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Orioli L, Samaras S, Sawadogo K, de Barsy M, Lause P, Deswysen Y, Navez B, Thissen JP, Loumaye A. Circulating myostatin as a biomarker of muscle mass and strength in individuals with cancer or obesity. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1800-1808. [PMID: 38861892 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Our study aims to determine whether myostatin (MSTN) is associated with muscle mass and strength in individuals with cancer or obesity, as well as with cancer cachexia (CC) or sarcopenic obesity (SO). METHODS The ACTICA study included individuals with CC (n = 70) or without CC (NC, n = 73). The MYDIASECRET study included individuals with obesity evaluated before (T0) and 3 months (T3) after bariatric surgery (n = 62). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and appendicular SMM (ASMM) were calculated from Janssen's and Sergi's equations, respectively, and expressed as indexes (SMMI and ASMMI). Handgrip strength (HGS) was assessed using a Jamar hand-held dynamometer. MSTN plasma levels were measured using ELISA. Spearman's coefficient was used to correlate MSTN with muscle mass and strength. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify an optimal MSTN cutoff level for the prediction of CC or SO. RESULTS In the ACTICA study, muscle mass and strength were lower in CC individuals than in NC individuals (SMMI: 8.0 kg/m2vs 9.0 kg/m2, p = 0.004; ASMMI: 6.2 kg/m2vs 7.2 kg/m2, p < 0.001; HGS: 28 kg vs 38 kg, p < 0.001). MSTN was also lower in CC individuals than in NC individuals (1434 pg/mL vs 2149 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Muscle mass and strength were positively correlated with MSTN (SMMI: R = 0.500, p < 0.001; ASMMI: R = 0.479, p < 0.001; HGS: R = 0.495, p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed a MSTN cutoff level of 1548 pg/mL (AUC 0.684, sensitivity 57%, specificity 75%, p < 0.001) for the prediction of CC. In the MYDIASECRET study, muscle mass and strength were reduced at T3 (SMMI: -8%, p < 0.001; ASMMI: -12%, p < 0.001; HGS: -6%, p = 0.005). MSTN was also reduced at T3 (1773 pg/mL vs 2582 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Muscle mass and strength were positively correlated with MSTN at T0 and T3 (SMMI-T0: R = 0.388, p = 0.002; SMMI-T3: R = 0.435, p < 0.001; HGS-T0: R = 0.337, p = 0.007; HGS-T3: R = 0.313, p = 0.013). ROC curve analysis showed a MSTN cutoff level of 4225 pg/mL (AUC 0.835, sensitivity 98%, specificity 100%, p = 0.014) for the prediction of SO at T3. CONCLUSIONS MSTN is positively correlated with muscle mass and strength in individuals with cancer or obesity, suggesting its potential use as a biomarker of muscle mass and strength. The ROC curve analysis suggests the potential use of MSTN as a screening tool for CC and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orioli
- Research Laboratory of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 55 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sofia Samaras
- Research Laboratory of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 55 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Kiswendsida Sawadogo
- Statistical Support Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marie de Barsy
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Pascale Lause
- Research Laboratory of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 55 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Deswysen
- Department of Oeso-gastro-duodenal and Bariatric Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Benoit Navez
- Department of Oeso-gastro-duodenal and Bariatric Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Research Laboratory of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 55 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Research Laboratory of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 55 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 10 Avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Lan XQ, Deng CJ, Wang QQ, Zhao LM, Jiao BW, Xiang Y. The role of TGF-β signaling in muscle atrophy, sarcopenia and cancer cachexia. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 353:114513. [PMID: 38604437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, comprising a significant proportion (40 to 50 percent) of total body weight in humans, plays a critical role in maintaining normal physiological conditions. Muscle atrophy occurs when the rate of protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis. Sarcopenia refers to age-related muscle atrophy, while cachexia represents a more complex form of muscle wasting associated with various diseases such as cancer, heart failure, and AIDS. Recent research has highlighted the involvement of signaling pathways, including IGF1-Akt-mTOR, MuRF1-MAFbx, and FOXO, in regulating the delicate balance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, negatively regulates muscle growth and promotes muscle atrophy by activating Smad2 and Smad3. It also interacts with other signaling pathways in cachexia and sarcopenia. Inhibition of myostatin has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for sarcopenia and cachexia. Additionally, other TGF-β family members, such as TGF-β1, activin A, and GDF11, have been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. Furthermore, myostatin cooperates with these family members to impair muscle differentiation and contribute to muscle loss. This review provides an overview of the significance of myostatin and other TGF-β signaling pathway members in muscular dystrophy, sarcopenia, and cachexia. It also discusses potential novel therapeutic strategies targeting myostatin and TGF-β signaling for the treatment of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiang Lan
- Metabolic Control and Aging Group, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Qi-Quan Wang
- Metabolic Control and Aging Group, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li-Min Zhao
- Senescence and Cancer Group, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bao-Wei Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Metabolic Control and Aging Group, Human Aging Research Institute (HARI) and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi, China.
