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Zuo HJ, Ren XQ, Shi JS, Shi HL, Guo K, Wang PX, Zhao M, Li JJ. Gastrodin regulates the expression of renin-angiotensin system-SIRT3 and proinflammatory mediators in reactive astrocytes via activated microglia. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3677-3693. [PMID: 38711280 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Gastrodin, an anti-inflammatory herbal agent, is known to suppress microglia activation. Here, we investigated whether it would exert a similar effect in reactive astrocytes and whether it might act through the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3). Angiotensinogen (ATO), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptor and SIRT3 expression was detected in TNC-1 astrocytes treated with BV-2 microglia conditioned medium (CM) with or without gastrodin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pre-treatment by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis. Expression of C3 (A1 astrocyte marker), S100A10 (A2 astrocyte marker), proinflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors was then evaluated. The results showed a significant increase of ATO, ACE, AT1, SIRT3, C3, proinflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors expression in TNC-1 astrocytes incubated in CM + LPS when compared with cells incubated in the CM, but AT2 and S100A10 expression was reduced. TNC-1 astrocytes responded vigorously to BV-2 CM treated with gastrodin + LPS as compared with the control. This was evident by the decreased expression of the abovementioned protein markers, except for AT2 and S100A10. Interestingly, SIRT3, IGF-1 and BDNF expression was enhanced, suggesting that gastrodin inhibited the expression of RAS and proinflammatory mediators but promoted the expression of neurotrophic factors. And gastrodin regulated the phenotypic changes of astrocytes through AT1. Additionally, azilsartan (a specific inhibitor of AT1) inhibited the expression of C3 and S100A10, which remained unaffected in gastrodin and azilsartan combination treatment. These findings provide evidence that gastrodin may have a therapeutic effect via regulating RAS-SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Zuo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xue-Qi Ren
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Sha Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao-Long Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Kuntic M, Kuntic I, Krishnankutty R, Gericke A, Oelze M, Junglas T, Bayo Jimenez MT, Stamm P, Nandudu M, Hahad O, Keppeler K, Daub S, Vujacic-Mirski K, Rajlic S, Strohm L, Ubbens H, Tang Q, Jiang S, Ruan Y, Macleod KG, Steven S, Berkemeier T, Pöschl U, Lelieveld J, Kleinert H, von Kriegsheim A, Daiber A, Münzel T. Co-exposure to urban particulate matter and aircraft noise adversely impacts the cerebro-pulmonary-cardiovascular axis in mice. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102580. [PMID: 36566737 PMCID: PMC9804249 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, up to 8.8 million excess deaths/year have been attributed to air pollution, mainly due to the exposure to fine particulate matter (PM). Traffic-related noise is an additional contributor to global mortality and morbidity. Both health risk factors substantially contribute to cardiovascular, metabolic and neuropsychiatric sequelae. Studies on the combined exposure are rare and urgently needed because of frequent co-occurrence of both risk factors in urban and industrial settings. To study the synergistic effects of PM and noise, we used an exposure system equipped with aerosol generator and loud-speakers, where C57BL/6 mice were acutely exposed for 3d to either ambient PM (NIST particles) and/or noise (aircraft landing and take-off events). The combination of both stressors caused endothelial dysfunction, increased blood pressure, oxidative stress and inflammation. An additive impairment of endothelial function was observed in isolated aortic rings and even more pronounced in cerebral and retinal arterioles. The increase in oxidative stress and inflammation markers together with RNA sequencing data indicate that noise particularly affects the brain and PM the lungs. The combination of both stressors has additive adverse effects on the cardiovascular system that are based on PM-induced systemic inflammation and noise-triggered stress hormone signaling. We demonstrate an additive upregulation of ACE-2 in the lung, suggesting that there may be an increased vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. The data warrant further mechanistic studies to characterize the propagation of primary target tissue damage (lung, brain) to remote organs such as aorta and heart by combined noise and PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivana Kuntic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Oelze
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tristan Junglas
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria Teresa Bayo Jimenez
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Stamm
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Margaret Nandudu
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karin Keppeler
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ksenija Vujacic-Mirski
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sanela Rajlic
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lea Strohm
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henning Ubbens
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Subao Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yue Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Steven
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Berkemeier
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kleinert
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Pharmacology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Daiber
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- University Medical Center Mainz, Department for Cardiology 1, Molecular Cardiology, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.
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Lipoprotein a Combined with Fibrinogen as an Independent Predictor of Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Multi-Center Retrospective Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9100322. [PMID: 36286274 PMCID: PMC9604333 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) still have a high risk of recurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). However, there are rare studies on the prediction of MACCE in patients with ACS using lipoprotein a [Lp(a)] combined with fibrinogen. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive value of Lp(a) combined with fibrinogen for the long-term prognosis of patients with ACS. Methods: 804 patients with ACS admitted to 11 tertiary general hospitals in Chengdu from January 2017 to June 2019 were included in the study. According to the Lp(a) 300 mg/L, patients were assigned to the non-high Lp(a) group and high Lp(a) group. Patients were assigned to the non-high or high fibrinogen groups using the fibrinogen level of 3.08 g/L. Subsequently, patients were divided into group A, B, or C by Lp(a) combined with fibrinogen. The study endpoints were MACCE, including all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and revascularization. The incidences of MACCE among groups were compared. Lp(a), fibrinogen, Lp(a) combined with fibrinogen classifications were each added into the basic model to construct three new models. The C-index, net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) of the three new models were then compared. Results: The median follow-up was 16 months. During follow-up, the cumulative incidence of MACCE in group C was significantly higher than that measured in group A and B (p < 0.001). The results of the multivariate Cox regression analysis of MACCE showed that Lp(a) ≥300 mg/L with fibrinogen ≥3.08 g/L was an independent predictor of MACCE. According to the GRACE score and the statistical analyses, the basic model was constructed, which had a C-index of 0.694. The C-index, NRI, and IDI of the new model constructed using the basic model + Lp(a) combined with fibrinogen classification were 0.736, 0.095, and 0.094 respectively. Conclusions: Single Lp(a), single fibrinogen and Lp(a) combined with fibrinogen were independent predictors of MACCE in patients with ACS. The predictive value of Lp(a) combined with fibrinogen in patients with ACS was better than that of single Lp(a) and single fibrinogen.
