1
|
Isaacs SR, Roy A, Dance B, Ward EJ, Foskett DB, Maxwell AJ, Rawlinson WD, Kim KW, Craig ME. Enteroviruses and risk of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled observational studies detecting viral nucleic acids and proteins. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023:S2213-8587(23)00122-5. [PMID: 37390839 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteroviruses are routinely detected with molecular methods within large cohorts that are at risk of type 1 diabetes. We aimed to examine the association between enteroviruses and either islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. METHODS For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed and Embase for controlled observational studies from inception until Jan 1, 2023. Cohort or case-control studies were eligible if enterovirus RNA or protein were detected in individuals with outcomes of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. Studies in pregnancy or other types of diabetes were excluded. Data extraction and appraisal involved author contact and deduplication, which was done independently by three reviewers. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and National Health and Medical Research Council levels of evidence. Pooled and subgroup meta-analyses were done in RevMan version 5.4, with random effects models and Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios (ORs; 95% CIs). The study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021278863. FINDINGS The search returned 3266 publications, with 897 full texts screened. Following deduplication, 113 eligible records corresponded to 60 studies (40 type 1 diabetes; nine islet autoimmunity; 11 both), comprising 12077 participants (5981 cases; 6096 controls). Study design and quality varied, generating substantial statistical heterogeneity. Meta-analysis of 56 studies showed associations between enteroviruses and islet autoimmunity (OR 2·1, 95% CI 1·3-3·3; p=0·002; n=18; heterogeneity χ2/df 2·69; p=0·0004; I2=63%), type 1 diabetes (OR 8·0, 95% CI 4·9-13·0; p<0·0001; n=48; χ2/df 6·75; p<0·0001; I2=85%), or within 1 month of type 1 diabetes (OR 16·2, 95% CI 8·6-30·5; p<0·0001; n=28; χ2/df 3·25; p<0·0001; I2=69%). Detection of either multiple or consecutive enteroviruses was associated with islet autoimmunity (OR 2·0, 95% CI 1·0-4·0; p=0·050; n=8). Detection of Enterovirus B was associated with type 1 diabetes (OR 12·7, 95% CI 4·1-39·1; p<0·0001; n=15). INTERPRETATION These findings highlight the association between enteroviruses and islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. Our data strengthen the rationale for vaccine development targeting diabetogenic enterovirus types, particularly those within Enterovirus B. Prospective studies of early life are needed to elucidate the role of enterovirus timing, type, and infection duration on the initiation of islet autoimmunity and the progression to type 1 diabetes. FUNDING Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, JDRF, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and University of New South Wales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia R Isaacs
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anju Roy
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brieana Dance
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily J Ward
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dylan B Foskett
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna J Maxwell
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William D Rawlinson
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ki Wook Kim
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria E Craig
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Serology and Virology Division (SAViD), NSW Health Pathology, Virology Research Laboratory, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Viruses and Endocrine Diseases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020361. [PMID: 36838326 PMCID: PMC9967810 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections have been frequently associated with physiological and pathological changes in the endocrine system for many years. The numerous early and late endocrine complications reported during the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinforce the relevance of improving our understanding of the impact of viral infections on the endocrine system. Several viruses have been shown to infect endocrine cells and induce endocrine system disturbances through the direct damage of these cells or through indirect mechanisms, especially the activation of the host antiviral immune response, which may lead to the development of local or systemic inflammation or organ-specific autoimmunity. In addition, endocrine disorders may also affect susceptibility to viral infections since endocrine hormones have immunoregulatory functions. This review provides a brief overview of the impact of viral infections on the human endocrine system in order to provide new avenues for the control of endocrine diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Valta M, Yoshihara M, Einarsdottir E, Pahkuri S, Ezer S, Katayama S, Knip M, Veijola R, Toppari J, Ilonen J, Kere J, Lempainen J. Viral infection-related gene upregulation in monocytes in children with signs of β-cell autoimmunity. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:703-713. [PMID: 35419920 PMCID: PMC9545759 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with genetic predisposition and immunological changes during presymptomatic disease. Differences in immune cell subset numbers and phenotypes between T1D patients and healthy controls have been described; however, the role and function of these changes in the pathogenesis is still unclear. Here we aimed to analyze the transcriptomic landscapes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during presymptomatic disease. METHODS Transcriptomic differences in PBMCs were compared between cases positive for islet autoantibodies and autoantibody negative controls (9 case-control pairs) and further in monocytes and lymphocytes separately in autoantibody positive subjects and control subjects (25 case-control pairs). RESULTS No significant differential expression was found in either data set. However, when gene set enrichment analysis was performed, the gene sets "defence response to virus" (FDR <0.001, ranking 2), "response to virus" (FDR <0.001, ranking 3) and "response to type I interferon" (FDR = 0.002, ranking 12) were enriched in the upregulated genes among PBMCs in cases. Upon further analysis, this was also seen in monocytes in cases (FDR = 0.01, ranking 2; FDR = 0.04, ranking 3 and FDR = 0.02, ranking 1, respectively) but not in lymphocytes. CONCLUSION Gene set enrichment analysis of children with T1D-associated autoimmunity revealed changes in pathways relevant for virus infection in PBMCs, particularly in monocytes. Virus infections have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of T1D. These results support the viral hypothesis by suggesting altered immune activation of viral immune pathways in monocytes during diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milla Valta
