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Zhang L, Zhao X, Wang Z, Deng H, Zhang X, Wang X, Lao J, Gao M, Hou Y, Han Y. Preadmission metformin use increased the incidence of hyperlactatemia at admission and 30-day in-hospital mortality among T2D patients with heart disease at high risk of hypoxia. Int J Cardiol 2024; 412:132338. [PMID: 38964551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surprisingly, despite the high prevalence of metformin use in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with heart disease, limited safety data is available regarding metformin use in patients with acute and critical heart disease. METHODS In this single-center retrospective study, patients admitted to the cardiology department for heart failure (HF) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) between December 2013 and December 2021 and who underwent arterial blood gas analysis at admission with an estimated glomerular clearance rate of ≥45 ml/min/1.73 m2 were identified. The incidences of hyperlactatemia, acidosis, and 30-day in-hospital mortality were compared between preadmission metformin users and nonusers. RESULTS Of 526 admissions, 193/193 metformin users/nonusers were selected in a propensity score-matched model. Metformin users had greater lactate levels (2.55 ± 2.07 mmol/l vs. 2.00 ± 1.80 mmol/l P < 0.01), a greater incidence of hyperlactatemia [odds ratio (OR) = 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.63-3.98; P < 0.01] and acidosis (OR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.00-3.16; P < 0.05) at admission and a greater incidence of in-hospital mortality (OR = 3.83; 95% CI, 1.05-13.94; P < 0.05), especially those with HF/acute myocardial infarction, elderly age, or without preadmission insulin use. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, compared to metformin nonusers, preadmission use of metformin may be associated with a greater incidence of hyperlactatemia and acidosis at admission and greater 30-day in-hospital mortality among T2D patients with HF or ACS at high risk of hypoxia, particularly those without preadmission insulin use. The safety of metformin in this population needs to be confirmed in prospective controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Zhongsu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Hao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Lao
- Health and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Unnisa A, Chettupalli AK, Al Hagbani T, Khalid M, Jandrajupalli SB, Chandolu S, Hussain T. Development of Dapagliflozin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as a Novel Carrier for Oral Delivery: Statistical Design, Optimization, In-Vitro and In-Vivo Characterization, and Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050568. [PMID: 35631394 PMCID: PMC9143250 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling hyperglycemia and avoiding glucose reabsorption are significant goals in type 2 diabetes treatments. Among the numerous modes of medication administration, the oral route is the most common. Introduction: Dapagliflozin is an oral hypoglycemic agent and a powerful, competitive, reversible, highly selective, and orally active human SGLT2 inhibitor. Dapagliflozin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are the focus of our present investigation. Controlled-release lipid nanocarriers were formulated by integrating them into lipid nanocarriers. The nanoparticle size and lipid utilized for formulation help to regulate the release of pharmaceuticals over some time. Dapagliflozin-loaded nanoparticles were formulated by hot homogenization followed by ultra-sonication. The morphology and physicochemical properties of dapagliflozin-SLNs have been characterized using various techniques. The optimized dapagliflozin-SLNs have a particle size ranging from 100.13 ± 7.2 to 399.08 ± 2.4 nm with 68.26 ± 0.2 to 94.46 ± 0.7% entrapment efficiency (%EE). Dapagliflozin-SLNs were optimized using a three-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD). Polymer concentration (X1), surfactant concentration (X2), and stirring duration (X3) were chosen as independent factors, whereas %EE, cumulative drug release (%CDR), and particle size were selected as dependent variables. Interactions between drug substances and polymers were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis indicated the crystalline change from the drug to the amorphous crystal. Electron microscope studies revealed that the SLNs’ structure is nearly perfectly round. It is evident from the findings that dapagliflozin-SLNs could lower elevated blood glucose levels to normal in STZ-induced diabetic rats, demonstrating a better hypoglycemic impact on type 2 diabetic patients. The in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters of SLNs exhibited a significant rise in Cmax (1258.37 ± 1.21 mcg/mL), AUC (5247.04 mcg/mL), and oral absorption (2-fold) of the drug compared to the marketed formulation in the Sprague Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Unnisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-537860207
| | - Ananda K. Chettupalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad 500088, India;
| | - Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suresh B. Jandrajupalli
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (S.B.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Swarnalatha Chandolu
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia; (S.B.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia;
