altitudes due to the different environment and UVR intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora De Martino
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
| | - Davide Brunetti
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Claudio Conforti
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- ASU GI-Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Klaus Eisendle
- Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto Adige, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (K.E.); (G.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Guido Mazzoleni
- Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto Adige, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (K.E.); (G.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Carla Nobile
- Azienda Sanitaria dell’Alto Adige, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (K.E.); (G.M.); (C.N.)
| | - Federica Rao
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS CRO Aviano-National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.Z.); (E.J.)
| | - Emina Jukic
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.Z.); (E.J.)
| | - Wolfram Jaschke
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Georg Weinlich
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Bernhard Zelger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (W.J.); (G.W.); (B.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Giorgio Stanta
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- ASU GI-Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
- ASU GI-Azienda sanitaria universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Bonin
- DSM-Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (E.D.M.); (D.B.); (V.C.); (C.C.); (G.S.); (F.Z.); (I.Z.)
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TRPM8 facilitates proliferation and immune evasion of esophageal cancer cells. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:BSR20191878. [PMID: 31519770 PMCID: PMC6822499 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is seen with increasing incidence, but the underlying mechanism of esophageal cancer is still unknown. Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) is non-selective cation channels. It has been verified that TRPM channels play crucial roles in development and progression of multiple tumors. Increasing studies have shown that TRPM8, a member of TRPM channels, promotes growth of tumors. However, it is still unclear whether TRPM8 has biological effect on esophageal cancer. In the current work, we found that TRPM8 was overexpressed in esophageal cancer samples and cell lines. Further investigation revealed that TRPM8 promoted proliferation of esophageal cancer cells. Next, the co-incubation assay including EC109 cells and CD8+ T cells revealed that TRPM8 overexpression and TRPM8 agonist reduced the cytotoxic effect of CD8+ T cell on esophageal cancer cells. Finally, we explored the mechanism and found that calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 (NFATc3) pathway contributed to the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) induced by TRPM8 overexpression and TRPM8 agonist, which might lead to immune evasion of esophageal cancer cells. These findings uncovered the crucial role of TRPM8 in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer.
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Arora C, Kaur D, Lathwal A, Raghava GP. Risk prediction in cutaneous melanoma patients from their clinico-pathological features: superiority of clinical data over gene expression data. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04811. [PMID: 32913910 PMCID: PMC7472860 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk assessment in cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients is one of the major challenges in the effective treatment of CM patients. Traditionally, clinico-pathological features such as Breslow thickness, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor staging, etc. are utilized for this purpose. However, due to advancements in technology, most of the upcoming risk prediction methods are gene-expression profile (GEP) based. In this study, we have tried to develop new GEP and clinico-pathological features-based biomarkers and assessed their prognostic strength in contrast to existing prognostic methods. We developed risk prediction models using the expression of the genes associated with different cancer-related pathways and got a maximum hazard ratio (HR) of 2.52 with p-value ~10-8 for the apoptotic pathway. Another model, based on combination of apoptotic and notch pathway genes boosted the HR to 2.57. Next, we developed models based on individual clinical features and got a maximum HR of 2.45 with p-value ~10-6 for Breslow thickness. We also developed models using the best features of clinical as well as gene-expression data and obtained a maximum HR of 3.19 with p-value ~10-9. Finally, we developed a new ensemble method using clinical variables only and got a maximum HR of 6.40 with p-value ~10-15. Based on this method, a web-based service and an android application named 'CMcrpred' is available at (https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/cmcrpred/) and Google Play Store respectively to facilitate scientific community. This study reveals that our new ensemble method based on only clinico-pathological features overperforms methods based on GEP based profiles as well as currently used AJCC staging. It also highlights the need to explore the full potential of clinical variables for prognostication of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakit Arora
- Department of Computational Biology, IIIT- Delhi, New-Delhi, India
