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Liu C, Xiong J, Yi X, Song S, Yang H, Tan W, Yang X, Zheng L, Yu J, Xu C. Decreased plasma ELABELA level as a novel screening indicator for heart failure: a cohort and observational study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11333. [PMID: 38760403 PMCID: PMC11101417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The predictive power of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is limited by its low specificity in patients with heart failure (HF). Discovery of more novel biomarkers for HF better diagnosis is necessary and urgent. ELABELA, an early endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ (Apelin peptide jejunum, Apelin receptor), exhibits cardioprotective actions. However, the relationship between plasma ELABELA and cardiac function in HF patients is unclear. To evaluate plasma ELABELA level and its diagnostic value in HF patients, a total of 335 patients with or without HF were recruited for our monocentric observational study. Plasma ELABELA and Apelin levels were detected by immunoassay in all patients. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between plasma ELABELA or Apelin levels and study variables. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to access the predictive power of plasma ELABELA or Apelin levels. Plasma ELABELA levels were lower, while plasma Apelin levels were higher in HF patients than in non-HF patients. Plasma ELABELA levels were gradually decreased with increasing New York Heart Association grade or decreasing LVEF. Plasma ELABELA levels were negatively correlated with BNP, left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness and positively correlated with LVEF in HF patients. In contrast, the correlation between plasma Apelin levels and these parameters is utterly opposite to ELABELA. The diagnostic value of ELABELA, Apelin, and LVEF for all HF patients was 0.835, 0.673, and 0.612; the sensitivity was 62.52, 66.20, and 32.97%; and the specificity was 95.92, 67.23, and 87.49%, respectively. All these parameters in HF patients with preserved ejection fraction were comparable to those in total HF patients. Overall, plasma ELABELA levels were significantly reduced and negatively correlated with cardiac function in HF patients. Decreased plasma ELABELA levels may function as a novel screening biomarker for HF. A combined assessment of BNP and ELABELA may be a good choice to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Liu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaoli Yi
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Huiru Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Wenting Tan
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lixiang Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Zeng GG, Tang SS, Jiang WL, Yu J, Nie GY, Tang CK. Apelin-13: A Protective Role in Vascular Diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102088. [PMID: 37716542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular disease is a common problem with high mortality all over the world. Apelin-13, a key subtype of apelin, takes part in many physiological and pathological responses via regulating many target genes and target molecules or participating in many signaling pathways. More and more studies have demonstrated that apelin-13 is implicated in the onset and progression of vascular disease in recent years. It has been shown that apelin-13 could ameliorate vascular disease by inhibiting inflammation, restraining apoptosis, suppressing oxidative stress, and facilitating autophagy. In this article, we sum up the progress of apelin-13 in the occurrence and development of vascular disease and offer some insightful views about the treatment and prevention strategies of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Gui Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang-Shu Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Li Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Ying Nie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; The Seventh Affiliated Hospital University of South China/ Hunan Veterans Administration Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, Hunan, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Chapman FA, Maguire JJ, Newby DE, Davenport AP, Dhaun N. Targeting the apelin system for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2683-2696. [PMID: 37956047 PMCID: PMC10757586 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Its prevalence is rising due to ageing populations and the increasing incidence of diseases such as chronic kidney disease, obesity, and diabetes that are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Despite currently available treatments, there remains a huge burden of cardiovascular disease-associated morbidity for patients and healthcare systems, and newer treatments are needed. The apelin system, comprising the apelin receptor and its two endogenous ligands apelin and elabela, is a broad regulator of physiology that opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin and vasopressin systems. Activation of the apelin receptor promotes endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and inotropy, lowers blood pressure, and promotes angiogenesis. The apelin system appears to protect against arrhythmias, inhibits thrombosis, and has broad anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. It also promotes aqueous diuresis through direct and indirect (central) effects in the kidney. Thus, the apelin system offers therapeutic promise for a range of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases. This review will discuss current cardiovascular disease targets of the apelin system and future clinical utility of apelin receptor agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Chapman