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Sun HJ, Wang ZC, Nie XW, Bian JS. Therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide in hypertension-induced vascular smooth muscle cell damage revisited: from physiology and pharmacology. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115008. [PMID: 35318039 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As a chronic and progressive disorder, hypertension remains to be a serious public health problem around the world. Among the different types of hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease associated with pulmonary arteriole remodeling, right ventricular failure and death. The contemporary management of systemic hypertension and PAH has substantially grown since more therapeutic targets and/or agents have been developed. Evolving treatment strategies targeting the vascular remodeling lead to improving outcomes in patients with hypertension, nevertheless, significant advancement opportunities for developing better antihypertensive drugs remain. Carbon monoxide (CO), an active endogenous gasotransmitter along with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO), is primarily generated by heme oxygenase (HO). Cumulative evidence suggests that CO is considered as an important signaling molecule under both physiological and pathological conditions. Studies have shown that CO confers a number of biological and pharmacological properties, especially its involvement in the pathological process and treatment of hypertension-related vascular remodeling. This review will critically outline the roles of CO in hypertension-associated vascular remodeling and discuss the underlying mechanisms for the protective effects of CO against hypertension and vascular remodeling. In addition, we will propose the challenges and perspectives of CO in hypertensive vascular remodeling. It is expected that a comprehensive understanding of CO in the vasculature might be essential to translate CO to be a novel pharmacological agent for hypertension-induced vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zi-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.
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Pitz Jacobsen D, Fjeldstad HE, Johnsen GM, Fosheim IK, Moe K, Alnæs-Katjavivi P, Dechend R, Sugulle M, Staff AC. Acute Atherosis Lesions at the Fetal-Maternal Border: Current Knowledge and Implications for Maternal Cardiovascular Health. Front Immunol 2021; 12:791606. [PMID: 34970270 PMCID: PMC8712939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidua basalis, the endometrium of pregnancy, is an important interface between maternal and fetal tissues, made up of both maternal and fetal cells. Acute atherosis is a uteroplacental spiral artery lesion. These patchy arterial wall lesions containing foam cells are predominantly found in the decidua basalis, at the tips of the maternal arteries, where they feed into the placental intervillous space. Acute atherosis is prevalent in preeclampsia and other obstetric syndromes such as fetal growth restriction. Causal factors and effects of acute atherosis remain uncertain. This is in part because decidua basalis is challenging to sample systematically and in large amounts following delivery. We summarize our decidua basalis vacuum suction method, which facilitates tissue-based studies of acute atherosis. We also describe our evidence-based research definition of acute atherosis. Here, we comprehensively review the existing literature on acute atherosis, its underlying mechanisms and possible short- and long-term effects. We propose that multiple pathways leading to decidual vascular inflammation may promote acute atherosis formation, with or without poor spiral artery remodeling and/or preeclampsia. These include maternal alloreactivity, ischemia-reperfusion injury, preexisting systemic inflammation, and microbial infection. The concept of acute atherosis as an inflammatory lesion is not novel. The lesions themselves have an inflammatory phenotype and resemble other arterial lesions of more extensively studied etiology. We discuss findings of concurrently dysregulated proteins involved in immune regulation and cardiovascular function in women with acute atherosis. We also propose a novel hypothesis linking cellular fetal microchimerism, which is prevalent in women with preeclampsia, with acute atherosis in pregnancy and future cardiovascular and neurovascular disease. Finally, women with a history of preeclampsia have an increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. We review whether presence of acute atherosis may identify women at especially high risk for premature cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Elisabeth Fjeldstad
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Mørk Johnsen
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Knutsdotter Fosheim
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjartan Moe
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken HF, Bærum, Norway
| | | | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meryam Sugulle
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Stachowicz A, Wiśniewska A, Kuś K, Białas M, Łomnicka M, Totoń-Żurańska J, Kiepura A, Stachyra K, Suski M, Bujak-Giżycka B, Jawień J, Olszanecki R. Diminazene Aceturate Stabilizes Atherosclerotic Plaque and Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in apoE-Knockout Mice by Influencing Macrophages Polarization and Taurine Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5861. [PMID: 34070749 PMCID: PMC8199145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western countries. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with its two main opposing effectors, i.e., angiotensin II (Ang II) and Ang-(1-7), is widely recognized as a major regulator of cardiovascular function and body metabolic processes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) by breaking-down Ang II forms Ang-(1-7) and thus favors Ang-(1-7) actions. Therefore, the aim of our study was to comprehensively evaluate the influence of prolonged treatment with ACE2 activator, diminazene aceturate (DIZE) on the development of atherosclerotic lesions and hepatic steatosis in apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We have shown that DIZE stabilized atherosclerotic lesions and attenuated hepatic steatosis in apoE-/- mice fed an HFD. Such effects were associated with decreased total macrophages content and increased α-smooth muscle actin levels in atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, DIZE changed polarization of macrophages towards increased amount of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in the atherosclerotic lesions. Interestingly, the anti-steatotic action of DIZE in the liver was related to the elevated levels of HDL in the plasma, decreased levels of triglycerides, and increased biosynthesis and concentration of taurine in the liver of apoE-/- mice. However, exact molecular mechanisms of both anti-atherosclerotic and anti-steatotic actions of DIZE require further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Stachowicz
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
| | - Anna Wiśniewska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
| | - Katarzyna Kuś
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
| | - Magdalena Białas
- Chair of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Łomnicka
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
| | - Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
| | - Anna Kiepura
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
| | - Kamila Stachyra
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
| | - Beata Bujak-Giżycka
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
| | - Jacek Jawień
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
| | - Rafał Olszanecki
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland; (A.W.); (K.K.); (M.Ł.); (J.T.-Ż.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (M.S.); (B.B.-G.); (J.J.); (R.O.)
