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Ma L, Tang J, Chen F, Liu Q, Huang J, Liu X, Zhou Z, Yi W. Structure-based screening, optimization and biological evaluation of novel chrysin-based derivatives as selective PPARγ modulators for the treatment of T2DM and hepatic steatosis. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116728. [PMID: 39089002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
In consideration of several serious side effects induced by the classical AF-2 involved "lock" mechanism, recently disclosed PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation mode of action has become an alternative and mainstream mechanism for currently PPARγ-based drug discovery and development with an improved therapeutic index. In this study, by virtue of structure-based virtual high throughput screening (SB-VHTS), structurally chemical optimization by targeting the inhibition of the PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation as well as in vitro biological evaluation, which led to the final identification of a chrysin-based potential hit (YGT-31) as a novel selective PPARγ modulator with potent binding affinity and partial agonism. Further in vivo evaluation demonstrated that YGT-31 possessed potent glucose-lowering and relieved hepatic steatosis effects without involving the TZD-associated side effects. Mechanistically, YGT-31 presented such desired therapeutic index, mainly because it effectively inhibited the CDK5-mediated PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation, selectively elevated the level of insulin sensitivity-related Glut4 and adiponectin but decreased the expression of insulin-resistance-associated genes PTP1B and SOCS3 as well as inflammation-linked genes IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα. Finally, the molecular docking study was also conducted to uncover an interesting hydrogen-bonding network of YGT-31 with PPARγ-Ser273 phosphorylation-related key residues Ser342 and Glu343, which not only gave a clear verification for our targeting modification but also provided a proof of concept for the abovementioned molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Junyuan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China; Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Shaoyang University, Shao Shui Xi Road, Shaoyang, 422100, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Junjun Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Xiawen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
| | - Wei Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
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Li XC, Zhu XY, Wang YY, Tong SL, Chen ZL, Lu ZY, Zhang JH, Song LL, Wang XH, Zhang C, Sun YH, Zhong CY, Su LH, Wang LX, Huang XY. Canagliflozin alleviates pulmonary hypertension by activating PPARγ and inhibiting its S225 phosphorylation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1861-1878. [PMID: 38719955 PMCID: PMC11335861 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive fatal disease with no cure. Canagliflozin (CANA), a novel medication for diabetes, has been found to have remarkable cardiovascular benefits. However, few studies have addressed the effect and pharmacological mechanism of CANA in the treatment of PH. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the effect and pharmacological mechanism of CANA in treating PH. First, CANA suppressed increased pulmonary artery pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and vascular remodeling in both mouse and rat PH models. Network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and biological results suggested that CANA could ameliorate PH by suppressing excessive oxidative stress and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation partially through the activation of PPARγ. Further studies demonstrated that CANA inhibited phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser225 (a novel serine phosphorylation site in PPARγ), thereby promoting the nuclear translocation of PPARγ and increasing its ability to resist oxidative stress and proliferation. Taken together, our study not only highlighted the potential pharmacological effect of CANA on PH but also revealed that CANA-induced inhibition of PPARγ Ser225 phosphorylation increases its capacity to counteract oxidative stress and inhibits proliferation. These findings may stimulate further research and encourage future clinical trials exploring the therapeutic potential of CANA in PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Chun Li
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xia-Yan Zhu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yang-Yue Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | | | - Zhi-Li Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zi-Yi Lu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | | | - Lan-Lan Song
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xing-Hong Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Yi-Han Sun
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | | | - Li-Huang Su
