1
|
Tucker GF, Maguire DA, Tupinambá‐Simões F. Associations between shade tolerance and wood specific gravity for conifers in contrast to angiosperm trees: Foundations of the conifer fitness-enhancing shade tolerance hypothesis. PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2024; 5:e10131. [PMID: 38323133 PMCID: PMC10840375 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
For decades, researchers have held that wood specific gravity was an indicator or surrogate for both shade tolerance and successional status. However, recent research in dry tropical forests has shown very different associations regarding wood specific gravity. Past analyses of the tolerance and wood properties of tree species have focused on pooled coniferous and angiosperm species in temperate regions; fewer analyses have been conducted separately for conifers and angiosperm species. A database was compiled for the wood properties and/or tolerance scores of 542 temperate Northern Hemisphere conifer and angiosperm trees. Plant strategy was defined by shade tolerance (T shade), drought tolerance (T drought), and polytolerance (T poly = T shade + T drought) and fundamental wood properties were represented by basic specific gravity (SGbasic), relative stiffness (MOE/SGbasic), and relative strength (MOR/SGbasic). Simple linear regressions tested the significance (p < .05) of correlations between plant strategy and wood properties. Conifers, unlike angiosperm trees, showed a negative correlation between T shade and SGbasic and a positive correlation between T shade and both MOE/SGbasic and MOR/SGbasic. Only angiosperm trees had a significant correlation between T poly and both SGbasic and MOE/SGbasic, but both conifers and angiosperm trees had a significant correlation between T drought and both SGbasic and MOE/SGbasic. Shade tolerance, as a plant strategy, has functional implications for wood properties in temperate Northern Hemisphere conifers but not in associated angiosperms. The implied functional link between wood properties (SGbasic) and shade tolerance hypothetically extends to other fitness-enhancing traits impacted by SGbasic, such as growth rates and species maximum height.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F. Tucker
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and ManagementOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
- O'Brien ForestWestportCounty MayoIreland
| | - Douglas A. Maguire
- Department of Forest Engineering, Resources, and ManagementOregon State UniversityCorvallisOregonUSA
| | - Frederico Tupinambá‐Simões
- University Institute for Research in Sustainable Forest ManagementUniversidad de Valladolid|UVaPalenciaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Petrone-Mendoza E, Vergara-Silva F, Olson ME. Plant morpho evo-devo. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1257-1276. [PMID: 37423784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Evo-devo is often thought of as being the study of which genes underlie which phenotypes. However, evo-devo is much more than this, especially in plant science. In leaf scars along stems, cell changes across wood growth rings, or flowers along inflorescences, plants trace a record of their own development. Plant morpho evo-devo provides data that genes could never furnish on themes such as heterochrony, the evolution of temporal phenotypes, modularity, and phenotype-first evolution. As plant science surges into increasingly -omic realms, it is essential to keep plant morpho evo-devo in full view as an honored member of the evo-devo canon, ensuring that plant scientists can, wherever they are, generate fundamental insights at the appropriate level of biological organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Petrone-Mendoza
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Francisco Vergara-Silva
- Laboratorio de Teoría Evolutiva e Historia de la Ciencia, Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marichal L, Bagnard L, Sire O, Vendrely C, Bruckert F, Weidenhaupt M. Phenol-soluble modulins form amyloids in contact with multiple surface chemistries. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130450. [PMID: 37640168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Functional amyloids are commonly produced by many microorganisms and their biological functions are numerous. Staphylococcus aureus can secrete a group of peptides named phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) in their biofilm extracellular matrix. PSMs have been found inside biofilms both in their soluble form and assembled into amyloid structures. Yet, the actual biological function of these amyloids has been highly debated. Here, we assessed the ability of PSMs to form amyloids in contact with different abiotic surfaces to unravel a potential unknown bioadhesive and/or biofilm stabilization function. We combined surface plasmon resonance imaging, fluorescence aggregation kinetics, and FTIR spectroscopy in order to evaluate the PSM adsorption as well as amyloid formation properties in the presence of various surface chemistries. Overall, PSMs adsorb even on low-binding surfaces, making them highly adaptable adsorbants in the context of bioadhesion. Moreover, the PSM aggregation potential to form amyloid aggregates is not impacted by the presence of the surface chemistries tested. This versatility regarding adsorption and amyloid formation may imply a possible role of PSMs in biofilm adhesion and/or structure integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Marichal
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP LMGP, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Lucie Bagnard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP LMGP, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Olivier Sire
- IRDL, UMR CNRS 6027, Université Bretagne Sud, Vannes, France
| | - Charlotte Vendrely
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP LMGP, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Franz Bruckert
