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Kowalski M, Wilkinson C, Livingston M, Ritter A. Piloting a classification framework for the types of evidence used in alcohol policymaking. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:652-663. [PMID: 36698279 PMCID: PMC11240880 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most studies of alcohol policy have focussed on the role of industry. However, little is known about the evidence base used in alcohol policymaking or policymakers' actions in the field. Here, we mapped the different evidence types used in a case study to construct a classification framework of the evidence types used in alcohol policymaking. METHODS Using a case study from the state-level in Australia, we used content analysis to delineate the evidence types cited across six phases of a policymaking process. We then grouped these types into a higher-level classification framework. We used descriptive statistics to study how the different evidence types were used in the policymaking process. RESULTS Thirty-one evidence types were identified in the case study, across four classes of knowledge: person knowledge, shared knowledge, studied knowledge and practice knowledge. The participating public preferenced studied knowledge. Policymakers preferenced practice knowledge over all other types of knowledge. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The classification framework expands on models of evidence and knowledge used across public health, by mapping new evidence types and proposing an inductive method of classification. The policymakers' preferences found here are in line with theories regarding the alcohol industry's influence on policymaking. The classification framework piloted here can provide a useful tool to examine the evidence base used in decision-making. Further study of evidence types used in policymaking processes can help inform research translation and advocacy efforts to produce healthier alcohol policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Kowalski
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire Wilkinson
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute and enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Alison Ritter
- Drug Policy Modelling Program, Social Policy Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Hartney E. The Shadow Pandemic of Alcohol Use during COVID-19: A Canadian Health Leadership Imperative. Healthc Policy 2021; 16:17-24. [PMID: 34129475 PMCID: PMC8200837 DOI: 10.12927/hcpol.2021.26502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased alcohol consumption among Canadians during the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our health systems in the short and longer term, through increased hospitalizations due to alcohol-related illness, addiction, violence and accidents. The increased stress due to involuntary unemployment, confinement and boredom during the pandemic has led to an escalation in alcohol use. It is imperative that policy makers recognize and address the inherently conflicting roles of provincial/territorial governments as regulators/retailers of alcohol and funders of healthcare and prioritize the development and implementation of an evidence-based framework to mitigate the increased population health risks of alcohol-related harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hartney
- Adjunct Professor, Royal Roads University; CEO/Director, Mind Science Consultants Inc., Victoria, BC
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Asrani SK, Mellinger J, Arab JP, Shah VS. Reducing the Global Burden of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: A Blueprint for Action. Hepatology 2021; 73:2039-2050. [PMID: 32986883 PMCID: PMC9361217 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major driver of global liver related morbidity and mortality. There are 2.4 billion drinkers (950 million heavy drinkers) and the lifetime prevalence of any alcohol use disorder (AUD) is 5.1%-8.6%. In 2017, global prevalence of alcohol-associated compensated and decompensated cirrhosis was 23.6 million and 2.5 million, respectively. Combined, alcohol-associated cirrhosis and liver cancer account for 1% of all deaths worldwide with this burden expected to increase. Solutions for this growing epidemic must be multi-faceted and focused on both population and patient-level interventions. Reductions in ALD-related morbidity and mortality require solutions that focus on early identification and intervention, reducing alcohol consumption at the population level (taxation, reduced availability and restricted promotion), and solutions tailored to local socioeconomic realities (unrecorded alcohol consumption, focused youth education). Simple screening tools and algorithms can be applied at the population level to identify alcohol misuse, diagnose ALD using non-invasive serum and imaging markers, and risk-stratify higher-risk ALD/AUD patients. Novel methods of healthcare delivery and platforms are needed (telehealth, outreach, use of non-healthcare providers, partnerships between primary and specialty care/tertiary hospitals) to proactively mitigate the global burden of ALD. An integrated approach that combines medical and AUD treatment is needed at the individual level to have the highest impact. Future needs include (1) improving quality of ALD data and standardizing care, (2) supporting innovative healthcare delivery platforms that can treat both ALD and AUD, (3) stronger and concerted advocacy by professional hepatology organizations, and (4) advancing implementation of digital interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet K Asrani
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States,Corresponding Author and reprint requests Sumeet K Asrani MD MSc, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas Texas, 2148208500
| | - Jessica Mellinger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Juan P Arab
- Depto. Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Vijay S Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Sanaati F, Geranmayeh M, Behboodi Moghadam Z, Zareiyan A, Samadaee Gelehkolaee K, Mirghafourvand M. A population-based study of health-promoting behaviors and their predictors in Iranian males, 2019. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:23. [PMID: 33632343 PMCID: PMC7905917 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) is any measure taken to maintain a person's health. The most important and influential factor in maintaining and enhancing health are health-promoting behaviors (HPB). This study aimed to determine HPB and their predictors among Iranian men. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 783 Iranian men, living in Tehran, were selected, using multistage cluster sampling. The employed questionnaires, namely the sociodemographic questionnaire, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II), and the second part of the Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ 85-Part 2), were completed through interviews. The relationship between the dependent variables (HPLP-II and its subdomains) and independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics and social support) was investigated using the adjusted General Linear Model (GLM). RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation of the total HPLP-II score was 2.72 ± 0.44 in the range of 1-4. Among the six dimensions of the HPB, the participants achieved the highest score (3.00 ± 0.52) and lowest score (1.96 ± 0.56) in spiritual growth and physical activity, respectively. The Pearson test showed that the perceived social support was significantly correlated with HPLP-II (r = 0.23; p < 0.001) and all of its subdomains (r = 0.09-0.24; p < 0.001). Based on the adjusted general linear model, social support, age, job, and income adequacy were the predictors of HPL in men and could explain 30.9% of the variance of the HPL score. CONCLUSIONS The research findings confirmed the importance of social support and modifying variables (social and personal) in the incidence of HPB in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fovziye Sanaati
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Geranmayeh
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Armin Zareiyan
- Public Health Department, Nursing Faculty, AjA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Midwifery Department, Social determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51745-347, Shariati Street, Tabriz, 513897977, Iran.