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7
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Bonetti J, Corti A, Lerouge L, Pompella A, Gaucher C. Phenotypic Modulation of Macrophages and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis-Nitro-Redox Interconnections. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040516. [PMID: 33810295 PMCID: PMC8066740 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) are the main cell types implicated in atherosclerosis development, and unlike other mature cell types, both retain a remarkable plasticity. In mature vessels, differentiated vSMCs control the vascular tone and the blood pressure. In response to vascular injury and modifications of the local environment (inflammation, oxidative stress), vSMCs switch from a contractile to a secretory phenotype and also display macrophagic markers expression and a macrophagic behaviour. Endothelial dysfunction promotes adhesion to the endothelium of monocytes, which infiltrate the sub-endothelium and differentiate into macrophages. The latter become polarised into M1 (pro-inflammatory), M2 (anti-inflammatory) or Mox macrophages (oxidative stress phenotype). Both monocyte-derived macrophages and macrophage-like vSMCs are able to internalise and accumulate oxLDL, leading to formation of “foam cells” within atherosclerotic plaques. Variations in the levels of nitric oxide (NO) can affect several of the molecular pathways implicated in the described phenomena. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms could help to identify novel specific therapeutic targets, but to date much remains to be explored. The present article is an overview of the different factors and signalling pathways implicated in plaque formation and of the effects of NO on the molecular steps of the phenotypic switch of macrophages and vSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bonetti
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandro Corti
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lucie Lerouge
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Alfonso Pompella
- Department of Translational Research NTMS, University of Pisa Medical School, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2218-537
| | - Caroline Gaucher
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.B.); (L.L.); (C.G.)
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Saba L, Gerosa C, Wintermark M, Hedin U, Fanni D, Suri JS, Balestrieri A, Faa G. Can COVID19 trigger the plaque vulnerability-a Kounis syndrome warning for "asymptomatic subjects". Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:1352-1355. [PMID: 33224760 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-20-561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Clara Gerosa
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnosis Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, CA, USA
| | - Antonella Balestrieri
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), Cagliari, Italy
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Li C, Zhong X, Xia W, He J, Gan H, Zhao H, Xia Y. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is upregulated in chronic kidney disease and contributes to angiotensin II-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104037. [PMID: 32615135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the chemokine axis, CX3CL1/CX3CR1, in the development of cardiovascular diseases has been widely speculated. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a pivotal factor promoting cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether there is a link between the two in CKD remains unclear. METHODS The uremic mice were treated with losartan for 8 weeks, and the expression of aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 was detected. Cultured mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were stimulated with Ang II, and then CX3CR1 expression was assessed by western blot. After the targeted disruption of CX3CR1 by transfection with siRNA, the migration of VSMCs was detected by transwell assay. Finally, both the activation of Akt pathway and the expression of IL-6 were detected by western blot. RESULTS Losartan treatment reduced the upregulation of aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 expression in uremic mice. In vitro, Ang II significantly upregulated CX3CR1 expression in VSMCs. Targeted disruption of CX3CR1 attenuated Ang II-induced migration of VSMCs. In addition, the use of CX3CR1-siRNA suppressed Akt phosphorylation and IL-6 production in VSMCs stimulated by Ang II. CONCLUSIONS The aortic CX3CL1/CX3CR1 is upregulated by Ang II in CKD, and it contributes to Ang II-induced migration of VSMCs in vitro.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/genetics
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Chemokine CX3CL1/genetics
- Chemokine CX3CL1/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
- Uremia/metabolism
- Uremia/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsheng Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Class 4, Grade 2, Guangzhou Zhixin High School, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - HongFei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yunfeng Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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10
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A comparison between statin with ACE inhibitor or ARB therapy in STEMI patients who underwent successful PCI with drug-eluting stents. Atherosclerosis 2019; 289:109-117. [PMID: 31491742 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies of the comparative clinical outcomes between statin with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients are limited. We compared 2-year clinical outcomes between statin with ACEI or ARB therapy in STEMI patients after successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES). METHODS A total of 11,706 STEMI patients were enrolled and separated into two groups: the ACEI group (statin + ACEI, n = 8705) and the ARB group (statin + ARB, n = 3001). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as all-cause death, recurrent MI (re-MI), and any coronary revascularization. Secondary endpoints were the individual components of MACE and target vessel failure (TVF). RESULTS After propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis, two PSM groups (2729 pairs, n = 5458, C-statistic = 0.675) were generated. The cumulative incidences of MACE, re-MI, and any coronary revascularization were similar between the two groups. However, the cumulative incidences of all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.548; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.091-2.197; p = 0.014) and cardiac death (HR, 1.850; 95% CI, 1.218-2.811; p = 0.004) were significantly higher in the ARB group compared with the ACEI group after PSM analysis. CONCLUSIONS The combination of statin with ACEI may be the preferred treatment strategy to reduce mortality rates in STEMI patients after successful PCI with DES rather than statin with ARB in this study during a 2-year follow-up period.
