1
|
Vales-Villamarín C, de Dios O, Mahíllo-Fernández I, Perales M, Pérez-Nadador I, Gavela-Pérez T, Soriano-Guillén L, Garcés C. Sex-dependent relationship of polymorphisms in CLOCK and REV-ERBα genes with body mass index and lipid levels in children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22127. [PMID: 38092833 PMCID: PMC10719338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, which are governed by a circadian clock, regulate important biological processes associated with obesity. SNPs in circadian clock genes have been linked to energy and lipid homeostasis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the associations of CLOCK and REV-ERBα SNPs with BMI and plasma lipid levels in pre-pubertal boys and girls. The study sample population comprised 1268 children aged 6-8 years. Information regarding anthropometric parameters and plasma lipid concentrations was available. Genotyping of CLOCK SNPs rs1801260, rs4580704, rs3749474, rs3736544 and rs4864548 and REV-ERBα SNPs rs2017427, rs20711570 and rs2314339 was performed by RT-PCR. The CLOCK SNPs rs3749474 and rs4864548 were significantly associated with BMI in girls but no in boys. Female carriers of the minor alleles for these SNPs presented lower BMI compared to non-carriers. A significant association of the REV-ERBα SNP rs2071570 with plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Apo B in males was also observed. Male AA carriers showed lower plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and Apo B levels as compared with carriers of the C allele. No significant associations between any of the studied REV-ERBα SNPs and plasma lipid levels were observed in females. In summary, CLOCK and REV-ERBα SNPs were associated with BMI and plasma lipid levels respectively in a sex-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that sex-related factors may interact with Clock genes SNPs conditioning the effects of these polymorphisms on circadian alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olaya de Dios
- Lipid Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Macarena Perales
- Lipid Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Pérez-Nadador
- Lipid Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Carmen Garcés
- Lipid Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Madhu SV, Aslam M, Mishra BK, Mehndiratta M. Rotational night shift work adversely affects expression of TCF7L2 and PPAR-γ genes among healthcare workers with normal glucose tolerance. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-022-01159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
3
|
Ahmadi SA, Tranmer JE, Ritonja JA, Flaten L, Topouza DG, Duan QL, Durocher F, Aronson KJ, Bhatti P. DNA methylation of circadian genes and markers of cardiometabolic risk in female hospital workers: An exploratory study. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:735-746. [PMID: 35109725 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2032729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Night shift work has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A compelling yet understudied mechanism involves differential DNA methylation of circadian genes. To investigate the relevance of this mechanism, we conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study of 74 female hospital personnel (38 day workers, 36 night shift workers). Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics as well as shift work status and history were determined through self-report. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure markers of cardiometabolic risk and DNA was extracted to measure DNA methylation of 1150 cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites across 22 circadian genes. Associations between methylation levels at individual CpG sites (β-values) and markers of cardiometabolic risk were analyzed while considering effect modification by shift work status. The false discovery rate was applied to account for multiple comparisons (q ≤ 0.20). Two CpG sites [cg06758649 (CRY1) and cg06899802 (CSNK1A1)] were differentially associated with waist circumference and body mass index by shift work status, and eight CpG sites [cg26103512 (CSNK1D), cg03941313 (CSNK1E), cg18217763 (CSNK1E), cg16682686 (DEC1), cg12061096 (RORA), cg10133825 (RORA), cg19652148 (RORA), and cg22904654 (RORA)] were differentially associated with LDL cholesterol concentration by shift work status (all q ≤ 0.20). Our findings suggest that the relationship between DNA methylation of circadian genes and cardiometabolic risk differs by day and night shift worker status, which may contribute to mechanisms of increased risk of CVD observed among night shift workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman A Ahmadi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Joan E Tranmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Ritonja