| | - Dilraj Kaur
- Department of Computational Biology, IIIT- Delhi, New-Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Lathwal
- Department of Computational Biology, IIIT- Delhi, New-Delhi, India
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Kuźbicki Ł, Brożyna AA. Immunohistochemical detectability of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in cells of human melanocytic skin lesions: A methodological review. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:363-380. [PMID: 31675116 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is thought to support tumorigenesis through various mechanisms and is analyzed as a potential cancer marker. In 18 studies, COX-2 expression in melanocytic lesions of human skin was examined immunohistochemically. However, results obtained by individual research groups differ in terms of detection frequency and level of this protein, as well as localization of stained cells within tumor. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are analyzed in this review: the application of different antibodies, the use of standard histopathological sections or tissue microarrays and the analyzes of staining results based on different algorithms. COX-2 level is significantly lower in nevi than in melanomas, increases gradually with progression of these malignant cancers and reaches the highest values in metastases. These gradual changes in COX-2 expression appear to be difficult to analyze based only on subjective assessment of staining intensity. The most convergent data were obtained using antibodies for N-terminal fragments of COX-2 protein and analyzing results based on calculation of percentage fraction of positive cells. The extent of stained area in specimen thus appears to be more important than the intensity of staining in terms of evaluation of COX-2 performance as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźbicki
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
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Wong KK, Banham AH, Yaacob NS, Nur Husna SM. The oncogenic roles of TRPM ion channels in cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14556-14573. [PMID: 30710353 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a diverse family of ion channels present in multiple types of tissues. They function as gatekeepers for responses to sensory stimuli including temperature, vision, taste, and pain through their activities in conducting ion fluxes. The TRPM (melastatin) subfamily consists of eight members (i.e., TRPM1-8), which collectively regulate fluxes of various types of cations such as K+ , Na+ , Ca2+ , and Mg2+ . Growing evidence in the past two decades indicates that TRPM ion channels, their isoforms, or long noncoding RNAs encoded within the locus may be oncogenes involved in the regulation of cancer cell growth, proliferation, autophagy, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and their significant association with poor clinical outcomes of cancer patients. In this review, we describe and discuss recent findings implicating TRPM channels in different malignancies, their functions, mechanisms, and signaling pathways involved in cancers, as well as summarizing their normal physiological functions and the availability of ion channel pharmacological inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Keng Wong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alison H Banham
- Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nik Soriani Yaacob
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Muhamad Nur Husna
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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9
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Duvoisin RM, Ren G, Haley TL, Taylor MH, Morgans CW. TRPM1 Autoantibodies in Melanoma Patients Without Self-Reported Visual Symptoms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2330-2335. [PMID: 31117125 PMCID: PMC6532695 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Melanoma-associated retinopathy (MAR) is a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Visual symptoms include night blindness, photopsia, and reduced-contrast sensitivity. An abnormal ERG b-wave and the presence of anti-bipolar cell autoantibodies, including autoantibodies reacting with the ON-bipolar cell TRPM1 channel, help to confirm the diagnosis. The goal of this study was to determine if CMM patients without visual symptoms also express anti-TRPM1 autoantibodies. Methods Serum samples from 15 CMM patients were tested using three assays: immunofluorescent labeling of TRPM1-transfected HEK cells, immunofluorescent labeling of retinal sections from wild-type and TRPM1 knockout mice, and immunoblot detection of a bacterially produced recombinant TRPM1 peptide. Results Serum specimens from 5 of the 15 CMM patients without declared visual symptoms were positive for anti-TRPM1 autoantibodies in at least one of the three assays. One of 50 control sera from patients not known to have cancer was also weakly reactive with the TRPM1 peptide. Conclusions Autoantibodies against TRPM1 are present in CMM patient sera without self-reported visual symptoms. Most patients had advanced (stage III and IV) disease and were undergoing aggressive treatments, including immunotherapy. It is unknown if immunotherapy affects the expression of TRPM1 autoantibodies. The presence of TRPM1 autoantibodies may predispose patients for MAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Duvoisin
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Gaoying Ren
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Tammie L. Haley
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Matthew H. Taylor
