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Zhou Y, Zhang X, Baker JS, Davison GW, Yan X. Redox signaling and skeletal muscle adaptation during aerobic exercise. iScience 2024; 27:109643. [PMID: 38650987 PMCID: PMC11033207 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox regulation is a fundamental physiological phenomenon related to oxygen-dependent metabolism, and skeletal muscle is mainly regarded as a primary site for oxidative phosphorylation. Several studies have revealed the importance of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the signaling process relating to muscle adaptation during exercise. To date, improving knowledge of redox signaling in modulating exercise adaptation has been the subject of comprehensive work and scientific inquiry. The primary aim of this review is to elucidate the molecular and biochemical pathways aligned to RONS as activators of skeletal muscle adaptation and to further identify the interconnecting mechanisms controlling redox balance. We also discuss the RONS-mediated pathways during the muscle adaptive process, including mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle remodeling, vascular angiogenesis, neuron regeneration, and the role of exogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsong Zhou
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Wealth Management, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, China
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Gareth W. Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast BT15 IED, UK
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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2
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Nguyen TH, Paprzycki L, Legrand A, Declèves AE, Heher P, Limpens M, Belayew A, Banerji CRS, Zammit PS, Tassin A. Hypoxia enhances human myoblast differentiation: involvement of HIF1α and impact of DUX4, the FSHD causal gene. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:21. [PMID: 38104132 PMCID: PMC10724930 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is known to modify skeletal muscle biological functions and muscle regeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of hypoxia on human myoblast differentiation remain unclear. The hypoxic response pathway is of particular interest in patients with hereditary muscular dystrophies since many present respiratory impairment and muscle regeneration defects. For example, an altered hypoxia response characterizes the muscles of patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). METHODS We examined the impact of hypoxia on the differentiation of human immortalized myoblasts (LHCN-M2) cultured in normoxia (PO2: 21%) or hypoxia (PO2: 1%). Cells were grown in proliferation (myoblasts) or differentiation medium for 2 (myocytes) or 4 days (myotubes). We evaluated proliferation rate by EdU incorporation, used myogenin-positive nuclei as a differentiation marker for myocytes, and determined the fusion index and myosin heavy chain-positive area in myotubes. The contribution of HIF1α was studied by gain (CoCl2) and loss (siRNAs) of function experiments. We further examined hypoxia in LHCN-M2-iDUX4 myoblasts with inducible expression of DUX4, the transcription factor underlying FSHD pathology. RESULTS We found that the hypoxic response did not impact myoblast proliferation but activated precocious myogenic differentiation and that HIF1α was critical for this process. Hypoxia also enhanced the late differentiation of human myocytes, but in an HIF1α-independent manner. Interestingly, the impact of hypoxia on muscle cell proliferation was influenced by dexamethasone. In the FSHD pathological context, DUX4 suppressed HIF1α-mediated precocious muscle differentiation. CONCLUSION Hypoxia stimulates myogenic differentiation in healthy myoblasts, with HIF1α-dependent early steps. In FSHD, DUX4-HIF1α interplay indicates a novel mechanism by which DUX4 could interfere with HIF1α function in the myogenic program and therefore with FSHD muscle performance and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Hang Nguyen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Lise Paprzycki
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Department of Metabolic and Molecular Biochemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Philipp Heher
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Maelle Limpens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Belayew
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium
| | - Christopher R S Banerji
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, British Library, 96 Euston Rd, London, UK
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alexandra Tassin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, 7000, Belgium.