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Howie AH, Klar N, Nash DM, Reid JN, Zwarenstein M. Printed educational materials directed at Ontario family physicians do not improve adherence to guideline recommendations for diabetes management: a pragmatic, factorial, cluster randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN72772651]. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2021; 22:243. [PMID: 34895165 PMCID: PMC8666060 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-021-01592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Printed educational materials (PEMs) have long been used to inform clinicians on evidence-based practices. However, the evidence for their effects on patient care and outcomes is unclear. In Ontario, despite widely available clinical practice guidelines recommending antihypertensives and cholesterol-lowering agents for patients with diabetes, prescriptions remain low. We aimed to determine whether PEMs can influence physicians to intensify prescribing of these medications. Methods A pragmatic, 2 × 2 factorial, cluster randomized controlled trial was designed to ascertain the effect of two PEM formats on physician prescribing: a postcard-sized message (“outsert”) or a longer narrative article (“insert”). Ontario family physician practices (clusters) were randomly allocated to receive the insert, outsert, both or neither. Physicians were eligible if they were in active practice and their patients were included if they were over 65 years with a diabetes diagnosis; both were unaware of the trial. Administrative databases at ICES (formerly the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences) were used to link patients to their physician and to analyse prescribing patterns at baseline and 1 year following PEM mailout. The primary outcome was intensification defined as the addition of a new antihypertensive or cholesterol-lowering agent, or dose increase of a current drug, measured at the patient level. Analyses were by intention-to-treat and accounted for the clustering of patients to physicians. Results We randomly assigned 4231 practices (39% of Ontario family physicians) with a total population of 185,526 patients (20% of patients with diabetes in Ontario primary care) to receive the insert, outsert, both, and neither; among these, 4118 practices were analysed (n = 1025, n = 1037, n = 1031, n = 1025, respectively). No significant treatment effect was found for the outsert (odds ratio (OR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 to 1.04) or the insert (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.02). Percent of intensification in the four arms was similar (approximately 46%). Adjustment for physician characteristics (e.g., age, sex, practice location) had no impact on these findings. Conclusions PEMs have no effect on physician’s adherence to recommendations for the management of diabetes-related complications in Ontario. Further research should investigate the effect of other strategies to narrow this evidence-to-practice gap. Trial registration ISRCTN72772651. Retrospectively registered 21 July 2005. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-021-01592-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison H Howie
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, 1465 Richmond St., London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada.
| | - Neil Klar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, 1465 Richmond St., London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada
| | - Danielle M Nash
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, 1465 Richmond St., London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Merrick Zwarenstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, 1465 Richmond St., London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada.,ICES, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, 1465 Richmond St, London, ON, N6G 2M1, Canada
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Price DA, Deng Q, Kipnes M, Beck SE. Episodic Real-Time CGM Use in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Ther 2021; 12:2089-2099. [PMID: 34089138 PMCID: PMC8177263 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-021-01086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Resistance to initiating insulin therapy is common for people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using multiple oral agents, resulting in sustained poor glycemic control. We explored a non-pharmacologic option and examined whether adults with T2D and elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) who were using multiple, non-insulin antihyperglycemics could obtain glycemic benefit from limited, episodic use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM). METHODS A randomized, pilot trial enrolled patients with T2D who were using two or more non-insulin therapies and had HbA1c values of 7.8-10.5%. Following a baseline, 10-day, blinded CGM session, participants were randomized 2:1, rtCGM or self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Medication changes were not made during the 12-week study unless required for safety; benefits would result from lifestyle changes. The rtCGM group used unblinded rtCGM for three sessions at weeks 0, 4, and 8, and the control group managed diabetes with SMBG and wore blinded rtCGM at week 8. Glycemic endpoints were assessed. RESULTS Seventy participants were enrolled from eight North American sites and data were available from 68 (n = 45 rtCGM; n = 23 SMBG). Median (IQR) baseline HbA1c was 8.4 (0.8)% and 8.3 (1.2)% and median (IQR) change in HbA1c at week 12 was - 0.5 (1.3)% and - 0.2 (1.1)% for the rtCGM and SMBG groups, respectively (between-group difference p = 0.74). More than one-third (34.1%) of the rtCGM group vs 17.4% of the SMBG group reached the HbA1c goal of less than 7.5% at week 12 (between-group difference p = 0.12). Compared to run-in, mean (SD) time in range (TIR 70-180 mg/dL) at week 8 increased for the rtCGM group (56.3 [24.5]% vs 63.1 [25.5]%) while it decreased for the SMBG group (68.4 [21.5]% vs 55.1 [30.3]%). HbA1c reductions were not sustained at month 9. CONCLUSION In this pilot study, limited episodic rtCGM use in people failing multiple non-insulin therapies resulted in modest, short-term glycemic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Price