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Masahito Yoshihara
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene TechnologyKTH‐Royal Institute of TechnologySolnaSweden
| | - Sirpa Pahkuri
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Sini Ezer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramUniversity of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramUniversity of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular MetabolismFaculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland,Department of PediatricsTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Department of PediatricsUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramUniversity of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Johanna Lempainen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Department of PediatricsUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland,Clinical MicrobiologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nekoua MP, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Persistent coxsackievirus B infection and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:503-516. [PMID: 35650334 PMCID: PMC9157043 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although enteroviruses are primarily involved in acute and lytic infections in vitro and in vivo, they can also establish a persistent infection. Prospective epidemiological studies have strongly associated the persistence of enteroviruses, especially coxsackievirus B (CVB), with the appearance of islet autoantibodies and an increased risk of T1DM. CVB can persist in pancreatic ductal and β-cells, which leads to structural or functional alterations of these cells, and to a chronic inflammatory response that promotes recruitment and activation of pre-existing autoreactive T cells and β-cell autoimmune destruction. CVB persistence in other sites, such as the intestine, blood cells and thymus, has been described; these sites could serve as a reservoir for infection or reinfection of the pancreas, and this persistence could have a role in the disturbance of tolerance to β-cells. This Review addresses the involvement of persistent enterovirus infection in triggering islet autoimmunity and T1DM, as well as current strategies to control enterovirus infections for preventing or reducing the risk of T1DM onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nekoua MP, Mercier A, Alhazmi A, Sane F, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Fighting Enteroviral Infections to Prevent Type 1 Diabetes. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040768. [PMID: 35456818 PMCID: PMC9031364 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs), especially coxsackieviruses B (CVB), are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals that results in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Therefore, strategies are needed to fight against EV infections. There are no approved antiviral drugs currently available, but various antiviral drugs targeting viral or host cell proteins and vaccines have recently shown potential to combat CVB infections and may be used as new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reduce the risk of T1D and/or preserve β-cell function among patients with islet autoantibodies or T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Ambroise Mercier
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Alhazmi
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 82911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (M.P.N.); (A.M.); (A.A.); (F.S.); (E.K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-3-2044-6688
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both human cohort studies and experimental research exploring the potential roles and molecular mechanisms by which enterovirus infections can impact disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Lloyd
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Manasi Tamhankar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/CRC, Skane University Hospital, Malmö 214 28, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Geravandi S, Richardson S, Pugliese A, Maedler K. Localization of enteroviral RNA within the pancreas in donors with T1D and T1D-associated autoantibodies. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100371. [PMID: 34467248 PMCID: PMC8385321 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviral infections have been associated with autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D), but reliable methods to ascertain localization of single infected cells in the pancreas were missing. Using a single-molecule-based fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) method, we detected increased virus infection in pancreases from organ donors with T1D and with disease-associated autoantibodies (AAb+). Although virus-positive β cells are found at higher frequency in T1D pancreases, compared to control donors, but are scarce, most virus-positive cells are scattered in the exocrine pancreas. Augmented CD45+ lymphocytes in T1D pancreases show virus positivity or localization in close proximity to virus-positive cells. Many more infected cells were also found in spleens from T1D donors. The overall increased proportion of virus-positive cells in the pancreas of AAb+ and T1D organ donors suggests that enteroviruses are associated with immune cell infiltration, autoimmunity, and β cell destruction in both preclinical and diagnosed T1D. Enterovirus-infected cells are significantly increased in AAb+ and T1D pancreases Most of the virus-positive cells are scattered within the exocrine pancreas Virus-positive β cells are rare but more in T1D compared to control donors Also elevated in T1D donors, there is more infection in spleens than in pancreases
