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Kwon SJ, Prinstein MJ, Lindquist KA, Telzer EH. Friendship changes differentially predict neural correlates of decision-making for friends across adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 65:101342. [PMID: 38219708 PMCID: PMC10825619 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescents' peer world is highly dynamic with constant dissolution of old friendships and formation of new ones. Though many of adolescents' risky decisions involve their peers, little is known about how adolescents' ever-changing friendships shape their ability to make these peer-involving risky decisions, particularly adaptive ones, and whether this association shifts over time. In a 5-wave longitudinal fMRI study, 173 adolescents (at wave 1: Mage = 12.8, SDage = 0.52; range = 11.9-14.5) made risky choices to win money for their best friend. We assessed whether participants nominated the same or different best friend as their previous participation year (a total of 340 data points of friendship maintenance / change). In early adolescence, adolescents with the same best friend took more adaptive risks for that best friend than those with a different best friend. In late adolescence, however, adolescents with a different best friend took more adaptive risks for the new best friend than those with the same best friend. Further, the amygdala was differentially sensitive to friendship maintenance / change during these peer-involving adaptive risks across time. This study has implications for how stable and flexible peer landscapes differentially modulate social motivation and social decision-making over the course of adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seh-Joo Kwon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Duell N, Kwon SJ, Do KT, Turpyn CC, Prinstein MJ, Lindquist KA, Telzer EH. Positive risk taking and neural sensitivity to risky decision making in adolescence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 57:101142. [PMID: 35930925 PMCID: PMC9356152 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines associations between adolescents' positive risk taking and neural activation during risky decision-making. Participants included 144 adolescents ages 13-16 years (Mage = 14.23; SDage = 0.7) from diverse racial and ethnic groups. Participants self-reported their engagement in positive and negative risk taking. Additionally, participants played the Cups task during fMRI, where they chose between a safe choice (guaranteed earning of 15 cents) and a risky choice (varying probabilities of earning more than 15 cents). Using a risk-return framework, we examined adolescents' sensitivity to both risks (safe versus risky) and returns (expected value, or potential reward as a function of its probability of occurring) at the behavioral and neural levels. All participants took more risks when the expected value of the choice was high. However, high positive risk taking was uniquely associated with dampened dmPFC tracking of expected value. Together, results show that adolescents' positive risk taking is associated with neural activity during risky decision-making. Findings are among the first to identify brain-behavior correlations associated with positive risk taking during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Duell
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States.
| | - Seh-Joo Kwon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States
| | - Kathy T Do
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States
| | - Caitlin C Turpyn
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States
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3
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Turpyn CC, Jorgensen NA, Prinstein MJ, Lindquist KA, Telzer EH. Social neural sensitivity as a susceptibility marker to family context in predicting adolescent externalizing behavior. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 51:100993. [PMID: 34311329 PMCID: PMC8325100 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence represents a period of risk for developing patterns of risk-taking and conduct problems, and the quality of the family environment is one robust predictor of such externalizing behavior. However, family factors may not affect all youth uniformly, and individual differences in neurobiological susceptibility to the family context may moderate its influence. The current study investigated brain-based individual differences in social motivational processing as a susceptibility marker to family conflict in predicting externalizing behavior in early adolescent youth. 163 adolescents (Mage = 12.87 years) completed an fMRI scan during which they anticipated social rewards and social punishments. For adolescents with heightened ventral striatum and amygdala blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) response during the anticipation of social rewards and heightened ventral striatum BOLD response during the anticipation of social punishments, higher levels of family conflict were associated with greater externalizing behavior. BOLD response when anticipating both social rewards and punishments suggested increased susceptibility to maladaptive family contexts, highlighting the importance of considering adolescent social motivation in positive and negatively valenced contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Turpyn
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Nathan A Jorgensen
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA.