- Hematology and Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Catherine W. Morgans
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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10
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Giannuzzi D, Marconato L, Elgendy R, Ferraresso S, Scarselli E, Fariselli P, Nicosia A, Pegolo S, Leoni G, Laganga P, Leone VF, Giantin M, Troise F, Dacasto M, Aresu L. Longitudinal transcriptomic and genetic landscape of radiotherapy response in canine melanoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:308-316. [PMID: 30805995 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Canine malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive tumour with a low survival rate and represents an ideal spontaneous model for the human counterpart. Considerable progress has been recently obtained, but the therapeutic success for canine melanoma is still challenging. Little is known about the mechanisms beyond pathogenesis and melanoma development, and the molecular response to radiotherapy has never been explored before. A faster and deeper understanding of cancer mutational processes and developing mechanisms are now possible through next generation sequencing technologies. In this study, we matched whole exome and transcriptome sequencing in four dogs affected by MM at diagnosis and at disease progression to identify possible genetic mechanisms associated with therapy failure. According to previous studies, a genetic similarity between canine MM and its human counterpart was observed. Several somatic mutations were functionally related to MAPK, PI3K/AKT and p53 signalling pathways, but located in genes other than BRAF, RAS and KIT. At disease progression, several mutations were related to therapy effects. Natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity and several immune-system-related pathways resulted activated opening a new scenario on the microenvironment in this tumour. In conclusion, this study suggests a potential role of the immune system associated to radiotherapy in canine melanoma, but a larger sample size associated with functional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ramy Elgendy
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Piero Fariselli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Alfredo Nicosia
- Nouscom AG, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a.r.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Pegolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Paola Laganga
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vito F Leone
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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11
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Hyams DM, Cook RW, Buzaid AC. Identification of risk in cutaneous melanoma patients: Prognostic and predictive markers. J Surg Oncol 2019; 119:175-186. [PMID: 30548543 PMCID: PMC6590387 DOI: 10.1002/jso.25319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic modalities for melanoma promise benefit in selected individuals. Efficacy appears greater in patients with lower tumor burden, suggesting an important role for risk-stratified surveillance. Robust predictive markers might permit optimization of agent to patient, while low-risk prognostic markers might guide more conservative management. This review evaluates protein, gene, and multiplexed marker panels that may contribute to better risk assessment and improved management of patients with cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Hyams
- Desert Surgical Oncology, Eisenhower Medical CenterRancho MirageCalifornia
| | - Robert W. Cook
- R&D and Medical Affairs, Castle Biosciences, IncFriendswoodTexas
| | - Antonio C. Buzaid
- Oncology Center, Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinSão PauloBrazil
- Centro Oncológico Antonio Ermírio de Moraes, Beneficência Portuguesa de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
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12
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Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels are evolutionarily conserved integral membrane proteins. The mammalian TRP superfamily of ion channels consists of 28 cation permeable channels that are grouped into six subfamilies based on sequence homology (Fig. 6.1). The canonical TRP (TRPC) subfamily is known for containing the founding member of mammalian TRP channels. The vanilloid TRP (TRPV) subfamily has been extensively studied due to the heat sensitivity of its founding member. The melastatin-related TRP (TRPM) subfamily includes some of the few known bi-functional ion channels, which contain functional enzymatic domains. The ankyrin TRP (TRPA) subfamily consists of a single chemo-nociceptor that has been proposed to be a target for analgesics. The mucolipin TRP (TRPML) subfamily channels are found primarily in intracellular compartments and were discovered based on their critical role in type IV mucolipidosis (ML-IV). The polycystic TRP (TRPP) subfamily is a diverse group of proteins implicated in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Overall, this superfamily of channels is involved in a vast array of physiological and pathophysiological processes making the study of these channels imperative to our understanding of subcellular biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Samanta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Taylor E T Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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13