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Liang-Xing Wang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Interdiscipline and Translational Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Heart and Lung, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Li B, Qian Q, Niu L, Wang X. Multi-omics reveals protective effects of Ling Gui Zhu Gan Decoction on hyperlipidaemia in hamster. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35426. [PMID: 39253150 PMCID: PMC11382051 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Ling Gui Zhu Gan decoction (LGZGD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that is widely used in cardiovascular disease clinical prevention and treatment with high efficacy. Recent studies have shown that LGZGD can also be used in hyperlipidemia (HL) intervention, but its pharmacodynamic material basis and its mechanisms remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the protective effects of LGZGD on HL, elucidate the pharmacodynamic material basis. The hamster HL model was established by high-fat diet. Thereafter, non-targeted metabolomics and quantitative lipidomics were established for screening differential metabolites and pathways. Finally, the mechanisms were elucidated based on network pharmacology to screen for shared targets, which were computational selected by molecular docking. After four weeks of LGZGD administration, the TC, TG, and liver index levels decreased notably and hepatocyte injury was obviously reduced. The Multi-omics identified 62 differential metabolites and 144 differential lipids, respectively. The network pharmacology study predicted 343, 85, and 974 relevant targets from LGZGD components, HL, differential metabolites and lipids, respectively. Eventually, seven core targets were selected by molecular docking. Six key components in LGZGD, including genistein and naringenin, could play a therapeutic role in HL by regulating seven pathways, including HMGCR and PPARA. This comprehensive strategy provides a promising example and approach for further research on TCM for the treatment of lipid metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Li
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Engineering & Technology Innovate Center, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Qi Qian
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Engineering & Technology Innovate Center, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Liying Niu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Engineering & Technology Innovate Center, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
| | - Xinguo Wang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule Engineering & Technology Innovate Center, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
- Quality Evaluation & Standardization Hebei Province Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050091, China
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Haas B, Hass MDS, Voltz A, Vogel M, Walther J, Biswas A, Hass D, Pfeifer A. Sulfonylureas exert antidiabetic action on adipocytes by inhibition of PPARγ serine 273 phosphorylation. Mol Metab 2024; 85:101956. [PMID: 38735390 PMCID: PMC11112612 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sulfonylureas (SUs) are still among the mostly prescribed antidiabetic drugs with an established mode of action: release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. In addition, effects of SUs on adipocytes by activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) have been described, which might explain their insulin-sensitizing potential observed in patients. However, there is a discrepancy between the impact of SUs on antidiabetic action and their rather moderate in vitro effect on PPARγ transcriptional activity. Recent studies have shown that some PPARγ ligands can improve insulin sensitivity by blocking PPARγ Ser-273 phosphorylation without having full agonist activity. It is unknown if SUs elicit their antidiabetic effects on adipocytes by inhibition of PPARγ phosphorylation. Here, we investigated if binding of SUs to PPARγ can interfere with PPARγ Ser-273 phosphorylation and determined their antidiabetic actions in vitro in primary human white adipocytes and in vivo in high-fat diet (HFD) obese mice. METHODS Primary human white preadipocytes were differentiated in the presence of glibenclamide, glimepiride and PPARγ ligands rosiglitazone and SR1664 to compare PPARγ Ser-273 phosphorylation, glucose uptake and adipokine expression. Transcriptional activity at PPARγ was determined by luciferase assays, quantification of PPARγ Ser-273 phosphorylation was determined by Western blotting and CDK5 kinase assays. In silico modelling was performed to gain insight into the binding characteristics of SUs to PPARγ. HFD mice were administered SUs and rosiglitazone for 6 days. PPARγ Ser-273 phosphorylation in white adipose tissue (WAT), body composition, glucose tolerance, adipocyte morphology and expression levels of genes involved in PPARγ activity in WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were evaluated. RESULTS SUs inhibit phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser-273 in primary human white adipocytes and exhibit a positive antidiabetic expression profile, which is characterized by up regulation of insulin-sensitizing and down regulation of insulin resistance-inducing adipokines. We demonstrate that SUs directly bind to PPARγ by in silico modelling and inhibit phosphorylation in kinase assays to a similar extend as rosiglitazone and SR1664. In HFD mice SUs reduce PPARγ phosphorylation in WAT and have comparable effects on gene expression to rosiglitazone. In BAT SUs increase UCP1 expression and reduce lipid droplets sizes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that a part of SUs extra-pancreatic effects on adipocytes in vitro and in vivo is probably mediated via their interference with PPARγ phosphorylation rather than via classical agonistic activity at clinical concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Haas