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP LMGP, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Warrener A. The multifactor pelvis: An alternative to the adaptationist approach of the obstetrical dilemma. Evol Anthropol 2023; 32:260-274. [PMID: 37527355 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The obstetrical dilemma describes the competing demands that a bipedally adapted pelvis and a large-brained neonate place on human childbirth and is the predominant model within which hypotheses about the evolution of the pelvis are framed. I argue the obstetrical dilemma follows the adaptationist program outlined by Gould and Lewontin in 1979 and should be replaced with a new model, the multifactor pelvis. This change will allow thorough consideration of nonadaptive explanations for the evolution of the human pelvis and avoid negative social impacts from considering human childbirth inherently dangerous. First, the atomization of the pelvis into discrete traits is discussed, after which current evidence for both adaptive and nonadaptive hypotheses is evaluated, including childbirth, locomotion, shared genetics with other traits under selection, evolutionary history, genetic drift, and environmental and epigenetic influences on the pelvis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Warrener
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Minelli A. A refreshed approach to homology-Prioritizing epistemology over metaphysics. J Morphol 2023; 284:e21533. [PMID: 36342140 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Unease with the inclusion of "sameness" in Owen's definition of homology characterizes a substantial part of the literature on this subject, where this term has acquired an increasingly strict metaphysical flavor. Taken for granted the existence of body features that are "the same," their existence has been explained by appealing to universal laws of form, as the product of common ancestry, or in terms of proximal causes responsible for the emergence of conserved developmental modules. However, a fundamentally different approach is possible, if we shift attention from metaphysics to epistemology. We may reword Owen's statement as follows: organs of different animals, in so far as they can be described as the same despite any difference in form and function, are called homologues. The proposed framework provides an umbrella for both the traditional, all-or-nothing concept of homology, and the less fashionable alternatives of factorial or partial homology, as well as for an extension of homology from form to function. No less attractive is the prospect to handle also ghost homologues, the body parts or organs of which there is non-objective evidence in a given clade, but can nevertheless be represented, in a description that encapsulates some of the traits observable in their extant homologue in the sister clade. Stripped of its different and constraining metaphysical explanations, homology survives as an anchor concept to which different nomadic disciplines and research agendas can be associated.
Collapse
|
6
|
Evolvability in the Cephalothoracic Structural Complexity of Aegla araucaniensis (Crustacea: Decapoda) Determined by a Developmental System with Low Covariational Constraint. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070958. [PMID: 36101339 PMCID: PMC9311601 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The origin of complex morphological structures is explained mainly by direct pathways fusing adjacent modules, while the independent effect of parallel pathways acting on different areas of a morphogenetic field is less well-known. The palimpsest model that explains the cephalothoracic structural complexity of decapod crustaceans is composed of two hox-regulatory parallel pathways that tagmatize the anterior metameres early, followed by a direct pathway that fuses the tagmata forming the developmental modules. The cephalothoracic geometry of Aegla araucaniensis shows a marked sexual dimorphism; its adaptive causes also promote dimorphic variations in the evolvability of developmental modularity. We found areas of instability in the variance of the asymmetry in both developmental modules. The direct pathway presents intermediate levels of canalization in the covariation of the developmental modules, although significantly higher in males. This low restrictive potential promotes expressions of gonadic modularity in females and agonistic modularity in males, which differ significantly from developmental modularity. The cephalothoracic palimpsest model of decapods allows studying modularity in an explicit evo–devo context. Abstract The integration of complex structures is proportional to the intensity of the structural fusion; its consequences are better known than the covariational effects under less restrictive mechanisms. The synthesis of a palimpsest model based on two early parallel pathways and a later direct pathway explains the cephalothoracic complexity of decapod crustaceans. Using this model, we tested the evolvability of the developmental modularity in Aegla araucaniensis, an anomuran crab with an evident adaptive sexual dimorphism. The asymmetric patterns found on the landmark configurations suggest independent perturbations of the parallel pathways in each module and a stable asymmetry variance near the fusion by canalization of the direct pathway, which was more intense in males. The greater covariational flexibility imposed by the parallel pathways promotes the expression of gonadic modularity that favors the reproductive output in females and agonistic modularity that contributes to mating success in males. Under these divergent expressions of evolvability, the smaller difference between developmental modularity and agonistic modularity in males suggests higher levels of canalization due to a relatively more intense structural fusion. We conclude that: (1) the cephalothorax of A. araucaniensis is an evolvable structure, where parallel pathways promote sexual disruptions in the expressions of functional modularity, which are more restricted in males, and (2) the cephalothoracic palimpsest of decapods has empirical advantages in studying the developmental causes of evolution of complex structures.