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Narkar VA. Exercise and Ischemia-Activated Pathways in Limb Muscle Angiogenesis and Vascular Regeneration. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2023; 19:58-68. [PMID: 38028974 PMCID: PMC10655757 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise has a profound effect on cardiovascular disease, particularly through vascular remodeling and regeneration. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one such cardiovascular condition that benefits from regular exercise or rehabilitative physical therapy in terms of slowing the progression of disease and delaying amputations. Various rodent pre-clinical studies using models of PAD and exercise have shed light on molecular pathways of vascular regeneration. Here, I review key exercise-activated signaling pathways (nuclear receptors, kinases, and hypoxia inducible factors) in the skeletal muscle that drive paracrine regenerative angiogenesis. The rationale for highlighting the skeletal muscle is that it is the largest organ recruited during exercise. During exercise, skeletal muscle releases several myokines, including angiogenic factors and cytokines that drive tissue vascular regeneration via activation of endothelial cells, as well as by recruiting immune and endothelial progenitor cells. Some of these core exercise-activated pathways can be extrapolated to vascular regeneration in other organs. I also highlight future areas of exercise research (including metabolomics, single cell transcriptomics, and extracellular vesicle biology) to advance our understanding of how exercise induces vascular regeneration at the molecular level, and propose the idea of "exercise-mimicking" therapeutics for vascular recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vihang A. Narkar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, Texas, US
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de Souza SLB, Mota GAF, da Silva VL, Vileigas DF, Sant'Ana PG, Gregolin CS, Figueira RL, Batah SS, Fabro AT, Murata GM, Bazan SGZ, Okoshi MP, Cicogna AC. Effects of early exercise on cardiac function and lipid metabolism pathway in heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2956-2969. [PMID: 37654004 PMCID: PMC10538274 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We employed an early training exercise program, immediately after recovery from surgery, and before severe cardiac hypertrophy, to study the underlying mechanism involved with the amelioration of cardiac dysfunction in aortic stenosis (AS) rats. As ET induces angiogenesis and oxygen support, we aimed to verify the effect of exercise on myocardial lipid metabolism disturbance. Wistar rats were divided into Sham, trained Sham (ShamT), AS and trained AS (AST). The exercise consisted of 5-week sessions of treadmill running for 16 weeks. Statistical analysis was conducted by anova or Kruskal-Wallis test and Goodman test. A global correlation between variables was also performed using a two-tailed Pearson's correlation test. AST rats displayed a higher functional capacity and a lower cardiac remodelling and dysfunction when compared to AS, as well as the myocardial capillary rarefaction was prevented. Regarding metabolic properties, immunoblotting and enzymatic assay raised beneficial effects of exercise on fatty acid transport and oxidation pathways. The correlation assessment indicated a positive correlation between variables of angiogenesis and FA utilisation, as well as between metabolism and echocardiographic parameters. In conclusion, early exercise improves exercise tolerance and attenuates cardiac structural and functional remodelling. In parallel, exercise attenuated myocardial capillary and lipid metabolism derangement in rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vitor Loureiro da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
| | | | - Paula Grippa Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
| | | | - Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
| | - Sabrina Setembre Batah
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Alexandre Todorovic Fabro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Marina Politi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical SchoolSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatuBrazil
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Identification of Key Genes and Biological Pathways Associated with Skeletal Muscle Maturation and Hypertrophy in Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243471. [PMID: 36552391 PMCID: PMC9774933 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to identify the major genes and pathways involved in the process of hypertrophy and skeletal muscle maturation that is common for Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa species. Gene expression profiles related to Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa muscle, with accession numbers GSE44030, GSE23563, and GSE38518, respectively, were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out using the Limma package of R software. Genes with Fold Change > 2 and an adjusted p-value < 0.05 were identified as significantly different between two treatments in each species. Subsequently, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Moreover, hub genes were detected by creating a protein−protein interaction network (PPI). The results of the analysis in Bos taurus showed that in the period of 280 dpc−3-months old, a total of 1839 genes showed a significant difference. In Ovis aries, however, during the period of 135dpc−2-months old, a total of 486 genes were significantly different. Additionally, in the 91 dpc−adult period, a total of 2949 genes were significantly different in Sus scrofa. The results of the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and GO function annotation in each species separately revealed that in Bos taurus, DEGs were mainly enriched through skeletal muscle fiber development and skeletal muscle contraction, and the positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation, positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development, PPAR signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. In Ovis aries, DEGs were mainly enriched through regulating cell growth, skeletal muscle fiber development, the positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation, skeletal muscle cell differentiation, and the PI3K-Akt signaling, HIF-1 signaling, and Rap1 signaling pathways. In Sus scrofa, DEGs were mainly enriched through regulating striated muscle tissue development, the negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation and myoblast differentiation, and the HIF-1 signaling, AMPK signaling, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Using a Venn diagram, 36 common DEGs were identified between Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa. A biological pathways analysis of 36 common DEGs in Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Sus scrofa allowed for the identification of common pathways/biological processes, such as myoblast differentiation, the regulation of muscle cell differentiation, and positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development, that orchestrated the development and maturation of skeletal muscle. As a result, hub genes were identified, including PPARGC1A, MYOD1, EPAS1, IGF2, CXCR4, and APOA1, in all examined species. This study provided a better understanding of the relationships between genes and their biological pathways in the skeletal muscle maturation process.