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Geravandi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,JDRF nPOD-Virus Group
| | - Sarah Richardson
- Islet Biology Group (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK.,JDRF nPOD-Virus Group
| | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leonard Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.,JDRF nPOD-Virus Group
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,JDRF nPOD-Virus Group
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alhazmi A, Nekoua MP, Michaux H, Sane F, Halouani A, Engelmann I, Alidjinou EK, Martens H, Jaidane H, Geenen V, Hober D. Effect of Coxsackievirus B4 Infection on the Thymus: Elucidating Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061177. [PMID: 34072590 PMCID: PMC8229779 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymus gland is a primary lymphoid organ for T-cell development. Various viral infections can result in disturbance of thymic functions. Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) are important for the negative selection of self-reactive T-cells to ensure central tolerance. Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is the dominant self-peptide of the insulin family expressed in mTECs and plays a crucial role in the intra-thymic programing of central tolerance to insulin-secreting islet β-cells. Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) can infect and persist in the thymus of humans and mice, thus hampering the T-cell maturation and differentiation process. The modulation of IGF2 expression and protein synthesis during a CVB4 infection has been observed in vitro and in vivo in mouse models. The effect of CVB4 infections on human and mouse fetal thymus has been studied in vitro. Moreover, following the inoculation of CVB4 in pregnant mice, the thymic function in the fetus and offspring was disturbed. A defect in the intra-thymic expression of self-peptides by mTECs may be triggered by CVB4. The effects of viral infections, especially CVB4 infection, on thymic cells and functions and their possible role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhazmi
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
- Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 82911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Hélène Michaux
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (H.M.); (H.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Aymen Halouani
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; (A.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
| | - Henri Martens
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (H.M.); (H.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Hela Jaidane
- Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; (A.H.); (H.J.)
| | - Vincent Geenen
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (H.M.); (H.M.); (V.G.)
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.A.); (M.P.N.); (F.S.); (I.E.); (E.K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)3-20-44-66-88
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sane F, Bertin A, Sioofy-Khojine AB, Oikarinen S, Alidjinou EK, Veijola R, Toppari J, Ilonen J, Knip M, Engelmann I, Hyöty H, Hober D. Enhancing and neutralizing anti-coxsackievirus activities in serum samples from patients prior to development of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3305. [PMID: 32118346 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in prospective cohorts have suggested that enterovirus infections are associated with the appearance of islet autoantibodies that precede later appearance of type 1 diabetes (T1D). It was shown that in addition to an antibody-mediated anti-coxsackievirus (CV)-B neutralizing activity of serum from patients with T1D, there was also enhancing anti-CV-B activity in vitro. In this study, the patterns of enhancing and neutralizing anti-CV activities were analysed from consecutive serum samples collected from children who were followed from birth until they developed T1D in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) study and compared to those in non-diabetic control children. METHODS The titres of serum neutralizing activity were analysed against those CVs which were detected in the stools in these children (CV-B3, CV-B5 or CV-A4) using plaque assay. The enhancing activity of these serum samples was analysed by measuring interferon-alpha (INF-α) production in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) inoculated with a mixture of these viruses and diluted serum. RESULTS A sustained anti-CV enhancing activity was observed in consecutive serum samples in patients with T1D. The pattern of responses differed between children who developed T1D and control children. In patients, the anti-CV enhancing activity was predominant or even exclusive over the neutralizing activity, whereas in controls the enhancing and neutralising activities were more balanced or the neutralizing activity was largely predominant. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating the anti-enterovirus neutralizing and enhancing activity of serum samples can be useful to investigate further the relationship between enteroviruses and the development of T1D.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Coxsackievirus Infections/immunology
- Coxsackievirus Infections/virology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/virology
- Enterovirus B, Human/immunology
- Enterovirus B, Human/isolation & purification
- Female
- Finland/epidemiology
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/virology
- Male
- Prognosis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Famara Sane
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610 F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610 F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Amir-Babak Sioofy-Khojine
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Enagnon K Alidjinou