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11
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Konstantinou K, Tsioufis C, Koumelli A, Mantzouranis M, Kasiakogias A, Doumas M, Tousoulis D. Hypertension and patients with acute coronary syndrome: Putting blood pressure levels into perspective. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:1135-1143. [PMID: 31301119 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a well-established cardiovascular risk factor, and blood pressure (BP) control has largely improved the prognosis of hypertensive patients. A number of studies have assessed the role of BP levels in the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Pathophysiologic links of hypertension to acute myocardial infarction (MI) include endothelial dysfunction, autonomic nervous system dysregulation, impaired vasoreactivity, and a genetic substrate. A history of hypertension is highly prevalent among patients presenting with MI, and some, but not all, studies have associated it with a worse prognosis. Some data support that low levels of admission and in-hospital BP may indicate an increased risk for subsequent events. Risk scores used in patients with MI have, therefore, included BP levels and a history of hypertension in their variables. Of note, good long-term BP control, ideally initiated prior to discharge, should be pursued in order to improve secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Konstantinou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Koumelli
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Manos Mantzouranis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kasiakogias
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Doumas
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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12
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Zhao Y, Ma R, Yu X, Li N, Zhao X, Yu J. AHU377+Valsartan (LCZ696) Modulates Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in the Cardiac of Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Compared With Valsartan. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 24:450-459. [PMID: 31023080 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419838503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major cause of death and morbidity worldwide and is increasing in prevalence. The Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the most common mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Understanding the mechanism of the pathophysiologic processes will help direct potential therapeutic strategies to treat hypertension and improve cardiac function. Recently, a novel drug LCZ696 containing both an angiotensin receptor blocker valsartan and a neprilysin inhibitor (AHU377) has shown a promising effect on the treatment of hypertension. However, the effects of LCZ696 on the expression of main components of RAS, namely, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1 R), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2 R), and angiotensin (1-7) receptor/Mas receptor (MasR) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LCZ696 on the protective arms of RAS in the cardiac tissue when compared with valsartan under the equal inhibition of AT1 R. We hypothesized that the superior effects of LCZ696 may contribute to its greater effect on the RAS than valsartan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen-week-old female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were used in this study. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were used as controls. All rats were randomly divided into LCZ696 (n = 10), valsartan (n = 10), SHR (n = 10), and WKY (n = 10) groups under a 12-hour dark and 12-hour light cycle and provided with regular chow diet and water. The tail-cuff method was performed to measure blood pressure. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. RESULTS The blood pressure value was lower in LCZ696 than valsartan in SHR after 12 weeks of treatment. Further, LCZ696 inhibits the ACE and AT1 R protein expression in the cardiac of SHR and significantly upregulate the protective axis of RAS components, including ACE2, MasR, and AT2 R. Left ventricular AT2 R messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was higher in the LCZ696+SHR group compared with valsartan. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that LCZ696 enhanced the mRNA expression of antihypertensive components AT2 R, ACE2, and MasR and decreased the expression of AT1 R. However, only AT2 R and ACE2 mRNA expressions have a statistical difference between the LCZ696 and valsartan groups. No difference was observed in the mRNA expression of ACE and MasR. The stronger positive signal of transforming growth factor β in the left ventricle was inhibited in each administrated group compared with SHR groups. CONCLUSIONS LCZ696 ameliorates the vasoconstrictor axis of the RAS AT1 R and stimulate the protective arm effectors, ACE2 and AT2 R, as well as reverses the compensatory upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in SHR. These findings suggest the mechanistic insight of the cardiac-protective and greater hypotensive effects of LCZ696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ruixin Ma
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaorong Yu
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningyin Li
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Yu
- 1 Department of Hypertension, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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13
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Legrand M, Futier E, Leone M, Deniau B, Mebazaa A, Plaud B, Coriat P, Rossignol P, Vicaut E, Gayat E. Impact of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors continuation versus discontinuation on outcome after major surgery: protocol of a multicenter randomized, controlled trial (STOP-or-NOT trial). Trials 2019; 20:160. [PMID: 30836981 PMCID: PMC6402139 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic treatment of hypertension or heart failure very often includes an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) as renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) treatments. To stop or not to stop these medications before major surgery remains an unresolved issue. The lack of evidence leads to conflicting guidelines with respect to RASi management before major surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a strategy of RASi continuation or discontinuation on perioperative complications in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. METHODS This is a multicenter, open-labeled randomized controlled trial in > 30 French centers. In the experimental group, RASi will be continued while the treatment will be stopped 48 h before the surgery in the control arm. The primary endpoint is a composite endpoint of major complications after surgery. An endpoint adjudication committee will review clinical data and adjudicate efficacy endpoints while blinded to the assigned study drug group. Main analysis will be by intention-to-treat comparing the composite outcome measure at 28 days in the two groups. A total of 2222 patients are planned to detect an absolute complications difference of 5%. DISCUSSION The results of the trial should provide robust evidence to anesthesiologists and surgeons regarding management of RASi before major non-cardiac surgery. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03374449 . Registered on 11 December 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Legrand
- AP-HP, GH St-Louis-Lariboisière, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, St-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France. .,University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. .,UMR INSERM 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France. .,F-CRIN INI-CRCT network, Nancy, France.