- Dexcom, Inc., 6340 Sequence Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Qianqian Deng
- Dexcom, Inc., 6340 Sequence Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Mark Kipnes
- Diabetes & Glandular Disease Clinic, 5107 Medical Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Stayce E Beck
- Dexcom, Inc., 6340 Sequence Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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Peters A, Cohen N, Calhoun P, Ruedy KJ, Beck RW, Martens TW, Bao S, Njeru NM, Beck SE, Price DA. Glycaemic profiles of diverse patients with type 2 diabetes using basal insulin: MOBILE study baseline data. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:631-636. [PMID: 33118309 PMCID: PMC7839741 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Basal insulin is often prescribed to patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, its therapeutic efficacy is inadequate in many. During the MOBILE study's baseline phase, we evaluated 173 participants' continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data (mean ± SD age 57 ± 9 years; 50% female; HbA1c 9.1% [range 7.1%-11.6%]; 40% using sulphonylureas; 19% using NPH; reported self-monitored blood glucose [SMBG] frequency median 1.0 checks/day) who were using basal, but not prandial insulin. Blinded CGM data were recorded for 10 days prior to randomization. The mean glucose value was 208 ± 47 mg/dL and it was lowest in the early morning. Mean time in the 70-180 mg/dL range was 9.6 ± 6.1 hours/day (40% ± 25%). Hyperglycaemia was extensive with medians of 14.7 (61%) and 5.0 (20.9%) hours/day with glucose greater than 180 and 250 mg/dL, respectively. Hypoglycaemia was infrequent (median [IQR] 0 [0, 4.3] minutes/day [0.0% {0.0%, 0.3%}] with glucose less than 70 mg/dL). Blinded CGM highlights the limitations of infrequent SMBG in basal insulin users with T2D and allows characterization of hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia in basal insulin users with suboptimal control. The MOBILE study randomized phase will define the benefits of using real-time CGM compared with SMBG in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Peters
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas W. Martens
- International Diabetes Center, Park Nicollet ClinicBrooklyn CenterMinnesota
| | - Shichun Bao
- Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennessee
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Inzucchi SE, Davies MJ, Khunti K, Trivedi P, George JT, Zwiener I, Johansen OE, Sattar N. Empagliflozin treatment effects across categories of baseline HbA1c, body weight and blood pressure as an add-on to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:425-433. [PMID: 33084149 PMCID: PMC7839733 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of different categories of baseline cardio-metabolic risk factors on the treatment effects of empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg when added as second-line therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients aged 18 years or older with HbA1c 7.0%-10.0% were included. Analysis of covariance compared change from baseline to weeks 24 and 76 in HbA1c, body weight (BW) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) by respective baseline categories (HbA1c <8.5/≥8.5%; BW <80/80-90/>90 kg, SBP <130/130-140/>140 mmHg). Analyses were also conducted with a model using continuous covariates of cardio-metabolic factors. RESULTS In total, 637 patients (56.7% males; mean [SD] age 55.7 [9.9] years, HbA1c 7.9% [0.9%], BW 81.2 [18.8] kg, SBP 129.4 [14.6] mmHg) received one or more dose of either empagliflozin 10 mg (n = 217) or 25 mg (n = 213), or placebo (n = 207). At both time points, empagliflozin 10/25 mg versus placebo significantly (P < .0001) reduced HbA1c and BW, with greater reductions in HbA1c at higher baseline HbA1c (P interaction week 24/76 categorical and continuous models: .0290/.1431 and .0004/.0042, respectively) and in BW (P interaction .1340/.0012 and .0202/<.0001, respectively). Both empagliflozin doses also significantly lowered SBP versus placebo at both time points, with similar efficacy by subgroups of baseline SBP. Adverse events were consistent with the established empagliflozin safety profile across treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Empagliflozin, as add-on to metformin, decreases HbA1c and BW, particularly in patients with higher HbA1c and BW baseline values, and effectively lowers SBP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Kunstler BE, Furler J, Holmes-Truscott E, McLachlan H, Boyle D, Lo S, Speight J, O'Neal D, Audehm R, Kilov G, Manski-Nankervis JA. Guiding Glucose Management Discussions Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in General Practice: Development and Pretesting of a Clinical Decision Support Tool Prototype Embedded in an Electronic Medical Record. JMIR Form Res 2020; 4:e17785. [PMID: 32876576 PMCID: PMC7495264 DOI: 10.2196/17785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) requires progressive lifestyle changes and, sometimes, pharmacological treatment intensification. General practitioners (GPs) are integral to this process but can find pharmacological treatment intensification challenging because of the complexity of continually emerging treatment options. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to use a co-design method to develop and pretest a clinical decision support (CDS) tool prototype (GlycASSIST) embedded within an electronic medical record, which uses evidence-based guidelines to provide GPs and people with T2D with recommendations for setting glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) targets and intensifying treatment together in real time in consultations. METHODS The literature on T2D-related CDS tools informed the initial GlycASSIST design. A two-part co-design method was then used. Initial feedback was sought via interviews and focus groups with clinicians (4 GPs, 5 endocrinologists, and 3 diabetes educators) and 6 people with T2D. Following refinements, 8 GPs participated in mock consultations in which they had access to GlycASSIST. Six people with T2D viewed a similar mock consultation. Participants provided feedback on the functionality of GlycASSIST and its role in supporting shared decision making (SDM) and treatment intensification. RESULTS Clinicians and people with T2D believed that GlycASSIST could support SDM (although this was not always observed in the mock consultations) and individualized treatment intensification. They recommended that GlycASSIST includes less information while maintaining relevance and credibility and using graphs and colors to enhance visual appeal. Maintaining clinical autonomy was important to GPs, as they wanted the capacity to override GlycASSIST's recommendations when appropriate. Clinicians requested easier screen navigation and greater prescribing guidance and capabilities. CONCLUSIONS GlycASSIST was perceived to achieve its purpose of facilitating treatment intensification and was acceptable to people with T2D and GPs. The GlycASSIST prototype is being refined based on these findings to prepare for quantitative evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne E Kunstler
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Furler
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Holmes-Truscott
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hamish McLachlan
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Douglas Boyle
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sean Lo
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Speight
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ralph Audehm
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Kilov
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Shaveta S, Singh J, Afzal M, Kaur R, Imam SS, Alruwaili NK, Alharbi KS, Alotaibi NH, Alshammari MS, Kazmi I, Yasir M, Goyel A, Ameeduzzafar. Development of solid lipid nanoparticle as carrier of pioglitazone for amplification of oral efficacy: Formulation design optimization, in-vitro characterization and in-vivo biological evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Third-Line Antidiabetic Therapy Intensification Patterns and Glycaemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in the USA: A Real-World Study. Drugs 2020; 80:477-487. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ceriello A, deValk HW, Guerci B, Haak T, Owens D, Canobbio M, Fritzen K, Stautner C, Schnell O. The burden of type 2 diabetes in Europe: Current and future aspects of insulin treatment from patient and healthcare spending perspectives. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 161:108053. [PMID: 32035117 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to the progressive nature of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), initiation of insulin therapy is very likely in the disease continuum. This article aims at highlighting the current situation with regard to insulin therapy in people with T2DM in Europe and at presenting the associated unmet need. Challenges for both people with T2DM and healthcare professionals include clinical inertia also derived from fear of hypoglycaemia, weight gain and injections as well as increased need for a comprehensive diabetes management. We compare national and international guidelines and recommendations for the initiation and intensification of insulin therapy with the real-world situation in six European countries, demonstrating that glycaemic targets are only met in a minority of people with T2DM on insulin therapy. Furthermore, this work evaluates currently recorded numbers of people with T2DM treated with insulin in Europe, the proportion not achieving the stated glycaemic targets and thus in need to enhance insulin therapy e.g. by a change in means of insulin delivery including, but not limited to, insulin pens, wearable mealtime insulin delivery patches, patch pumps, and conventional insulin pumps with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harold W deValk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guerci
- Endocrinology, Diabetology & Nutrition Clinical Unit, Brabois Hospital & Center of Clinical Investigation ILCV, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nancy, University of Lorraine Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Haak
- Diabetes Klinik Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - David Owens
- Diabetes Research Unit Cymru, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | | | | | | | - Oliver Schnell
- Sciarc GmbH, Baierbrunn, Germany; Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
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