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610 F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Paediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610 F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Didier Hober
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de virologie ULR3610 F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dechaumes A, Bertin A, Sane F, Levet S, Varghese J, Charvet B, Gmyr V, Kerr-Conte J, Pierquin J, Arunkumar G, Pattou F, Perron H, Hober D. Coxsackievirus-B4 Infection Can Induce the Expression of Human Endogenous Retrovirus W in Primary Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1335. [PMID: 32883004 PMCID: PMC7563422 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Endogenous Retrovirus W Envelope (HERV-W ENV) mRNA or protein can be found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and exocrine pancreas of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Further, previous observations have shown an association between enteroviral infection and development of T1D; specifically, coxsackievirus-B (CV-B) has been detected in the blood and pancreas of patients with T1D. Notably, viruses can activate HERV-W expression. Hence, we evaluated the effect of CV-B4 infection on HERV-W ENV mRNA expression. Primary human pancreatic ductal cells were obtained from five brain-dead donors. In the pancreatic cells of three donors, the HERV-W ENV mRNA level measured using RT-qPCR was upregulated upon CV-B4 infection. The HERV-W ENV protein was detected in the infected cells using the immunoblot assay. In human PBMCs inoculated with CV-B4 or when CV-B4 was incubated with an enhancing serum, the HERV-W ENV mRNA level was higher than the background RNA level. In monocyte-derived macrophages obtained from 5 of 13 donors, the HERV-W ENV mRNA level was higher in cultures inoculated with CV-B4 than in the control. Therefore, CV-B4 can upregulate or induce the transcription of a certain HERV-W ENV copy (or copies) in primary cell cultures, such as monocytes, macrophages, and pancreatic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Dechaumes
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610 Univ Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.D.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610 Univ Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.D.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Famara Sane
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610 Univ Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.D.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (J.V.)
| | - Sandrine Levet
- Geneuro Innovation, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.L.); (B.C.); (J.P.); (H.P.)
| | - Jennifer Varghese
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610 Univ Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.D.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (J.V.)
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka 576104, India;
| | - Benjamin Charvet
- Geneuro Innovation, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.L.); (B.C.); (J.P.); (H.P.)
| | - Valéry Gmyr
- U1190 Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000 Lille, France; (V.G.); (J.K.-C.); (F.P.)
| | - Julie Kerr-Conte
- U1190 Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000 Lille, France; (V.G.); (J.K.-C.); (F.P.)
| | - Justine Pierquin
- Geneuro Innovation, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.L.); (B.C.); (J.P.); (H.P.)
| | | | - François Pattou
- U1190 Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000 Lille, France; (V.G.); (J.K.-C.); (F.P.)
| | - Hervé Perron
- Geneuro Innovation, 69008 Lyon, France; (S.L.); (B.C.); (J.P.); (H.P.)
- Geneuro SA, 1228 Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculté de Médecine Laënnec, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610 Univ Lille, CHU Lille, 59000 Lille, France; (A.D.); (A.B.); (F.S.); (J.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nekoua MP, Bertin A, Sane F, Alidjinou EK, Lobert D, Trauet J, Hober C, Engelmann I, Moutairou K, Yessoufou A, Hober D. Pancreatic beta cells persistently infected with coxsackievirus B4 are targets of NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:179-194. [PMID: 31172216 PMCID: PMC11104831 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the persistence of coxsackieviruses-B (CV-B) in pancreatic beta cells plays a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet, immunological effectors, especially natural killer (NK) cells, are supposed to clear virus-infected cells. Therefore, an evaluation of the response of NK cells to pancreatic beta cells persistently infected with CV-B4 was conducted. A persistent CV-B4 infection was established in 1.1B4 pancreatic beta cells. Infectious particles were found in supernatants throughout the culture period. The proportion of cells containing viral protein VP1 was low (< 5%), although a large proportion of cells harbored viral RNA (around 50%), whilst cell viability was preserved. HLA class I cell surface expression was downregulated in persistently infected cultures, but HLA class I mRNA levels were unchanged in comparison with mock-infected cells. The cytolytic activities of IL-2-activated non-adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and of NK cells were higher towards persistently infected cells than towards mock-infected cells, as assessed by an LDH release assay. Impaired cytolytic activity of IL-2-activated non-adherent PBMCs from patients with T1D towards infected beta cells was observed. In conclusion, pancreatic beta cells persistently infected with CV-B4 can be lysed by NK cells, implying that impaired cytolytic activity of these effector cells may play a role in the persistence of CV-B in the host and thus in the viral pathogenesis of T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Famara Sane
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Lobert
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Trauet
- Université de Lille, INSERM U995, LIRIC-Lille, CHU de Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christine Hober
- Polyclinique, Service de Médecine Programmée, 62000, Henin-Beaumont, France
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Akadiri Yessoufou
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Didier Hober
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France.