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4
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Kwon SJ, Turypn CC, Prinstein MJ, Lindquist KA, Telzer EH. Self-Oriented Neural Circuitry Predicts Other-Oriented Adaptive Risks in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 17:161-171. [PMID: 34170324 PMCID: PMC8847904 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is marked by changes in decision-making and perspective-taking abilities. Although adolescents make more adaptive decisions with age, little is understood about how adolescents take adaptive risks that impact others and how this behavior changes developmentally. Functional coupling between reward [e.g., ventral striatum (VS)] and ‘social brain’ [e.g. temporal parietal junction (TPJ)/ posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)] systems may be differentially shape adaptive risks for the self and other. A total of 173 participants completed between one and three sessions across three waves [a total of 433 behavioral and 403 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data points]. During an fMRI scan, adolescents completed a risky decision-making task where they made risky decisions to win money for themselves and their parent. The risky decisions varied in their expected value (EV) of potential reward. Results show that from the 6th through 9th grades, adolescents took increasingly more adaptive risks for themselves than for their parent. Additionally, greater VS–TPJ/pSTS and VS–mPFC connectivity that tracks EV when making risky decisions for themselves in 6th grade, but a lower VS–mPFC connectivity in 9th grade, predicted greater adaptive risk-taking for their parent. This study contributes to our understanding of the self as a neural proxy for promoting adaptive social behaviors in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seh-Joo Kwon
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Caitlin C Turypn
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Eva H Telzer
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Brain and Behavior Correlates of Risk Taking in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:707-715. [PMID: 33451676 PMCID: PMC9037066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Avoidant behavior is a defining feature of pediatric anxiety disorders. Although prior research has examined it from the perspective of early information processing events, there has been relatively less consideration of the processes by which anxious youth make avoidant decisions and how these choices are reinforced over time. Studies of risk taking are valuable in this regard because they consider how individuals identify the pros and cons of their choices, how they weigh potential gains and losses and estimate their respective probabilities, and how they tolerate the uncertainty intrinsic to any decision. In this review, we place risk taking within existing models of information processing in pediatric anxiety disorders and highlight the particular value of this construct for informing models of developmental psychopathology and individual differences in outcome over time. We review existing behavioral and neurobiological studies of risk taking in anxious youth and conclude by identifying directions for future research.
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Zürcher NR, Walsh EC, Phillips RD, Cernasov PM, Tseng CEJ, Dharanikota A, Smith E, Li Z, Kinard JL, Bizzell JC, Greene RK, Dillon D, Pizzagalli DA, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Truong K, Lalush D, Hooker JM, Dichter GS. A simultaneous [ 11C]raclopride positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of striatal dopamine binding in autism. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:33. [PMID: 33431841 PMCID: PMC7801430 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The social motivation hypothesis of autism posits that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired motivation to seek out social experience early in life that interferes with the development of social functioning. This framework suggests that impaired mesolimbic dopamine function underlies compromised responses to social rewards in ASD. Although this hypothesis is supported by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, no molecular imaging study has evaluated striatal dopamine functioning in response to rewards in ASD. Here, we examined striatal functioning during monetary incentive processing in ASD and controls using simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and fMRI. Using a bolus + infusion protocol with the D2/D3 dopamine receptor antagonist [11C]raclopride, voxel-wise binding potential (BPND) was compared between groups (controls = 12, ASD = 10) in the striatum. Striatal clusters showing significant between-group BPND differences were used as seeds in whole-brain fMRI general functional connectivity analyses. Relative to controls, the ASD group demonstrated decreased phasic dopamine release to incentives in the bilateral putamen and left caudate, as well as increased functional connectivity between a PET-derived right putamen seed and the precuneus and insula. Within the ASD group, decreased phasic dopamine release in the putamen was related to poorer theory-of-mind skills. Our findings that ASD is characterized by impaired striatal phasic dopamine release to incentives provide support for the social motivation hypothesis of autism. PET-fMRI may be a suitable tool to evaluate novel ASD therapeutics targeting the striatal dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Zürcher
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Erin C. Walsh
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Rachel D. Phillips
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Paul M. Cernasov
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Chieh-En J. Tseng
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Ayarah Dharanikota
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Eric Smith
- grid.10698.360000000122483208UNC-Chapel Hill Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Zibo Li