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Moritz David Sebastian Hass
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany; Sonnen-Gesundheitszentrum - MVZ for Hemostaseology, Rheumathology, Endocrinology, General Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Voltz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Walther
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Hass
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Liu Q, Ma L, Chen F, Zhang S, Huang Z, Zheng X, Chen Z, Ye J, Hou N, Yi W, Zhou Z. Raloxifene-driven benzothiophene derivatives: Discovery, structural refinement, and biological evaluation as potent PPARγ modulators based on drug repurposing. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116325. [PMID: 38527378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
By virtue of the drug repurposing strategy, the anti-osteoporosis drug raloxifene was identified as a novel PPARγ ligand through structure-based virtual high throughput screening (SB-VHTS) of FDA-approved drugs and TR-FRET competitive binding assay. Subsequent structural refinement of raloxifene led to the synthesis of a benzothiophene derivative, YGL-12. This compound exhibited potent PPARγ modulation with partial agonism, uniquely promoting adiponectin expression and inhibiting PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation by CDK5 without inducing the expression of adipongenesis associated genes, including PPARγ, aP2, CD36, FASN and C/EBPα. This specific activity profile resulted in effective hypoglycemic properties, avoiding major TZD-related adverse effects like weight gain and hepatomegaly, which were demonstrated in db/db mice. Molecular docking studies showed that YGL-12 established additional hydrogen bonds with Ile281 and enhanced hydrogen-bond interaction with Ser289 as well as PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation-related residues Ser342 and Glu343. These findings suggested YGL-12 as a promising T2DM therapeutic candidate, thereby providing a molecular framework for the development of novel PPARγ modulators with an enhanced therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Shuyun Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Zexin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Zikai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Junwei Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Ning Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
| | - Wei Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.
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Xia J, Wang Z, Yu P, Yan X, Zhao J, Zhang G, Gong D, Zeng Z. Effect of Different Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat-Diet Induced Obese Rats. Foods 2024; 13:241. [PMID: 38254542 PMCID: PMC10815142 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity can be associated with significant metabolic disorders. Our previous study found that medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) improved lipid metabolism in obese rats. However, scant attention has been given to exploring the impact of MCTs on glucose metabolism in obese rats. This study is designed to examine the effects and mechanisms of three distinct MCTs on glucose metabolism in obese rats. To induce obesity, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet, followed by a 12-week treatment with caprylic triglyceride (CYT), capric triglyceride (CT), and lauric triglyceride (LT). The results showed that three types of MCT intervention reduced the levels of lipids (TC, TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c), hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (insulin, OGTT, HOMA-IR, and ISI), and inflammatory markers (IL-4, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in obese rats (p < 0.01), The above parameters have been minimally improved in the high-fat restoring group (HR) group. MCTs can modulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to alleviate insulin resistance and improve glucose metabolism in obese rats. Furthermore, MCTs can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and reduce the phosphorylation of PPARγser237 mediated by CDK5, which can improve insulin sensitivity without lipid deposition in obese rats. Among the MCT group, CT administration performed the best in the above pathways, with the lowest blood glucose level and insulin resistance. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the connection between health benefits and the specific type of MCT employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhixin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (J.X.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xianghui Yan
- School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Junxin Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China;
| | - Deming Gong
- New Zealand Institute of Natural Medicine Research, 8 Ha Crescent, Auckland 2104, New Zealand;