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Korzonek-Szlacheta I, Hudzik B, Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska B, Czuba ZP, Szlacheta P, Tomasik A. The Association between Circulating Cytokines and Body Composition in Frail Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:1227. [PMID: 38674917 PMCID: PMC11054213 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease and the percentage of frail patients in the aging population will increase. This study aims to assess the circulating levels of several cytokines in frail patients. This is an ancillary analysis of the FRAPICA trial. The ratio of men/women changed from robust through frail groups from 3:1 to 1:2. The groups are comparable in terms of age and body measurements analysis (weight, height, and BMI), yet the frail patients have significantly reduced fat-free mass, and more often have been diagnosed with diabetes. Frail patients have higher fibroblast growth factor basic (FGF basic) and follistatin levels (borderline significance). In multiple linear regression modeling of fat-free mass, we identified FGF basic, osteopontin, stem cell factor, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2, soluble epidermal growth factor receptor, soluble human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, follistatin, prolactin, soluble interleukin 6 receptor alfa, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor 1, leptin, soluble angiopoietin/tyrosine kinase 2, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. We have identified a few cytokines that correlate with fat-free mass, a hallmark of frailty. They comprise the kinins implicated in bone and muscle metabolism, fibrosis, vascular wall function, inflammation, endocrine function, or regulation of bone marrow integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Korzonek-Szlacheta
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (I.K.-S.); (B.H.)
| | - Bartosz Hudzik
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (I.K.-S.); (B.H.)
- Third Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Barbara Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska
- Department of Nutrition-Related Disease Prevention, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Zenon P. Czuba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Patryk Szlacheta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tomasik
- II Department of Cardiology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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Kurose S, Onishi K, Miyauchi T, Takahashi K, Kimura Y. Serum Follistatin Levels are Independently Associated with Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Obesity. Endocr Res 2023; 48:120-128. [PMID: 37668496 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2253452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Follistatin (FST)/myostatin (MST) myokine-signaling axis is important for muscle metabolism and pathogenesis of obesity. FST, mainly secreted by skeletal muscle and liver, inhibits MST and affects skeletal muscle synthesis. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of myokines and independent predictors of serum FST levels in patients with obesity. METHODS In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 226 patients (mean age, 46.6 years; men, 35.4%) with obesity who initially visited an outpatient clinic between June 2014 and September 2020, were included and classified into obesity (25.0 ≤ body mass index (BMI) < 35.0 kg/m2) and severe obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) groups based on the guidelines of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis and computed tomography. Muscle strength, exercise tolerance, metabolic parameters, and myokines were measured, including serum levels of FST, MST, irisin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. RESULTS Serum FST levels were significantly higher in the severe obesity group than in the obesity group (median: 768.4 vs. 895.1 pg/mL, P = 0.020). However, the levels of other myokines showed no significant differences between the groups. In Model 1, which included factors that significantly correlated with FST levels, stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed peak oxygen uptake (VO2) as an independent predictor of FST levels based on the significance of the univariate analysis. Additionally, Model 2 was analyzed by adding myokine level to Model 1, revealing that peak VO2, MST, and irisin levels were independent predictors of FST levels. CONCLUSION Serum FST levels were higher in patients in the severe obesity group compared to those in the obesity group. There was an independent association between low exercise tolerance and elevated serum FST levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kurose
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuko Onishi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Miyauchi
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Medicine II, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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Denfeld QE, Purnell JQ, Lee CS, Orwoll ES, Camacho SA, Hiatt SO, Davis MR, Winters-Stone K, Woodward WR, Habecker BA. Candidate biomarkers of physical frailty in heart failure: an exploratory cross-sectional study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2023; 22:149-157. [PMID: 35727092 PMCID: PMC10243450 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Physical frailty is highly prevalent and predictive of worse outcomes in heart failure (HF). Candidate biomarker analysis may help in understanding the mechanisms underlying physical frailty in HF. We aimed to identify candidate biomarkers associated with physical frailty in HF using a multimarker strategy of distinct pathophysiological processes. METHODS AND RESULTS We collected data and plasma samples from 113 adults with New York Heart Association Functional Class I-IV HF. Physical frailty was measured with the Frailty Phenotype Criteria. Plasma biomarkers included: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, norepinephrine, dihydroxyphenylglycol, soluble tumour necrosis factor alpha