- grid.10698.360000000122483208UNC-Chapel Hill Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center (BRIC), Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Jessica L. Kinard
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA
| | - Joshua C. Bizzell
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Rachel K. Greene
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - Daniel Dillon
- grid.240206.20000 0000 8795 072XCenter for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- grid.240206.20000 0000 8795 072XCenter for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - David Izquierdo-Garcia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Kinh Truong
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA
| | - David Lalush
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Gabriel S. Dichter
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27510 USA
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Uy JP, Galván A. Individual differences in accumbofrontal tract integrity relate to risky decisions under stress in adolescents and adults. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 45:100859. [PMID: 32920280 PMCID: PMC7494464 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress increases risky decision-making (DM). It is widely accepted that individual variation in neural phenotypes underlie variability in this behavioral tendency in adults, but is less examined in adolescents. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that the relation between neural phenotypes and stress-related risky DM is better characterized by individual variation than by age. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography to characterize the accumbofrontal tract, we determined if it uniquely moderated how stress affects risky DM, over and above age. A daily diary design monitored participants’ daily stress for two weeks. Participants completed a DTI scan and performed a task in which decisions varied by expected value, once each on a day when they endorsed feeling higher (and lower) than usual levels of stress. Multilevel logistic regression analyses revealed that all participants were more likely to take risks as expected reward value increased; this behavior was greater under high versus low stress for individuals with low accumbofrontal tract integrity, whereas DM was less influenced by stress for individuals with high accumbofrontal tract integrity, regardless of age. Results suggest that individual differences in brain structure may be more germane to characterizing risky decisions in adolescents, rather than ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P Uy
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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van Hoorn J, Shablack H, Lindquist KA, Telzer EH. Incorporating the social context into neurocognitive models of adolescent decision-making: A neuroimaging meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 101:129-142. [PMID: 31006540 PMCID: PMC6659412 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurobiological models of adolescent decision-making emphasize developmental changes in brain regions involved in affect (e.g., ventral striatum) and cognitive control (e.g., lateral prefrontal cortex). Although social context plays an important role in adolescent decision-making, current models do not discuss brain regions implicated in processing social information (e.g., dorsomedial prefrontal cortex). We conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis using the Multilevel peak Kernel Density Analysis (MKDA) method to test the hypothesis that brain regions involved in affect, cognitive control, and social information processing support adolescent decision-making in social contexts (N = 21 functional neuroimaging studies; N = 1292 participants). Results indicated that dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus/insula and ventral striatum are consistently associated with adolescent decision-making in social contexts. Activity within these regions was modulated by the type of social context and social actors involved. Findings suggest including brain regions involved in social information processing into models of adolescent decision-making. We propose a 'constructionist' model, which describes psychological processes and corresponding neural networks related to affect, cognitive control, and social information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorien van Hoorn
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Holly Shablack
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Guassi Moreira JF, Tashjian SM, Galván A, Silvers JA. Parents Versus Peers: Assessing the Impact of Social Agents on Decision Making in Young Adults. Psychol Sci 2018; 29:1526-1539. [PMID: 30088777 DOI: 10.1177/0956797618778497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Young adulthood is a developmental phase when individuals must navigate a changing social milieu that involves considering how their decisions affect close others such as parents and peers. To date, no empirical work has directly evaluated how young adults weigh these relationships against one another. We conducted a preregistered experiment in which we pitted outcomes for parents against outcomes for friends. Participants ( N = 174, ages 18-30 years) played two runs of the Columbia Card Task-one in which gains benefited a parent and losses were incurred by a friend and another in which the opposite was true. We also tested whether age, relationship quality, and reward type earned for parents and friends (simulated vs. real) acted as moderating influences on parent-friend prioritization. Results showed that individuals were more likely to make decisions that benefited a parent at the expense of a friend. Relationship quality and reward type moderated this effect, whereas age did not.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriana Galván
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
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