| | - Zheling Zeng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Edible and Medicinal Resources Exploitation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resource, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Qin T, Gao X, Lei L, Feng J, Zhang W, Hu Y, Shen Z, Liu Z, Huan Y, Wu S, Xia J, Zhang L. Machine learning- and structure-based discovery of a novel chemotype as FXR agonists for potential treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115307. [PMID: 37003047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a promising target for drug discovery against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, no FXR agonist has been approved for NAFLD so far. The R & D of FXR agonists are somewhat hindered by the lack of effective and safe chemotypes. To this end, we developed a multi-stage computational workflow to screen the Specs and ChemDiv chemical library for FXR agonists, which consisted of machine learning (ML)-based classifiers, shape-based and electrostatic-based models, a FRED-based molecular docking protocol, an ADMET prediction protocol and substructure search. As a result, we identified a novel chemotype that has never been reported before, with compound XJ02862 (ChemDiv ID: Y020-6413) as the representative. By designing an asymmetric synthesis strategy, we were able to prepare four isomers of compound XJ02862. Interestingly, one of the isomers, 2-((S)-1-((2S,4R)-2-methyl-4-(phenylamino)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-1(2H)-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)hexahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (XJ02862-S2), showed potent FXR agonistic activity in HEK293T cells. The molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and site-directed mutagenesis suggested the hydrogen bond between compound XJ02862-S2 and HIS294 of FXR is essential for ligand binding. We further demonstrated that compound XJ02862-S2 had no agonistic effect on TGR5. Further biological experiments have shown that compound XJ02862-S2 could ameliorate hypercholesterolemia, hepatic steatosis, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR) in high-fat-diet induced obese (DIO) mice. In term of molecular mechanism, compound XJ02862-S2 regulates the expression of FXR downstream genes involved in lipogenesis, cholesterol transport and bile acid biosynthesis and transport. Taken together, we have discovered a novel chemotype as potent FXR agonists for NAFLD by computational modeling, chemical synthesis and biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jie Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of New Drug Research and Development, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Ma L, Tang J, Cai G, Chen F, Liu Q, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Liu X, Hou N, Yi W. Structure-based screening and biological validation of the anti-thrombotic drug-dicoumarol as a novel and potent PPARγ-modulating ligand. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Structural optimization and biological evaluation of 1-adamantylcarbonyl-4-phenylpiperazine derivatives as FXR agonists for NAFLD. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Wang Q, Wang L, Abdullah ., Tian W, Song M, Cao Y, Xiao J. Co-delivery of EGCG and Lycopene via a Pickering Double Emulsion induced Synergistic Hypolipidemic Effect. Food Funct 2022; 13:3419-3430. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of “synergy” and its applications has rapidly increased in the food industry as a practical strategy to preserve and improve health-promoting effects of the functional ingredients. In this...
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Ma L, Lian Y, Tang J, Chen F, Gao H, Zhou Z, Hou N, Yi W. Identification of the anti-fungal drug fenticonazole nitrate as a novel PPARγ-modulating ligand with good therapeutic index: Structure-based screening and biological validation. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105860. [PMID: 34461220 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, SB-VHTS of the old drug library was conducted to seek for novel PPARγ ligand. In the end, an antifungal drug, FN, was identified in vitro and in vivo as a new and potent PPARγ-modulating ligand to demonstrate significantly anti-diabetic and anti-NAFLD efficacies with minimized side effects induced by PPARγ full agonists TZDs drugs. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that FN showed such desired pharmacological properties mainly through selectively activating the expressions of Adiponectin and GLUT4, effectively promoting the Akt Ser473 phosphorylation, inhibiting the expressions of proinflammatory genes including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and blocking the PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation mediated by CDK5 without leading to adipogenesis and increasing the expressions of key adipogenic genes CD36, AP2, LPL, C/EBPα, FASN and PPARγ. Subsequently, a molecular docking study revealed an interesting binding mode between FN and PPARγ LBD including the hydrogen-bonding network among oxygen atom, sulfur atom and nitrogen atom in FN respectively with the PPARγ residues Cys285, Tyr327 and Ser342, which gave proof of concept for the above anti-diabetic action mechanism. Taken together, our findings not only suggest that FN can serve as the new, safe and highly efficacious anti-diabetic and anti-NAFLD agents for clinical use, they can also provide a molecular basis for the future development of PPARγ modulators with a high therapeutic index and the possibility to explore new uses of old drugs for immediate drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Yuling Lian
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Junyuan Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
| | - Ning Hou
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
| | - Wei Yi
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation & Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, China.