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Neeraj Dhaun
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Cardoso Dos Santos LM, Azar P, Brun C, König S, Roatti A, Baertschi AJ, Chaabane C, Bochaton-Piallat ML. Apelin is expressed in intimal smooth muscle cells and promotes their phenotypic transition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18736. [PMID: 37907514 PMCID: PMC10618247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During atherosclerotic plaque formation, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) switch from a contractile/differentiated to a synthetic/dedifferentiated phenotype. We previously isolated differentiated spindle-shaped (S) and dedifferentiated rhomboid (R) SMCs from porcine coronary artery. R-SMCs express S100A4, a calcium-binding protein. We investigated the role of apelin in this phenotypic conversion, as well as its relationship with S100A4. We found that apelin was highly expressed in R-SMCs compared with S-SMCs. We observed a nuclear expression of apelin in SMCs within experimentally-induced intimal thickening of the porcine coronary artery and rat aorta. Plasmids targeting apelin to the nucleus (N. Ap) and to the secretory vesicles (S. Ap) were transfected into S-SMCs where apelin was barely detectable. Both plasmids induced the SMC transition towards a R-phenotype. Overexpression of N. Ap, and to a lesser degree S. Ap, led to a nuclear localization of S100A4. Stimulation of S-SMCs with platelet-derived growth factor-BB, known to induce the transition toward the R-phenotype, yielded the direct interaction and nuclear expression of both apelin and S100A4. In conclusion, apelin induces a SMC phenotypic transition towards the synthetic phenotype. These results suggest that apelin acts via nuclear re-localization of S100A4, raising the possibility of a new pro-atherogenic relationship between apelin and S100A4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Azar
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cécile Brun
- Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane König
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Angela Roatti
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alex J Baertschi
- Department of Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chiraz Chaabane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Gao S, Chen H. Therapeutic potential of apelin and Elabela in cardiovascular disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115268. [PMID: 37562237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin and Elabela (Ela) are peptides encoded by APLN and APELA, respectively, which act on their receptor APJ and play crucial roles in the body. Recent research has shown that they not only have important effects on the endocrine system, but also promote vascular development and maintain the homeostasis of myocardial cells. From a molecular biology perspective, we explored the roles of Ela and apelin in the cardiovascular system and summarized the mechanisms of apelin-APJ signaling in the progression of myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, preeclampsia, and congenital heart disease. Evidences indicated that apelin and Ela play important roles in cardiovascular diseases, and there are many studies focused on developing apelin, Ela, and their analogues for clinical treatments. However, the literature on the therapeutic potential of apelin, Ela and their analogues and other APJ agonists in the cardiovascular system is still limited. This review summarized the regulatory pathways of apelin/ELA-APJ axis in cardiovascular function and cardiovascular-related diseases, and the therapeutic effects of their analogues in cardiovascular diseases were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghan Gao
- Department of Histology and embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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Xu C. Cardiovascular aspects of ELABELA: A potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 151:107193. [PMID: 37433415 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
ELABELA, an early endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ (apelin peptide jejunum, apelin receptor), has been known as an important regulator in cardiovascular homeostasis and may be a novel therapeutic target for multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). At the physiological level, ELABELA exhibits angiogenic and vasorelaxant effects and is essential for heart development. At the pathological level, circulating ELABELA levels may be a novel diagnostic biomarker for various CVDs. ELABELA peripherally displays antihypertensive, vascular-protective, and cardioprotective effects, whereas central administration of ELABELA elevated BP and caused cardiovascular remodeling. This review highlights the physiological and pathological roles of ELABELA in the cardiovascular system. Enhancement of the peripheral ELABELA may be a promising pharmacological therapeutic strategy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330002, Jiangxi, China.