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Centre Paul Boulanger, Hôpital A Calmette, CHRU, Boulevard du Professeur Jules Leclercq, 59037, Lille Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to discuss recent data pointing at an involvement of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset and progression. RECENT FINDINGS The envelope protein of HERV-W family, named HERV-W-Env, was detected in pancreata from T1D patients and was shown to display pro-inflammatory properties and direct toxicity toward pancreatic beta cells. The etiopathogenesis of T1D remains elusive, even if conventional environmental viral infections have been recurrently involved. Nonetheless, a new category of pathogens may provide the missing link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors long thought to contribute to T1D onset. A number of studies have now shown that HERV sequences, which are normally inactivated or repressed in the human genome, could be activated by environmental viruses. Thus, if similarly activated by viruses associated with T1D, disregarded HERV genes may underlie T1D genetic susceptibility. Moreover, once expressed, HERV elements may display broad pathogenic properties, which identify them as potential new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Levet
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - B. Charvet
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - A. Bertin
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A. Deschaumes
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - H. Perron
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire des déficits immunitaires, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Plan-les-Ouates, GeNeuro SA, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Hober
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Marcken M, Dhaliwal K, Danielsen AC, Gautron AS, Dominguez-Villar M. TLR7 and TLR8 activate distinct pathways in monocytes during RNA virus infection. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/605/eaaw1347. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw1347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human blood CD14+monocytes are bone marrow–derived white blood cells that sense and respond to pathogens. Although innate immune activation by RNA viruses preferentially occurs through intracellular RIG-I–like receptors, other nucleic acid recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), play a role in finely programming the final outcome of virus infection. Here, we dissected how human monocytes respond to infection with either Coxsackie (CV), encephalomyocarditis (EMCV), influenza A (IAV), measles (MV), Sendai (SV), or vesicular stomatitis (VSV) virus. We found that in monocytes, type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine responses to infection were RNA virus specific and differentially involved TLR7 and TLR8, which sense single-stranded RNA. These TLRs activated distinct signaling cascades in monocytes, which correlated with differences in the production of cytokines involved in the polarization of CD4+T helper cells. Furthermore, we found that TLR7 signaling specifically increased expression of the transcription factor FOSL1, which reduced IL-27 and TNFα production by monocytes. TLR7, but not TLR8, activation of monocytes also stimulated Ca2+flux that prevented type I IFN responses. Our work demonstrates that in human monocytes, TLR7 and TLR8 triggered different signaling pathways that contribute to distinct phenotypes during RNA virus infection. In addition, we defined individual targets within these pathways that promoted specific T helper and antiviral responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine de Marcken
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Khushwant Dhaliwal
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xia Y, Xie Z, Huang G, Zhou Z. Incidence and trend of type 1 diabetes and the underlying environmental determinants. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3075. [PMID: 30207035 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of epidemiological studies concerning the distribution of type 1 diabetes (T1D) around the world have pointed to the appreciable variation in the incidence of T1D among disparate age groups, ethnicities, and geographical locations. On the whole, the incidence of childhood T1D has been on the rise, and a plausible inverse relationship between the initial incidence rate and the following annual increase in incidence has been raised. Countries that used to exhibit lower incidences tend to have steep annual increase whereas those with already-established high incidences are more likely to show a modest increase or even stabilization in T1D incidence. Environmental agents considered responsible for the current evolving pattern of T1D incidence will be detailed, mainly including the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, viral infections in a chronic manner, maternal-child interaction such as breastfeeding, and latitude-ultraviolet B-vitamin D pathway. Certain rationale has been put forward in an attempt to explain the potential association between environmental agents and development of T1D. For instance, accelerator hypothesis regards insulin resistance as the promoter of earlier disease onset in obese children whereas the negative correlation of microbial infections in background populations with incidence of T1D