Collapse
|
7
|
Olson ME, Anfodillo T, Gleason SM, McCulloh KA. Tip-to-base xylem conduit widening as an adaptation: causes, consequences, and empirical priorities. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1877-1893. [PMID: 32984967 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the stems of terrestrial vascular plants studied to date, the diameter of xylem water-conducting conduits D widens predictably with distance from the stem tip L approximating D ∝ Lb , with b ≈ 0.2. Because conduit diameter is central for conductance, it is essential to understand the cause of this remarkably pervasive pattern. We give reason to suspect that tip-to-base conduit widening is an adaptation, favored by natural selection because widening helps minimize the increase in hydraulic resistance that would otherwise occur as an individual stem grows longer and conductive path length increases. Evidence consistent with adaptation includes optimality models that predict the 0.2 exponent. The fact that this prediction can be made with a simple model of a single capillary, omitting much biological detail, itself makes numerous important predictions, e.g. that pit resistance must scale isometrically with conduit resistance. The idea that tip-to-base conduit widening has a nonadaptive cause, with temperature, drought, or turgor limiting the conduit diameters that plants are able to produce, is less consistent with the data than an adaptive explanation. We identify empirical priorities for testing the cause of tip-to-base conduit widening and underscore the need to study plant hydraulic systems leaf to root as integrated wholes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Tommaso Anfodillo
- Department Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), 35020, Italy
| | - Sean M Gleason
- Water Management and Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Olson ME. The comparative method is not macroevolution: across-species evidence for within-species process. Syst Biol 2021; 70:1272-1281. [PMID: 33410880 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is common for studies that employ the comparative method for the study of adaptation, i.e. documentation of potentially adaptive across-species patterns of trait-environment or trait-trait correlation, to be designated as "macroevolutionary." Authors are justified in using "macroevolution" in this way by appeal to definitions such as "evolution above the species level." I argue that regarding the comparative method as "macroevolutionary" is harmful because it hides in serious ways the true causal content of hypotheses tested with the comparative method. The comparative method is a means of testing hypotheses of adaptation and their alternatives. Adaptation is a population level phenomenon, involving heritable interindividual variation that is associated with fitness differences. For example, given heritable intrapopulational variation, more streamlined individuals in populations of fast-moving aquatic animals have higher locomotory efficiency and thus better survivorship and more resources directed to reproduction than less streamlined ones. Direct evidence consistent with this population-level scenario includes the observation that many unrelated species of fast-moving aquatic animals have similar streamlined shapes, an example of the comparative method. Crucial to note in this example is that although the data are observed across species, the comparative method for studying adaptation tests hypotheses regarding standard population-level natural selection with no content that can be construed as "macro." Even less "macro," individual-level developmental dynamics can limit or bias the range of variants available for selection. Calling any of these studies "macroevolutionary" implies that some additional process is at work, shrouding the need to test adaptation hypotheses and study the range of variants that can be produced in development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito sn de Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Olson M, Rosell JA, Martínez‐Pérez C, León‐Gómez C, Fajardo A, Isnard S, Cervantes‐Alcayde MA, Echeverría A, Figueroa‐Abundiz VA, Segovia‐Rivas A, Trueba S, Vázquez‐Segovia K. Xylem vessel‐diameter–shoot‐length scaling: ecological significance of porosity types and other traits. ECOL MONOGR 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Olson
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Julieta A. Rosell
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Cecilia Martínez‐Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Calixto León‐Gómez
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Camino Baguales s/n Coyhaique 5951601 Chile
| | - Sandrine Isnard
- Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture de Plantes de des Végétations Institut de Recherche pourle Développement Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université de Montpellier Montpellier 34398 France
- Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture de Plantes de des Végétations Institut de Recherche pourle Développement Herbier de Nouvelle‐Caledonia Nouméa 98848 New Caledonia
| | - María Angélica Cervantes‐Alcayde
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Alberto Echeverría
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Víctor A. Figueroa‐Abundiz
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Alí Segovia‐Rivas
- Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Santiago Trueba
- Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture de Plantes de des Végétations Institut de Recherche pourle Développement Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Université de Montpellier Montpellier 34398 France
- Botanique et Modélisation de l’Architecture de Plantes de des Végétations Institut de Recherche pourle Développement Herbier de Nouvelle‐Caledonia Nouméa 98848 New Caledonia
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
| | - Karen Vázquez‐Segovia
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria Ciudad de México 04510 México
| |
Collapse
|