| | - Emmanuel Futier
- Département de Médecine Périopératoire, Anesthésie Réanimation Hôpital Estaing, CHU Clermont-Ferrand & Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Deniau
- AP-HP, GH St-Louis-Lariboisière, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, St-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,UMR INSERM 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- AP-HP, GH St-Louis-Lariboisière, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, St-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,UMR INSERM 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France.,F-CRIN INI-CRCT network, Nancy, France
| | - Benoît Plaud
- AP-HP, GH St-Louis-Lariboisière, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, St-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,UMR INSERM 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Coriat
- Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, La Pité-Salpétrière, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- F-CRIN INI-CRCT network, Nancy, France.,Inserm, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 14-33, Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Unité de recherche Clinique, GH St-Louis-Lariboisère-Fernand Widal, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Gayat
- AP-HP, GH St-Louis-Lariboisière, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, St-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,UMR INSERM 942, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France.,F-CRIN INI-CRCT network, Nancy, France
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14
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Magnoni M, Ammirati E, Moroni F, Norata GD, Camici PG. Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Pharmacologic Treatments on Carotid Intraplaque Neovascularization Detected by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2018; 32:113-120.e6. [PMID: 30340893 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neovascularization is a marker of plaque vulnerability that can be assessed noninvasively using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). The presence and extent of plaque neovascularization and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors and treatments were assessed in asymptomatic patients with carotid stenosis of intermediate severity and no indication for revascularization. METHODS Sixty-six patients aged 69 ± 8 years (59% men) were prospectively enrolled. Plaque neovascularization was assessed using CEUS with sulfur hexafluoride contrast in each of the four carotid segments bilaterally (a total of 528 segments). In each plaque, the presence or absence of contrast enhancement was assessed semiquantitatively as CEUS grade 1 (no signal or signal confined to the adventitia and/or shoulder of the plaque) or CEUS grade 2 (signal within the plaque). RESULTS Plaques were detectable in 289 of 528 carotid segments (54.7%). CEUS grade 2 was present in at least one plaque in 48 of 66 patients (72.7%) and was not influenced by stenosis severity or morphology. The highest CEUS grade 2 prevalence was observed in patients with diabetes and the lowest in those treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins, especially when low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was <100 mg/dL. Patients with multiple CEUS grade 2 plaques (20 of 66 [30%]) had both higher low-density lipoprotein and higher C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION Intraplaque neovascularization is frequent in asymptomatic patients with intermediate carotid stenosis and is more prevalent in those with diabetes. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 100 mg/dL and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors seem to confer protection from neovascularization, although larger interventional studies are necessary to confirm these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Magnoni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Enrico Ammirati
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; De Gasperis Cardio Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Moroni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D Norata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo G Camici
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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15
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Auto-antibodies against the angiotensin II type I receptor in women with uteroplacental acute atherosis and preeclampsia at delivery and several years postpartum. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 128:23-29. [PMID: 29843114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uteroplacental acute atherosis is a pregnancy-specific lesion resembling early stages of atherosclerosis found frequently in preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk for future maternal atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The renin-angiotensin-system plays a role both in atherosclerosis and in preeclampsia. Circulating agonistic autoantibodies at the angiotensin-II type 1 receptor (AT1-AA) are increased in preeclampsia. We hypothesized an association between AT1-AA at delivery and postpartum with acute atherosis in pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Maternal serum and decidua basalis tissue was collected at elective cesarean section (n = 41; 24 preeclampsia, 17 normotensive controls). Circulating AT1-AA were detected by a bioassay using spontaneously beating rat cardiomyocytes at delivery (n = 41) and 5-8 years postpartum in a subgroup (n = 10). Decidual acute atherosis was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significantly less normotensive controls (18%; 3/17) than women with preeclampsia (58%; 14/24) were AT1-AA positive at delivery, p<0.01. Uteroplacental acute atherosis and circulating AT1-AA at delivery were not significantly correlated. Postpartum, 2 prior preeclamptic women had circulating AT1-AA, both without acute atherosis in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that circulating AT1-AA are present significantly more often in preeclampsia than in normotensive pregnancy, however without association to acute atherosis. Whether circulating maternal AT1-AA or acute atherosis target young women at increased long-term cardiovascular risk warrants further investigations.