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Flaten
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Danai G Topouza
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Qing Ling Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Chu de Québec-Université Laval Research Center (Endocrinology and Nephrology Division), Université Laval Cancer Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Correa‐da‐Silva F, Fliers E, Swaab DF, Yi C. Hypothalamic neuropeptides and neurocircuitries in Prader Willi syndrome. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12994. [PMID: 34156126 PMCID: PMC8365683 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare and incurable congenital neurodevelopmental disorder, resulting from the absence of expression of a group of genes on the paternally acquired chromosome 15q11-q13. Phenotypical characteristics of PWS include infantile hypotonia, short stature, incomplete pubertal development, hyperphagia and morbid obesity. Hypothalamic dysfunction in controlling body weight and food intake is a hallmark of PWS. Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that PWS subjects have abnormal neurocircuitry engaged in the hedonic and physiological control of feeding behavior. This is translated into diminished production of hypothalamic effector peptides which are responsible for the coordination of energy homeostasis and satiety. So far, studies with animal models for PWS and with human post-mortem hypothalamic specimens demonstrated changes particularly in the infundibular and the paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, both in orexigenic and anorexigenic neural populations. Moreover, many PWS patients have a severe endocrine dysfunction, e.g. central hypogonadism and/or growth hormone deficiency, which may contribute to the development of increased fat mass, especially if left untreated. Additionally, the role of non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes and microglia in the hypothalamic dysregulation in PWS is yet to be determined. Notably, microglial activation is persistently present in non-genetic obesity. To what extent microglia, and other glial cells, are affected in PWS is poorly understood. The elucidation of the hypothalamic dysfunction in PWS could prove to be a key feature of rational therapeutic management in this syndrome. This review aims to examine the evidence for hypothalamic dysfunction, both at the neuropeptidergic and circuitry levels, and its correlation with the pathophysiology of PWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Correa‐da‐Silva
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychiatric DisordersNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dick F. Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric DisordersNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Chun‐Xia Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam University Medical Center (UMC)University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Neuropsychiatric DisordersNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAn Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Škrlec I, Talapko J, Juzbašić M, Steiner R. Sex Differences in Circadian Clock Genes and Myocardial Infarction Susceptibility. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:53. [PMID: 34066863 PMCID: PMC8151899 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing body of evidence shows a significant difference in the circadian rhythm of cardiovascular disease based on biological sex. The incidence of cardiovascular disease varies between women and men. Additionally, biological sex is vital for the timely application of therapy-chronotherapy, which benefits both sexes. This study aimed to examine the potential difference of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the circadian rhythm genes ARNTL, CLOCK, CRY2 and PER2 in women and men with myocardial infarction. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 200 patients with myocardial infarction. Altogether, ten single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ARNTL, CLOCK, CRY2 and PER2 genes were analyzed. The Chi-square test yielded statistically significant differences in CLOCK gene rs11932595 polymorphism in a recessive genotype model between women and men with a p-value of 0.03 and an odds ratio 2.66, and a corresponding 95% confidence interval of 1.07 to 6.66. Other analyzed polymorphisms of the circadian rhythm genes ARNTL, CRY2, and PER2 did not significantly differ between the sexes. According to the study's current results, the CLOCK gene's genetic variability might affect myocardial infarction concerning biological sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.T.); (M.J.)
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.T.); (M.J.)
| | - Martina Juzbašić
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia; (J.T.); (M.J.)