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Insight into the Effects of High-Altitude Hypoxic Exposure on Learning and Memory. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4163188. [PMID: 36160703 PMCID: PMC9492407 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4163188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The earth land area is heterogeneous in terms of elevation; about 45% of its land area belongs to higher elevation with altitude above 500 meters compared to sea level. In most cases, oxygen concentration decreases as altitude increases. Thus, high-altitude hypoxic stress is commonly faced by residents in areas with an average elevation exceeding 2500 meters and those who have just entered the plateau. High-altitude hypoxia significantly affects advanced neurobehaviors including learning and memory (L&M). Hippocampus, the integration center of L&M, could be the most crucial target affected by high-altitude hypoxia exposure. Based on these points, this review thoroughly discussed the relationship between high-altitude hypoxia and L&M impairment, in terms of hippocampal neuron apoptosis and dysfunction, neuronal oxidative stress disorder, neurotransmitters and related receptors, and nerve cell energy metabolism disorder, which is of great significance to find potential targets for medical intervention. Studies illustrate that the mechanism of L&M damaged by high-altitude hypoxia should be further investigated based on the entire review of issues related to this topic.
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Wen B, Zheng Z, Wang L, Qian X, Wang X, Chen Y, Bao J, Jiang Y, Ji K, Liu H. HIF-1α is essential for the augmentation of myometrial contractility during labor†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1540-1550. [PMID: 36094838 PMCID: PMC9752684 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine contraction is crucial for a successful labor and the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. It is enhanced by hypoxia; however, its underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. In this study, transcriptomes revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha was upregulated in laboring myometrial biopsies, while blockade of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha decreased the contractility of the myometrium and myocytes in vitro via small interfering RNA and the inhibitor, 2-methoxyestradiol. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed that hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha directly binds to the genome of contraction-associated proteins: the promoter of Gja1 and Ptgs2, and the intron of Oxtr. Silencing the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha reduced the expression of Ptgs2, Gja1, and Oxtr. Furthermore, blockade of Gja1 or Ptgs2 led to a significant decrease in myometrial contractions in the hypoxic tissue model, whereas atosiban did not remarkably influence contractility. Our study demonstrates that hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha is essential for promoting myometrial contractility under hypoxia by directly targeting Gja1 and Ptgs2, but not Oxtr. These findings help us to better understand the regulation of myometrial contractions under hypoxia and provide a promising strategy for labor management and postpartum hemorrhage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lele Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueya Qian
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshan Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Jiang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Ji
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huishu Liu
- Correspondence: Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No.9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, China. E-mail:
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8
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Korpela H, Järveläinen N, Siimes S, Lampela J, Airaksinen J, Valli K, Turunen M, Pajula J, Nurro J, Ylä-Herttuala S. Gene therapy for ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. J Intern Med 2021; 290:567-582. [PMID: 34033164 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been expected to become a novel treatment method since the structure of DNA was discovered in 1953. The morbidity from cardiovascular diseases remains remarkable despite the improvement of percutaneous interventions and pharmacological treatment, underlining the need for novel therapeutics. Gene therapy-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis could help those who have not gained sufficient symptom relief with traditional treatment methods. Especially patients with severe coronary artery disease and heart failure could benefit from gene therapy. Some clinical trials have reported improved myocardial perfusion and symptom relief in CAD patients, but few trials have come up with disappointing negative results. Translating preclinical success into clinical applications has encountered difficulties in successful transduction, study design, endpoint selection, and patient selection and recruitment. However, promising new methods for transducing the cells, such as retrograde delivery and cardiac-specific AAV vectors, hold great promise for myocardial gene therapy. This review introduces gene therapy for ischaemic heart disease and heart failure and discusses the current status and future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Korpela
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - N Järveläinen
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Siimes
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Lampela
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Airaksinen
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Valli
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Turunen
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Pajula
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Nurro
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Ylä-Herttuala