receptor-1, adiponectin, insulin, glucose, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and myostatin. Comparative statistics and multivariate linear regression were used to test group differences and associations. The average age was 63.5 ± 15.7 years, half were women (48%), and most had a non-ischaemic aetiology of HF (73%). Physical frailty was identified in 42% and associated with female sex, higher body mass index and percent body fat, more comorbidities, and HF with preserved ejection fraction. Adjusting for Seattle HF Model projected survival score, comorbidities, body composition, and sex, physical frailty was associated with significantly lower plasma adiponectin [β ± standard error (SE) -0.28 ± 0.14, P = 0.047], IGF-1 (β ± SE -0.21 ± 0.10, P = 0.032), and myostatin (β ± SE -0.22 ± 0.09, P = 0.011). In sex-stratified analyses, IGF-1 and myostatin were significantly associated with physical frailty in men but not women. CONCLUSION We identified biomarkers involved in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle development, maintenance, and function that were associated with physical frailty in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quin E. Denfeld
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jonathan Q. Purnell
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Christopher S. Lee
- Boston College, William F. Connell School of Nursing, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric S. Orwoll
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, OR, USA
| | - S. Albert Camacho
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shirin O. Hiatt
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mary Roberts Davis
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kerri Winters-Stone
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Nursing, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | - William R. Woodward
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Beth A. Habecker
- Oregon Health & Science University, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Portland, OR, USA
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Are Skeletal Muscle Changes during Prolonged Space Flights Similar to Those Experienced by Frail and Sarcopenic Older Adults? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122139. [PMID: 36556504 PMCID: PMC9781047 DOI: 10.3390/life12122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity exposure causes several physiological and psychosocial alterations that challenge astronauts' health during space flight. Notably, many of these changes are mostly related to physical inactivity influencing different functional systems and organ biology, in particular the musculoskeletal system, dramatically resulting in aging-like phenotypes, such as those occurring in older persons on Earth. In this sense, sarcopenia, a syndrome characterized by the loss in muscle mass and strength due to skeletal muscle unloading, is undoubtedly one of the most critical aging-like adverse effects of microgravity and a prevalent problem in the geriatric population, still awaiting effective countermeasures. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to identify clinically relevant biological markers and to underline molecular mechanisms behind these effects that are still poorly understood. From this perspective, a lesson from Geroscience may help tailor interventions to counteract the adverse effects of microgravity. For instance, decades of studies in the field have demonstrated that in the older people, the clinical picture of sarcopenia remarkably overlaps (from a clinical and biological point of view) with that of frailty, primarily when referred to the physical function domain. Based on this premise, here we provide a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms of sarcopenia and frailty, which in aging are often considered together, and how these converge with those observed in astronauts after space flight.
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Nishikawa R, Fukuda T, Haruyama A, Shibasaki I, Yamaguchi S, Arikawa T, Obi S, Amano H, Yagi H, Sakuma M, Abe S, Fukuda H, Toyoda S, Nakajima T. Association between serum GDF-15, myostatin, and sarcopenia in cardiovascular surgery patients. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2022; 42:101114. [PMID: 36071948 PMCID: PMC9442355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2022.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Myostatin is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. On the other hand, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 is associated with lower muscle strength and muscle mass. We investigated the relationship between serum GDF-15, myostatin, and sarcopenia in patients receiving cardiovascular surgery through a ROC curve and a multivariate regression analysis. Methods Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) by bioelectrical impedance analysis, hand-grip strength, knee extension strength, and walking speed were measured. Preoperative serum GDF-15 and myostatin levels were determined by ELISA. The sarcopenia index could be expressed as: −0.0042 × [myostatin] + 0.0007 × [GDF-15] + 0.0890 × age + 1.4030 × sex − 0.2679 × body mass index (BMI) − 2.1186. A ROC curve was plotted to identify the optimal cutoff level of the sarcopenia index to detect sarcopenia. Results 120 patients receiving cardiovascular surgery were included in the study. SMI, hand-grip strength, knee extension strength, and walking speed inversely correlated with GDF-15, but positively correlated with myostatin. In the multivariate stepwise regression analysis, SMI was a determinant of myostatin, and both GDF-15 and myostatin were determinants of SMI and muscle thickness, even after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. A ROC curve showed that the sarcopenia index was a determinant of sarcopenia (cutoff value −1.0634, area under the curve 0.901, sensitivity 96.9%, specificity 70.9%). Conclusion GDF-15 and myostatin are associated with skeletal muscle volume in patients receiving cardiovascular surgery, but these associations are different. The sarcopenia index calculated from GDF-15 and myostatin levels may be a biomarker of sarcopenia.