| | - Robert Steiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia;
- Clinical Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Intensive Care, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aslam M, Madhu SV, Keithellakpam K, Mehndiratta M, Mishra BK, Neh V. Longterm effects of rotational night shift work on expression of circadian genes and its association with postprandial triglyceride levels - A pilot study. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:629-637. [PMID: 33602006 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1881108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of lipid metabolism in the form of high fasting as well as postprandial triglyceride levels immediately after night shift work and under simulated night shift conditions have been reported in the literature. Whether dysregulation of circadian genes in the long term is associated with abnormal triglyceride metabolism has not been previously investigated. This pilot study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of rotational night shift work on the expression of circadian genes among healthcare workers and to ascertain the association between the expression of circadian genes and postprandial triglyceride and insulin resistance parameters. The study was conducted on two groups of healthcare workers (n = 20/group). Group 1 included day shift workers who had not done night shift duty during the past one year or ever. Group 2 included healthcare workers doing rotational night shift duties (≥4 night shift duties/month). Fasting blood samples were collected at 08:00 h to study the expression of circadian genes CLOCK, NPAS2, BMAL1, CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, PER3, REVERBα, and biochemical parameters after which a standardized fat challenge test was done to measure postprandial triglyceride levels. Study of Group 2 individuals was conducted after a minimum of one week after the last night shift duty. Expression of CLOCK, NPAS2, PER1, PER3, and REV-ERBα genes was higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 subjects, and expression of BMAL1 and CRY1 genes were lower in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Several of these genes showed significant correlations with postprandial triglyceride and insulin resistance parameters in Group 2 but not in Group 1 subjects. The present study showed altered expression of several circadian genes in healthcare workers involved in rotational night shift duties associated with postprandial triglyceride and insulin resistance parameters. This study therefore suggests that long term circadian gene dysregulation could have serious metabolic consequences in individuals engaged in rotational night shift duties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Aslam
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - S V Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - K Keithellakpam
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - M Mehndiratta
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - B K Mishra
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - V Neh
- Department of Endocrinology, Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology & Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Flanagan A, Bechtold DA, Pot GK, Johnston JD. Chrono-nutrition: From molecular and neuronal mechanisms to human epidemiology and timed feeding patterns. J Neurochem 2020; 157:53-72. [PMID: 33222161 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system governs daily biological rhythms, synchronising physiology and behaviour to the temporal world. External time cues, including the light-dark cycle and timing of food intake, provide daily signals for entrainment of the central, master circadian clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), and of metabolic rhythms in peripheral tissues, respectively. Chrono-nutrition is an emerging field building on the relationship between temporal eating patterns, circadian rhythms, and metabolic health. Evidence from both animal and human research demonstrates adverse metabolic consequences of circadian disruption. Conversely, a growing body of evidence indicates that aligning food intake to periods of the day when circadian rhythms in metabolic processes are optimised for nutrition may be effective for improving metabolic health. Circadian rhythms in glucose and lipid homeostasis, insulin responsiveness and sensitivity, energy expenditure, and postprandial metabolism, may favour eating patterns characterised by earlier temporal distribution of energy. This review details the molecular basis for metabolic clocks, the regulation of feeding behaviour, and the evidence for meal timing as an entraining signal for the circadian system in animal models. The epidemiology of temporal eating patterns in humans is examined, together with evidence from human intervention studies investigating the metabolic effects of morning compared to evening energy intake, and emerging chrono-nutrition interventions such as time-restricted feeding. Chrono-nutrition may have therapeutic application for individuals with and at-risk of metabolic disease and convey health benefits within the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Flanagan
- Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Section of Metabolic Medicine, Food and Macronutrients, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - David A Bechtold
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gerda K Pot
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Nutrition and Health Department, Louis Bolk Instituut, Bunnik, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan D Johnston