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Maeda T, Suzuki A, Koga K, Miyamoto C, Maehata Y, Ozawa S, Hata RI, Nagashima Y, Nabeshima K, Miyazaki K, Kato Y. TRPM5 mediates acidic extracellular pH signaling and TRPM5 inhibition reduces spontaneous metastasis in mouse B16-BL6 melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78312-78326. [PMID: 29108231 PMCID: PMC5667964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular acidity is a hallmark of solid tumors and is associated with metastasis in the tumor microenvironment. Acidic extracellular pH (pH e ) has been found to increase intracellular Ca2+ and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression by activating NF-κB in the mouse B16 melanoma model. The present study assessed whether TRPM5, an intracellular Ca2+-dependent monovalent cation channel, is associated with acidic pH e signaling and induction of MMP-9 expression in this mouse melanoma model. Treatment of B16 cells with Trpm5 siRNA reduced acidic pH e -induced MMP-9 expression. Enforced expression of Trpm5 increased the rate of acidic pH e -induced MMP-9 expression, as well as increasing experimental lung metastasis. This genetic manipulation did not alter the pH e critical for MMP-9 induction but simply amplified the percentage of inducible MMP-9 at each pH e . Treatment of tumor bearing mice with triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO), an inhibitor of TRPM5, significantly reduced spontaneous lung metastasis. In silico analysis of clinical samples showed that high TRPM5 mRNA expression correlated with poor overall survival rate in patients with melanoma and gastric cancer but not in patients with cancers of the ovary, lung, breast, and rectum. These results showed that TRPM5 amplifies acidic pH e signaling and may be a promising target for preventing metastasis of some types of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyonobu Maeda
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Atsuko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine and Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Yojiro Maehata
- Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ozawa
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hata
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
- Oral Health Science Research Center, Kanagawa Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nabeshima
- Department of Pathology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine and Hospital, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kaoru Miyazaki
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kato
- Department of Oral Function and Molecular Biology, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
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14
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Tudor D, Nenu I, Filip GA, Olteanu D, Cenariu M, Tabaran F, Ion RM, Gligor L, Baldea I. Combined regimen of photodynamic therapy mediated by Gallium phthalocyanine chloride and Metformin enhances anti-melanoma efficacy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173241. [PMID: 28278159 PMCID: PMC5344368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma therapy is challenging, especially in advanced cases, due to multiple developed tumor defense mechanisms. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) might represent an adjuvant treatment, because of its bimodal action: tumor destruction and immune system awakening. In this study, a combination of PDT mediated by a metal substituted phthalocyanine-Gallium phthalocyanine chloride (GaPc) and Metformin was used against melanoma. The study aimed to: (1) find the anti-melanoma efficacy of GaPc-PDT, (2) assess possible beneficial effects of Metformin addition to PDT, (3) uncover some of the mechanisms underlining cell killing and anti-angiogenic effects. METHODS Two human lightly pigmented melanoma cell lines: WM35 and M1/15 subjected to previous Metformin exposure were treated by GaPc-PDT. Cell viability, death mechanism, cytoskeleton alterations, oxidative damage, were assessed by means of colorimetry, flowcytometry, confocal microscopy, spectrophotometry, ELISA, Western Blotting. RESULTS GaPc proved an efficient photosensitizer. Metformin addition enhanced cell killing by mechanisms dependent on the cell line, namely apoptosis in the metastatic M1/15 and necrosis in the radial growth phase, WM35. Cell death mechanism relied on the inhibition of nuclear transcription factor (NF)-κB activation and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) sensitization, leading to TRAIL and TNF-α induced apoptosis. Metformin diminished the anti-angiogenic effect of PDT. CONCLUSIONS Metformin addition to GaPc-PDT increased tumor cell killing through enhanced oxidative damage and induction of proapoptotic mechanisms, but altered PDT anti-angiogenic effects. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Combination of Metformin and PDT might represent a solution to enhance the efficacy, leading to a potential adjuvant role of PDT in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tudor
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iuliana Nenu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Diana Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Cenariu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flaviu Tabaran
- Department of Pathology University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Mariana Ion
- Nanomedicine Research Group, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Gligor
- OSRAM Opto Semiconductors, OSRAM Romania, Global City Business Park, Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Ioana Baldea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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