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Pircher T, Wackerhage H, Aszodi A, Kammerlander C, Böcker W, Saller MM. Hypoxic Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Maintenance and Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684899. [PMID: 34248671 PMCID: PMC8260947 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In skeletal muscle tissue, oxygen (O2) plays a pivotal role in both metabolism and the regulation of several intercellular pathways, which can modify proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells within the myogenic lineage. The concentration of oxygen in muscle tissue is reduced during embryogenesis and pathological conditions. Myogenic progenitor cells, namely satellite cells, are necessary for muscular regeneration in adults and are localized in a hypoxic microenvironment under the basal lamina, suggesting that the O2 level could affect their function. This review presents the effects of reduced oxygen levels (hypoxia) on satellite cell survival, myoblast regeneration and differentiation in vertebrates. Further investigations and understanding of the pathways involved in adult muscle regeneration during hypoxic conditions are maybe clinically relevant to seek for novel drug treatments for patients with severe muscle damage. We especially outlined the effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1A), the most studied transcriptional regulator of cellular and developmental response to hypoxia, whose investigation has recently been awarded with the Nobel price.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Pircher
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kammerlander
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michael Saller
- Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Munich University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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10
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Valle-Tenney R, Rebolledo D, Acuña MJ, Brandan E. HIF-hypoxia signaling in skeletal muscle physiology and fibrosis. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:147-158. [PMID: 32088838 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia refers to the decrease in oxygen tension in the tissues, and the central effector of the hypoxic response is the transcription factor Hypoxia-Inducible Factor α (HIF1-α). Transient hypoxia in acute events, such as exercising or regeneration after damage, play an important role in skeletal muscle physiology and homeostasis. However, sustained activation of hypoxic signaling is a feature of skeletal muscle injury and disease, which can be a consequence of chronic damage but can also increase the severity of the pathology and worsen its outcome. Here, we review evidence that supports the idea that hypoxia and HIF-1α can contribute to the establishment of fibrosis in skeletal muscle through its crosstalk with other profibrotic factors, such as Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), the induction of profibrotic cytokines expression, as is the case of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF/CCN2), or being the target of the Renin-angiotensin system (RAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Valle-Tenney
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Rebolledo
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - María José Acuña
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE Chile UC, Santiago, Chile. .,Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile. .,Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Qian FY, Li ZL, Guo YD, Gao HC, Gu LH, Le K, Xie CM, Wang B, Zhang ZJ. Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor ameliorates myopathy in a mouse model of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1265-F1273. [PMID: 31588798 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00260.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting and diminished physical performance contribute to the morbidity and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which no curative therapy exists. Accumulating evidence indicates that impaired angiogenesis occurs in the muscles of CKD models. Therefore, proangiogenesis therapy is considered a potentially effective strategy for limiting CKD-associated myopathy. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) stabilizes HIF and enhances muscle angiogenesis during acute ischemia; however, little evidence was available from CKD models. Here, we assessed whether pharmacological activation of HIF by MK-8617 (MK), a novel orally active HIF-PHI, improves CKD-associated myopathy. Mice were divided into sham or CKD groups, and CKD mice were subdivided into CKD + vehicle or MK treatment groups (1.5, 5, or 12.5 mg/kg for 12 wk). In CKD mice, skeletal muscle mass, mitochondrial amount, and exercise capacity decreased compared with sham mice. Compared with the CKD + vehicle group, low (1.5 mg/kg) and medium (5 mg/kg) doses of MK, but not the high dose (12.5 mg/kg), significantly restored these changes and was accompanied by incremental increases in HIF-1α. Furthermore, increased capillary density and area were observed in a MK dose-dependent manner, which is likely related to an improved VEGF response in the skeletal muscle of CKD mice. In addition, macrophage and proinflammatory cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, TNF-α, and IL-6, significantly increased in the high-dose MK group. These results indicate that HIF-PHI provides a potential therapeutic strategy to improve CKD-associated myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yuan Qian
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Dong Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han-Chao Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Hua Gu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Le
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Ming Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Befani C, Liakos P. The role of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐2 alpha in angiogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9087-9098. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Befani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly Larissa Greece
| | - Panagiotis Liakos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly Larissa Greece
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13
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Downes NL, Laham-Karam N, Kaikkonen MU, Ylä-Herttuala S. Differential but Complementary HIF1α and HIF2α Transcriptional Regulation. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1735-1745. [PMID: 29843956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective vascular regeneration could provide therapeutic benefit for multiple pathologies, especially in chronic peripheral artery disease (PAD) and myocardial ischemia. The hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediate the cellular transcriptional response to hypoxia and regulate multiple processes that are required for angiogenesis to ultimately restore perfusion and oxygen supply. In endothelial cells, both HIF1α and HIF2α are known to contribute to this role; however, the extent and individual roles of each of these HIFα remain unclear. To characterize the individual roles of HIFα, we sequenced the transcriptional outputs of stabilized forms of HIF1α and HIF2α, where they regulated 701 and 1,454 genes, respectively. HIF1α transcription primarily regulated metabolic reprogramming, whereas HIF2α exerted a larger role in regulating angiogenic extracellular signaling, guidance cues, and extracellular matrix remodeling factors. Furthermore, HIF2α almost exclusively regulated a large and diverse subset of transcription factors and coregulators that contribute to its diverse roles in hypoxia. Further understanding of how HIFs regulate cellular processes in hypoxia and angiogenesis could offer new avenues to modulate physiological angiogenesis to enhance revascularisation in ischemic conditions and other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Downes