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12
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Della Pepa G, Russo M, Vitale M, Carli F, Vetrani C, Masulli M, Riccardi G, Vaccaro O, Gastaldelli A, Rivellese AA, Bozzetto L. Pioglitazone even at low dosage improves NAFLD in type 2 diabetes: clinical and pathophysiological insights from a subgroup of the TOSCA.IT randomised trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 178:108984. [PMID: 34311022 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) share pathophysiological mechanisms and possible therapeutic strategies. We evaluated the effects of 1-year treatment with pioglitazone or sulphonylureas on indirect indices of NAFLD in people with T2D and the role of insulin-resistance and glucotoxicity in determining these effects. METHODS Patients with T2D (n = 195) aged 50-75 years, poorly controlled with metformin 2 g/day, were randomly allocated to add-on pioglitazone (n = 98) or sulphonylureas (n = 97) within the TOSCA.IT trial. Plasma insulin, glucose, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and after 1-year. Indirect indices of NAFLD (Liver Fat Equation [LFE], Hepatic Steatosis Index [HSI], and Index of NASH [ION]), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, Visceral Adiposity Index [VAI] and adipose tissue Insulin Resistance [ADIPO-IR]) were calculated. RESULTS Indices of NAFLD improved after pioglitazone, but not after sulphonylureas; differences between changes (1-year minus baseline) were respectively: -1.76 ± 3.84 vs. 0.28 ± 3.75 for LFE; -1.35 ± 2.78 vs. -0.27 ± 2.63 for HSI; -9.75 ± 43 vs. 3.24 ± 31 for ION; p < 0.05 for all. Indices of insulin resistance decreased after pioglitazone, but not after sulphonylureas: -0.95 ± 4.57 vs. 0.37 ± 3.34 for HOMA-IR, p = 0.032; -1.25 ± 4.11 vs. 1.36 ± 5.43 for ADIPO-IR, p = 0.001; -0.53 ± 1.88 vs. 0.03 ± 2.36 for VAI, p = 0.074. Changes in NAFLD indices were similar with different doses of pioglitazone (15, 30, or 45 mg/day), and were independent of blood glucose control. CONCLUSIONS One-year treatment with pioglitazone even at low dosage significantly improved liver steatosis and inflammation, systemic and adipose tissue insulin resistance in patients with T2D. The beneficial effects of pioglitazone on NAFLD were independent of blood glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Russo
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy; University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Vaccaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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13
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Gastaldelli A, Stefan N, Häring HU. Liver-targeting drugs and their effect on blood glucose and hepatic lipids. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1461-1479. [PMID: 33877366 PMCID: PMC8187191 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) and the high prevalence among individuals with type 2 diabetes has attracted the attention of clinicians specialising in liver disorders. Many drugs are in the pipeline for the treatment of NAFLD/NASH, and several glucose-lowering drugs are now being tested specifically for the treatment of liver disease. Among these are nuclear hormone receptor agonists (e.g. peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, farnesoid X receptor agonists and liver X receptor agonists), fibroblast growth factor-19 and -21, single, dual or triple incretins, sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors, drugs that modulate lipid or other metabolic pathways (e.g. inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1) or drugs that target the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. We have reviewed the metabolic effects of these drugs in relation to improvement of diabetic hyperglycaemia and fatty liver disease, as well as peripheral metabolism and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
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14
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Luo YC, Huang SH, Pathak N, Chuang YH, Yang JM. An integrated systematic approach for investigating microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation (MENS) efficacy in STZ-induced diabetes mellitus. Life Sci 2021; 279:119650. [PMID: 34048807 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder and an increasing health problem worldwide. Effective non-invasive therapies for DM are still lacking. Here, we have developed Microcurrent electrical nerve stimulation (MENS), a non-invasive therapy, and tested on 46 mice clustered into five groups, such as control, STZ-induced DM, and MENS treatment groups. Experimental results show that MENS treatment is able to improve seven biochemical indexes (e.g., hemoglobin A1c and glucose level). To investigate the mechanisms of MENS treatment on STZ-induced DM, we selected six representative samples to perform microarray experiments for several groups and developed an integrated Hierarchical System Biology Model (HiSBiM) to analyze these omics data. The results indicate that MENS can affect fatty acid metabolism pathways, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and cell cycle. Additionally, the DM biochemical indexes and omics data profiles of MENS treatment were found to be consistent. We then compared the therapeutic effects of MENS with anti-diabetic compounds (e.g., quercetin, metformin, and rosiglitazone), using the HiSBiM four-level biological functions and processes of multiple omics data. The results show MENS and these anti-diabetic compounds have similar effect pathways highly correlated to the diabetes processes, such as the PPAR signaling pathway, bile secretion, and insulin signaling pathways. We believe that MENS is an effective and non-invasive therapy for DM and our HiSBiM is an useful method for investigating multiple omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chun Luo
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Sing-Han Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Nikhil Pathak
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Chuang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Jinn-Moon Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.