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Zhang Y, Weng J, Huan L, Sheng S, Xu F. Mitophagy in atherosclerosis: from mechanism to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165507. [PMID: 37261351 PMCID: PMC10228545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that can selectively eliminate damaged and depolarized mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial activity and cellular homeostasis. Several pathways have been found to participate in different steps of mitophagy. Mitophagy plays a significant role in the homeostasis and physiological function of vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, and is involved in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). At present, many medications and natural chemicals have been shown to alter mitophagy and slow the progression of AS. This review serves as an introduction to the field of mitophagy for researchers interested in targeting this pathway as part of a potential AS management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Weng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Huan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Sheng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Chen Z, Luo X, Liu M, Jiang J, Li Y, Huang Z, Wang L, Cao J, He L, Huang S, Hu H, Li L, Chen L. Elabela-apelin-12, 17, 36/APJ system promotes platelet aggregation and thrombosis via activating the PANX1-P2X7 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:586-605. [PMID: 36855998 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The elabela-apelin/angiotensin domain type 1 receptor-associated protein (APJ) system is an important regulator in certain thrombosis-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction. Our previous reports have revealed that apelin exacerbates atherosclerotic lesions. However, the relationship between the elabela-apelin/APJ system and platelet aggregation and atherothrombosis is unclear. The results of the present study demonstrate that elabela and other endogenous ligands such as apelin-12, -17, and -36 induce platelet aggregation and thrombosis by activating the pannexin1(PANX1)-P2X7 signaling pathway. Interestingly, the diuretic, spironolactone, a novel PANX1 inhibitor, alleviated elabela- and apelin isoforms-induced platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Significantly, two potential antithrombotic drugs were screened out by targeting APJ receptors, including the anti-HIV ancillary drug cobicistat and the traditional Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin A. Both cobicistat and Schisandrin A abolished the effects of elabela and apelin isoforms on platelet aggregation, thrombosis, and cerebral infarction. In addition, cobicistat significantly attenuated thrombosis in a ponatinib-induced zebrafish trunk model. Overall, the elabela-apelin/APJ axis mediated platelet aggregation and thrombosis via the PANX1-P2X7 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Blocking the APJ receptor with cobicistat/Schisandrin A or inhibiting PANX1 with spironolactone may provide novel therapeutic strategies against thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Meiqing Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jinyong Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yao Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiangang Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lu He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shifang Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Haoliang Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Changde Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedicine, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hengyang Medical School, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Zhang Y, Jiang W, Sun W, Guo W, Xia B, Shen X, Fu M, Wan T, Yuan M. Neuroprotective Roles of Apelin-13 in Neurological Diseases. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1648-1662. [PMID: 36745269 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is a natural ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ, and the apelin/APJ system is widely distributed in vivo. Among the apelin family, apelin-13 is the major apelin isoform in the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and is involved in the regulation of various physiopathological mechanisms such as apoptosis, neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress. Apelin is currently being extensively studied in the nervous system, and apelin-13 has been shown to be associated with the onset and progression of a variety of neurological disorders, including stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, spinal cord injury (SCI), and psychiatric diseases. This study summarizes the pathophysiological roles of apelin-13 in the development and progression of neurological related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weiming Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Beibei Xia
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangru Shen
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyuan Fu
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Department of Neurology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China. .,Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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Zhang L, Li L, Li Y, Jiang H, Sun Z, Zang G, Qian Y, Shao C, Wang Z. Disruption of COMMD1 accelerates diabetic atherosclerosis by promoting glycolysis. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2023; 20:14791641231159009. [PMID: 36803109 PMCID: PMC9941604 DOI: 10.1177/14791641231159009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes will lead to serious complications, of which atherosclerosis is the most dangerous. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of diabetic atherosclerosis. METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed with an high-fat diet diet and injected with streptozotocin to establish an in vivo diabetic atherosclerotic model. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein particles (ox-LDL) and high glucose to produce an in vitro diabetic atherosclerotic model. RESULTS In this study, we showed that diabetes promoted the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice and that high glucose potentiates macrophage proinflammatory activation and foam cell formation. Mechanistically, Copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing 1(COMMD1) deficiency increased proinflammatory activation and foam cell formation, characterized by increased glycolysis, and then accelerated the process of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) reversed this effect. CONCLUSION Taken together, we provided evidence that the lack of COMMD1 accelerates diabetic atherosclerosis via mediating the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages. Our study provides evidence of a protective role for COMMD1 and establishes COMMD1 as a potential therapeutic strategy in patients with diabetic atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yalan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongjiang Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Zhongqun Wang, Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang, Zhenjiang 212001, China.