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nihay Laham-Karam
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Heart Centre and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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14
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Ollauri-Ibáñez C, López-Novoa JM, Pericacho M. Endoglin-based biological therapy in the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent pathologies. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1053-1063. [PMID: 28656781 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1346607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alterations in the process of angiogenesis, either by excess or by defect, are present in different common pathologies. For this reason, great efforts are being made toward the development of pro- and anti-angiogenic therapies. Since endoglin levels are enhanced in tissues undergoing angiogenesis, and changes in its expression lead to alterations in vessel formation, endoglin has become an ideal target for these types of therapies. Areas covered: In this review, the role of endoglin in angiogenesis is summarized. In addition, the authors review pro- and anti-angiogenic therapies that are currently being used and new approaches that target endoglin. The article includes therapies that are both in preclinical and clinical development. Expert opinion: Endoglin is a very good target for anti-angiogenic therapy, as demonstrated by the positive results obtained with anti-endoglin antibodies. However, although endoglin in pro-angiogenic therapies has been successful in vitro, its use has not yet reached clinical settings. Moreover, the authors believe that establishing the exact role of endoglin in angiogenesis is essential and that this should be the next step in this field in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ollauri-Ibáñez
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.,b Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL) , Salamanca , Spain
| | - José M López-Novoa
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.,b Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL) , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , University of Salamanca , Salamanca , Spain.,b Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL) , Salamanca , Spain
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15
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de Freitas MC, Gerosa-Neto J, Zanchi NE, Lira FS, Rossi FE. Role of metabolic stress for enhancing muscle adaptations: Practical applications. World J Methodol 2017; 7:46-54. [PMID: 28706859 PMCID: PMC5489423 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v7.i2.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stress is a physiological process that occurs during exercise in response to low energy that leads to metabolite accumulation [lactate, phosphate inorganic (Pi) and ions of hydrogen (H+)] in muscle cells. Traditional exercise protocol (i.e., Resistance training) has an important impact on the increase of metabolite accumulation, which influences hormonal release, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell swelling. Changes in acute exercise routines, such as intensity, volume and rest between sets, are determinants for the magnitude of metabolic stress, furthermore, different types of training, such as low-intensity resistance training plus blood flow restriction and high intensity interval training, could be used to maximize metabolic stress during exercise. Thus, the objective of this review is to describe practical applications that induce metabolic stress and the potential effects of metabolic stress to increase systemic hormonal release, hypoxia, ROS production, cell swelling and muscle adaptations.
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16
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Córdova Martínez A, Pascual Fernández J, Fernandez Lázaro D, Alvarez Mon M. Muscular and heart adaptations of execise in hypoxia. Is training in slow hypoxy healthy? Med Clin (Barc) 2017; 148:469-474. [PMID: 28341369 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Córdova Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Campus Universitario de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, Soria, España.
| | | | - Diego Fernandez Lázaro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Facultad de Fisioterapia, Campus Universitario de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, Soria, España
| | - Melchor Alvarez Mon
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
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17
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Badin PM, Sopariwala DH, Lorca S, Narkar VA. Muscle Arnt/Hif1β Is Dispensable in Myofiber Type Determination, Vascularization and Insulin Sensitivity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168457. [PMID: 28005939 PMCID: PMC5178999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/ hypoxia-inducible factor 1 beta (ARNT/ HIF1β), a member of bHLH-PAS family of transcriptional factors, plays a critical role in metabolic homeostasis, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. The contributions of ARNT in pancreas, liver and adipose tissue to energy balance through gene regulation have been described. Surprisingly, the impact of ARNT signaling in the skeletal muscles, one of the major organs involved in glucose disposal, has not been investigated, especially in type II diabetes. Here we report that ARNT is expressed in the skeletal muscles, particularly in the energy-efficient oxidative slow-twitch myofibers, which are characterized by increased oxidative capacity, mitochondrial content, vascular supply and insulin sensitivity. However, muscle-specific deletion of ARNT did not change myofiber type distribution, oxidative capacity, mitochondrial content, capillarity, or the expression of genes associated with these features. Consequently, the lack of ARNT in the skeletal muscle did not affect weight gain, lean/fat mass, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in lean mice, nor did it impact insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in high fat diet-induced obesity. Therefore, skeletal muscle ARNT is dispensable for controlling muscle fiber type and metabolic regulation, as well as diet-induced weight control, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Marie Badin