represents the basic component of the hygiene hypothesis. Further investigations are still warranted to verify these theories across multiple ethnic groups and to identify additional contributors to the variation in T1D incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education; National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Atanasova ND, Dey R, Scott C, Li Q, Pang XL, Ashbolt NJ. Persistence of infectious Enterovirus within free-living amoebae - A novel waterborne risk pathway? WATER RESEARCH 2018; 144:204-214. [PMID: 30031365 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Free-living amoebae (FLA) are phagocytic protozoa found in natural and engineered water systems. They can form disinfectant-resistant cysts, which can harbor various human pathogenic bacteria, therefore providing them with a means of environmental persistence and dispersion through water distribution and other engineered water systems. The association of FLA with human viruses has been raised, but the limited data on the persistence of infectious virions within amoebae leaves this aspect unresolved. Enteroviruses can cause a wide range of illness and replicate in human respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, both of which could be exposed through contact with contaminated waters if virus detection and removal are compromised by virion internalization in free-living protozoa. This is especially problematic for high-risk contaminants, such as coxsackieviruses, representative members of the Enterovirus genus that are likely infectious at low doses and cause a variety of symptoms to a vulnerable portion of the population (particularly infants). To investigate Enterovirus persistence within free-living amoebae we co-cultured an infectious clinical coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) isolate, with the commonly reported tap water amoeba Vermamoeba vermiformis, after which we tracked virus localization and persistence in co-culture over time through a combination of advanced imaging, molecular and cell culture assays. Our results clearly demonstrate that infectious CVB5 can persist in all life stages of the amoebae without causing any visible injury to them. We also demonstrated that the amoeba generated vesicles containing virions that were expelled into the bulk liquid surroundings, a finding previously described for FLA-bacteria interactions, but not for FLA and human pathogenic viruses. Therefore, our findings suggest that the ability of CVB5 to persist in V. vermiformis could be a novel waterborne risk pathway for the persistence and dispersion of infectious human enteric viruses through water systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki D Atanasova
- Dept. Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 6-020 Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Rafik Dey
- Dept. Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 6-020 Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada; School of Public Health, Room 3-57D, South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Candis Scott
- School of Public Health, Room 3-57D, South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qiaozhi Li
- School of Public Health, Room 3-57D, South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xiao-Li Pang
- Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Ashbolt
- Dept. Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 6-020 Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada; School of Public Health, Room 3-57D, South Academic Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Benkahla M, Elmastour F, Sane F, Vreulx AC, Engelmann I, Desailloud R, Jaidane H, Alidjinou E, Hober D. Coxsackievirus-B4E2 can infect monocytes and macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Virology 2018; 522:271-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
17
|
Nekoua MP, Yessoufou A, Alidjinou EK, Badia-Boungou F, Moutairou K, Sane F, Hober D. Salivary anti-coxsackievirus-B4 neutralizing activity and pattern of immune parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:827-834. [PMID: 29774468 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Enteroviruses, especially coxsackieviruses B (CV-B), have been associated with the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). An anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity in saliva of T1D patients was previously reported. Our aim was to study the association between the saliva anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity and immune parameters in T1D patients in comparison with non-diabetic individuals. METHODS Saliva and blood samples were collected from 15 T1D patients and 8 controls. The anti-CV-B4 and anti-poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) activities of saliva and serum samples were determined by a plaque neutralization assay. Quantification of serum cytokines was performed by ELISA and the frequencies of lymphocyte subsets were evaluated using flow cytometry. RESULTS The levels of salivary anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity were higher in T1D patients than in controls (p = 0.02), whereas the serum levels of anti-CV-B4 neutralizing activity and the saliva and serum levels of anti-PV-1 neutralizing activity were not different. The proportions of effector CD4+ T cells and CD19+ B cells, but not those of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, were higher in T1D patients than in controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01 respectively). Moreover, serum IFN-γ levels were lower in T1D patients compared to controls (p = 0.03) while IL-4 and IL-10 were not different. There was an association between saliva anti-CV-B4 activity, down-regulation of IFN-γ and B cell expansion in peripheral blood of T1D patients. CONCLUSION The association between saliva anti-CV-B4 activity and disturbance of immune system in T1D patients deserves further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Akadiri Yessoufou