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16
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Lewicki Ł, Siebert J, Koliński T, Piekarska K, Reiwer-Gostomska M, Targoński R, Trzonkowski P, Marek-Trzonkowska N. Mast cell derived carboxypeptidase A3 is decreased among patients with advanced coronary artery disease. Cardiol J 2018; 26:680-686. [PMID: 29512095 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2018.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects milions of people and can result in myocardial infarction (MI). Previously, mast cells (MC) have been extensively investigated in the context of hypersensitivity, however as regulators of the local inflammatory response they can potentially contribute to CAD and/or its progression. The aim of the study was to assess if serum concentration of MC proteases: carboxypeptidase A3, cathepsin G and chymase 1 is associated with the extension of CAD and MI. METHODS The 44 patients with angiographically confirmed CAD (23 subjects with non-ST-segment elevation MI [NSTEMI] and 21 with stable CAD) were analyzed. Clinical data were obtained as well serum concentrations of carboxypeptidase A3, cathepsin G and chymase 1 were also measured. RESULTS Patients with single vessel CAD had higher serum concentration of carboxypeptidase than those with more advanced CAD (3838.6 ± 1083.1 pg/mL vs. 2715.6 ± 442.5 pg/mL; p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in levels of any protease between patients with stable CAD and those with NSTEMI. Patients with hypertension had ≈2-fold lower serum levels of cathepsin G than normotensive individuals (4.6 ± 0.9 pg/mL vs. 9.4 ± 5.8 pg/mL; p = 0.001). Cathepsin G levels were also decreased in sera of the current smokers as compared with non-smokers (3.1 ± 1.2 ng/mL vs. 5.8 ± 1.2 ng/mL, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum level of carboxypeptidase is a hallmark of more advanced CAD. Lower serum levels of carboxypeptidase A3 and catepsin G are associated with risk factors of blood vessel damage suggesting a protective role of these enzymes in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lewicki
- University Center for Cardiology, Dębinki 2, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Janusz Siebert
- University Center for Cardiology, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland, Poland
| | - Tomasz Koliński
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Piekarska
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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17
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Fraga-Silva RA, Seeman H, Montecucco F, da Silva AR, Burger F, Costa-Fraga FP, Anguenot L, Mach F, Dos Santos RAS, Stergiopulos N, da Silva RF. Apelin-13 treatment enhances the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48. [PMID: 29336478 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is an endogenous peptidergic system which modulates cardiovascular function. Recent studies pointed out a fundamental contribution of apelin on atherosclerosis development; however, such reports revealed contradictory data, and to date, it is difficult to accurately define a beneficial or deleterious role. To better understand apelin function on atherosclerosis, we aimed to investigate apelin-13 treatment effects on atherosclerotic plaques composition. DESIGN Apolipoprotein E gene-deleted mice were fed on Western-type diet for 11 weeks. Atherosclerotic plaque formation was induced in the carotid artery by a shear stress modifier device, which exposes the same vessel to distinct patterns of shear stress enabling the formation of plaques with different composition. Mice were treated with apelin-13 (2 mg kg-1 day-1 ) or vehicle for the last 3 weeks. RESULTS Apelin-13 treatment did not alter the lipid content of low shear stress- and oscillatory shear stress-induced plaques in the carotid. However, apelin-13 greatly ameliorated plaque stability by increasing intraplaque collagen content and reducing MMP-9 expression. Furthermore, apelin-13 decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophil and macrophage) and intraplaque reactive oxygen species content. Interestingly, apelin-13 treatment reduced total cholesterol, LDL levels and free fatty acid serum levels, while HDL, triglycerides serum levels were not significantly changed. CONCLUSIONS Apelin-13 treatment for 3 weeks did not alter the lesion size, but it significantly enhanced the stable phenotype of atherosclerotic plaques and improved serum lipid profile. These results indicate that activation of apelin system decreases plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Fraga-Silva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Seeman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Analina R da Silva
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabienne Burger
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Foundation for Medical Researches, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana P Costa-Fraga
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Léa Anguenot
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Foundation for Medical Researches, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robson A S Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafaela F da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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18
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Renin-angiotensin system blockade reduces cardiovascular events in nonheart failure, stable patients with prior coronary intervention. Coron Artery Dis 2018; 29:451-458. [PMID: 29489465 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade on the clinical outcome in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) are conflicting. We evaluated the long-term effects of RAS blockers (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker) on the clinical outcomes in patients with SCAD without heart failure (HF) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent using a large-scale, multicenter, prospective cohort registry. METHODS A total of 5722 patients with SCAD were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the use of RAS blockers after PCI: RAS blocker group included 4070 patients and no RAS blocker group included 1652 patients. Exclusion criteria were left ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% and the history of HF or myocardial infarction. A major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was defined as a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 29.7 months, RAS blockers were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of MACE [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.781; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.626-0.975; P=0.015] and all-cause death (adjusted HR: 0.788; 95% CI: 0.627-0.990; P=0.041) but did not affect the risk of coronary revascularization. In the propensity score matched cohort, overall findings were consistent (MACE: adjusted HR: 0.679; 95% CI: 0.514-0.897; P=0.006; all-cause death: adjusted HR: 0.723; 95% CI: 0.548-0.954; P=0.022), and the benefit of RAS blockade was maintained in all predefined subgroups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that RAS blockers were effective preventive therapies for reducing long-term cardiovascular events in patients with SCAD without HF who underwent PCI.