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Danesh H. Sopariwala
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sabina Lorca
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Vihang A. Narkar
- Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States of America
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Shin J, Nunomiya A, Kitajima Y, Dan T, Miyata T, Nagatomi R. Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 deficiency promotes skeletal muscle fiber-type transition via a calcineurin/NFATc1-dependent pathway. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:5. [PMID: 26949511 PMCID: PMC4779261 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia exposure is known to induce an alteration in skeletal muscle fiber-type distribution mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α. The downstream pathway of HIF-α leading to fiber-type shift, however, has not been elucidated. The calcineurin pathway is one of the pathways responsible for slow muscle fiber transition. Because calcineurin pathway is activated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the factors induced by HIF-1α, we hypothesized that the stabilization of HIF-1α may lead to slow muscle fiber transition via the activation of calcineurin pathway in skeletal muscles. To induce HIF-1α stabilization, we used a loss of function strategy to abrogate Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) 2 responsible for HIF-1α hydroxylation making HIF-1α susceptible to ubiquitin dependent degradation by proteasome. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the effect of HIF-1α stabilization in PHD2 conditional knockout mouse on skeletal muscle fiber-type transition and to elucidate the involvement of calcineurin pathway on muscle fiber-type transition. Results PHD2 deficiency resulted in an increased capillary density in skeletal muscles due to the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor. It also elicited an alteration of skeletal muscle phenotype toward the type I fibers in both of the soleus (35.8 % in the control mice vs. 46.7 % in the PHD2-deficient mice, p < 0.01) and the gastrocnemius muscle (0.94 vs. 1.89 %, p < 0.01), and the increased proportion of type I fibers appeared to correspond to the area of increased capillary density. In addition, calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFATc1) protein levels were increased in both the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, suggesting that the calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway was responsible for the type I fiber transition regardless of PGC-1α, which responded minimally to PHD2 deficiency. Indeed, we found that tacrolimus (FK-506), a calcineurin inhibitor, successfully suppressed slow fiber-type formation in PHD2-deficient mice. Conclusions Taken together, stabilized HIF-1α induced by PHD2 conditional knockout resulted in the transition of muscle fibers toward a slow fiber type via a calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling pathway. PHD2 conditional knockout mice may serve as a model for chronic HIF-1α stabilization as in mice exposed to low oxygen concentration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-016-0079-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchul Shin
- Department of Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Aki Nunomiya
- Department of Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yasuo Kitajima
- Department of Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Takashi Dan
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Therapy, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Nagatomi
- Department of Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan.,Division of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan.,Center for Sports Medicine and Science, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
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19
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Favier FB, Britto FA, Freyssenet DG, Bigard XA, Benoit H. HIF-1-driven skeletal muscle adaptations to chronic hypoxia: molecular insights into muscle physiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4681-96. [PMID: 26298291 PMCID: PMC11113128 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a metabolically active tissue and the major body protein reservoir. Drop in ambient oxygen pressure likely results in a decrease in muscle cells oxygenation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and stabilization of the oxygen-sensitive hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. However, skeletal muscle seems to be quite resistant to hypoxia compared to other organs, probably because it is accustomed to hypoxic episodes during physical exercise. Few studies have observed HIF-1α accumulation in skeletal muscle during ambient hypoxia probably because of its transient stabilization. Nevertheless, skeletal muscle presents adaptations to hypoxia that fit with HIF-1 activation, although the exact contribution of HIF-2, I kappa B kinase and activating transcription factors, all potentially activated by hypoxia, needs to be determined. Metabolic alterations result in the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, while activation of anaerobic glycolysis is less evident. Hypoxia causes mitochondrial remodeling and enhanced mitophagy that ultimately lead to a decrease in ROS production, and this acclimatization in turn contributes to HIF-1α destabilization. Likewise, hypoxia has structural consequences with muscle fiber atrophy due to mTOR-dependent inhibition of protein synthesis and transient activation of proteolysis. The decrease in muscle fiber area improves oxygen diffusion into muscle cells, while inhibition of protein synthesis, an ATP-consuming process, and reduction in muscle mass decreases energy demand. Amino acids released from muscle cells may also have protective and metabolic effects. Collectively, these results demonstrate that skeletal muscle copes with the energetic challenge imposed by O2 rarefaction via metabolic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Favier
- INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 34060, Montpellier, France.
- Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| | - F A Britto
- INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, 34060, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - D G Freyssenet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice EA 4338, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000, Saint Etienne, France
| | - X A Bigard
- Agence Française de Lutte contre le Dopage, 75007, Paris, France
| | - H Benoit
- INSERM, U1042 Hypoxie Physio-Pathologie, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Université Joseph Fourier, 38000, Grenoble, France
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20
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Lindholm ME, Rundqvist H. Skeletal muscle hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and exercise. Exp Physiol 2015; 101:28-32. [PMID: 26391197 DOI: 10.1113/ep085318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reduced oxygen levels in skeletal muscle during exercise are a consequence of increased oxygen consumption. The cellular response to hypoxia is conferred to a large extent by activation of the hypoxia-sensitive transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). The target genes of HIF-1 increase oxygen transport through mechanisms such as erythropoietin-mediated erythropoiesis and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis and improve tissue function during low oxygen availability through increased expression of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes, which makes HIF-1 an interesting candidate as a mediator of skeletal muscle adaptation to endurance training. However, HIF-1 may also inhibit cellular oxygen consumption and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, features discordant with the phenotype of a trained muscle. Skeletal muscle readily adjusts to altered functional demands. Adaptation of skeletal muscle to long-term aerobic training enables better aerobic performance at higher intensities through improved metabolic capacity and oxygen supply. The components of acute exercise that act as triggers for adaptation are still largely unknown; however, an early hypothesis was that local hypoxia acts as a possible stimulus for exercise adaptation. The hypoxia-sensitive subunit, HIF-1α, is stabilized in skeletal muscle in response to an acute bout of endurance exercise. However, long-term endurance exercise seems to attenuate the acute HIF-1α response. This attenuation is concurrent with an increase in expression of several negative regulators of the HIF system. We propose that the HIF-1α response is blunted in response to long-term exercise training through induction of its negative regulators and that this inhibition enables the enhanced oxidative metabolism that is part of a local physiological response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene E Lindholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helene Rundqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Karsikas S, Myllymäki M, Heikkilä M, Sormunen R, Kivirikko KI, Myllyharju J, Serpi R, Koivunen P. HIF-P4H-2 deficiency protects against skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:301-10. [PMID: 26452676 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We show here that mice hypomorphic for hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylase-2 (HIF-P4H-2) (Hif-p4h-2 (gt/gt)), the main regulator of the stability of the HIFα subunits, have normoxic stabilization of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in their skeletal muscles. The size of the capillaries, but not their number, was increased in the skeletal muscles of the Hif-p4h-2 (gt/gt) mice, whereas the amount of glycogen was reduced. The expression levels of genes for glycolytic enzymes, glycogen branching enzyme 1 and monocarboxylate transporter 4, were increased in the Hif-p4h-2 (gt/gt) skeletal muscles, whereas no significant increases were detected in the levels of any vasculature-influencing factor studied. Serum lactate levels of the Hif-p4h-2 (gt/gt) mice recovered faster than those of the wild type following exercise. The Hif-p4h-2 (gt/gt) mice had elevated hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity, which may have contributed to the faster clearance of lactate. The Hif-p4h-2 (gt/gt) mice had smaller infarct size following limb ischemia-reperfusion injury. The increased capillary size correlated with the reduced infarct size. Following ischemia-reperfusion, glycogen content and ATP/ADP and CrP/Cr levels of the skeletal muscle of the Hif-p4h-2 (gt/gt) mice were higher than in the wild type. The higher glycogen content correlated with increased expression of phosphofructokinase messenger RNA (mRNA) and the increased ATP/ADP and CrP/Cr levels with reduced apoptosis, suggesting that HIF-P4H-2 deficiency supported energy metabolism during ischemia-reperfusion and protection against injury. Key messages: HIF-P4H-2 deficiency protects skeletal muscle from ischemia-reperfusion injury. The mechanisms involved are mediated via normoxic HIF-1α and HIF-2α stabilization. HIF-P4H-2 deficiency increases capillary size but not number. HIF-P4H-2 deficiency maintains energy metabolism during ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Karsikas
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko Myllymäki
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna Heikkilä
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari I Kivirikko
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raisa Serpi
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Hypoxia Inducible Factor Pathway and Physiological Adaptation: A Cell Survival Pathway? Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:584758. [PMID: 26491231 PMCID: PMC4600544 DOI: 10.1155/2015/584758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen homeostasis reflects the constant body requirement to generate energy. Hypoxia (0.1–1% O2), physioxia or physoxia (∼1–13%), and normoxia (∼20%) are terms used to define oxygen concentration in the cellular environment. A decrease in oxygen (hypoxia) or excess oxygen (hyperoxia) could be deleterious for cellular adaptation and survival. Hypoxia can occur under both physiological (e.g., exercise, embryonic development, underwater diving, or high altitude) and pathological conditions (e.g., inflammation, solid tumor formation, lung disease, or myocardial infarction). Hypoxia plays a key role in the pathophysiology of heart disease, cancers, stroke, and other causes of mortality. Hypoxia inducible factor(s) (HIFs) are key oxygen sensors that mediate the ability of the cell to cope with decreased oxygen tension. These transcription factors regulate cellular adaptation to hypoxia and protect cells by responding acutely and inducing production of endogenous metabolites and proteins to promptly regulate metabolic pathways. Here, we review the role of the HIF pathway as a metabolic adaptation pathway and how this pathway plays a role in cell survival. We emphasize the roles of the HIF pathway in physiological adaptation, cell death, pH regulation, and adaptation during exercise.