- Section of Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Škrlec I, Milić J, Steiner R. The Impact of the Circadian Genes CLOCK and ARNTL on Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E484. [PMID: 32050674 PMCID: PMC7074039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm regulates various physiological mechanisms, and its disruption can promote many disorders. Disturbance of endogenous circadian rhythms enhances the chance of myocardial infarction (MI), showing that circadian clock genes could have a crucial function in the onset of the disease. This case-control study was performed on 1057 participants. It was hypothesized that the polymorphisms of one nucleotide (SNP) in three circadian clock genes (CLOCK, ARNTL, and PER2) could be associated with MI. Statistically significant differences, estimated by the Chi-square test, were found in the distribution of alleles and genotypes between MI and no-MI groups of the CLOCK (rs6811520 and rs13124436) and ARNTL (rs3789327 and rs12363415) genes. According to the results of the present study, the polymorphisms in the CLOCK and ARNTL genes could be related to MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- Histology, Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jakov Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Steiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Intensive Care, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Škrlec I, Milić J, Heffer M, Wagner J, Peterlin B. Circadian clock genes and circadian phenotypes in patients with myocardial infarction. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:224-229. [PMID: 30818221 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human physiological activities and diseases are under the control of the circadian rhythm. There are strong epidemiological associations between disrupted circadian rhythms, sleep duration and diseases. Sleep disorders are associated with vascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS We conducted an association study of genotype-phenotype interaction, to determine which circadian clock gene variants might be associated with the circadian phenotypes in patients with MI. In the present study, we analyzed the allele frequencies of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms in four circadian clock genes in two independent samples: MI patients and controls. Chronotype was assessed using the Morningness - Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). RESULTS Chronotype was associated with the ARNTL genetic variant rs12363415 in MI patients. The polymorphisms rs11932595 of the CLOCK gene and rs934945 of the PER2 gene were associated with daytime sleepiness in the patient group. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that genetic variations in some circadian clock genes might be related to circadian phenotype (i.e., chronotype and daytime sleepiness) in patients with myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jakov Milić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Škrlec I, Milić J, Cilenšek I, Petrovič D, Wagner J, Peterlin B. Circadian clock genes and myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Gene 2019; 701:98-103. [PMID: 30905809 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of circadian clock may trigger the onset of diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well-known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and myocardial infarction. We performed a case-control study, where we explored the possible association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in three circadian rhythm genes (ARNTL, CLOCK, and PER2) and myocardial infarction in 657 patients with T2DM. The study group consisted of 231 patients with myocardial infarction and T2DM and a control group of 426 T2DM patients. We hypothesized that variations in the circadian rhythm genes in patients with T2DM could be an additional risk factor for myocardial infarction. The statistically significant difference was found in allelic (p = 1.1 × 10-5) and genotype distribution (p = 1.42 × 10-4) between two groups of the rs12363415 at the ARNTL gene locus. We provide evidence that genetic variability in the ARNTL gene might be associated with myocardial infarction in patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jakov Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Cilenšek
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Daniel Petrovič
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goni L, Sun D, Heianza Y, Wang T, Huang T, Martínez JA, Shang X, Bray GA, Smith SR, Sacks FM, Qi L. A circadian rhythm-related MTNR1B genetic variant modulates the effect of weight-loss diets on changes in adiposity and body composition: the POUNDS Lost trial. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:1381-1389. [PMID: 29516223 PMCID: PMC6128782 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A common variant of the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) gene has been related to increased signaling of melatonin, a hormone previously associated with body fatness mainly through effects on energy metabolism. We examined whether the MTNR1B variant affects changes of body fatness and composition in response to a dietary weight loss intervention. METHODS The MTNR1B rs10830963 variant was genotyped for 722 overweight and obese individuals, who were randomly assigned to one of four diets varying in macronutrient composition. Anthropometric and body composition measurements (DXA scan) were collected at baseline and at 6 and 24 months of follow-up. RESULTS Statistically significant interactions were observed between the MTNR1B genotype and low-/high-fat diet on changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and total body fat (p interaction = 0.01, 0.02, 0.002 and 0.04, respectively), at 6 months of dietary intervention. In the low-fat diet group, increasing number of the sleep disruption-related G allele was significantly associated with a decrease in weight (p = 0.004), BMI (p = 0.005) and WC (p = 0.001). In the high-fat diet group, carrying the G allele was positively associated with changes in body fat (p = 0.03). At 2 years, the associations remained statistically significant for changes in body weight (p = 0.02), BMI (p = 0.02) and WC (p = 0.048) in the low-fat diet group, although the gene-diet interaction became less significant. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that carriers of the G allele of the MTNR1B rs10830963 may have a greater improvement in body adiposity and fat distribution when eating a low-fat diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Epidemiology Domain, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Xiaoyun Shang
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Steven R Smith