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Edlmann E, Giorgi-Coll S, Whitfield PC, Carpenter KLH, Hutchinson PJ. Pathophysiology of chronic subdural haematoma: inflammation, angiogenesis and implications for pharmacotherapy. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:108. [PMID: 28558815 PMCID: PMC5450087 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is an encapsulated collection of blood and fluid on the surface of the brain. Historically considered a result of head trauma, recent evidence suggests there are more complex processes involved. Trauma may be absent or very minor and does not explain the progressive, chronic course of the condition. This review focuses on several key processes involved in CSDH development: angiogenesis, fibrinolysis and inflammation. The characteristic membrane surrounding the CSDH has been identified as a source of fluid exudation and haemorrhage. Angiogenic stimuli lead to the creation of fragile blood vessels within membrane walls, whilst fibrinolytic processes prevent clot formation resulting in continued haemorrhage. An abundance of inflammatory cells and markers have been identified within the membranes and subdural fluid and are likely to contribute to propagating an inflammatory response which stimulates ongoing membrane growth and fluid accumulation. Currently, the mainstay of treatment for CSDH is surgical drainage, which has associated risks of recurrence requiring repeat surgery. Understanding of the underlying pathophysiological processes has been applied to developing potential drug treatments. Ongoing research is needed to identify if these therapies are successful in controlling the inflammatory and angiogenic disease processes leading to control and resolution of CSDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Edlmann
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Susan Giorgi-Coll
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Peter C. Whitfield
- Southwest Neurosurgical Centre, Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, PL6 8DH UK
| | - Keri L. H. Carpenter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Peter J. Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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Smedegaard L, Charlot MG, Gislason GH, Hansen PR. Temporal trends in acute myocardial infarction presentation and association with use of cardioprotective drugs: a nationwide registry-based study. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2017; 4:93-101. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvx016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laerke Smedegaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Mette Gitz Charlot
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Hilmar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 38, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Research, The Danish Heart Foundation, Vognmagergade 7, 1120 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Riis Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 38, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Karnik SS, Singh KD, Tirupula K, Unal H. Significance of angiotensin 1-7 coupling with MAS1 receptor and other GPCRs to the renin-angiotensin system: IUPHAR Review 22. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:737-753. [PMID: 28194766 PMCID: PMC5387002 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensins are a group of hormonal peptides and include angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 produced by the renin angiotensin system. The biology, pharmacology and biochemistry of the receptors for angiotensins were extensively reviewed recently. In the review, the receptor nomenclature committee was not emphatic on designating MAS1 as the angiotensin 1-7 receptor on the basis of lack of classical G protein signalling and desensitization in response to angiotensin 1-7, as well as a lack of consensus on confirmatory ligand pharmacological analyses. A review of recent publications (2013-2016) on the rapidly progressing research on angiotensin 1-7 revealed that MAS1 and two additional receptors can function as 'angiotensin 1-7 receptors', and this deserves further consideration. In this review we have summarized the information on angiotensin 1-7 receptors and their crosstalk with classical angiotensin II receptors in the context of the functions of the renin angiotensin system. It was concluded that the receptors for angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 make up a sophisticated cross-regulated signalling network that modulates the endogenous protective and pathogenic facets of the renin angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadashiva S Karnik
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Kalyan Tirupula
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Biological E Limited, ShamirpetHyderabadIndia
| | - Hamiyet Unal
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Betul Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell CenterErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
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Tsai MH, Lee CW, Hsu LF, Li SY, Chiang YC, Lee MH, Chen CH, Liang HF, How JM, Chang PJ, Wu CM, Lee IT. CO-releasing molecules CORM2 attenuates angiotensin II-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration through inhibition of ROS/IL-6 generation and matrix metalloproteinases-9 expression. Redox Biol 2017; 12:377-388. [PMID: 28292711 PMCID: PMC5349464 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ang II has been involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) induced migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) is the most common and basic pathological feature. Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of heme breakdown by heme oxygenase, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues and organ systems. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on Ang II-induced MMP-9 expression and cell migration of HASMCs. Ang II significantly up-regulated MMP-9 expression and cell migration of HASMCs, which was inhibited by transfection with siRNA of p47phox, Nox2, Nox4, p65, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and pretreatment with the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ROS, and NF-κB. In addition, Ang II also induced NADPH oxidase/ROS generation and p47phox translocation from the cytosol to the membrane. Moreover, Ang II-induced oxidative stress and MMP-9-dependent cell migration were inhibited by pretreatment with CORM-2. Finally, we observed that Ang II induced IL-6 release in HASMCs via AT1R, but not AT2R, which could further caused MMP-9 secretion and cell migration. Pretreatment with CORM-2 reduced Ang II-induced IL-6 release. In conclusion, CORM-2 inhibits Ang II-induced HASMCs migration through inactivation of suppression of NADPH oxidase/ROS generation, NF-κB inactivation and IL-6/MMP-9 expression. Thus, application of CO, especially CORM-2, is a potential countermeasure to reverse the pathological changes of various cardiovascular diseases. Further effects aimed at identifying novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances protective for heart and blood vessels that targeting CO and establishment of well-designed in vivo models properly evaluating the efficacy of these agents are needed. Angiotensin II can induce HASMCs migration via activating ROS/NF-κB/IL-6/ MMP-9. CORM-2 can inhibit Ang II-induced ROS/NF-κB/IL-6/MMP-9-dependent HASMCs migration. The blockade of ROS by CORM-2 can be a preventive strategy of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Horng Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Fen Hsu
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi Campus, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy & Health Care, Tajen University, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Center for Drug Abuse and Addiction, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsueh Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hwey-Fang Liang
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Mei How