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Li J, Chen Z, Chen J, Yu Y. The beneficial roles of apelin-13/APJ system in cerebral ischemia: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903151. [PMID: 36034795 PMCID: PMC9399844 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cerebral ischemia has increased in the past decades, and the high fatality and disability rates seriously affect human health. Apelin is a bioactive peptide and the ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Both are ubiquitously expressed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and regulate various physiological and pathological process in the cardiovascular, nervous and endocrine systems. Apelin-13 is one of the subtypes of apelin, and the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway protects against cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting excitotoxicity and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we have discussed the role of apelin-13 in the regulation of cerebral ischemia and the underlying mechanisms, along with the therapeutic potential of the apelin-13/APJ signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Tuina, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyu Chen, ; Yue Yu,
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12
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Sinitsky MY, Dyleva YA, Uchasova EG, Belik EV, Yuzhalin AE, Gruzdeva OV, Matveeva VG, Ponasenko AV. Adipokine gene expression in adipocytes isolated from different fat depots of coronary artery disease patients. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:261-269. [PMID: 31595792 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1674338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To compare DPP4, LCN2, NAMPT, ITLN1, APLN mRNA levels in adipocytes isolated from the biopsies of subcutaneous, epicardial and perivascular fat obtained from 25 patients with coronary artery disease. Gene expression signature was determined by RT-qPCR with hydrolysis probes. We found DPP4 and APLN mRNA was higher expressed only in adipocytes isolated from epicardial adipose tissue compared to the subcutaneous fat. The ITLN1 gene was overexpressed in epicardial adipose tissue compared to both subcutaneous and perivascular tissues. APLN mRNA expression was positively correlated with total and LDL cholesterol plasma level, and DPP4 mRNA expression - with VLDL cholesterol concentration. Thus, adipocytes isolated from different adipose depots are characterised by differential gene expression of adipokines. Epicardial adipose tissue is of particular interest in the context of its function, molecular and genetic mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system and as a therapeutic target for correction of adipose tissue-induced effects on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Yu Sinitsky
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia A Dyleva
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenya G Uchasova
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V Belik
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Arseniy E Yuzhalin
- Laboratory of Fundamental Aspects of Atherosclerosis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V Gruzdeva
- Laboratory of Homeostasis, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Vera G Matveeva
- Laboratory of Cell Technologies, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia V Ponasenko
- Laboratory of Genome Medicine, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
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13
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Li C, Cheng H, Adhikari BK, Wang S, Yang N, Liu W, Sun J, Wang Y. The Role of Apelin-APJ System in Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:820002. [PMID: 35355561 PMCID: PMC8959308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.820002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, diabetes and obesity are two main health-threatening metabolic disorders in the world, which increase the risk for many chronic diseases. Apelin, a peptide hormone, exerts its effect by binding with angiotensin II protein J receptor (APJ) and is considered to be linked with diabetes and obesity. Apelin and its receptor are widely present in the body and are involved in many physiological processes, such as glucose and lipid metabolism, homeostasis, endocrine response to stress, and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the literatures on the role of the Apelin-APJ system in diabetes and obesity for a better understanding of the mechanism and function of apelin and its receptor in the pathophysiology of diseases that may contribute to the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Binay Kumar Adhikari
- Department of Cardiology, Nepal Armed Police Force (APF) Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggang Wang,
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14
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Plasma Levels of Apelinergic System Components in Patients with Chronic and Acute Coronary Syndromes-A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194420. [PMID: 34640437 PMCID: PMC8509670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the apelinergic system components apelin (AP) and elabela (ELA) in the regulation of human cardiovascular homeostasis, and data concerning the relationship between ELA and AP and coronary artery disease (CAD) are yet unknown. The aim of the study was the evaluation of AP, ELA and APJ-receptor levels in the plasma of patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The study group consisted of 114 patients with CAD and 33 healthy controls. Patients were divided into two groups: with CCS (n = 30) and ACS (n = 84). Routine laboratory tests and plasma ELA, AP-17, AP-13 and APJ receptor levels were measured. Echocardiographic data were analyzed in all patients. Levels of AP-17 and ELA were significantly lower in CCS than in healthy controls and ACS patients. We demonstrated significant increase of levels of plasma apelinergic system peptides, especially ELA and AP-17 in ACS patients compared with healthy controls and CCS, suggestive of compensating up-regulation mechanisms. There is a relationship between circulating ELA and AP-17 levels and classical, biochemical markers of ischemia and left ventricular ejection faction as well.