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Francis Badia-Boungou
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie Cellulaires, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Famara Sane
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, 59000, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Elmastour F, Jaïdane H, Benkahla M, Aguech-Oueslati L, Sane F, Halouani A, Engelmann I, Bertin A, Mokni M, Gharbi J, Aouni M, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Anti-coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) enhancing activity of serum associated with increased viral load and pathology in mice reinfected with CV-B4. Virulence 2017; 8:908-923. [PMID: 27792461 PMCID: PMC5626334 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1252018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous studies it was shown that inoculation of Swiss albino mice with CV-B4 E2 resulted in the production of serum IgG capable of enhancing the CV-B4 E2 infection of murine spleen cells cultures. To investigate whether such an enhancing activity of serum can play a role in vivo, we decided to study the CV-B4 E2 infection in mice exposed to successive inoculations of virus. In Swiss albino mice infected with CV-B4 E2 at the age of 21 days, anti-CV-B4 E2 neutralizing and enhancing activities of their serum peaked after 55 d. In contrast, mice inoculated at the age of 55 d expressed much lower activities. Despite the neutralizing activity of serum, CV-B4 E2 inoculated a second time to 55 day-old animals spread into the host. At the age of 72 and 89 d the levels of viral RNA and infectious particles were higher in organs of animals exposed to 2 successive infections compared with animals infected once at the age of 21 d or 55 d. In animals with 2 successive inoculations of CV-B4 E2 there was a relationship between the anti-CV-B4 E2 enhancing activity of serum and the level of viral RNA in organs and an enhancement of pathology was observed as displayed by histological analysis of pancreas and hyperglycaemia. Altogether our data strongly suggest that an anti-CV-B4 E2 enhancing activity in the host can play a role in the outcome of a secondary infection with this virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Elmastour
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Jaïdane
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Benkahla
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Leila Aguech-Oueslati
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Famara Sane
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Aymen Halouani
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ilka Engelmann
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Bertin
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Moncef Mokni
- Université de Sousse, CHU Farhat Hached, Service d'Anatomopathologie, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jawhar Gharbi
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- Université de Monastir, Laboratoire des Maladies Transmissibles et Substances Biologiquement Actives LR99ES27, Faculté de Pharmacie de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Enagnon K. Alidjinou
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie/EA3610, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Revealing enterovirus infection in chronic human disorders: An integrated diagnostic approach. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5013. [PMID: 28694527 PMCID: PMC5504018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) causing persisting infection are characterized by minimal replication and genetic changes. Typing of these agents may complement disease assessment and shed light on pathogenesis. Here we report an integrated approach for EV detection in human samples that is based on pre-enrichment of virus in cell culture before search for the viral genome and viral antigens. Cases of post-polio syndrome, type 1 diabetes, and chronic cardiomyopathy were investigated. As tissue-based approaches require invasive procedures, information was mainly gleaned from virus in blood. Molecular assays targeting conserved genome regions of all EV types (5'UTR, 2 C, 3Dpol) were employed. As compared to direct assays of plasma or leukocytes, the EV detection rate was significantly enhanced by co-culture of leukocytes with cell lines prior to molecular and immunologic tests. Results of RT-PCR and sequencing were confirmed by staining cell cultures with a panel of EV-specific antibodies. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that EVs of the C species (polioviruses) were associated with the post-polio syndrome, while members of the B species were found in type 1 diabetes and cardiomyopathy. The procedure may be used for investigating the possible association of different EVs with a variety of chronic neurologic, endocrine, and cardiac disorders.
