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Jurek L, Sevil M, Jay A, Schröder C, Baghdadli A, Héry-Arnaud G, Geoffray MM. Is there a dysbiosis in individuals with a neurodevelopmental disorder compared to controls over the course of development? A systematic review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1671-1694. [PMID: 32385698 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many scientific papers reported that an unbalanced gut microbiota could lead to or worsen neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). A dysbiosis may then be observed in the course of development and mark a dysfunction within what is called the gut-brain axis. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate potential evidence of dysbiosis in children and young adults with NDD compared to controls. Using the PRISMA guidelines we systematically reviewed studies that compared the gut microbiota in NDD participants (with an age inferior to thirty) to the gut microbiota of controls, regardless of the data analysis methods used. The MEDLINE, Scopus and PsycINFO databases were searched up to September 2018. 31 studies with a total sample size of 3002 ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) and 84 ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) participants were included in this systematic review. Independent data extraction and quality assessment were conducted. The quality of the studies was rated from low to high. Population characterization and experimental methods were highly heterogeneous in terms of the data available, selection of criteria, and dysbiosis measurement. A dysbiosis was reported in 28 studies in terms of either diversity, bacterial composition or metabolome dysfunction. Due to heterogeneity, a quantitative synthesis was not applicable. In this paper, we discuss the different biases to understand the complexity of microbiota and neurodevelopmental disorders to provide leads for future cohort studies looking to answer the questions raised by the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit key body niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jurek
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Departement, Center for Assessment and Diagnostic of Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France.
- Health Services and Performance Research EA7425, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University (CBL1), Lyon, France.
| | - Marine Sevil
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Departement, Center for Assessment and Diagnostic of Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Agathe Jay
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Departement, Center for Assessment and Diagnostic of Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Carmen Schröder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UPR 3212, Team 9 Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences (INCI), Strasbourg, France
| | - Amaria Baghdadli
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Departement, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- INSERM U1178 Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie Et Santé Des Populations (CESP), Paris Sud University (UPS) Et Versailles Saint Quentin University (UVSQ), Versailles, France
| | - Geneviève Héry-Arnaud
- UMR1078, Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle Et Biotechnologies, INSERM, Université de Brest, EFS, IBSAM, Brest, France
- Unité de Bactériologie, Pôle de Biologie-Pathologie, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Marie-Maude Geoffray
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Departement, Center for Assessment and Diagnostic of Autism, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
- Health Services and Performance Research EA7425, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University (CBL1), Lyon, France
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Kalenik A, Kardaś K, Rahnama A, Sirojć K, Wolańczyk T. Gut microbiota and probiotic therapy in ADHD: A review of current knowledge. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110277. [PMID: 33561522 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. The etiology of the disorder is multi-factorial, with a main focus on genetic factors. However, emerging research shows the involvement of changes and imbalances in the intestinal microbiota. Evidence for the influence of gut microbiota on brain development and neurogenesis is clear. We present a review of emerging research on the microbiota in the ADHD population. The aim of this study was to summarize the current state of knowledge on ADHD, to identify gaps in knowledge, as well as to indicate the directions of new research. Thanks to the researchers that would be possible to better understand the complexity of ADHD etiology, especially the role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of the disorder. Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were used while writing the review. Numerous studies show that probiotic supplementation can have a positive effect on the course of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ADHD. Unfortunately, clinical studies that were identified are mostly inconclusive, and more high-quality research is needed to produce robust evidence for therapy based on interventions targeting microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kalenik
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Kardaś
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rahnama
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sirojć
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolańczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Sinha R, Goedert JJ, Vogtmann E, Hua X, Porras C, Hayes R, Safaeian M, Yu G, Sampson J, Ahn J, Shi J. Quantification of Human Microbiome Stability Over 6 Months: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:1282-1290. [PMID: 29608646 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal variation in microbiome measurements can reduce statistical power in research studies. Quantification of this variation is essential for designing studies of chronic disease. We analyzed 16S ribosomal RNA profiles in paired biological specimens separated by 6 months from 3 studies conducted during 1985-2013 (a National Cancer Institute colorectal cancer study, a Costa Rica study, and the Human Microbiome Project). We evaluated temporal stability by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Sample sizes needed in order to detect microbiome differences between equal numbers of cases and controls for a nested case-control design were calculated on the basis of estimated ICCs. Across body sites, 12 phylum-level ICCs were greater than 0.5. Similarly, 11 alpha-diversity ICCs were greater than 0.5. Fecal beta-diversity estimates had ICCs over 0.5. For a single collection with most microbiome metrics, detecting an odds ratio of 2.0 would require 300-500 cases when matching 1 case to 1 control at P = 0.05. Use of 2 or 3 sequential specimens reduces the number of required subjects by 40%-50% for low-ICC metrics. Relative abundances of major phyla and alpha-diversity metrics have low temporal stability. Thus, detecting associations of moderate effect size with these metrics will require large sample sizes. Because beta diversity for feces is reasonably stable over time, smaller sample sizes can detect associations with community composition. Sequential prediagnostic specimens from thousands of prospectively ascertained cases are required to detect modest disease associations with particular microbiome metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Vogtmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Carolina Porras
- Costa Rican Agency for Biomedical Research-INCIENSA Foundation, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Richard Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Mahboobeh Safaeian
- Department of Medical and Scientific Affairs, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | - Guoqin Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Vogtmann E, Goedert JJ. Epidemiologic studies of the human microbiome and cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:237-42. [PMID: 26730578 PMCID: PMC4742587 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiome, which includes the collective genome of all bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses found in and on the human body, is altered in many diseases and may substantially affect cancer risk. Previously detected associations of individual bacteria (e.g., Helicobacter pylori), periodontal disease, and inflammation with specific cancers have motivated studies considering the association between the human microbiome and cancer risk. This short review summarises microbiome research, focusing on published epidemiological associations with gastric, oesophageal, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, lung, colorectal, and other cancers. Large, prospective studies of the microbiome that employ multidisciplinary laboratory and analysis methods, as well as rigorous validation of case status, are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, screening, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Vogtmann
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James J Goedert
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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