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Lu L, He X, Ma L, Liu Y, Chen N. Effects of vibration training vs. conventional resistance training among community-dwelling older people with sarcopenia: three-arm randomized controlled trial protocol. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:905460. [PMID: 36118696 PMCID: PMC9476828 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.905460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sarcopenia is a chronic and progressive disease, which is accompanied by the decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance with aging, and it can lead to falls, fracture, and premature death. The prevention and treatment of sarcopenia mainly include exercise therapy and nutritional supplement. Exercise therapy is one of the most potential interventions to prevent and/or delay the progression of sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT), one of the most commonly used exercise types, is widely used in the treatment of sarcopenia, while vibration training (VT) is a prospective strategy for improving sarcopenia in older people. The aim of our study is to compare the effect of VT and RT in older people with sarcopenia on muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, blood biomarkers, and quality of life. Methods and analysis Our study is a 12-week, three-arm randomized controlled trial with assessor-blinded. The diagnosis criteria for subject recruitment adopt the guidelines for the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. A total of 54 subjects who met the criteria were randomized into one of the following three groups: VT group, RT group, and control group. The VT group and RT group received a 12-week whole-body vibration training and a resistance training program three times every week, respectively. The primary outcome is lower limb muscle strength, and the secondary outcomes include muscle mass, upper limb muscle strength, physical performance, blood biomarkers, and quality of life. We then performed assessments three times, at baseline (0 week), after intervention (12 weeks), and follow-up (24 weeks). The adverse events were also be reported. All outcome measurements were performed by the same researchers. Data were saved in the unified database, and the collected data of all subjects were analyzed by intention-to-treat analysis. Ethics and dissemination This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee of Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch. The findings of the study were authorized in peer-reviewed journals with online access; meanwhile, it will be presented at domestic or international academic congresses. Clinical trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051178), registered on 15 September 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqian Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangfeng He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sanz B, Rezola-Pardo C, Arrieta H, Fraile-Bermúdez AB, Alonso-Puyo J, Molano I, Rodriguez-Larrad A, Irazusta J. Serum Sestrin-1 Concentration Is Higher in Frail than Non-Frail Older People Living in Nursing Homes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031079. [PMID: 35162104 PMCID: PMC8834059 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Given the increasing prevalence of frailty and its implications for public health, the identification of biomarkers to detect frailty is essential. Sestrin-1 is a protein with a protective role in muscle function. This study aimed to determine whether the serum sestrin-1 concentration differed between frail and non-frail populations and to investigate its association with frailty-related variables in 225 older women and men living in nursing homes (Gipuzkoa, Spain). Serum sestrin-1 concentration was measured by ELISA. Frailty, dependence, anthropometry, physical function, and physical activity were determined by validated tests and tools. The associations between sestrin-1 concentration and the other variables were determined using generalized linear models. The differences between frail and non-frail individuals were analyzed by the Mann–Whitney U-test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to calculate the capability of sestrin-1 to detect frailty. Unexpectedly, frail individuals—according to the Fried Frailty Phenotype or the Clinical Frailty Scale—had higher serum sestrin-1 concentrations than non-frail individuals. Furthermore, the higher serum sestrin-1 concentration was associated with the increased frailty scores and dependence as well as the poorer physical function and the less physical activity. Given the contradictory results regarding serum sestrin-1 and frailty, further investigation is required to propose it as a molecular biomarker of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (J.A.-P.); (A.R.-L.); (J.I.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-946013307
| | - Chloe Rezola-Pardo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (J.A.-P.); (A.R.-L.); (J.I.)