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Jium Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mei Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Hu X, De Silva TM, Chen J, Faraci FM. Cerebral Vascular Disease and Neurovascular Injury in Ischemic Stroke. Circ Res 2017; 120:449-471. [PMID: 28154097 PMCID: PMC5313039 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of cerebrovascular disease are among the leading health issues worldwide. Large and small cerebral vessel disease can trigger stroke and contribute to the vascular component of other forms of neurological dysfunction and degeneration. Both forms of vascular disease are driven by diverse risk factors, with hypertension as the leading contributor. Despite the importance of neurovascular disease and subsequent injury after ischemic events, fundamental knowledge in these areas lag behind our current understanding of neuroprotection and vascular biology in general. The goal of this review is to address select key structural and functional changes in the vasculature that promote hypoperfusion and ischemia, while also affecting the extent of injury and effectiveness of therapy. In addition, as damage to the blood-brain barrier is one of the major consequences of ischemia, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ischemia-induced changes in blood-brain barrier integrity and function, including alterations in endothelial cells and the contribution of pericytes, immune cells, and matrix metalloproteinases. Identification of cell types, pathways, and molecules that control vascular changes before and after ischemia may result in novel approaches to slow the progression of cerebrovascular disease and lessen both the frequency and impact of ischemic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Hu
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - T. Michael De Silva
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, 9 Ancora Imparo Way, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Jun Chen
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Frank M. Faraci
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA
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24
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Da Silva AR, Lenglet S, Carbone F, Burger F, Roth A, Liberale L, Bonaventura A, Dallegri F, Stergiopulos N, Santos RAS, Mach F, Fraga-Silva RA, Montecucco F. Alamandine abrogates neutrophil degranulation in atherosclerotic mice. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:117-128. [PMID: 27930810 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil-mediated inflammation was recently identified as an active contributor to athero-progression. Therapeutic strategies inhibiting neutrophil degranulation or recruitment were hypothesized to positively impact on plaque vulnerability. In this study, we investigated whether treatment with the recently discovered agonist of the Mas-related G-coupled receptor type D (MrgD) alamandine would impact on neutrophil degranulation in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen-week-old ApoE-/- mice were fed with a Western-type diet for an additional 11 weeks. After the first 2 weeks of diet, mice were surgically implanted with a carotid 'cast' device that alters the blood shear stress and induces different carotid plaque phenotypes. During the last 4 weeks before euthanasia, mice were randomly assigned to subcutaneously receive vehicle (NaCl 0·15 M) or alamandine (24 μg/kg/h) by micropump. For in vitro experiments, neutrophils were obtained after thioglycollate intraperitoneal injection in ApoE-/- mice. RESULTS Treatment with alamandine was well-tolerated, but failed to affect lipid, macrophage, neutrophil or collagen content within carotid and aortic root plaques. Also, treatment with alamandine did not affect Th-cell polarization in lymphoid organs. Conversely, alamandine administration was associated with a reduction in serum levels of neutrophil granule enzymes, such as MMP-9 and MPO as well as MMP-9 content within aortic root plaques. In vitro, preincubation with alamandine dose-dependently abrogated PMA-induced neutrophil degranulation of MMP-9 and MPO. CONCLUSION These results suggest that treatment with the MrgD agonist alamandine led to a reduced release of neutrophil granule products, potentially interfering with pro-atherosclerotic neutrophil activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Analina R Da Silva
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Specialties, Foundation for Medical Researches, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lenglet
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Specialties, Foundation for Medical Researches, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabienne Burger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Specialties, Foundation for Medical Researches, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Roth
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Specialties, Foundation for Medical Researches, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robson A S Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Specialties, Foundation for Medical Researches, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo A Fraga-Silva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa School of Medicine, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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25
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Li S, Wang YN, Niimi M, Ning B, Chen Y, Kang D, Wang Z, Yu Q, Waqar AB, Liu E, Zhang J, Shiomi M, Chen YE, Fan J. Angiotensin II Destabilizes Coronary Plaques in Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic Rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:810-816. [PMID: 26988589 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased plasma concentrations of angiotensin II (Ang II) have been implicated in many cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysms, and myocardial infarction, in humans. However, it is not known whether high levels of plasma Ang II affect coronary plaque stability and subsequent myocardial infarction. This study was designed to examine whether elevated plasma Ang II can directly induce coronary events, such as acute coronary syndrome. APPROACH AND RESULTS To examine the above hypothesis, we infused Ang II (100 ng/min per kg [low group] and 200 ng/min per kg [high group]) or saline vehicle via osmotic minipumps into Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits, a model of human familial hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Infusion of Ang II resulted in mortality rates of 50% and 92% in the low- and high-Ang II groups, respectively, whereas there were no deaths in the vehicle group. Pathological analysis revealed that Ang II-infused Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits that died showed myocardial infarction. Furthermore, Ang II-infused Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits exhibited coronary plaque erosion and rupture that were associated with thrombosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increased blood levels of Ang II can destabilize coronary plaques and trigger the thrombosis, which possibly induces myocardial infarction. The model described in this study provides a novel means for the study of human acute coronary syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Li
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yan-Ning Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Manabu Niimi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Bo Ning
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Dedong Kang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ziyun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ahmed Bilal Waqar
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Enqi Liu
- Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease and Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Masashi Shiomi
- Institute for Experimental Animals, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Diminazene enhances stability of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-deficient mice. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 74:103-113. [PMID: 26304699 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) II contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, while Ang-(1-7) has atheroprotective actions. Accordingly, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which breaks-down Ang II and forms Ang-(1-7), has been suggested as a target against atherosclerosis. Here we investigated the actions of diminazene, a recently developed ACE2 activator compound, in a model of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerotic plaque formation was induced in the carotid artery of ApoE-deficient mice by a shear stress (SS) modifier device. The animals were treated with diminazene (15mg/kg/day) or vehicle. ACE2 was strongly expressed in the aortic root and low SS-induced carotid plaques, but poorly expressed in the oscillatory SS-induced carotid plaques. Diminazene treatment did not change the lesion size, but ameliorated the composition of aortic root and low SS-induced carotid plaques by increasing collagen content and decreasing both MMP-9 expression and macrophage infiltration. Interestingly, these beneficial effects were not observed in the oscillatory SS-induced plaque. Additionally, diminazene treatment decreased intraplaque ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, circulating cytokine and chemokine levels and serum triglycerides. In summary, ACE2 was distinctively expressed in atherosclerotic plaques, which depends on the local pattern of shear stress. Moreover, diminazene treatment enhances the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.
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