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15
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Sturny M, Anguenot L, Costa-Fraga FP, Bragina ME, Lima AM, da Silva RF, Fraga-Silva RA, Stergiopulos N. Apelin-13 Protects Corpus Cavernosum Against Fibrosis Induced by High-Fat Diet in an MMP-Dependent Mechanism. J Sex Med 2021; 18:875-888. [PMID: 33863684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increased fibrosis of the corpora cavernosa is a prevalent process that underlies most cases of erectile dysfunction. Apelin, an endogenous circulating peptide, has been documented as an important effector on cardiovascular homeostasis, controlling vascular function and reducing fibrosis in multiple pathological conditions. Recently, initial studies have shown that Apelin, acting through the APJ receptor, also modulates penile erection, however, the role of this system on penile structure and intracorporal collagen remodeling has not been investigated yet. AIMS Here we sought to investigate the effect of chronic Apelin treatment on the corpus cavernosum structure of hyperchOlesterolemic mice. METHODS Apolipoprotein gene-deleted (ApoE-/-) mice were fed with a Western diet for 11 weeks and received Apelin-13 (2 mg/kg/day) or vehicle during the last 3 weeks. Penile samples were obtained for histological and biochemical analyses to assess the intracorporal collagen content and key proteins expression. Furthermore, the effect of Apelin-13 was evaluated in cultured NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-β. OUTCOME Local expression of Apelin-13 in mouse corpus cavernosum and its protective effect against fibrosis. RESULTS Apelin and APJ receptor were expressed (gene and protein) within the corpus cavernosum of ApoE-/- mice, indicating a local modulation of the Apelin system. Interestingly, 3 weeks of Apelin-13 treatment strongly reduced intracavernosal collagen content. In addition, Apelin-13 enhanced total matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the mice penis, which was associated with an increased protein expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9, while tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase were unaltered. These beneficial actions were not associated with changes in nNOS or eNOS protein expression, intracavernosal reactive oxygen species content, or atherosclerotic plaque deposition. Additionally, in cultured fibroblast, Apelin-13 inhibited TGF-β-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production, possibly through the activation of ERK1/2 kinase. CLINICAL TRANSLATION These results point out Apelin/APJ system as a potential target to treat intracavernosal fibrosis-related disorders. STRENGTH & LIMITATIONS These results provide the first evidence of the Apelin system's positive role on erectile tissue structure/remodeling. Nevertheless, additional functional study addressing erectile response would bring extended validation regarding the relevance of such effect. CONCLUSION These results suggest a local modulation of the Apelin system within the corpus cavernosum. Remarkably, Apelin-13 reduced intracavernosal fibrosis in hypercholesterolemic mice by: (i) enhancing MMPs expression and activity; and (ii) inhibiting fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblast. Altogether, these results suggest an essential protective role of Apelin, indicating Apelin/APJ system as a promising candidate for the development of fibrosis-associated erectile dysfunction treatments. Sturny M, Anguenot L Costa-Fraga FP, et al. Apelin-13 Protects Corpus Cavernosum Against Fibrosis Induced by High-Fat Diet in an MMP-Dependent Mechanism. J Sex Med 2021;18:875-888.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sturny
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Léa Anguenot
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana P Costa-Fraga
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maiia E Bragina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Augusto Martins Lima
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafaela F da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Fraga-Silva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Janssen H, Felgner L, Kummer L, Gillmann HJ, Schrimpf C, Rustum S, Lichtinghagen R, Sahlmann B, Weigand MA, Teebken OE, Theilmeier G, Larmann J. Sequential Surgical Procedures in Vascular Surgery Patients Are Associated With Perioperative Adverse Cardiac Events. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:13. [PMID: 32133374 PMCID: PMC7040239 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients at elevated cardiovascular risk are prone to perioperative cardiovascular complications, like myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS). We have demonstrated in a mouse model of atherosclerosis that perioperative stress leads to an increase in plaque volume and higher plaque vulnerability. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in development and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. For this exploratory post-hoc analysis we identified 40 patients recruited into a prospective perioperative biomarker study, who within the inclusion period underwent sequential open vascular surgery. On the basis of protein markers measured in the biomarker study, we evaluated the perioperative inflammatory response in patients' plasma before and after index surgery as well as before and after a second surgical procedure. We also analyzed available immunohistochemistry samples to describe plaque vulnerability in patients who underwent bilateral carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in two subsequent surgical procedures. Finally, we assessed if MINS was associated with sequential surgery. The inflammatory response of both surgeries was characterized by postoperative increases of interleukin-6,−10, Pentraxin 3 and C-reactive protein with no clear-cut difference between the two time points of surgery. Plaques from CEA extracted during the second surgery contained less Tregs, as measured by Foxp3 staining, than plaques from the first intervention. The 2nd surgical procedure was associated with MINS. In conclusion, we provide descriptive evidence that sequential surgical procedures involve repeat inflammation, and we hypothesize that elevated rates of cardiovascular complications after the second procedure could be related to reduced levels of intraplaque Tregs, a finding that deserves confirmatory testing and mechanistic exploration in future populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Janssen