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Wang Y, Lu H, Hu M, Wu S, Chen J, Wang L, Luo T, Wu Z, Liu Y, Tang J, Chen W, Deng Q, Liao Y. Alcohol Consumption in China Before and During COVID-19: Preliminary Results From an Online Retrospective Survey. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:597826. [PMID: 33324263 PMCID: PMC7723925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.597826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcohol is an important aspect of Chinese culture, and alcohol use has been traditionally accepted in China. People with stress, anxiety, and depression may use more alcohol. More people reported symptoms of anxiety and depression during the outbreak of COVID-19. Thus, people may drink more alcohol during the outbreak of COVID-19 than before COVID-19. Methods: An online retrospective survey was conducted on a total sample of 2,229 participants. Drinking behaviors before and during COVID-19, current risky drinking and hazardous drinking, and the association between high-risk drinking and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, and stress) were assessed via self-reported measures on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21). Results: This study found that, compared with before COVID-19, alcohol consumption was slightly decreased during COVID-19 (from 3.5 drinks to 3.4 drinks, p = 0.035) in the overall sample. Most (78.7%) alcohol drinkers were males. Before and during COVID-19, males consumed more drinks per week (4.2 and 4.0 vs. 1.3 and 1.2 drinks), had a higher percentage of heavy drinking (8.1 and 7.7% vs. 4.4 and 2.7%), and more drinking days per week (2.1 and 2.1 vs. 1.0 and 0.9 days). Males also had more risky drinking (43.2 vs. 9.3%) and hazardous drinking (70.2 vs. 46.6%) than female counterparts. This study also found that high-risk drinking predicted anxiety in females. Conclusions: This study suggests a slight reduction in alcohol consumption during COVID-19. However, hazardous drinking is common, especially among male alcohol drinkers. Males consumed more alcohol, had more risky and hazardous drinking than female counterparts both before and during COVID-19. Public health policy makers should pay more attention to developing effective, population-based strategies to prevent harmful alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Heli Lu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Maorong Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiyou Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Qiannan, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yueheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jinsong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qijian Deng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhui Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Gitatui M, Kimani S, Muniu S, Okube O. Determinants of harmful use of alcohol among urban slum dwelling adults in Kenya. Afr Health Sci 2019; 19:2906-2925. [PMID: 32127866 PMCID: PMC7040319 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harmful alcohol use is a public health problem associated with negative health and socio-economic impacts. However, patterns and dynamics of alcohol use among slum-dwellers in Kenya are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To establish determinants of harmful alcohol use among adults in an urban slum setting in Kenya. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study involving a consecutively selected sample (N=215) from Githurai, in Nairobi. A pre-tested questionnaire that captured data on socio-demographics, drinking patterns, type, reasons, initiator, and support system. RESULTS Of the respondents, those above 31 years, married, separated/divorced/widowed, of high education, earning above 50 USD, and from dysfunctional families consumed more alcohol. Low earners consumed (p < 0.05) unrecorded while high earners drank (p< 0.001) recorded alcohol. Adults from families with a drinking father and sibling consumed more alcohol (p=0.001). Single, low educational attainment/earners, and those in dysfunctional families (p <0.05) drank due to stress and reported alcohol-related problems. Young, unmarried, and casual laborers were introduced (p < 0.05) to alcohol by friends. CONCLUSION Socio-demographic, economic, familial, social interactions, and stress are associated with harmful alcohol use among adults from slums calling for interventions targeting these factors.
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Carvalho AF, Heilig M, Perez A, Probst C, Rehm J. Alcohol use disorders. Lancet 2019; 394:781-792. [PMID: 31478502 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders consist of disorders characterised by compulsive heavy alcohol use and loss of control over alcohol intake. Alcohol use disorders are some of the most prevalent mental disorders globally, especially in high-income and upper-middle-income countries; and are associated with high mortality and burden of disease, mainly due to medical consequences, such as liver cirrhosis or injury. Despite their high prevalence, alcohol use disorders are undertreated partly because of the high stigma associated with them, but also because of insufficient systematic screening in primary health care, although effective and cost-effective psychosocial and pharmacological interventions do exist. Primary health care should be responsible for most treatment, with routine screening for alcohol use, and the provision of a staggered treatment response, from brief advice to pharmacological treatment. Clinical interventions for these disorders should be embedded in a supportive environment, which can be bolstered by the creation of alcohol control policies aimed at reducing the overall level of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre F Carvalho
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Markus Heilig
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Charlotte Probst
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
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Hanh HTM, Assanangkornchai S, Geater AF, Hanh VTM. Socioeconomic inequalities in alcohol use and some related consequences from a household perspective in Vietnam. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019; 38:274-283. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thi My Hanh
- Health Strategy and Policy InstituteVietnam Ministry of Health Hanoi Vietnam
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of MedicinePrince of Songkla University Hat Yai Thailand
| | | | | | - Vu Thi Minh Hanh
- Health Strategy and Policy InstituteVietnam Ministry of Health Hanoi Vietnam
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Casswell S. International Alcohol Control Study: Analyses from the first wave. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 2:S4-S9. [PMID: 29635798 PMCID: PMC6120559 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Casswell
- SHORE & Whariki Research Centre, College of HealthMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand
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