Collapse
|
20
|
Engelmann I, Dewilde A, Lazrek M, Batteux M, Hamissi A, Yakoub-Agha I, Hober D. In Vivo Persistence of Human Rhinoviruses in Immunosuppressed Patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170774. [PMID: 28151988 PMCID: PMC5289482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of the genus Enterovirus cause persistent infections in humans. Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are generally self-limiting but occasionally persistent infections have been described. This study aimed to identify persistent HRV infections and investigate the clinical and virologic characteristics of patients with persistent infections. From January 2012 to March 2015, 3714 respiratory specimens from 2608 patients were tested for respiratory viruses by using a multiplex reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. A retrospective study was performed. Patients with at least two specimens positive for HRV/enterovirus taken 45 days or longer apart were identified and the HRV/enteroviruses were typed. Patients with persistent infection were compared to patients with reinfection and patients with cleared infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral protein(VP)4/VP2 region was performed. 18 patients with persistent HRV/enterovirus infection were identified. Minimum median duration of persistence was 92 days (range 50–455 days). All but one patients with persistence were immunosuppressed. Immunosuppression and hematologic disorders were more frequent in patients with persistence (n = 18) than in patients with reinfection (n = 33) and with cleared infection (n = 25) (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, this retrospective study identified HRV persistence in vivo which occurred mainly in immunosuppressed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Engelmann
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA 3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille et CHU Lille, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Anny Dewilde
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA 3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille et CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mouna Lazrek
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA 3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille et CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Batteux
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA 3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille et CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aminati Hamissi
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA 3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille et CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha
- Maladies du Sang, CHU Lille et Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U995, LIRIC, Lille, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie EA 3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université Lille et CHU Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Maccari G, Genoni A, Sansonno S, Toniolo A. Properties of Two Enterovirus Antibodies that are Utilized in Diabetes Research. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24757. [PMID: 27091243 PMCID: PMC4835795 DOI: 10.1038/srep24757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human enteroviruses (EVs) comprise >100 different types. Research suggests a non-chance association between EV infections and type 1 diabetes. Immunohistochemical studies with the anti-EV antibody 5D-8.1 have shown that the EV capsid antigen is present in pancreatic islet cells of diabetic subjects. When it was noticed that 5D-8.1 may cross-react with human proteins, doubt was casted on the significance of the above histopathologic findings. To address this issue, properties of EV antibodies 5D-8.1 and 9D5 have been investigated using peptide microarrays, peptide substitution scanning, immunofluorescence of EV-infected cells, EV neutralization assays, bioinformatics analysis. Evidence indicates that the two antibodies bind to distinct non-neutralizing linear epitopes in VP1 and are specific for a vast spectrum of EV types (not for other human viruses). However, their epitopes may align with a few human proteins at low expected values. When tested by immunofluorescence, high concentrations of 5D-8.1 yelded faint cytoplasmic staining in uninfected cells. At reduced concentrations, both antibodies produced dotted staining only in the cytoplasm of infected cells and recognized both acute and persistent EV infection. Thus, the two monoclonals represent distinct and independent probes for hunting EVs in tissues of patients with diabetes or other endocrine conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maccari
- Center for Nanotechnology and Innovation, Italian Institute of Technology, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Genoni
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Sansonno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio Toniolo
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alidjinou EK, Sané F, Trauet J, Copin MC, Hober D. Coxsackievirus B4 Can Infect Human Peripheral Blood-Derived Macrophages. Viruses 2015; 7:6067-79. [PMID: 26610550 PMCID: PMC4664995 DOI: 10.3390/v7112924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond acute infections, group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are also reported to play a role in the development of chronic diseases, like type 1 diabetes. The viral pathogenesis mainly relies on the interplay between the viruses and innate immune response in genetically-susceptible individuals. We investigated the interaction between CVB4 and macrophages considered as major players in immune response. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) generated with either M-CSF or GM-CSF were inoculated with CVB4, and infection, inflammation, viral replication and persistence were assessed. M-CSF-induced MDM, but not GM-CSF-induced MDM, can be infected by CVB4. In addition, enhancing serum was not needed to infect MDM in contrast with parental monocytes. The expression of viral receptor (CAR) mRNA was similar in both M-CSF and GM-CSF MDM. CVB4 induced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) in both MDM populations. CVB4 effectively replicated and persisted in M-CSF MDM, but IFNα was produced in the early phase of infection only. Our results demonstrate that CVB4 can replicate and persist in MDM. Further investigations are required to determine whether the interaction between the virus and MDM plays a role in the pathogenesis of CVB-induced chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Famara Sané
- Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Jacques Trauet
- Laboratoire d'immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Marie-Christine Copin
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille 59037, France.
| |
Collapse
|