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Larissa Felgner
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Kummer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Gillmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Claudia Schrimpf
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Saad Rustum
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ralf Lichtinghagen
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical School Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Bianca Sahlmann
- Department of Human Medicine, Perioperative Inflammation and Infection, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Markus A Weigand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Omke E Teebken
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gregor Theilmeier
- Department of Human Medicine, Perioperative Inflammation and Infection, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan Larmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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17
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Wang X, Tian X, Pei LL, Niu PP, Guo Y, Hu R, Liu K, Tian M, Li Y, Wang C, Wang X, Xu Y, Song B. The Association Between Serum Apelin-13 and the Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:700-707. [PMID: 31965512 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While a number of studies have reported an association between apelin-13 and ischemic stroke, few have verified its clinical effect. We investigated the prognostic value of serum apelin-13 levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We prospectively recruited 244 AIS patients within 24 h after stroke onset, and 167 healthy controls. We assessed the serum apelin-13 levels using ELISA, and the severity of AIS using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The primary outcomes included death or major disability (modified Rankin Scale score, 3-6) and major disability (modified Rankin Scale score, 3-5). Secondary outcomes included recurrent stroke and combined events (all-cause death, or cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events). We found that the serum apelin-13 levels in the patients (38.63 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 29.86-50.99)) were lower than those in the healthy controls (42.50 ng/mL [IQR, 31.25-59.17]) (P = 0.017). Patients with a NIHSS score ≤ 3 had higher apelin-13 levels than those with a NIHSS score > 3 (P = 0.048). At the 3-month follow-up, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated an association between apelin-13 and death or major disability (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.11-0.86; P = 0.024) and major disability (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.11-0.90; P = 0.030). At the 1-year follow-up, the patients with high apelin-13 levels showed a lower incidence of stroke and combined events (Log-rank test P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that serum apelin-13 may be a potential prognostic biomarker for AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xuan Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lu-Lu Pei
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng-Peng Niu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ruiyao Hu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mengke Tian
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Youfeng Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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18
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Rekhi U, Piche JE, Immaraj L, Febbraio M. Neointimal hyperplasia: are fatty acid transport proteins a new therapeutic target? Curr Opin Lipidol 2019; 30:377-382. [PMID: 31348024 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW High-fat diets contribute to hyperlipidemia and dysregulated metabolism underlying insulin resistant states and cardiovascular diseases. Neointimal hyperplasia is a significant resulting morbidity. Increased fatty acid (FA) levels lead to dysfunctional endothelium, defined as activated, proinflammatory and prothrombotic. The purpose of this review is to assess the recent literature on the emerging concept that uptake of FA into many tissues is regulated at the endothelial level, and this in turn contributes to endothelial dysfunction, an initiating factor in insulin resistant states, atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia. RECENT FINDINGS Studies support the role of endothelial FA uptake proteins as an additional level of regulation in tissue FA uptake. These proteins include CD36, FA transport proteins, FA-binding proteins and caveolin-1. In many cases, inappropriate expression of these proteins can result in a change in FA and glucose uptake, storage and utilization. Accumulation of plasma FA is one mechanism by which alterations in expression of FA uptake proteins can lead to endothelial dysfunction; changes in tissue substrate metabolism leading to inflammation are also implicated. SUMMARY Identification of the critical players and regulators can lead to therapeutic targeting to reduce endothelial dysfunction and sequela such as insulin resistance and neointimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Rekhi