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23
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Madeddu C, Mantovani G, Gramignano G, Astara G, Macciò A. Muscle wasting as main evidence of energy impairment in cancer cachexia: future therapeutic approaches. Future Oncol 2015; 11:2697-2710. [PMID: 26376740 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review aimed at discussing the impact, pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches of muscle wasting, which is a major clinical feature of cancer-related cachexia syndrome. The pathogenesis of muscle wasting in cancer cachexia lies in a discrepancy between anabolic and catabolic pathways mediated by chronic inflammation. Effective interventions specifically aimed at hampering muscle loss and enhancing muscle function are still lacking. Promising agents include anti-inflammatory, orexigenic and anabolic drugs, alongside with nutritional supplements that influence the STAT3 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways involved in muscle wasting. Personalized physical activity combined with pharmacological and nutritional support hold promise. A greater understanding of the pathogenetic processes of cancer cachexia-related muscle wasting will enable the development of an early and effective targeted mechanism-based multimodal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Madeddu
- Department of Medical Sciences M Aresu, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mantovani
- Department of Medical Sciences M Aresu, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Astara
- Department of Medical Sciences M Aresu, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Macciò
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, A Businco Hospital, Regional Referral Center for Cancer Diseases, Cagliari, Italy
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24
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Li S, Li Q, Yu W, Xiao Q. High glucose and/or high insulin affects HIF-1 signaling by regulating AIP1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:48-56. [PMID: 26021979 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the effects of high glucose/high insulin on AIP1 expression in HUVECs and the possible regulation of HIF-1α signaling by AIP1. METHODS We investigated the expression of AIP1 and HIF-1α signaling in HUVECs at the levels of mRNA and protein following exposure to 30 mmol/L glucose (high glucose), 1 nmol/L insulin (high insulin), and the combination of the two (high glucose/high insulin). We detected changes in HIF-1α and VEGF expression with AIP1 siRNA interference by real-time PCR and western blotting. The CCK8 cell proliferation assay, the scratch/wound-healing assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis, respectively. Matrigel was used to perform a tubule formation assay. RESULTS Compared with 5.5 mmol/L glucose alone (control), high glucose, high insulin, and the combination of high glucose+high insulin increased AIP1 expression at 24 h at the mRNA and protein levels. High glucose, high insulin, and high glucose+high insulin decreased HIF-1α expression at the mRNA and protein levels. AIP1 knockdown significantly increased HIF-1α and VEGF expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in HUVECs under high glucose conditions. In the presence of high insulin, the effect of high glucose on target gene expression was altered. The downregulation of AIP1 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and tubule formation, and it decreased apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS High glucose increases AIP1 expression and decreases the expression of HIF-1α and downstream molecules. Decreased HIF-1α signaling may be regulated by increased AIP1 under high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Graduate School of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Street, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Street, Guangzhou, 510010, China.
| | - Wenlin Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Street, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, 111 Liuhua Street, Guangzhou, 510010, China
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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 in Physiological and Pathophysiological Angiogenesis: Applications and Therapies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:549412. [PMID: 26146622 PMCID: PMC4471260 DOI: 10.1155/2015/549412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, tissues, and organs. Under extended exposure to reduced oxygen levels, cells are able to survive through the transcriptional activation of a series of genes that participate in angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, and cell proliferation. The oxygen-sensitive transcriptional activator HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1) is a key transcriptional mediator of the response to hypoxic conditions. The HIF-1 pathway was found to be a master regulator of angiogenesis. Whether the process is physiological or pathological, HIF-1 seems to participate in vasculature formation by synergistic correlations with other proangiogenic factors such as VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), PlGF (placental growth factor), or angiopoietins. Considering the important contributions of HIF-1 in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, it should be considered a promising target for treating ischaemic diseases or cancer. In this review, we discuss the roles of HIF-1 in both physiological/pathophysiological angiogenesis and potential strategies for clinical therapy.
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