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15
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Caffeic and Chlorogenic Acids Synergistically Activate Browning Program in Human Adipocytes: Implications of AMPK- and PPAR-Mediated Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249740. [PMID: 33371201 PMCID: PMC7766967 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are phenolic compounds claimed to be responsible for the metabolic effects of coffee and tea consumption. Along with their structural similarities, they share common mechanisms such as activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity potential of CA and CGA as co-treatment in human adipocytes. The molecular interactions of CA and CGA with key adipogenic transcription factors were simulated through an in silico molecular docking approach. The expression levels of white and brown adipocyte markers, as well as genes related to lipid metabolism, were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses. Mechanistically, the CA/CGA combination induced lipolysis, upregulated AMPK and browning gene expression and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at both transcriptional and protein levels. The gene expression profiles of the CA/CGA-co-treated adipocytes strongly resembled brown-like signatures. Major pathways identified included the AMPK- and PPAR-related signaling pathways. Collectively, these findings indicated that CA/CGA co-stimulation exerted a browning-inducing potential superior to that of either compound used alone which merits implementation in obesity management. Further, the obtained data provide additional insights on how CA and CGA modify adipocyte function, differentiation and lipid metabolism.
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16
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Huan Y, Pan X, Peng J, Jia C, Sun S, Bai G, Wang X, Zhou T, Li R, Liu S, Li C, Liu Q, Liu Z, Shen Z. A novel specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulator YR4-42 ameliorates hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese mice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:2553-2563. [PMID: 31364797 PMCID: PMC6851555 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate a novel tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative YR4-42 as a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) modulator (SPPARM) and explore its anti-diabetic effects in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using two standard full PPARγ agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone as controls, the PPARγ binding affinity and transactivation action of YR4-42 were evaluated using biochemical and cell-based reporter gene assays. The capacity of YR4-42 to recruit coactivators of PPARγ was also assessed. The effects of YR4-42 on adipogenesis and glucose consumption and PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation were investigated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The effects of YR4-42 and pioglitazone, serving as positive control, on glucose and lipids metabolism were investigated in high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice. The expression of PPARγ target genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism was also assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In vitro biochemical and cell-based functional assays showed that YR4-42 has much weaker binding affinity, transactivation, and recruitment to PPARγ of the coactivators thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein complex 220 kDa component (TRAP220) and PPARγ coactivator 1-α (PGC1α) compared to full agonists. In 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, YR4-42 significantly improved glucose consumption without a lipogenesis effect, while blocking tumour necrosis factor α-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser273, thereby upregulating the expression of the PPARγ Ser273 phosphorylation-dependent genes. Furthermore, in DIO mice, oral administration of YR4-42 ameliorated the hyperglycaemia, with a similar insulin sensitization effect to that of pioglitazone. Importantly, YR4-42 also improved hyperlipidaemia-associated hepatic steatosis without weight gain, which avoids a major side effect of pioglitazone. Thus, YR4-42 appeared to selectively modulate PPARγ responses. This finding was supported by the gene expression analysis, which showed that YR4-42 selectively targets PPARγ-regulated genes mapped to glucose and lipid metabolism in DIO mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that YR4-42 is a novel anti-diabetic drug candidate with significant advantages compared to standard PPARγ agonists. YR4-42 should be further investigated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chunming Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Sujuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Guoliang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | | | - Rongcui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Shuainan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Caina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhanzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Key laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs of BeijingInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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