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Singh L, Kumar A, Rai M, Basnet B, Rai N, Khanal P, Lai KS, Cheng WH, Asaad AM, Ansari S. Spectrum of COVID-19 induced liver injury: A review report. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:517-536. [PMID: 38689748 PMCID: PMC11056898 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused changes in the global health system, causing significant setbacks in healthcare systems worldwide. This pandemic has also shown resilience, flexibility, and creativity in reacting to the tragedy. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection targets most of the respiratory tract, resulting in a severe sickness called acute respiratory distress syndrome that may be fatal in some individuals. Although the lung is the primary organ targeted by COVID-19 viruses, the clinical aspect of the disease is varied and ranges from asymptomatic to respiratory failure. However, due to an unorganized immune response and several affected mechanisms, the liver may also experience liver cell injury, ischemic liver dysfunction, and drug-induced liver injury, which can result in respiratory failure because of the immune system's disordered response and other compromised processes that can end in multisystem organ failure. Patients with liver cirrhosis or those who have impaired immune systems may be more likely than other groups to experience worse results from the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We thus intend to examine the pathogenesis, current therapy, and consequences of liver damage concerning COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokjan Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Maya Rai
- Department of Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Science, Teaching Hospital, Jumla 21200, Karnali, Nepal
| | - Bibek Basnet
- Health Sciences, Asian College of Advance Studies, Purbanchal University, Satdobato 24122, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Nishant Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Kok-Song Lai
- Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wan-Hee Cheng
- Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed Morad Asaad
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Shamshul Ansari
- Division of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi 41012, United Arab Emirates.
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Nyasulu PS, Tamuzi JL. Epidemiology, clinical profiles, and prognostic value of COVID-19-related cutaneous manifestations in African populations: a rapid narrative review. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:10-22. [PMID: 37965793 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin manifestations' true prognostic value, and clinical and epidemiological pictures in SARS-CoV-2 infection in African populations are poorly described and understudied. More familiarity with COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations may aid in early clinical diagnosis or guide prognosis. METHODS In this literature review, we looked for potential studies published from December 2019 to March 2023 on COVID-19 cutaneous lesions in African populations. Our key questions were focused on the prognostic values of cutaneous manifestations related to COVID-19. RESULTS Our findings show that cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 vary by country and severity of COVID-19, primarily multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS). Significant differences were also found between various dermatological lesions, primarily MIS, erythema multiforme-like, livedoid, vesicular, or varicella-like rashes, urticarial, maculopapular or morbilliform rashes, and chilblain-like or pernio-like rashes. There were 47.5% (115/242) of MIS cases reported in nine published African studies. Our findings also revealed that MIS may be diagnosed in 2-7 days due to early onset rash. Advanced age, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HIV, tuberculosis, asthma, atopic disease, underweight, malnutrition, and malignancy were found to be associated with COVID-19 cutaneous manifestations in African populations. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19-related skin manifestations in African populations are important as a driving force in COVID-19 prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Nyasulu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jacques L Tamuzi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ng CYJ, Bun HH, Zhao Y, Zhong LLD. TCM "medicine and food homology" in the management of post-COVID disorders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1234307. [PMID: 37720220 PMCID: PMC10500073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1234307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 is no longer a public health emergency of global concern on May 5, 2023. Post-COVID disorders are, however, becoming more common. Hence, there lies a growing need to develop safe and effective treatment measures to manage post-COVID disorders. Investigating the use of TCM medicinal foods in the long-term therapy of post-COVID illnesses may be beneficial given contemporary research's emphasis on the development of medicinal foods. Scope and approach The use of medicinal foods for the long-term treatment of post-COVID disorders is highlighted in this review. Following a discussion of the history of the TCM "Medicine and Food Homology" theory, the pathophysiological effects of post-COVID disorders will be briefly reviewed. An analysis of TCM medicinal foods and their functions in treating post-COVID disorders will then be provided before offering some insight into potential directions for future research and application. Key findings and discussion TCM medicinal foods can manage different aspects of post-COVID disorders. The use of medicinal foods in the long-term management of post-COVID illnesses may be a safe and efficient therapy choice because they are typically milder in nature than chronic drug use. These findings may also be applied in the long-term post-disease treatment of similar respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester Yan Jie Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hung Hung Bun
- The University of Hong Kong (HKU) School of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda L. D. Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Mahdiabadi S, Momtazmanesh S, Karimi A, Rezaei N. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and review of characteristics. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2023; 23:1281-1293. [PMID: 37908134 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2278509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are one of the most promising approaches toward advanced melanoma. Here, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of all studied ICIs. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search to identify the relevant publications (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42023470649). Then we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of different ICIs for metastatic melanoma. We used Cochrane's tool to assess the quality of studies. The outcome measures were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS Twenty reports of RCTs entered our systematic review, 18 of which were included in our data analysis. ICIs showed improved survival compared with control group (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.43-0.71; P<0.001). Using a meta-regression, we found a significant relation between patients' mean age and their OS (P<0.001, R 2 = 100.00%). Also, our analysis revealed greater HR for CTLA-4 inhibitors than PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (HR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.63-0.79, P<0.001 vs. HR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.46-0.79, P<0.001). The effect sizes of different types of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were comparable. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ICI-based immunotherapy is associated with enhanced OS, PFS, and RFS (P < 0.001) and will assist clinicians in choosing the optimal approach toward treating metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mahdiabadi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Network of Dermatology Research (NDR), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Network of Dermatology Research (NDR), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Herzum
- Dermatology Unit, U.O.C. Dermatologia e Centro Angiomi, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
| | - Gianmaria Viglizzo
- Dermatology Unit, U.O.C. Dermatologia e Centro Angiomi, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Lodovica Gariazzo
- Dermatology Unit, U.O.C. Dermatologia e Centro Angiomi, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ferro
- Fetal and Perinatal Pathology Unit, U.O.C. Anatomia Patologica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Valerio Gaetano Vellone
- Fetal and Perinatal Pathology Unit, U.O.C. Anatomia Patologica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
| | - Corrado Occella
- Dermatology Unit, U.O.C. Dermatologia e Centro Angiomi, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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