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 7020M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Arababadi MK, Asadikaram P, Asadikaram G. APLN/APJ pathway: The key regulator of macrophage functions. Life Sci 2019; 232:116645. [PMID: 31299236 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play key roles during cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their related complications. Apelin (APLN) is a key molecule, whose roles during CVD have been documented previously. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that APLN may perform its roles via modulation of macrophages. Additionally, due to the widespread distribution of the CVD, more effective therapeutic strategies need to be developed to overcome the related complications. This review article collected recent information regarding the roles of APLN on the macrophages and discusses its potential chance to be a target for molecular/cellular therapy of APLN and the APLN treated macrophages for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipur Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadikaram
- Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipur Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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20
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Liberale L, Carbone F, Montecucco F. Pericardial adipose tissue and cardiovascular diseases: New insights from basic research. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13052. [PMID: 30451278 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
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21
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Cardioprotective apelin effects and the cardiac-renal axis: review of existing science and potential therapeutic applications of synthetic and native regulated apelin. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 33:429-435. [PMID: 30659278 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
First described in 1998, apelin is one of the endogenous ligands of the apelinergic receptor. Since its discovery, its possible role in human physiology and disease has been intensively studied. Apelin is a native cardioprotective agent that the body synthesizes to create atheroprotective, antihypertensive, and regenerative effects in the body. By antagonizing the RAA system, apelin could play an important role in heart failure and hypertension. It is also involved in myocardial protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, post-ischemic remodeling, and myocardial fibrosis. A small number of studies even suggest that serum apelin levels may be involved the development of life-threatening arrhythmias. All this information generated excitement about potential therapeutic effects in patients with heart failure and myocardial infarction. The therapeutic index of apelin is unknown but is anticipated to be favorable based on the small number of studies. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms by which apelin exerts its cardioprotective effects and its connection with the cardiorenal axis. Also, we report the potential therapeutic applications of synthetic and native regulated apelin. If larger studies can be performed, it is possible that apelin-mediated drug treatment may play a major role for a large number of patients worldwide in the future.
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22
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He L, Zhou Q, Huang Z, Xu J, Zhou H, Lv D, Lu L, Huang S, Tang M, Zhong J, Chen JX, Luo X, Li L, Chen L. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy promotes apelin-13-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by AMPKα and exacerbates atherosclerotic lesions. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8668-8682. [PMID: 30456860 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) is a critical contributor to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Our previous studies have demonstrated that apelin-13/APJ confers a proliferative response in VSMC, however, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of mitophagy in apelin-13-induced VSMC proliferation and atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. Apelin-13 enhances human aortic VSMC proliferation and proliferative regulator proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in dose and time-dependent manner, while is abolished by APJ antagonist F13A. We observe the engulfment of damage mitochondria by autophagosomes (mitophagy) of human aortic VSMC in apelin-13 stimulation. Mechanistically, apelin-13 increases p-AMPKα and promotes mitophagic activity such as the LC3I to LC3II ratio, the increase of Beclin-1 level and the decrease of p62 level. Importantly, the expressions of PINK1, Parkin, VDAC1, and Tom20 are induced by apelin-13. Conversely, blockade of APJ by F13A abolishes these stimulatory effects. Human aortic VSMC transfected with AMPKα, PINK1, or Parkin and subjected to apelin-13 impairs mitophagy and prevents proliferation. Additional, apelin-13 not only increases the expression of Drp1 but also reduces the expressions of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1. Remarkably, the mitochondrial division inhibitor-1(Mdivi-1), the pharmacological inhibition of Drp1, attenuates human aortic VSMC proliferation. Treatment of ApoE-/- mice with apelin-13 accelerates atherosclerotic lesions, increases p-AMPKα and mitophagy in aortic wall in vivo. Finally, PINK1-/- mutant mice with apelin-13 attenuates atherosclerotic lesions along with defective in mitophagy. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy promotes apelin-13-evoked human aortic VSMC proliferation by activating p-AMPKα and exacerbates the progression of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu He
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qionglin Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Deguan Lv
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Liqun Lu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shifang Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mingzhu Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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