| | - Haritz Arrieta
- Department of Nursing II, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain;
| | - Ana Belén Fraile-Bermúdez
- Department of Nursing I, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Janire Alonso-Puyo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (J.A.-P.); (A.R.-L.); (J.I.)
| | - Irene Molano
- Residencia Sanmarcosene, Carretera de San Marcos, s/n, 20100 Errenteria, Gipuzkoa, Spain;
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Larrad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (J.A.-P.); (A.R.-L.); (J.I.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jon Irazusta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 489040 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; (C.R.-P.); (J.A.-P.); (A.R.-L.); (J.I.)
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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10
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Effects of Resistance Training Intervention along with Leucine-Enriched Whey Protein Supplementation on Sarcopenia and Frailty in Post-Hospitalized Older Adults: Preliminary Findings of a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010097. [PMID: 35011838 PMCID: PMC8745511 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance training and protein supplementation are expected to exert the greatest effect in counteracting muscle-wasting conditions. Myokines might play a key role, but this remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study (NCT03815201) was to examine the effects of a resistance training program with post-exercise leucine-enriched protein supplementation on sarcopenia and frailty status and on the plasma myokine concentrations of post-hospitalized older adults. A total of 41 participants were included in this 12-week resistance training intervention and randomized either to the placebo group or the protein group. Sarcopenia, frailty, body composition and blood-based myokines were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. Both groups improved in terms of physical performance (p < 0.005) and frailty (p < 0.07) following the resistance training intervention, but without any difference between groups. Myokine concentrations did not change after the intervention in either group. Changes in myostatin concentrations were associated with greater improvements in appendicular skeletal muscle mass at the end of the intervention (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the implementation of resistance training programs after hospitalization in older adults should be prioritized to combat sarcopenia and frailty immediately. The results regarding myostatin should be taken as preliminary findings.
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11
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Alexopoulos T, Vasilieva L, Kontogianni MD, Tenta R, Georgiou A, Stroumpouli E, Mani I, Alexopoulou A. Myostatin in combination with creatine phosphokinase or albumin may differentiate patients with cirrhosis and sarcopenia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G543-G551. [PMID: 34469188 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00184.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), sarcopenia is correlated with frequent complications and increased mortality. Myostatin, a myokine, is a potential biomarker of skeletal mass and/or sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine the association between myostatin and muscle mass and evaluate myostatin as a biomarker of sarcopenia in LC. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and myosteatosis were evaluated by computed tomography scan. Muscle quantity and quality along with muscle strength and function were used to diagnose sarcopenia. Serum myostatin was measured by ELISA. One hundred and fifteen consecutive patients with LC [72.2% male, median age 59 yr (IQR 52-67), MELD 12 (8-16), 28.7% with compensated LC] were included. Low SMI was diagnosed in 49.6% and sarcopenia in 34.8% (21.7% severe). Myostatin levels were lower in low (P < 0.001) compared with patients with normal SMI and were strongly correlated with SMI in MELD score ≥ 15 (r = 0.571, P < 0.001). Myostatin was also lower in patients with sarcopenia compared with those without (P < 0.001) and even lower in severe sarcopenia (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, myostatin, age, and albumin remained significant predictors of low SMI after adjustment for sex, MELD, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Similarly, myostatin and age predicted sarcopenia after adjustment for sex, MELD, CPK, and albumin. The ratios log10myostatin-to-CPK or albumin-to-myostatin were found to have acceptable diagnostic accuracy in ruling out sarcopenia in total patients. However, the best diagnostic performance was shown in MELD ≥ 15 (AUROC 0.829 or 0.801, respectively). Myostatin is independently associated with both skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenia. Myostatin in combination with CPK or albumin are good surrogate markers in excluding sarcopenia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Serum levels of myostatin were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients with impaired skeletal mass index (SMI) and sarcopenia than those without. Serum levels of myostatin have a positive correlation with SMI. Myostatin levels are independently associated with sarcopenia, diagnosed according to the latest criteria, in patients with cirrhosis. Myostatin in combination with creatine phosphokinase or albumin have good accuracy excluding sarcopenia in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Alexopoulos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Larisa Vasilieva
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Meropi D Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Roxane Tenta
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Georgiou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Iliana Mani
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Alexopoulou
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Research Laboratory, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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