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nobs SP, Tuganbaev T, Elinav E. Microbiome diurnal rhythmicity and its impact on host physiology and disease risk. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201847129. [PMID: 30877136 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiome interactions constitute key determinants of host physiology, while their dysregulation is implicated in a wide range of human diseases. The microbiome undergoes diurnal variation in composition and function, and this in turn drives oscillations in host gene expression and functions. In this review, we discuss the newest developments in understanding circadian host-microbiome interplays, and how they may be relevant in health and disease contexts. We summarize the molecular mechanisms by which the microbiome influences host function in a diurnal manner, and inversely describe how the host orchestrates circadian rhythmicity of the microbiome. Furthermore, we highlight the future perspectives and challenges in studying this new and exciting facet of host-microbiome interactions. Finally, we illustrate how the elucidation of the microbiome chronobiology may pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Timur Tuganbaev
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel .,Cancer-Microbiome Division, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Škrlec I, Milic J, Heffer M, Peterlin B, Wagner J. Genetic variations in circadian rhythm genes and susceptibility for myocardial infarction. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:403-409. [PMID: 29767668 PMCID: PMC6082246 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of endogenous circadian rhythms has been shown to increase the risk of developing myocardial infarction (MI), suggesting that circadian genes might play a role in determining disease susceptibility. We conducted a case-control study on 200 patients hospitalized due to MI and 200 healthy controls, investigating the association between MI and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four circadian genes (ARNTL, CLOCK, CRY2, and PER2). The variants of all four genes were chosen based on their previously reported association with cardiovascular risk factors, which have a major influence on the occurrence of myocardial infarction. Statistically significant differences, assessed through Chi-square analysis, were found in genotype distribution between cases and controls of the PER2 gene rs35333999 (p=0.024) and the CRY2 gene rs2292912 (p=0.028); the corresponding unadjusted odds ratios, also significant, were respectively OR=0.49 (95% CI 0.26-0.91) and OR=0.32 (95% CI 0.11-0.89). Our data suggest that genetic variability in the CRY2 and PER2 genes might be associated with myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekDepartment of Medical Biology and
GeneticsCroatiaDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics,
Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek,
Croatia
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekFaculty of Dental Medicine and
HealthCroatiaFaculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J.
J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
- Send correspondence to Ivana Škrlec. Department of Medical Biology
and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
E-mail:
| | - Jakov Milic
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekDepartment of Medical Biology and
GeneticsCroatiaDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics,
Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek,
Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekDepartment of Medical Biology and
GeneticsCroatiaDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics,
Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek,
Croatia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- University Medical Center
LjubljanaUniversity Medical Center
LjubljanaClinical Institute of Medical
GeneticsSloveniaClinical Institute of Medical Genetics,
University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekDepartment of Medical Biology and
GeneticsCroatiaDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics,
Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek,
Croatia
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekFaculty of Dental Medicine and
HealthCroatiaFaculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J.
J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chellappa SL, Lasauskaite R, Cajochen C. In a Heartbeat: Light and Cardiovascular Physiology. Front Neurol 2017; 8:541. [PMID: 29104560 PMCID: PMC5654948 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Light impinging on the retina fulfils a dual function: it serves for vision and it is required for proper entrainment of the endogenous circadian timing system to the 24-h day, thus influencing behaviors that promote health and optimal quality of life but are independent of image formation. The circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei modulates the cardiovascular system with an intrinsic ability to anticipate morning solar time and with a circadian nature of adverse cardiovascular events. Here, we infer that light exposure might affect cardiovascular function and provide evidence from existing research. Findings show a time-of-day dependent increase in relative sympathetic tone associated with bright light in the morning but not in the evening hours. Furthermore, dynamic light in the early morning hours can reduce the deleterious sleep-to-wake evoked transition on cardiac modulation. On the contrary, effects of numerous light parameters, such as illuminance level and wavelength of monochromatic light, on cardiac function are mixed. Therefore, in future research studies, light modalities, such as timing, duration, and its wavelength composition, should be taken in to account when testing the potential of light as a non-invasive countermeasure for adverse cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Chellappa
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ruta Lasauskaite
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
O'Brien EC, O'Sullivan EJ, Kilbane MT, Geraghty AA, McKenna MJ, McAuliffe FM. Season and vitamin D status are independently associated with glucose homeostasis in pregnancy. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:50. [PMID: 28775759 PMCID: PMC5539754 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D status and season are intrinsically linked, and both have been proposed to be associated with glucose homeostasis in pregnancy, with conflicting results. We aimed to determine if exposure to winter and low maternal 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in early pregnancy were associated with maternal glucose metabolism. METHODS This is a secondary data analysis of 334 pregnant women enrolled in the ROLO study, Dublin. Serum 25OHD, fasting glucose, insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured in early (12 weeks' gestation) and late pregnancy (28 weeks' gestation). Season of first antenatal visit was categorised as extended winter (November-April) or extended summer (May-October). Multiple linear regression models, adjusted for confounders, were used for analysis. RESULTS Those who attended their first antenatal visit in extended winter had lower 25OHD compared to extended summer (32.9 nmol/L vs. 44.1 nmol/L, P < 0.001). Compared to those who attended their first antenatal visit during extended summer, extended winter was associated with increased HOMA-IR in early-pregnancy (46.7%) and late pregnancy (53.7%), independent of 25OHD <30 nmol/L and confounders. Early pregnancy 25OHD <30 nmol/L and extended winter were independently associated with significantly higher fasting glucose in late pregnancy (B = 0.15 and 0.13, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Women who attended their first antenatal visit during the months of extended winter were more likely to have raised insulin resistance in early pregnancy, which had a lasting association to 28 weeks, and was independent of 25OHD. Our novel findings imply that seasonal variation in insulin resistance may not be fully explained by differences in vitamin D status. This could reflect circannual rhythm or seasonal lifestyle behaviours, and requires further exploration. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN54392969, date of registration: 22/04/2009, retrospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen C O'Brien
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J O'Sullivan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark T Kilbane
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling A Geraghty
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Malachi J McKenna
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rial SA, Karelis AD, Bergeron KF, Mounier C. Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health: The Potential Beneficial Effects of a Medium Chain Triglyceride Diet in Obese Individuals. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050281. [PMID: 27187452 PMCID: PMC4882694 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic complications, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are in constant increase around the world. While most obese patients show several metabolic and biometric abnormalities and comorbidities, a subgroup of patients representing 3% to 57% of obese adults, depending on the diagnosis criteria, remains metabolically healthy. Among many other factors, the gut microbiota is now identified as a determining factor in the pathogenesis of metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) individuals and in obesity-related diseases such as endotoxemia, intestinal and systemic inflammation, as well as insulin resistance. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that an optimal healthy-like gut microbiota structure may contribute to the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype. Here, we describe how dietary medium chain triglycerides (MCT), previously found to promote lipid catabolism, energy expenditure and weight loss, can ameliorate metabolic health via their capacity to improve both intestinal ecosystem and permeability. MCT-enriched diets could therefore be used to manage metabolic diseases through modification of gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Ahmed Rial
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Antony D Karelis
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Karl-F Bergeron
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Catherine Mounier
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park HJ, Lee HS. The influence of obesity on the effects of spirulina supplementation in the human metabolic response of Korean elderly. Nutr Res Pract 2016; 10:418-23. [PMID: 27478549 PMCID: PMC4958645 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.4.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Spirulina, a blue-green alga, is widely produced and commercialized as a dietary supplement with bio- and immune-modulatory functions. We have previously shown that spirulina had favorable effects on lipid profiles, immune functions, and antioxidant capacity in healthy Korean elderly. Despite favorable effect of spirulina supplementation, some sub-populations have shown a poor response to supplementation. Obesity is a factor related to poor-response. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the immuno-modulation, antioxidant capacity, and lipid-lowering effect of spirulina in obese and non-obese Korean elderly. SUBJECTS/METHODS The subjects were 78 elderly aged 60-87 years. In a randomized double blind, placebo-controlled study, subjects were fed either placebo or spirulina daily, at 8 g for 12 weeks. Subjects were divided into the non-obese group and the obese group based on body mass index (BMI) criteria for Asians suggested by the International Obesity Task Force: BMI < 25 kg/m2 (non-obese) and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (obese). RESULTS In the non-obese group, spirulina supplementation showed a significant lowering effect on plasma concentration of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-2 concentration (P < 0.01) and a significant increment (P < 0.05) in IL-2/IL-6 ratio, and a significant increase in total antioxidant status level and a significant decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level. However, these effects were not observed in the obese group. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that blood lipid lowering and immune and antioxidant improving response for spirulina supplement was affected by obesity in Korean elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jung Park
- Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Lee
- Food Science and Nutrition, Dongseo University, 47 Jurye-ro, Sasang-gu, Busan 47011, Korea
| |
Collapse
|